SRS: SRS stands for Software Requirements Specification.

It's a document that

outlines in detail what a software application is expected to do and how it
should perform.

1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose - defining why the software/system is being built and what it
aims to achieve.

1.2 Intended Audience- Define who in your organization will have access
to the SRS and how they should use it. It May include developers, testers,
and project managers.

1.4 Product Scope- Explain the broader objectives and benefits of the
software. How does it align with your organization’s goals?

1.5 Definitions and Acronyms- Clearly define all key terms, acronyms, and
abbreviations used in the SRS.
1.6 Overview - In this, description of product is explained. It’s simply
summary or overall review of product.

2. Overall Description

2.1 User Needs- Describe who will use the product and how. Are
they primary or secondary users? What is their role within their
organization? What problem does the product solve for them?

2.2 Assumptions and Dependencies- What does the software rely

on to function properly (e.g., existing technologies or third-party
integrations)?

3. Specific requirements

 3.1 Functional Requirements- it define what a system should do

Focus on the specific actions or tasks a system must perform, must provide, such as
user login, data processing, and report generation.
 3.2 Non-Functional Requirements- define how the system should do
it. Focus on the quality attributes of the system, such as performance, security, and
usability.
3.2.1 Performance
3.2.2 Security
3.2.3 Usability, Reliability, Compliance

3.3 External Interface Requirements

3.3.1 User interface

3.3.2 Hardware interfaces
3.3.4 Software interfaces

3.3.5 Communications
4 System Features
5 System features, like performance metrics or error handling, are a
type of functional requirements that highlight what a system needs to
function.
5.3.5

3.3.5 Business Rules

4. Other Requirements

4.1 Database Requirements

4.2 Legal and Regulatory Requirements

4.3 Internationalization and Localization

4.4 Risk Management (FMEA Matrix)

5. Assess Risk Using FMEA
Incorporate a structured process to assess potential failure modes within
the system. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a systematic
methodology used to identify potential failure modes, evaluate their causes
and effects, and prioritize them based on severity, occurrence, and
detectability.
These factors are combined to calculate a Risk Priority Number (RPN),
using the formula:

RPN = Severity × Occurrence × Detection

Higher RPN values indicate greater risk and should be addressed with
mitigation actions as early as possible.

Including an FMEA table or matrix in your SRS ensures that you address
critical failure points early in the design process, minimizing the likelihood
of system malfunctions. Here’s an example FMEA table to help you get
started:
 5. Appendices

5.1 Glossary

5.2 Use Cases and Diagrams

5.3 To Be Determined (TBD) List

A Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document for a Library

Management System (LMS) outlines the system's purpose, scope, and
requirements for both users and the system itself. It details functional
and non-functional requirements, including user roles, system features, and
performance criteria, to guide development.
Here's a breakdown of the key components of an LMS SRS:

