ARTICLE III Section 19.

(1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel,

BILL OF RIGHTS Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall the death
an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous
Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty
without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua.
protection of the laws. must be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in (2) The employment of physical, psychological, or
writing and in the presence of counsel. degrading punishment against any prisoner or detainee or the use of
Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, (2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions
papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of other means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. shall be dealt with by law.
whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar
warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to forms of detention are prohibited. Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of
be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or (3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of a poll tax.
affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and this, or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against
particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or him. Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for
things to be seized. (4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for the same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance,
violations of this section as well as compensation to and rehabilitation conviction, or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another
Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication and correspondence of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families. prosecution for the same act.
shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public
safety or order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law. Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong,
preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
proceeding. released on recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail PREAMBLE
shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas ARTICLE I National Territory
Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required. ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles and State Policies
expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to ARTICLE III Bill of Rights
assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances. Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense ARTICLE IV Citizenship
without due process of law. ARTICLE V Suffrage
Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of (2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be ARTICLE VI Legislative Department
religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and presumed innocent until the contrary is proved and shall enjoy the right ARTICLE VII Executive Department
enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and ARTICLE VIII Judicial Department
or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and ARTICLE IX Constitutional Commissions
required for the exercise of civil or political rights. public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory ARTICLE X Local Government
process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of ARTICLE XI Accountability of Public Officers
Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed ARTICLE XII National Economy and Patrimony
limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has been ARTICLE XIII Social Justice and Human Rights
of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable. ARTICLE XIV Education, Science & Technology, Arts, Culture & Sports
interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be ARTICLE XV The Family
provided by law. Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be ARTICLE XVI General Provisions
suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion when the public ARTICLE XVII Amendments or Revisions
Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public safety requires it. ARTICLE XVIII Transitory Provisions
concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to
documents and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of PREAMBLE
decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies. We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in
policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such order to build a just and humane society and establish a Government
limitations as may be provided by law. Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common
himself. good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves
Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under
public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality,
for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. political beliefs and aspirations. and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
(2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except
Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly
just compensation. convicted.

Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be

passed.

Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and
adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason
of poverty.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8491
PERMANENTLY HOISTED •During the flag lowering: • Display the flag
flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and night throughout the - be lowered solemnly & slowly - in public any foreign flag, except in embassies & other diplomatic
year in the front of the following: - be down the mast at the sound of the last note of the anthem establishments & in offices of international organizations
- The Congress of the Philippines - Malacanang Palace - those in the assembly shall observed the same - any advertisement or infomercial
- Rizal Monument in Luneta - Supreme Court deportment/behavior as for the flag raising ceremony - in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens/foreigners
- Libingan ng mga Bayani - Aguinaldo Shrine in
- Barasoian Church in Malolos, Bulacan Kawit Cavite HALF MAST NATIONAL COAT-OF-ARMS
- all international Ports of Entry > sign of mourning on all buildings and places where it is display, - Paleways of 2 pieces, azure & gules; a chief argent studded with 3
It also be displayed in private buildings and residences or raised in on the day of the official announcement of the death mullets equidistant from each other; &, in point of honor, ovoid
the open-flag staff in front of the said buildings every: of any of the following officials: argent over all the sun rayonnant with eight minor lesser rays.
- April 9 (Araw ng Kagitingan) - May 1 (Labor Day) Beneath shall be the scroll with the words "REPUBLIKA NG
- May 28 (National Flag Day) - June 12 (Independence Day) - President/Former President of the Philippines (10 days) PILIPINAS” inscribed thereon
- Last Sunday of August (National Heroes Day) - TheVice President, Chief Justice, Senate President, &
- December 30 (Rizal Day) Speaker of the house of Representative (7 days) THE GREAT SEAL
- period from May 28 to June 12 of each year is declared as - Other persons to be determined by the institute for any period - shall be circular in form, with the arms as described in the
National Flag Days less than seven (x<7 days) preceding section, but without the scroll and the inscription
HALF-MAST RULE thereon, Surrounding the whole shall be a double marginal circle
• The flag if flown from a flagpole: top - must be raised to the top of the pole before it is lowered to the within which shall appear the words "Republika ng Pilipinas. For the
• If in the hanging position: right (left of the observer) half-mast position purpose of placing The Great Seal, the color of the arms shall not
BLUE field - peace RED field – war - before it is lowered for the day it must be raised to the top again be deemed essential but tincture representation must be used
• If on the stage or platform or government office: *national days of mourning *anniversaries of heroes - shall bear the National Motto
flag shall be at the left (facing the stage) or *national calamities *international solemnity, as
left of the office upon entering ordered by the president PENALTIES
• Philippine Flag is flown with another flag SECTION 48. Failure or refusal to observe the provisions of this Act;
- Philippine flag shall be hoisted first and lowered last and any violation of the corresponding rules and regulations issued
If both are national flags: CASKET by the Office of the President shall, after proper notice and hearing,
- flown on separate staffs: same height & equal size Flag may be used to cover the caskets of honored dead of the: be penalized by public censure which shall be published at least
If flag is not national flag: - Military - Veterans of previous war - National artist once in a newspaper of general circulation.
