Workshop Report
Lathe and CNC Machining Operations
Ashvitha Tharshana R
24R206
On May 3, I actively participated in a comprehensive workshop that provided
extensive hands-on experience with both traditional lathe machine operations
and advanced CNC machining techniques. This session offered valuable
insights into fundamental manufacturing processes and principles of
automation.
Operations Performed
* Rough Turning
* Facing
* Chamfering
* Grooving (CNC)
* Parting Off (CNC)
The workshop began with an introduction to the lathe machine's various
components, their individual purposes, and the correct procedures for safe
equipment handling. I also learned how to regulate the machine’s spindle
speed (RPM) by adjusting the feed gear system located within the headstock.
A significant learning point was understanding how to transition the manual
turning process to an automated feed, achieved by engaging a specific lever
that activates the power feed mechanism, allowing for consistent material
removal without continuous manual intervention.
1.Rough Turning Operation
The workshop commenced with rough turning, a primary process aimed at
quickly reducing the component's diameter. I positioned the cutting tool
parallel to the workpiece's spinning axis and systematically removed
substantial layers of material to bring the workpiece close to its desired
dimension. This phase focused on high material removal rates rather than fine
finish, providing firsthand experience with aggressive parameters like spindle
speed, feed rate, and significant cutting depths. The cross-slide handle
controlled the depth of cut, moving the tool perpendicularly, while the carriage
handwheel provided longitudinal movement.
2.Facing Operation
Following rough turning, I moved on to facing, a technique used to flatten the
end of a cylindrical workpiece. I secured the workpiece in the chuck and used
a single-point tool to carefully remove material from its face, achieving a
smooth, flat surface. The depth of cut was adjusted via the carriage
handwheel, and the feed was controlled using the cross-slide. This step was
crucial to provide a clean and true base for subsequent machining operations.
Seminar on Thread Cutting Operation:
In addition to the practical operations, our batch also participated in a
dedicated seminar focusing on thread cutting. This session covered the
theoretical principles and practical steps involved in creating external and
internal threads on a lathe. Topics included selecting appropriate threading
tools, understanding thread pitches and forms, setting up the lathe's gearbox
for specific thread requirements, and the precise coordination of carriage
movement with spindle rotation. This knowledge is crucial for manufacturing
parts that require secure fastening.
3.Chamfering Operation
Next was chamfering—the process of beveling the sharp edges of the
component. Using a tool set at an angle, I created sloped edges at the ends of
the workpiece. This technique is important for eliminating sharp corners, which
significantly improves handling safety, enhances the part's appearance, and
simplifies assembly by allowing smoother insertion of fasteners like bolts or
screws.
4.Grooving Operation (CNC Machining)
After the manual lathe operations, the workshop transitioned to CNC
machining, where I performed grooving. This operation involved creating a
narrow, precisely cut channel on the workpiece's surface using a specialized
grooving tool. With CNC control, I programmed the machine to move the tool
to specific coordinates, allowing for accurate and repeatable groove
dimensions. This demonstrated the high precision and automation capabilities
of CNC systems for intricate features.
5.Parting Off Operation (CNC Machining)
The final operation I performed was parting off using CNC machining. This
involved completely severing the finished workpiece from the main stock
material. A thin, specialized parting-off tool was used, programmed to cut
through the material at a specific location. This operation highlighted the
efficiency and automated control of CNC machines in producing discrete
components from longer stock, ensuring a clean and precise separation.