1. Introduction:
 Purpose: To clearly define the objectives and scope of the LMS project.
 Scope: To specify which features and functionalities are included (e.g., book
management, user management, circulation).
 References: To list any relevant documents or standards used in the project.
 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations: To clarify any technical terms or jargon
used in the document.
2. Overall Description:
 Product Perspective: How the LMS will integrate with the existing library environment.
 Product Functions: A high-level overview of the system's main tasks (e.g., searching,
borrowing, returning).
 User Classes and Characteristics: Defines different user roles (e.g., librarian, student,
faculty) and their specific needs.
 Operating Environment: Specifies the hardware, software, and network requirements.
 Assumptions and Dependencies: Lists any assumptions made during the SRS
development.
3. Functional Requirements:
 Specific System Features: Detailed descriptions of the system's capabilities.
 Use Cases: Examples of how users will interact with the system (e.g., a librarian
issuing a book, a student reserving a book).
 Examples of Functional Requirements:
o Book Management: Adding new books, updating book details, deleting books,
searching for books.
o User Management: Registering new users, managing user accounts, updating user
information.
o Circulation: Borrowing books, returning books, renewing books, placing holds.
o Reporting: Generating reports on various aspects of the library (e.g., book availability,
user activity).
4. Non-Functional Requirements:
 Performance Requirements: Specifies response times, transaction speed, and system
capacity.
 Security Requirements: Describes how the system will protect sensitive data (e.g.,
user information, financial transactions).
 Usability Requirements: Outlines the ease of use and user-friendliness of the system.
 Availability Requirements: Specifies the expected uptime and reliability of the
system.
 Scalability Requirements: Describes the system's ability to handle increasing numbers
of users and data.
5. Design Considerations:
 Database Requirements: Specifies the database schema, data storage, and access
methods.
 User Interface (UI) Design: Describes the look and feel of the system's interface.
 Hardware Requirements: Specifies the necessary hardware for the system to
operate.
6. Future Enhancements:
 Lists potential future features or improvements to the system.
7. Appendices:
 Contains additional information, such as use case diagrams, data models, and process
flow diagrams.
This comprehensive SRS document serves as a blueprint for developing the
Library Management System, ensuring that all stakeholders have a clear
understanding of the system's requirements and functionality.

1. Figma –

 Cloud-based, free for individuals.

 Works in the browser or as a desktop app.
 Very beginner-friendly but also powerful enough for professional work.
 Real-time collaboration with teammates.

2. Canva –

 Extremely simple, drag-and-drop interface.

 Good for quick mockups and UI ideas (not full interactive prototypes).
 Huge library of templates and design assets.

3. Pen & Paper (or Whiteboard) –

 The fastest way to sketch UI ideas before touching a computer.

 Great for brainstorming layouts and flows.

4. Sketch (Mac only) –

 Intuitive and lightweight.

 Industry standard for many designers, though mostly used on macOS.

5. Adobe XD –

 Free starter plan.

 Simple learning curve, good for both static design and interactive prototypes.

6. Balsamiq –

 Perfect for low-fidelity wireframes.

 Looks like hand-drawn sketches, so stakeholders focus on structure, not colors.

A Software Design Document (SDD) is a detailed blueprint that explains how a software
system will be built — bridging the gap between requirements and implementation.

Here’s a standard SDD format based on IEEE 1016-2009 guidelines:

1. Introduction

 1.1 Purpose – Why this document exists and what it covers.

 1.2 Scope – Summary of the system’s functionality, goals, and boundaries.
 1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations – Glossary of technical terms.
 1.4 References – Related documents (requirements, standards, manuals).
 1.5 Overview – Brief summary of what’s in the document.

2. System Overview

 High-level description of the system.

 Main functions, users, and operational context.
 Relationship to other systems.

3. Architectural Design

 3.1 System Architecture – Diagrams (e.g., layered, client-server, microservices).

 3.2 Subsystem Architecture – Breakdown of components and their roles.
 3.3 Technology Stack – Programming languages, frameworks, databases, APIs.
 3.4 Design Rationale – Why certain architectural choices were made.

4. Detailed Design

 4.1 Module/Component Descriptions – For each module:

o Purpose
o Inputs / Outputs
o Dependencies
o Processing logic (flowcharts, pseudocode)
 4.2 Data Design – Data models, ER diagrams, database schema.
 4.3 Interface Design – UI mockups, API specifications, interaction flows.

5. External Interface Requirements

 5.1 User Interface – Screens, forms, navigation structure.

 5.2 Hardware Interface – Device integration, sensors, etc.
 5.3 Software Interface – Communication with other systems.
 5.4 Communication Interface – Network protocols, data formats.
6. Performance and Quality Requirements

 Response time, throughput, scalability.

 Security requirements.
 Reliability and availability targets.

7. Design Constraints

 Hardware limitations, software dependencies, legal or regulatory constraints.

8. Testing Strategy

 Unit tests, integration tests, acceptance tests.