- below the latter & cannot be greater size than the Philippine flag - Civilian who have rendered distinguished service to the nation as
• When carried in a parade with flags, which are not national may be determined by the local government unit SECTION 50. Any person or judicial entry which violates any of the
flags, the Philippine flag shall be in front of the center of the line ‫٭‬white triangle at the head & blue portion to cover the right side provisions of this Act shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine
• A flag worn out through wear and tear ‫٭‬black band - wrapped at side of casket to prevent falling off of not less than 5,000.00 not more than 20,000 or by imprisonment
– don’t throw away; solemnly burned to avoid misuse/desecration ‫٭‬not be lowered to the grave or allowed to touch the ground for not more than 1 year, or both such fine and imprisonment, at
– be replaced immediately when it begins to wear & tear ‫ ٭‬folded solemnly & handed over to the heirs of the deceased the discretion of the court: Provided, That for any second and
additional offenses, both fine and imprisonment shall always be
CONDUCT OF FLAG RAISING CEREMONY imposed: Provided. That in case the violation is commited by a
•All government officer & educational institution shall observe: PROHIBITED ACTS juridical person, its President or Chief Executive Officer thereof
‫٭‬flag-raising ceremony – Monday morning • To mutilate, deface, defile, trample on, cast contempt, or shall be liable.
‫٭‬flag lowering ceremony – Friday afternoon (4:45pm) commit any act or omission casting dishonor or ridicule upon the
- simple & dignified - playing/singing Philippine National Anthem National Flag or over its surface
• To dip the flag to any person, object or by way of compliment or
• During the flag raising ceremony: salute
- assembly shall stand in formation racing the flag • To use National Flag on:
- everyone in the premises shall come to attention - Drapery, festoon, tablecloth - Staff or whip
- moving vehicles shall stop - Unveiling monuments - Design or trademarks
- all person present shall ace their right palms over their chest - As covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other objects
- those with hats shall uncover - Pennant in hood, side back and top of MV
- those in military, scouting, security guard & citizens military •Display the National Flag on:
training uniform shall give salute prescribed by their regulations - Under any painting or picture
- Below any flatform
‫٭‬assembly shall sing the Philippine National Anthem accompanied - cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling
by a band or available - To wear the flag in whole or in part as costume
‫ ٭‬at the first note, the flag shall be raised brisky - To add any word or figure or marks
‫ ٭‬same procedure when flag is passing in review or in parade - To print in handkerchiefs and napkins
 “THE NATURE OF DRUG AND DRUG ABUSE” DRUG ABUSE "CLASSIFICATION OF COMMONLY USED DRUGS"
DRUG — use of a licit or illicit chemical substance, which results in different kinds of drugs in field of illegal, legal & abused drug use
— chemical substance that influences the function of living cells physical, mental, or social impairment of an individual
— alters the body or mental processes when taken into the body licit - prescribed by doctor; legal 1. Depressants - known as "downers"
or applied through the skin illicit - prohibited by the government; illegal — act on and depress the central nervous system causing initial
relaxation that leads to sleep & drowsiness
How are drugs taken: Other products that are being abused: (a) Alcohol
• Ingestion - swallowing; absorbing • Injection - glue - fuel - paint thinners • Ethyl alcohol — main ingredient of all alcoholic drinks
• Inhalation - breathing in • Applied topically - other toxic (breathable) solvents contain dangerous chemicals — some liquor brands such as gin, whiskey, brandy, pilsen, & rum
• Used as suppository - inserted into the rectum are flavored to achieve the desired effect among
Common Causes of Drug Abuse alcoholics or trouble drinkers
ADDICTION • unhappy home, parents are showing no interest effects:
— isn't limited to alcohol & drugs • lack of parental values & guidance • Mild: skin flushing
— can be addicted to many items, like food, gambling, shopping, • domestic violence (verbal or physical) parents who make free • Severe: lowering inhibitions leading to:
