COLLEGE OF NURSING
G.S.V. M. MEDICAL CAMPUS
KANPUR.
ASSIGNMENT ON REVIEW OF LITERATURE
TOPIC :- (A Study on Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnancy)
SUBMITTED TO
SUBMITTED BY
MRS. LITHIYA JOSE
MS. ANJU GUPTA
(Associated Professor )
M. Sc Nursing 1st Year
SUBMITTED ON
8/08/2025
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION:
Review of literature is one of the most important steps in
the research process. It is an account of what is already
known about a particular phenomenon. The main purpose of
literature review is to convey to the reader & about the work
already done and the knowledge and ideas that have been
already established on a particular topic of research.
DEFINITION: A literature review is an evaluative report of
information found in the literature related to selected area of
study. The review describes, summarises, evaluates and
clarifies this literature. It gives a theoretical base for the
research and helps to determine the nature of research. -
Queensland University, 1999
( 1) A descriptive study to assess the knowledge and practice regarding
Urinary tract infection during pregnancy Among antenatal mother at selected
hospital in Nadyal .A random Selection used at Obstetrics-and Gynaecology
department in. Shantaram MedicalCollege.
Study group used 78 pregnant women with Urinary tract infection considered
as infected women and 164 normal healthy pregnant women without urinary
tract infection considered as Non-infected women. Infected pregnant women
were advised for urine routine and culture, sensitivity Results.29(37.1%) out of
78 pregnant women were confirmed as culture positive urinary tract infection.On
assessing various predisposing factors, most of the patients informed
decreased-intake of fluid intake (73%), no hand washing before urination
69.2%, voluntary delay of voiding (61.5%), forward direction-of wiping of
perineum (58.9%).
(2) Cross section study conducted on outpatient department of ESIC medical
college for one year from January 2017 to December 2017.A total of 182
pregnant women selected OBG OPD for ANC check-up without any medical
disorders or previous adverse pregnancy outcomes of 18-35 years of age were
included in the study.simple random sampling technique was used to select
Results out of 182 pregnant women tested for UTI, the incidence of UTI in
pregnancy was found to be 19%. Asymptomatic UTI was noted in 65% patients
with UTI. Primigravida were commonly affected (56%). Highest cases were in
18 to 25 years (63%) age group. 56% cases showed 6-10 pus cells/HPF.
Prevalence of UTI was more common in winter seasons.
(3) A cross section survey was conducted a retrospective cohort
study at Corniche Hospital, Abu Dhabi. The study population
consisted of 549 women in the exposed group and 329 in the
comparison group (i.e., those without UTI). Statistical analysis was
done using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0 (SPSS Inc.,
Chicago, IL). The study's primary outcome measures were preterm
birth, recurrent UTI, pyelonephritis, and low birth weight (LBW).
Results women who had a UTI during pregnancy had more preterm
deliveries than those without a UTI (c2=7.092; p=0.007). Recurrent
UTI was observed in 26.6% of women with UTI, while the incidence
of pyelonephritis was relatively low in this group (1.45%). There was
no significant association between LBW and UTI in pregnancy
(c2=0.097; p=0.756).
(4) A Qualitative phenomenological study deign was used to
determine the preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and
Meta-analysis guidelines on August 8, 2022. To conduct
the systematic review and meta-analysis, a search was performed
using the keywords “urinary tract system”, “UTI”, “pregnancy”, and
“gestation” was performed in several databases, including Web of
Science (WoS), PubMed, Scopes, ScienceDirect, Embers, and Google
Scholar, without a time limit until September 18, 2022. The analysis
was performed using a random-effects model, and the heterogeneity
of the studies was assessed using the I2 index. The Comprehensive
Meta-Analysis software (Version 2) was used for data analysis results
the systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 studies, which
included a total of 30,641 pregnant women , showed an overall
prevalence of UTI (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) to be
23.9% (95% confidence interval: 16.2–33.8).
(5) A cross section study was conducted to determine urinary trac
infection are the most common bacterial infection in pregnancy have
been estimated to effect 2% to 15% pregnant populations ,although
recent data suggest that this may be higher using random selection
from the national birth defect study population (41 869 ) women
Johnson et all .found that 11%to 26% of women reported being
diagnosed &/or treated for uti during pregnancy.
Reference
1. Johnson EK, Wolf JS, Edward K,
editors. Urinary tract infections in
pregnancy: Medscape; 2016.
2. C. Y.Johnson, C.M Rocheleau. Practice
regarding urinary trac infection
pregnancy, journal of obstretics
&gynecology, vol 38,2018 https;// doi .
org/10.1080/0143615 2017
3. K. Kalinderi, D, Delkos, Urinary tract
infection during pregnancy: current concepts
on a common multifaceted problemJ Obstet
Gynaecol, 38 (2018) Volume 29, Issue 10,
October 2023, Pages 1249-1253
4. Mittal P, Deborah AW. Urinary tract infections
in pregnancy Clin Perinatol. 2005;32(3):749-64.
5. Glaser, Alexander P., and Anthony J.
Schaeffer. Urinary tract infection and
bacteriuria in pregnancy. Urologic Clin.
2015;42(4):547-60.