 Tools and frameworks.

9. Appendices

 Glossary, supplementary diagrams, code snippets, or additional notes.

If you want, I can prepare a ready-to-use editable SDD template in Word or PDF so you can
just fill in your project details without starting from scratch. Would you like me to prepare that?

//////////////////////

Perfect! Let’s break this down clearly. Preparing BRD, SRS, and SDD involves different levels
of detail and focus in the software development process. I’ll outline each with purpose, content,
and steps to prepare.

1. BRD – Business Requirement Document

🔹 Purpose

 Captures high-level business needs and objectives.

 Explains why the project is being done.
🔹 Contents / Structure

1. Introduction
o Purpose
o Scope
o Background
o References / Definitions
2. Current and Future State (As-Is / To-Be)
3. Business Problems
4. Business Objectives
5. Business Requirements
6. Business Rules
7. Functional Requirements (optional high-level)
8. Non-Functional Requirements
9. Assumptions and Dependencies
10. Constraints
11. Stakeholder Analysis
12. Acceptance Criteria
13. Project Approach (optional)

🔹 Steps to Prepare

1. Gather business stakeholder input (interviews, workshops).

2. Identify current problems and future goals.
3. Define business requirements and high-level functional requirements.
4. Document assumptions, dependencies, and constraints.
5. Review and validate with stakeholders.

2. SRS – Software Requirements Specification

🔹 Purpose

 Captures detailed system/software requirements derived from BRD.

 Specifies what the system must do (functional) and qualities it must have (non-
functional).

🔹 Contents / Structure

1. Introduction
o Purpose
o Scope
o Definitions, Acronyms, References
2. Overall Description
o Product perspective
 oProduct functions
oObjectives
oUser characteristics
oConstraints, Assumptions, Dependencies
3. Specific Requirements
o Functional Requirements (detailed)
o Non-Functional Requirements (performance, security, reliability)
4. Other Requirements
o Interface requirements (UI, hardware, software)
o Data requirements

🔹 Steps to Prepare

1. Review BRD and stakeholder inputs.

2. Break business requirements into system-level requirements.
3. Define functional and non-functional requirements in detail.
4. Include interfaces, data, and constraints.
5. Review and validate with project team and stakeholders.

3. SDD – Software Design Document

🔹 Purpose

 Specifies how the system will be implemented.

 Guides developers with architecture, components, and design details.

🔹 Contents / Structure

1. Introduction
o Purpose
o Scope
o References
2. System Architecture
o High-level architecture (diagrams: 3-tier, microservices, etc.)
3. Detailed Design
o Component/module design
o Database design (ER diagrams, schema)
o Algorithms, data structures
o Interface design (UI, API)
4. Design Constraints
5. Security & Performance Considerations
6. Testing & Maintenance Considerations

🔹 Steps to Prepare
 1. Review SRS and system requirements.
2. Define architecture and module decomposition.
3. Prepare diagrams: class, sequence, component, deployment.
4. Define data models and algorithms.
5. Review design with technical team.

🔑 Summary of Differences
Document Focus Audience Level of Detail

BRD Business needs & objectives Business stakeholders High-level, strategic

SRS System/software requirements Developers, testers Detailed functional & non-functional

SDD How system will be implemented Developers, architects Technical, low-level design

If you want, I can make a single visual workflow showing BRD → SRS → SDD with steps
and example content — it makes the relationships super clear.

Do you want me to do that?

You said:
YES

ChatGPT said:

Perfect! Here’s a visual workflow for BRD → SRS → SDD showing the sequence, purpose,
audience, and example content. I’ll lay it out in text/diagram style so it’s easy to follow.

BRD → SRS → SDD Workflow

[BRD] → [SRS] → [SDD]

1. BRD – Business Requirement Document

 Purpose: Capture high-level business needs & objectives.