or any of the items that hinder a healthy lifestyle use of alcohol & illegal drugs - poor social judgment - concentration problems
— when things come out of control: • peer pressure/encouragement - loss of coordination - lack of critical judgment
- they act compulsively, no matter what the consequences • curiosity or desire to experience - vision dulled perception - mood swings
- they become addicted regardless of triggering mechanism • escape from mental & physical pain - elevated blood pressure -passing out
- addiction can take over the entire life of one person. • relief from boredom & frustration - decreased core body temperature - vomiting
• desires to escape from harsh realities
DRUG ADDICTION or "drug dependence" • weak personality, common sense of self-esteem & self-worth (b) Sedative-Hypnotics - known as “mild tranquilizers”
— state of compulsive use of psychoactive substances — such medications are used in the treatment of epilepsy,
(drugs, narcotics, & chemicals) Effects of Drug Abuse insomnia, & anxiety
— use continues despite negative consequences • Malnutrition •Panic Reaction • Physical Damage effects:
(social, emotional, or physical harm) - drowsiness - dizziness & confusion
• Drugs — addictive & differ from substance to person Drug Abuse Preventing Measure - coordination - memory disturbances
• Person who is predisposed to addiction psychologically or 1. Exhaust all communication channels; talk to people you trust; - slower heart rate & breathing (worsened if combined w/ alcohol
genetically is much more likely to become addicted get free to open up & share your emotions & concerns - inncreased risk of falls & injuries
2. Learn how to cope with negative emotions by using sport, - worsening of symptoms of depression & anxiety
2 Forms of Drug Addiction music, meditation, & prayer as relaxation forms - impaired attention & judgement
a user may have either aspect of dependence but usually has both 3. Expand your horizons by seeking new interests, meeting new - mood fluctuations & inappropriate behavior
(1) Physical Dependency people, visiting new places & incorporating new - risk of dependency & addiction
— drug or substance is regularly used & the body becomes experiences into yourself - risk of death from overdose (deliberate or accidental)
accustomed to its effects 4. Allow yourself the chance to be everything you can be by
— user must continue to use the drug to feel normal since his finding & developing personality 2. Narcotics - known as "opiates or opioids,"
absence will trigger withdrawal symptoms 5. Develop family relationships; aim to build balanced, safe family — opium-derived drugs & their derivatives
Negative: drug/substance that is not prescribed by doctors life & content. Parents should lead a good example; — medicinal drugs that relieve pain, suppress cough, reduce
educate their kids & teach essential information about bowel movement, & induce psychological indifference
(2) Psychological dependency drug use
— drug is used regularly so mind has become emotionally 6. Establish a drug awareness program to teach the school's (a) Opium
dependent on its influence (feeling pleasure or relieving pain) students about the risks of drug violence — coagulated opium poppy juice used formerly as a pain reliever
— feeling of unable to function without it 7. Local leaders will coordinate & run programs to disseminate but replaced with morphine & codeine
— its absence gives rise to intense cravings, often brought on or information to prevent drug abuse. Organize a social & effects:
magnified with stress. leisure initiative which will act as a meaningful • short term: -euphoria -relaxation
alternative to drug abuse - analgesia - slower shallower breathing
When are drugs harmful? 8. Partner with officials to apprehend identified drug pushers & - lower heart rate -impaired reflexes
— any drug that is taken excessively disrupt the community-based drug base network - loss of appetite -temporary constipation
— certain drugs can also be harmful if taken in dangerous 9. Helping drug users in treatment & rehabilitation • regular use:
combinations or ordinary or even small amounts by a 10. Implement a direct, sincere, quick action, & hands-on - tolerance-having to use more to achieve the same result
hypersensitive (allergic) person. approach to the government to address the growing - irregular periods - difficulty of having children
menace of drug abuse - lack of sex drive - constipation - opium dependence
Why do people turn to drugs?
