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MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY
CLASS 4: PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES

It is the treatment, using psychological methods, for health problems of the individual and the family, and
includes:
ÿ Interventions carried out by doctors without a direct relationship with the body
ÿ Use words, gestures or voice inflections
ÿ Through the doctor-patient relationship

PSYCHOTHERAPY: Psychological therapeutic methods for sick people that, through interpersonal
communication, seek relief and recovery from an illness or the improvement of the quality of life of
individuals, families and groups. It is applied by a trained and interested health team.

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY:

1. FROM THE THERAPIST: Interest in the patient, respect, warm contact, tolerance, listening skills,
empathy, own and sincere limitations and resources.
2. FROM THE PATIENT: Trust, cooperation, understanding, motivation for the
change.
3. OF THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP: Delimitation of the contract sections,
average objectives and expectations that are had.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC METHODS.
ÿ Trust in the therapist, ÿ
Atmosphere of understanding
ÿ Possibility, expression of problems
ÿ Word as a therapeutic factor.
ÿ Need for motivation.
ÿ Active role of the patient during therapy.

PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVIEW:
Be careful with the information that is transmitted verbally and extraverbally to avoid confusion,
misinterpretation and loss of trust.
A permissive emotional climate must be established that facilitates the externalization of the patient's
feelings and concerns.

CONDITIONS FOR A PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP:

ÿ Conscious and organized direction by the therapist.
ÿ Presence of a sick man and a health professional providing assistance.
ÿ Knowledge by the health professional of the personality traits of the
sick.
ÿ Select the psychotherapeutic technique that corresponds to each situation. And execute it with the
necessary mastery
ÿ The psychotherapist must know his personality and control his psychological resources and
conflicts.
PSYCHOTHERAPY AND REHABILITATION. It leads to better personal development, regaining self-
confidence, lifestyle and comprehensive rehabilitation.
PATIENT DOCTOR RELATIONSHIP
It is known as transfer or Rappot and must be:
ÿ Temporary for both, ÿ
Disappears little by little until
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ÿ The patient is cured.

PSYCHOTHERAPY TECHNIQUE:
ÿ Supportive psychotherapy
ÿ Rational or persuasive psychotherapy
ÿ Suggestion in wakefulness and
hypnosis ÿ Cognitive-behavioral techniques.
ÿ Relaxation technique
ÿ Other resources

SUPPORTIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY
With us:
Support is based on ÿ Affirmative suggestions with confidence
ÿ Increased hope and optimism. ÿ Use of authority
ÿ Comments that reassure him. ÿ Tolerant attitude that alleviates feelings ÿ Helps to have
it when needed. of guilt
ÿ Tips.
EXPRESSIONS OF SUPPORT:
ÿ Manipulation of environment and people.
ÿ I understand
ÿ I understand the situation.
ÿ How can I help you?
ÿ I realized It is used
in: Relieving a distressed patient about whom little is known, then choosing the most appropriate therapeutic
approach.

RATIONAL PSYCHOTHERAPY:

Use logical arguments,

ÿ Active participation,
EFFECTIVE:
ÿ Precise explanations
When the therapist achieves understanding from the patient,
ÿ Expresses it impliesnature
the reversible on theofpart
theof the patient:
behavior, Commitment
experience
of knowledge, and acts accordingly. alterations.

INDICATED:
As long as the patient's level of consciousness allows it: The doctor must explain what the condition is due to,
how to deal with it, and the attitudes and behaviors that should be avoided or assumed.

SUGGESTION TECHNIQUES
ÿ Transmission of ideas favorable to healing
ÿ Through convincing words, ÿ Product of
concentrated excitation in an area of the large hemispheres, ÿ It is carried out in wakefulness
or hypnotic sleep.

It is recommended to apply to patients, hysterics and hypochondriacs.

EFFECTS OF SUGGESTION:

It depends on:
ÿ Authority of the professional,
SUGGESTION IN AWAKE STATE
ÿ Affective state of the patient and It is
planned in 2 direct and indirect ways.
ÿ Personal sense formed by your experience.

Suggestion ability: Ability that a person has to be suggested and

especially high in children.
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Direct: Effect that the word has on the person. (Patient who arrives anxious. “Calm down, let’s talk for a while,
you’ll see that you’ll soon calm down.”)
Indirect: Add to the effect of the word some element called effect. You will see that
with this medicine you will be relieved in good time. When the substance that is administered is not the one
indicated for that ailment.

HYPNOTIC SUGGESTION:

. Conditioned reflex sleep, prolonged

between wakefulness and sleep. by suggestion through Partial sleep: Intermediate
different conditions: bronchial asthma, obesity,ofsexual
the word, there is a alert
dysfunctions. pointthat
of treatment
maintainsfor
contact between
such as hysteria. dermatological conditions, psychiatric conditions
hypnotist and the hypnotized
MECHANISM
ÿ Decrease in peripheral stimuli.
ÿ Slow stimulation
ÿ Rhythm monitoring
Page 8 chap. 3 psychology

COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY.

