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S'16: 4FItt : EL 403(1464)

POWER SYSTEMS
Time : Three hours

Mmimum Marks : 100

Answer FIYE qwestions, taking ANY TwoJ?om Group A,

ANY Twofom Group B and ALLtrom Group C.

Atl pmts of a queslion (o,b,etc.) should

be answered at one place.
Answer slnuld be briet otd to-the-point md be supplemented
with neat sketches. Unnecessury long answers moy
result in loss of marks.
Any missing or wnong data muy be assumed suitably giving
proper justificotion.
I;igwes on the right-hand side margin indicate fuIl marks.

6noup A
l. (a) Brieflydiscuss therole of loadfactoronthecostof
electrical enerry.

(r) List different equipment in a coal-based thermal

plant

(c) What is the significance of load diversity in power

systerns ?

(d) The fixed ad operating coeis ofa I 00 MW steam power

station are- Rs.3000/kW of installed dapacrty per
year and 90 paisc/k\t4h reryectivety. Plotthe
variatimof unit cost of enerry generated with load *
factor. Assume that utiiisation factor is unity.

I Turn Awrl

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.:qwi

2. (a) How can a tie line be represented by a block diagram ? (c) Whet is rue&mt hy transposition in transmission
I)erive the equation for chmge in power transferred lint':+ ?.

over the line"

6. (,a) What ;ire c$i{fbrent types of"cahles used in power
(&) What is mezurt byAutomatic Load Frequency Control
system'? Discuss brir:fly.
(ALFC) ? .tt

(D) A 132 kV, three*phase,50 Hz overhead lins hasACSR.

(c) Discuss the effect ofreal power on system frequency. 4
conductors of equivalent oopper area 1.5 cm2 and
(d) Ditrerentiate between real power control and reactive effective diameter 39.8 mrn spaced equilaterally Brn
power control in an alternator. apart. Find line resistance, inductance and eapacitance
per km length. Also, find charging current per km per
3. (a) Derivethe swing equation. Define inertia constant. phase and charging MVAr perkm.Assume resistivity
(0) A generator, with constant excitation, supplies 30 MW as l.?3 x 10-8 f,l-m. 10

to an infinite bus through a line. The steady state limit

(c) Explain theterm'stringefliciency'. 4
is 60 MW. Find the ma:rimum sudden increase in
generator output which can be permitted without loss
7. (a) A 15 km long three-phase line has resistance of
ofstability. 6
5.31 CUphase and inductive reactance of 5.54 O/phase.
(c) Briefly discuss the techniques for stability improvement. I The sending end voltage is I I kV. The receiving end
load is l200kW at 0.Slagging powerfactor.Find
4. Writeshortnotesonthefollowing' 4x5 receiving end voltage and line current.
(a) Equal area criterion (D) How can a medium transmission line be represented
(6) Base load and peak load by nominal Icircuit ? Derive an'equation for sending
(c) Solarenerryutilisation end voltage andcurrentin terms of line parameten,
(d) TOD taritr receiving endvoltage and current. . l0
(c) What is meant by line regulation ? ,,
Group B
5. (c) WhyareACSRconductorsused intransmission 2 5
8. (a) Derive equations . for calcul ating A, B, C and D
(e) A 600 m span over a river has tw'o supports at the parameters of a line. l0
same level.The conductorweighs l2N/m and ice
load is 14 N/rn. The tension in the oonductor should not
(D) What is shunt cornpensation ? V/hy is it necessary ? 6

exceed 50,000 N. Find the sag. Derive the formula used. (c) What is surge impedance loading ? 4
5+5
S'l ri l,t)"$03{1464) {2l (Contiwed\ S'16:4F|,1: nitr..{0:l (!t{i,i) (3} i Iarru &ivo'r )

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Group C
9. .4.nswerth.efoilowinginbrief,: tS x ?
(0 Ferranti effect
ttii) Seriescompensation

(fd) Zeroregulationcondition

ttr,) Bundledeonductors

(v) Intersheathgrading

(v0 Steady state stability

(udf) Punped storage plant

(viii) Capacrty planning

(Ix) Advantages ofhydro plants

(r) toed forecasting

(4) -4fi* [SS0

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W'16 : 4 FN: EL 403 {1464,

POWER SYSTEM }

Time : Three hours

Maximam Marks ; 100
Answer FIVE questions, taking ANY TWO from Group A,
ANY Two from Group B and ALL from Group C.
Att parts of a question (a,b,etc.\ shoutd
be answered at one place.
Answer should be brief and to-the-point and be supplemented
with neat sketches. Unnecessary long answers may
result in loss of marks.
Any missing or wrong data be assumed suitably giving
.may
proper justification.
Figures on the right-hand side margin indicate full marks.
roup A
l. (a) What are the conventi.<lnal and non-conventional
enerry sources ? 4

(6) Which type of non-conventional enerry source is the

best suitable forrural and agricultural applications and
why ? Explain in detail. 2+4

(c) Discuss the important fhctors to be taken into account

while selecting the site for a thermal power station. 4
(r/) A residential consumer has t0 lamps of 40 W each
cormected at his premises" His demand is as follows :

From 12 rnidnight to 5 AM 40 W -
Fronr 5 AM to 6 Flvf *" t{o *oad
X;rom 6 PIU to 7 PM *- 320 W
,i'rerrn 7 IIM t+ S PM -- 360 W
d'r.;16 9 PM te 12, rniclnigtt i60 W
-
d Ttern f-Ar,,l li