• medicines can solve problems • peer pressure (b) Morphine
• it gives enjoyment to users • used as an alcohol substitute — opium's primary alkaloid occurs in a crystalline white base & is
• widespread access to various drugs marketed as tablets & injectable solutions
effects: effects: effects:
- drowning - pain & cramps in the stomach - increased alertness - false sense of well-being - multiple effects on metabolism in body
- dry mouth - headache - nervousness •short-term: - activates the central nervous system → awake, energy boost
- changes in mood - difficulty/pain when urinating - insomnia -acne - sores
• severe side effects: - paranoia - hallucinations - aggressive behavior (f) Nicotine
- blue or purple skin color - chest pain •long-term: — poisonous alkaloid that is an active ingredient in tobacco &
- changes in heartbeat - swelling of the eyes - drug dependence - fatal kidney & lung disorders cigarettes. extracted from tobacco leaves
- restlessness - hallucinations - fever - possible brain damage - possible heart stroke — colorless but quickly turns brown when exposed to sunlight
- sweating - confusion - rapid heartbeat — has a burning, acrid flavor
- shivering - nausea -vomiting (b) Methamphetamine Hydrochloride - known as "shabu" effects:
- diarrhea - loss of appetite - weakness/dizziness — white, odorless crystalline powder with a bitter taste - sweating - nausea - diarrhea
- hives - rash - itching — Philippines’ most abused stimulant - reduced appetite - increased mood
- inability to get or keep an erection - seizures — administered by injection, inhalation, sniffing, or ingestion - increased heart rate - increased blood pressure
- irregular menstruation - extreme drowsiness effects: - improved memory -increased alertness
- decreased sexual desire - fainting - irritability -fear -anxiety - increased bowel activity
- face, mouth, lips or throat heaviness - loss of coordination - loss of appetite → loss of weight - schizophrenia - increased saliva & phlegm production
- breathing or swallowing difficulties - split personality → violent behavior
- severe muscle stiffness or twitching - hallucinations → paranoid psychosis → violent aggression 4. Hallucinogens - known as "psychedelics"
— a collection of natural or synthetic psychoactive substances
(C) Codeine (c) Ecstasy - party drugs that create a shift in the state of consciousness that
— an alkaloid that was extracted from morphine & used as an — synthetic drug similar to amphetamine triggers reactions, including perceptual alterations
analgesic mild — colored white, yellow, or brown with a bitter taste — create hallucinations or visions in the form of shapes & changes
effects: — comes in the form of tablets, capsules, or powders in various s of color in the appearance of the outside world, which
- dizziness - drowsiness - nausea tyles & shapes progress in replacing the actual reality with imaginary
- stomach pain - vomiting - constipation effects: beings & landscapes in extreme cases
- sweating - mild itching - rashes - insomnia - depression - paranoia
- dry mouth - flushing - nervousness - overwhelming feeling of wellbeing -increased confidence (a) Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
- shakiness - vertigo -weakness - users became sensation- seeking & sexually aggressive — a fungal-derived crystalline material that infects wheat or rye
- desire to be next to & in physical contact with other people — well known & most potent hallucinogen in the form of tablets,
(D) Heroine •long term: harms serotonin neurons in the brain gelatin, or impregnated paper took orally
— white crystalline narcotics synthesized from morphine & used — some effects are hallucinations, distorted visual awareness of
as a suppressant for coughing (d) Cocaine - known as "coke" shapes, colors, altered sounds, anxiety & depression,
effects: — alkaloids are derived from coca plant leaves, commonly used in hallucinations
• the short-term effects will deviate slightly based on the method minor surgery as local anesthetics, one of the shortest effects:
of delivery to the system & most potent stimulants • physical effects from person to peron are unpredictable
RUSH — most common immediate analgesic (pain-relieving) & — Commonly used by Hollywood celebrities & western rock • first effects are felt 30-45 minutes after it is taken by mouth
depressing effects of the central nervous system CRACK » a cheap, readily available type of smokable cocaine peak at 2 to 4 hours, & can last for 12 hours or more
— a sharp increase in: effects:
