WELCOME
To My Presentation
A presentation on
Sexual Transmitted Disease
(STDs)
Presented by:
Name : Somaiya Akter Nova
Roll: 04
Course Title: (DM332),Complexities of Maternity Session :2021-2022
Experience. Diploma in Midwifery
3rd Year (D10 Batch)
Dhaka nursing college,Dhaka.
At a Glance: 3
➢ Learning Objectives 4
➢ Definition 5
➢ Types of STDs 6
➢ Signs & Symptoms 7
➢ Risk Factors of STDs 8
➢ Mother-to-Child Transmission 9
➢ Prevention 10 & 11
➢ References 12
Learning Objectives : 4
❖ Define Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs).
❖ Identify the common types of STDs and their causative agents (bacteria, viruses,
parasites).
❖ Recognize the major signs and symptoms of common STDs.
❖ Risk factor of STDs.
❖ Discuss the possible complications and long-term effects of untreated STDs.
❖ Analyze the impact of STDs on fertility, pregnancy, and overall health.
❖ To promote community health and disease prevention.
5
Definition
Sexual transmitted disease (STDs )or sexually transmitted infection (STIs)-are
infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact.
The contact is usually vaginal, oral and anal sex, blood, semen, or vaginal and
other bodily fluids, But Sometimes they can spread through other intimate
physical contact.
The most common STDs include: 6
There are more than 30 different sexually transmitted disease.
❑ Bacterial STDs (can usually be cured with antibiotics):
• Chlamydia
• Gonorrhea
• Syphilis
❑ Viral STDs (cannot be cured, but symptoms can be managed):
• HIV/AIDS
• Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
• Human papillomavirus (HPV)
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C
❑ Parasitic STDs (can be treated and cured):
• Trichomoniasis
• Pubic lice (“crabs”)
• Scabies
Signs & Symptoms: 7
(General Symptoms in Both Men & Women)
• Burning or pain during urination.
• Unusual genital discharge (white, yellow, green, or watery).
• Genital sores, blisters, ulcers, or warts.
• Itching, irritation, or redness in genital area.
• Lower abdominal or pelvic pain.
• Pain during sex.
• Swollen lymph nodes in the groin.
• Fever, tiredness, or flu-like symptoms (in some viral STDs).
Risk Factors of STDs:
▪ Behavioral Risk Factors
8
• Having multiple sexual partners
• Unprotected sex (not using condoms)
• Starting sexual activity at a young age
• Engaging in casual sex or sex work
• Substance abuse (alcohol/drugs) → leads to unsafe sex
• Previous history of an STD (higher chance of reinfection)
▪ Biological Risk Factors
• Being female (women are more vulnerable due to genital anatomy)
• Adolescents & young adults (immune system and cervix more susceptible)
• Having another infection (e.g., HIV increases risk of other STDs)
• Lack of male circumcision (increases risk of HIV, HPV, etc.)
▪ Social & Environmental Risk Factors
• Limited access to healthcare or screening
• Poverty and lack of awareness
• Stigma/shame → avoiding medical help
• Migration or living in high-prevalence area
STDs can be transmitted from mother to infant (Mother-to-Child 9
Transmission, MTCT):
➢ Ways of Transmission
1. During pregnancy (through placenta)
2. During childbirth (contact with vaginal secretions, blood, or genital lesions)
3. After birth (through breast milk or close contact)
Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs):
10
1. Safe Sexual Practices
• Abstinence → not having sex is the only 100% effective prevention.
• Mutual monogamy → sex with one uninfected partner only.
• Consistent & correct condom use (male/female condoms) during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
• Avoid sharing sex toys or clean them properly.
2. Medical Prevention
• HPV vaccination.(prevents cervical cancer & genital warts)
• Hepatitis B vaccination.
• Regular screening & testing.(especially for HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia)
• Prompt treatment of infected person & their partner. (partner notification is important)
• Antiretroviral drugs (PrEP/PEP) to reduce HIV risk.
Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs):
11
3. During Pregnancy
• Routine antenatal screening for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B, etc.
• Treatment of mother to reduce transmission risk.(e.g., ART for HIV, penicillin for
syphilis)
• Safe delivery practices if mother has active infection. (e.g., C-section in genital herpes)
4. Behavioral & Social Measures
• Avoid multiple sexual partners.
• Reduce risky behaviors. (alcohol, drug use before sex)
• Improve awareness & sex education.
• Reduce stigma so people seek early treatment.
References
12
1. World Health Organization (WHO). Sexually transmitted infections
(STIs) fact sheet. 2024. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-
room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)
2. World Health Organization (WHO). STI prevention and control. 2023.
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sexually
Transmitted Infections (STI) prevention strategies.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). STI Treatment
Guidelines, 2021 – Clinical Prevention Guidance. 5. National Institute
for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Sexually transmitted infections:
prevention (NG221). 2022
Any Question ?
THANK YOU