71
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Plot the load curve. Find the average loacl, maninrrrnr

load, load factor and electrie energy consumlrl.ron (r); Discuss ttre s@ gwerning system which controls the
during the day" ?"r.n ;ip"*"t no* iitt" Po"tt tys*: 8

2. (er) Differentiate benreen fixed and operating costs of GPUP B

power plants" tist the itcms rr{rich q;ontribute to ttrc
flxed and operating costs" 4+ l 5. (a) whatareAcsRconductors and why 8r€ ttley pre@
ovetr *pp"i*"a*tott for overhead lines
? ,. 5

(D) Discuss the role of load factt:lr on the cost of electric

plag€
energJ" '4 (D) Name diffferent t,,pes of line supports with their

(c) What do you understand by TOD tariffi Explain. 4

(c) An overhead line with stranded coPper conductorc is
(d) A consumer has a maximum demand of 200 kW at strpported on two pot€s 2fi) m apsrt having a ditrerynce
40% load factor. The following tari,ff is offered : iniwet of l0 rneters. The conductor diamder is 2 cm
Rs. 6,000 per kW of max.imum dernand plus Rs. 6'00 and weight 2.3 kg per metne leng&. calculate tre sag
per kWh. Find the overall cost per k\Vh. 6 * o" lower suppoil under the conditions if wind
providcs a pressur€ of 57'5 kg per square-mche of
3. (a) Discuss whylrarnsient stability limit is lower than steady
state limit and a salient pole machine is mrlre stable
h" projcctei area and a factor of safety is 1. The
than a cylindrical rotor rnachine" 3+"3
,r*imirm tensile stnength of copper is4,220 ksp€r
squsrc Cm. 5+5
(D) Derive an expression f<rrthe nraxirnum power frausfcr
why is it used ?
'betweentwo nqles. Show thatthis power is maxiirnurn - what is a bundlcd conductor and
(a)
' In u/tat way the irdgc6ncc of e bundled conduc'tor
when X =, ff, where X is ihe reactance ancl R llre
resistance of the system. 3 -l' :1
line havingdupplex arrangement differ from that ofa
? :
l0
compocitc conductor
(c) Two tu.rboa.lternators rated for I I 0 MW and 2 10 I\,l W
have governor drop characteri:;tics of 5 per cent frtlm (D) Six conductors of a dorble-circuit trarym.ission tine are
no load to full load. They are {rorurected in parallel tu show in Fig. I : :

sharea load of 250 MW. Determine the load share.dby

each nrachine assuming free governor action" I
ia_
Y
4" (a) Explain the eftbct ofchange of excitation on the steady
state stability of a syu*hronous generator feedimg an
infurite bus.

(e) Explaln r-he equal area criteririn for the stahility r.rl'an
(i +_E:1+T
.alternatcrr supptying infinite bu.s har. via a.n indu<:tive
interconnector; $
Fig I
W'16:4 FN;HI" 40J f 1464) (2) l.Cantinucd\
W'16 :4 FN:EL 403 (1464) (3) ( Twn Over )

72
AMIE Study Material & Admission Packages AMIE(I) Study Circle, Roorkee www.amiestudycircle.com

(rr) Why is it advantageous to intercomnectvarious

The diameter of each conductor is 2.5 cm" Find the F)wer plant ?
capacitive reactance to neutral and the charging current
(re$ Why are industr,ia[ tariff monmal[y of tvr,er-irae;
per km per phase at 132 kV and 50 H4 assuming
tariffpaftern ?
that the line is regularly transposed" Neglectthe effect
of earttr. l0 (rv) What do you mcan by ACSR conduc'tors ?
1 . (a) Deduce the A, B, C, D constants of a ling with T (v) On what factors does the skin efteet deparxl ?
representation. 6
(rr) For long ffansmission system, why receiving end
(D) A 3-phase overhead transmission has a total series voltage is higher than that of'sendlng voltage
impedanceperphase of200/80" ohms and a total ")

shunt admittance of 0-00 13 Z9O'mho per phase. The (B) fuiswer any.four of che follewimg in bruef ; 4x ?l

line delivers a load of 80 MW at 0.8 pf lagging and

220 kY between the lines. Calculate
(4 Why is cE:,a[ pulven'ise.* ?

(0 the ABCD constants of the line (r0 What is elrawback of shunt capacltor wolta.ge
control ?
(r, the sending-end voltage, current and power fdctor
ofthe line, and ('rr0 What is rneant hy tarlff ?

(lir) the efficiency of transmission. 8+4+2 (rv) What are the adverse effect of eorona ?
8. (a) What do you understand by the term grading of (u) What is meant hy transpeisi'tion raf tfus lrne
cables ? Describe briefly any one method of grading. 8 conduetom ?
(b) A66kY single core metal sheathed cable is to be graded
by means of a metallic intersheath. Calculate the
diameter of the intersheath and the voltage at which it
must be maintained in orderto obtain minimum overall
cable diameter. The rnarimum voltage gradient atwhich
the insulating material can be worked is 60 kV/cm. 8

(c) Explain the function of series capacitor used in

transmission line.

Group C
9. (A) Write short answer of any fozr of the following : 4x3
(r) What is the effect of change in speed of one of
the two alternators operating in parallel ?
W'16:tt FN:EL,403 (146,U ( :r i AG--t.'rri(i
W'16:4 FN:EL 403 (1464) (4 ) (Continued)

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