- heavy sensation in the extremities - intense feelings of pleasure → - euphoric - energetic (b) Mescaline - known as "STP"
- euphoric feelings - feelings of warmth & flushing - talkative - mentally alert — a product extracted from peyote cactus dried tops
- reduced feelings of pain - drowsiness • physical symptoms: effects:
- sedation - lethargy - higher blood pressure & body temperature • within 1-2 hours, mescaline effects tend to move hold
- accelerated heartbeat - pulse rate & breathing These effects will vary significantly based on:
3. Stimulants • large quantities (several hundred milligrams or more): - dose taken - other ingested drugs
— drugs used to stimulate alertness, boost mood, increase - intensify the "high" user - external stimuli - individual mental health
speech, mental and motor activity, alleviate tiredness - erratic, aggressive, & violent behavior - personality traits - history of drugs -stability
or boredom, & decrease appetite. - addictive, can cause death from overdose • physical effects:
- convulsions - heart failure - increased body temperature - loss of appetite
(a) Amphetamine - can damage the mucous membranes when snorted - heart rate increased - pupils dilated - shaking
— colorless liquid with an acrid taste & a mild odor - flushed skin - heavy sweating - dizziness
— stimulates the central nervous system considerably (e) Caffeine - lack of coordination - vomiting & nausea
— illicit drug most commonly used in the United States — active ingredient in coffee, tea, cola drinks
— used to constrict the blood flow & as a cure for headaches, (c) Psilocybin
diuretics, & extreme asthma care. — a mushroom-ingested hallucinogenic agent to achieve its effect
close to LSD & STP
effects: • rugby drugs & their derivatives, without having any therapeutic
- altered time - space perception - euphoria • gasoline, kerosene (gas) value or if the quantity possessed is far beyond therapeutic
requirements, as determined & promulgated by the board in
- nausea - anxiety -confusion • paint thinner, & solvent
accordance to section 93, article XI of this act
- dizziness - drowsiness - poor focus • nail polish & cuticle remover lighter fluid penalty:
- spiritual awakening - rapidly shifting feelings • fluorocarbons: » life imprisonment
- altered perception - dilated pupils - aerosol sprays - nasal sprays » fine ranging from P500,000 to P10,000,000
- unusual body sensations - yawning - organic isoamyl nitrite (popper) *If the quantity involved is less than the foregoing quantities, the
- frightening hallucinations - vomiting penalties shall be graduated as follows:
- muscle fatigue - lack of coordination DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES kinds of drugs grams penalty
- extreme shifts in mood & feeling - peacefulness 1. The Dangerous Drugs Board methamphetamine
10g to life imprisonment & a fine ranging
- visual alteration & distortion (such as light halos & bright colors) 2. Philippine National Police - Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) hydrochloride or
49g from P400,000 to P500,000
- derealization (sensation that the world is not real) 3. National Drug Law Enforcement & Prevention Coordinating shabu
- depersonalization Center (NDLEPCC) imprisonment of 20 years & 1 day
300g to to life imprisonment and a fine
(dreamlike sense of disengagement from the surroundings) 4. Philippine Center on Transnational Crime (PCTC) marijuana
499g ranging from P400,000 to
P500,000
(d) Phencyclidine (PCP) REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165 methamphetamine imprisonment of 20 years and 1
— considered threatening & highly dangerous drugs “Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002” hydrochloride or day to life imprisonment & a fine
5g to 9g
— can be easily synthesized with no human medical purpose but "shabu" or other ranging from P400,000 to
used by veterinarians as anesthetic & animal sedative UNLAWFUL ACTS AND PENALTIES dangerous drugs P500,000
here is a list of dissociative drug effects in general: • Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, imprisonment of 12 years & 1 day
below
• low-moderate doses: Distribution and Transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or marijuana to 20 years & a fine ranging from
300g
P300,000 to P400,000
- loss of coordination - disorientation - confusion Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals (SEC 5, RA 9165)
methamphetamine
-nausea & vomiting - dizziness -numbness penalty: imprisonment of 12 years & 1 day
hydrochloride or
- changes in sensory perception - hallucinations » life imprisonment below 5g to 20 years & a fine ranging from