 Audience: Business stakeholders, project managers.
 Content / Example:
o Purpose: “Enable online ordering for customers to expand sales.”
o Scope: In-scope: web orders, payment; Out-of-scope: mobile app.
o Current State: Orders by phone, manual invoicing.
o Future State: Customers order online, automated invoicing.
 o Business Requirements: “System shall allow users to place orders online.”
o Business Rules: “Orders above $500 require manager approval.”
o Assumptions/Dependencies: Internet access required; payment gateway
available.

Output: High-level requirements & goals for the project.

2. SRS – Software Requirements Specification

 Purpose: Translate BRD into detailed software/system requirements.

 Audience: Developers, testers, QA, technical team.
 Content / Example:
o Functional Requirements:
 “System shall validate user login.”
 “System shall store order details in the database.”
o Non-Functional Requirements:
 Performance: “Handle 1000 concurrent orders.”
 Security: “Use HTTPS and encrypted passwords.”
o Interfaces: Web UI, payment gateway API.
o Constraints / Assumptions: Browser compatibility, database availability.

Output: Detailed functional and non-functional requirements ready for design.

3. SDD – Software Design Document

 Purpose: Describe how the system will be implemented.

 Audience: Developers, system architects.
 Content / Example:
o System Architecture: 3-tier web architecture (presentation, logic, database).
o Component Design: Modules for User, Order, Payment.
o Database Design: ER diagram for Users, Orders, Products.
o Algorithms: Order validation, payment processing logic.
o UI/UX Design: Wireframes, page layouts.
o Constraints: Integration with ERP system, API rate limits.

Output: Technical blueprint for developers to implement the system.

Workflow Summary Table
Document Purpose Audience Output

BRD High-level business needs Stakeholders, PM Goals, scope, problems, objectives

Detailed system/software Functional & non-functional

SRS Developers, QA
requirements requirements

Developers, Architecture, modules, DB design,

SDD How system will be implemented
Architects algorithms

✅ Sequence Logic:

1. BRD identifies what business wants and why.

2. SRS translates that into what the system must do.
3. SDD explains how the system will be built.

Perfect! Let’s break this down clearly. Preparing BRD, SRS, and SDD involves different levels
of detail and focus in the software development process. I’ll outline each with purpose, content,
and steps to prepare.

1. BRD – Business Requirement Document

🔹 Purpose

 Captures high-level business needs and objectives.

 Explains why the project is being done.

🔹 Contents / Structure

1. Introduction
o Purpose
o Scope
o Background
o References / Definitions
2. Current and Future State (As-Is / To-Be)
3. Business Problems
4. Business Objectives
5. Business Requirements
6. Business Rules
7. Functional Requirements (optional high-level)
8. Non-Functional Requirements
 9. Assumptions and Dependencies
10. Constraints
11. Stakeholder Analysis
12. Acceptance Criteria
13. Project Approach (optional)

🔹 Steps to Prepare

1. Gather business stakeholder input (interviews, workshops).

2. Identify current problems and future goals.
3. Define business requirements and high-level functional requirements.
4. Document assumptions, dependencies, and constraints.
5. Review and validate with stakeholders.

2. SRS – Software Requirements Specification

🔹 Purpose

 Captures detailed system/software requirements derived from BRD.

 Specifies what the system must do (functional) and qualities it must have (non-
functional).

🔹 Contents / Structure

1. Introduction
o Purpose
o Scope
o Definitions, Acronyms, References
2. Overall Description
o Product perspective
o Product functions
o Objectives
o User characteristics
o Constraints, Assumptions, Dependencies
3. Specific Requirements
o Functional Requirements (detailed)
o Non-Functional Requirements (performance, security, reliability)
4. Other Requirements
o Interface requirements (UI, hardware, software)
o Data requirements

🔹 Steps to Prepare

1. Review BRD and stakeholder inputs.

 2. Break business requirements into system-level requirements.
3. Define functional and non-functional requirements in detail.
4. Include interfaces, data, and constraints.
5. Review and validate with project team and stakeholders.