They determine our emotions

Thoughts
They modulate our behavior.
It uses simple and effective techniques that allow you to control and modify your phobias,
addictions, sexual dysfunctions.

CHARACTERISTICS.
ÿ What is of interest is what is observable, not what refers to the past.
ÿ Therapeutic criterion is the change in behavior.
ÿ Form in which you adopt the response to modify
ÿ The terms “goal and objectives” are a constant.
ÿ Treatment. In individualized observable strategies and with the participation of the patient and his/her
family environment.

TECHNIQUES OF COGNOSCITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY.

ÿ Awareness-raising, imagined systematic.
ÿ Self-control
ÿ Troubleshooting
ÿ Visualization.

OF IMAGINED SYSTEMATIC AWARENESS:

It is based on classical conditioning
Contains cognitive elements
Use thought and images

It is used to treat phobias. E.g. Dog phobias. Photos of dogs are

suggested, and if you overcome them with SELF-CONTROL
ease continues with contact with the phobic object, Ability of a
person to control the consequences of his or her behavior.
without suffering anxiety.
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STEPS
Self-observation ÿ
Setting goals. ÿ Strategies to modify the
environment. ÿ Self-evaluation. ÿ Establishing
consequences. It is
applied in treatment. Of addictions e.g. Smoking.

People who have stopped smoking and do not have the self-control to quit.

PROBLEM SOLVING Solve problems

by making good decisions.
STEPS: ÿ
Change the way you look at the problem. ÿ Define and
formulate it. ÿ Generate
alternative proposals. ÿ Make decisions. ÿ
Verify the solution to the
problem.
APPLY FOR:
Major losses such as: ÿ Divorces
ÿ Abandonments
and ÿ Death

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES: ÿ Residence

ÿ Work ÿ Marital
status.

Reintegration into the community of

ÿ Former drug addicts
ÿ Former alcoholics ÿ
Former gamblers. ÿ
Former prisoners.
Deepen psychological treatment techniques Pages 17 and 18 of the CD.

VISUALIZATION: ÿ
Based on suggestion and the body's ability to provide information to reduce pain or relax a specific muscle. ÿ
Relaxing the patient to a state favorable for
imagination. ÿ Creating favorable images. ÿ Applied to reduce pain, relax and
speed up recovery from physical pain.

Relaxation techniques. ÿ Schultz autogenic training.

ÿ Based on relationship exercises ÿ Patients

can practice them alone ÿ Reduces emotional
tensions ÿ It is recommended in situations of
stress, anxiety and phobias, among others.
Psychotherapeutic resources. (Search) 65 to 8 psychology and health cd. ÿ
Bibliotherapy. Catharsis
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ÿ Therapeutic play. Ergoterapia.

ÿ Labor therapy. Dramatization.
ÿ Music therapy.
ÿ Role play. Review CD. Psychotherapy and generalities

THERAPEUTIC ADHERENCE..

ADHERENCE VARIABLE:
ÿ Complexity and duration of treatment. Active and collaborative involvement ÿ Probabilities
of following the treatment. voluntary patient in a course of ÿ Patient compliance
history. accepted behavior in order to ÿ Toxic habits and
lifestyles. produce a therapeutic result ÿ Circumstances in which
the desired treatment is monitored.
ÿ Degree of Adherence produces the ConsequenceAdherenceof abandoning
is or the treatment.
refers to ÿ Perfection
of control of the situation.
compliance with indications ÿ Cost of
treatment for the patient. medical and addiction treatment
ÿ Emotional support from the family.
ÿ Partner, friends. And health personnel.
ÿ Level of self-efficiency that the patient presents.
ÿ Immediate feedback on symptoms.

SUBJECTIVE COMPONENTS. ÿ Knowledge

and beliefs about the disease.
ÿ Acceptance of their condition as sick people.
ÿ Motivation for health recovery.
ÿ Development of efforts to comply with treatment.

ADHERENCE TO TTO.
ÿ Factor protector.
ÿ Contributes to the non-progression of the disease.
ÿ Promotes control.
ÿ Avoid complications.
ÿ It prolongs life and tends to health.
ÿ Monitoring of prescriptions takes on a salutogenic character

At the end of today's orientation activity we can conclude that:

Psychotherapy is the set of psychological interventions, essential in all healing actions, carried out by
doctors and other professionals to solve health problems of individuals and families.

The psychotherapeutic techniques recommended for their usefulness in medical practice are: supportive,
rational, suggestive, cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy and relaxation.
Therapeutic adherence favors disease control, prevents complications and prolongs the patient's life.

In this activity, the contents related to psychotherapy in medical practice and some techniques of interest to
the doctor who works in the community were studied, as well as the importance of therapeutic adherence for
the health-disease process.