"shabu" or other
P300,000 to 400,000
- increased blood pressure -increased heart rate » fine ranging P500,000 to P10,000,000 dangerous drugs
- rapid breathing rate - increased body temperature
- feelings of detachment from oneself & the environment • Maintenance Of a Den, Dive or Resort (SECTION 6, RA 9165) • Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other
• higher doses: → a place where any dangerous drug and/or controlled Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs. (SEC 12, RA 9165)
- hallucinations - loss of memory -physical pain precursor & essential chemical is administered, penalty:
- anxiety - hysteria - invulnerability delivered, stored for illegal purposes, distributed, sold » imprisonment ranging from 6 months & 1 day to 4yrs
- excessive force - violence - intense panic/fear & used in any form » fine ranging from P10,000—P50,000
- marked psychological distress penalty:
• other possible effects: » life imprisonment • Possession of Dangerous Drugs During Parties, Social Gatherings
- highly aggressive or abusive » fine ranging from P500,000 to P10,000,000 or Meetings—Any Person Found Possessing Any Dangerous Drug
- experience schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms During a Party, or at a Social Gathering or Meeting, or in the
• Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or Resort Proximate Company of At Least 2 Persons. (SEC 13, RA 9165)
(e) Marijuana - known as cannabis penalty: penalty:
— a moderate hallucinogenic product extracted from crushed » imprisonment of 12yrs & 1 day to 20 years » life imprisonment
leaves, flowering tops, & stems of the cannabis sativa » fine ranging from P100,000 to P500,000 » fine of P10,000,000
hemp plant, in central Asia & China » any employee of den, dive or resort, who is aware of the nature
— typically smoked/eaten for pleasure in juicing & folk medicine of the place as such • A Person Apprehended or Arrested, Who is Found to be Positive
effects: For Use of Any Dangerous Drug, After a Confirmatory Test, Shall
• users describe the feeling of smoking marijuana as: • Possession of Dangerous Drugs (SEC 11, RA 9165) be Imposed a Penalty of a Minimum of 6 Months Rehabilitation in
- relaxed - happy (1) 10 grams or more of opium a Government Center for The First Offense. If Apprehended Using
- generally having a gay mood - enhances tense feelings (2) 10 grams or more of morphine; Any Dangerous Drug for The Second Time (SEC 15, RA 9165)
- intense situations - it makes them fall asleep (3) 10 grams or more of heroin; penalty:
(4) 10 grams or more of cocaine hydrochloride;
» imprisonment ranging from 6 years & 1 day to 12yrs
(5) 50 grams or more of methamphetamine hydrochloride or "shabu"
5. Inhalants (6) 10 grams or more of marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil, » fine ranging from P50,000 to P200,000
— substances that are not usually considered to be medicinal (7) 500 grams or more of marijuana; and
products but have great potential for misuse (8) 10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs such as, but not • Criminal Liability of Government Officials and Employees
— inhaled or sniffed to produce a state of intoxication for their limited to, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDA) (SEC 28, RA 9165)
psychoactive (mind/mood-altering) effects or "Ecstasy”, Paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA), penalty:
— effects can be felt instantly & last for 45 minutes, & the central Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), Lysergic Acid » life imprisonment
nervous system becomes depressed Diethylamine (LSD), Gamma Hydroxyamphetamine
» absolute perpetual disqualification from any public
(GHB), & those similarly designed or newly introduced
office
 ENVIRONMENT SOLID WASTES » wastes that are not liquid or gaseous and reusable wastes: Provided, That the collection of non-
GREEN UNIVERSITY » an educational institution that meets its » material such as household garbage, food wastes, yard wastes, recyclable materials and special wastes shall be the responsibility
need for natural resources (such as energy, water, and materials) and demolition or construction debris of the municipality or city.
without compromising the ability of people in other countries as » all the discarded solid materials from municipal, industrial, and Section 11. Provincial Solid Waste Management Board
well as future generations to meet their own needs agricultural activities — a provincial solid waste management board shall be
established in every province, to be chaired by the governor.