3. SDD – Software Design Document

🔹 Purpose

 Specifies how the system will be implemented.

 Guides developers with architecture, components, and design details.

🔹 Contents / Structure

1. Introduction
o Purpose
o Scope
o References
2. System Architecture
o High-level architecture (diagrams: 3-tier, microservices, etc.)
3. Detailed Design
o Component/module design
o Database design (ER diagrams, schema)
o Algorithms, data structures
o Interface design (UI, API)
4. Design Constraints
5. Security & Performance Considerations
6. Testing & Maintenance Considerations

🔹 Steps to Prepare

1. Review SRS and system requirements.

2. Define architecture and module decomposition.
3. Prepare diagrams: class, sequence, component, deployment.
4. Define data models and algorithms.
5. Review design with technical team.

🔑 Summary of Differences
Document Focus Audience Level of Detail

BRD Business needs & objectives Business stakeholders High-level, strategic

Document Focus Audience Level of Detail

SRS System/software requirements Developers, testers Detailed functional & non-functional

SDD How system will be implemented Developers, architects Technical, low-level design

If you want, I can make a single visual workflow showing BRD → SRS → SDD with steps
and example content — it makes the relationships super clear.

DevOps is a combination of two

words: "Development" and "Operations." It’s a modern approach where
software developers and software operations teams work together
throughout the entire software life cycle.
The goals of DevOps are:
 Faster and continuous software releases.
 Reduces manual errors through automation.
 Built-in Monitoring, detect failures or issues during delivery or in
production.
 Automate testing throughout the software delivery process.
 Before DevOps, software delivery was slow and manual. Separate
teams handled coding, server setup, testing, and deployment,
leading to delays and frequent errors due to lack of automation.
 With DevOps, the process is fast, automated, and collaborative.
Using tools like Git, Jenkins, Docker, and Kubernetes, teams can
build, test, and deploy code continuously, enabling deployment in
hours instead of days.
3. Source Code Management
Source Code Management is one of the key aspects of DevOps. Git is
considered to be one of the best tools for version control of source codes. In
this section on Source Code Management, we’ll explore the fundamentals of
version control using tools like Git, GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket.
How to Install Git on Windows - 4 Methods
We will walk you through each step of the installation process and provide
helpful tips to get you started with Git on your Windows machine.
Method 1: Install Git using the Official Git for Windows Installer
The easiest and most recommended way to install Git on Windows is
through the official Git for Windows installer. This method provides the most
up-to-date version and ensures that Git runs smoothly on your system.
Step 1: Download the Installer
Go to the official Git website: https://git-scm.com/download/win .
The download will start automatically for the latest version of Git for
Windows. After the download is complete, run the .exe file.
Step 2: Select Editor & Adjust Path
Follow the prompts in the setup wizard. Most default settings will be fine for
general use, but here are some key steps:
 Firstly, the installer will ask which text editor to use for Git. You can
choose from options like Vim, Notepad++, or Visual Studio Code.
 Make sure you choose the option that adds Git to your system PATH
(recommended for ease of use in the command line).
 Select the default option (OpenSSL) to allow Git to communicate securely
over HTTPS.
 The default choice, “Checkout Windows-style, commit Unix-style line
endings,” is ideal for most developers working in Windows environments.
Step 3: Complete the Installation
After configuring the setup, click "Install" and allow the installation to
complete.
Once done, you can launch Git Bash (installed with Git) or use Git from the
Command Prompt (cmd) by typing the following command.
git --version
Method 4: Install Git via GitHub Desktop
GitHub Desktop provides a graphical interface for managing your Git
repositories, which is great for beginners or those who prefer not to work with
the command line. You can install Git through GitHub Desktop, which
includes Git along with additional features for managing GitHub repositories.
Step 1: Download GitHub Desktop
Visit the GitHub Desktop website and download the installer for Windows.
Step 2: Run the Installer
Open the installer and follow the on-screen instructions to complete the
installation.
Step 3: Verify Git Installation
After installation, you can verify Git by opening the GitHub Desktop
application, or you can open Git Bash or Command Prompt and type
git --version
Step 2: Create a GitHub Account
Next, you need to create a free account on GitHub by visiting github.com.
After you sign up, you will be able to create repositories and share your code
with others.
Step 3: Configure Git
Once Git is installed, you need to tell it who you are. Open your terminal and
type the following commands:
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com"
These commands set your username and email, which Git will use to track
your commits (changes you make to your code).
Step 4: Create a Local Git Repository
To start using Git for a project, you need to create a repository (or "repo"). A
repo is where Git stores your project and tracks changes. Open your
terminal, navigate to the folder where you want to store your project, and run:
git init
This initializes a new Git repository in that folder.
Step 5: Add Files to Your Repo
Next, you can create or add files to your project. For example, create a new
file called myfile.txt:
touch myfile.txt
Git won't track the new file until you tell it to. You can use the following
command to tell Git to start tracking the file:
git add myfile.txt
This command stages the file, preparing it for the next commit.
Step 6: Commit Your Changes
A commit is like a snapshot of your project at a certain point of time. To
commit your changes, use the command:
git commit -m "Added myfile.txt"
This saves your changes to the Git repository with a message describing
what you changed.
Step 7: Create a Remote Repository on GitHub
Now, you can upload your local repository to GitHub. First, go to GitHub,
click on the “+” button in the top-right corner, and select "New Repository".
Follow the instructions to create a new repository.
Once the repository is created, GitHub will show you how to link it to your
local project. For example:
git remote add origin
https://github.com/yourusername/yourrepository
git push -u origin master
This uploads your project from your computer to GitHub.
Step 8: Create a Branch and Make Changes
Branches allow you to make changes to your project without affecting the
main version. To create a new branch, use:
git checkout -b new-feature
This switches you to a new branch called new-feature. You can now make
changes to your project without affecting the main branch (usually called
master or main).
Step 9: Push your Changes to GitHub
Once you have made changes on your new branch, you can push those
changes to GitHub.
Run:
git push origin new-feature
Step 10: Create a Pull Request (PR)
A pull request (PR) is a way to suggest changes to a project. It allows others
to review your changes before merging them into the main branch. On
GitHub, go to your repository, click on “Pull Requests,” and create a new PR.
Basic Git Commands
Git commands are important for navigating and controlling your project
repository. These commands help you manage files, track changes, and
collaborate with others.
Command Description

Shows the current status of the repository — staged,

git status
unstaged, and untracked files.

Stages a specific file for commit. Use git add . to stage

git add <file-name>
all changes.

git commit -m Commits the staged changes with a descriptive commit

"message" message.

git branch <branch-

name> Creates a new branch with the given name.

git checkout <branch-

name> Switches to the specified branch.

git merge <branch- Merges changes from the given branch into the current
 Command Description

name> branch.

git push origin Pushes the local branch changes to the remote
<branch-name> repository.

git pull origin Fetches and merges changes from the remote
<branch-name> repository into the local branch.

git log Displays the commit history for the current branch.

Git Workflow

Git workflows define how developers should use Git in a structured and
efficient manner.
1. Clone the Repository
git clone git@github.com:username/repository.git
2. Create and Switch to a New Branch
git checkout -b feature-branch
3. Make Changes and Stage Them
git add <file-name>
4. Commit the Changes
git commit -m "Add new feature"
5. Push the Changes
git push origin feature-branch
6. Create a Pull Request: After pushing your changes, create a pull request
on GitHub to merge the feature branch into the main branch.
7. Update your Local Repository
git checkout main
git pull origin main
8. Delete Feature Branch:
git branch -d feature-branch
git push origin --delete feature-branch