This definition requires your university to strive towards the CHAPTER 1: BASIC POLICIES
following goals: Section 1. Short Title CHAPTER 3: COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
• all students get in touch with sustainability topics through their — this act shall be known as the "Ecological Solid Waste
studies or extra-curricular activities Management Act of 2000" Section 16. Local Government Solid Waste Management Plan
• zero waste by maximising recycling, composting leftover food,
reusing water, or purchasing cradle-to-cradle products Section 2. Declaration of Policies Section 21. Mandatory Segregation of Solid Waste
• zero CO2 emissions by purchasing renewable energy, promoting — ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, — LGUs shall evaluate alternative roles for the public and private
public transport or insulating buildings treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation sectors in providing collection services, type of collection system,
• maximum biodiversity by purchasing organic food, creating and adoption of the best environmental practice in ecological or combination of systems, that best meet their needs: Provided,
campus gardens or banning toxic chemicals — ensure the protection of the public health and environment That segregation of wastes shall primarily be conducted at the
— encourage greater private sector participation in solid waste source, to include household, institutional, industrial, commercial
WASTE MANAGEMENT » collecting and treating solid wastes management and agricultural sources
» all about how solid waste can be — encourage cooperation and self-regulation among waste
changed and used as a valuable resource generators through the application of market-based instruments Section 37. Prohibition Against the Use of Open Dumps for Solid
Waste
ADVANTAGES OF WASTE MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 2: INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM — No open dumps shall be established and operated, nor any
• keeps the environment clean and well ordered » this kind of Section 4. National Solid Waste Management Commission practice or disposal of solid waste by any person, including LGUS,
waste management disposal units can make the people go disease which constitutes the use of open dumps for solid wastes, be
free GOVERNMENT SECTOR: allowed after the effectivity of this Acts: Provided, that within 3
• can help to earn money » every used bottle and tin cans can sell - DOST - DENR - DILG - DPWH - DA years after the effectivity of this Act, every LGU shall convert its
to junk shops to earn - MMDA - DOH - DTI - TESDA - PIA open dumps into controlled dumps
• reduce environmental pollution - League of Provincial Governors
- League of City Mayors League of Municipal Mayors CHAPTER 4: INCENTIVES
DISADVANTAGES OF WASTE MANAGEMENT - Association of Barangay Council Section 45. Incentives
• solid waste management are often dangerous » highly (a) rewards, monetary or otherwise, shall be provided to
susceptible to bacterial growth and fungal that can cause or PRIVATE SECTOR: individuals, private organizations and entitles, including non-
leading to a various diseases - a representative from non-government organizations (NGOs) government organizations, that have undertaken outstanding and
• costly » solid waste management can easily earn money but this - a representative from the recycling industry innovative projects, technologies, processes and techniques or
process needs a lot of money - a representative from the manufacturing or packaging industry activities in re-use, recycling and reduction. Said rewards shall be
sourced from the Fund herein created.
METHODS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT Section 7. National Ecology Center
• SANITARY LANDFILL — garbage is basically spread out in thin — there shall be established a National Ecology Center under the (b) an incentive scheme is hereby provided for the purpose of
layers, compressed and covered with soil or plastic foam Commission which shall provide consulting, information, training, encouraging LGUs, enterprises, or private entities, including
• INCINERATION — burning of solid wastes at high temperatures and networking services for the implementation of the provisions NGOs, to develop or undertake an effective solid waste
until the wastes are turned into ashes of this Act management, or actively participate in any program geared
• RECOVERY AND RECYCLING - process of taking useful but (a) facilitate training and education in integrated ecological solid towards the promotion thereof as provided for in this Act.
discarded items for next use waste management
• COMPOSTING — due to lack of adequate space for landfills, (b) promote the development of recycling market through the CHAPTER 5: FINANCING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
biodegradable yard waste is allowed to decompose in a medium establishment of national recycling network that will enhance the Section 46. Solid Waste Management Fund
designed for the purpose opportunity to recycle
Section 45. There is hereby created, as a special account in the
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003: ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE Section 10. Role of LGU in Solid Waste Management National Treasury, a Solid Waste Management Fund to be
MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000 — pursuant to the relevant provisions of R. A. No. 7160, administered by the Commission.
» an act providing for an ecological solid waste management otherwise known as the "Local Government Code" the LGUs shall Such fund shall be sourced from the following: cralaw (a) Fines
program, creating the necessary institutional mechanisms and be primarily responsible for the implementation and enforcement and penalties imposed, proceeds of permits and licenses issued by
incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and providing of the provisions of this Act within their respective jurisdictions the Department under this Act, donations, endowments, grants
penalties, appropriating funds therefore, and for other purposes and contributions from domestic and foreign sources.
» passed by the Congress and Senate on 2000 — segregation and collection of solid waste shall be conducted at
» signed by the President on January 26, 2001 the Barangay level specifically for biodegradable, compostable
CHAPTER 6: PROHIBITED ACTS | FINES AND PENALTIES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Importation of toxic wastes misrepresented as "recyclable" or
Section 48. Prohibited Acts "with recyclable content"
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13. Transport and dump log in bulk of collected domestic,
1. Littering, throwing, dumping of waste matters in public places, industrial, commercial, and institutional wastes in areas other
such as roads, sidewalks, canals, esteros or parks, and than centers or facilities prescribe under this Act;
establishment, or causing or permitting the same:
• Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (12) and (13) shall, upon
• Any person who violates Sec. 48 paragraph (1) shall, upon conviction, be punished with a fine not less than P10,000 but not
conviction, be punished with a fine of not less than P300 but not more than P200,000 or imprisonment of not less than 30 days
more than P1,000 or render community service for not less than but not more than 3 years, or both;
1 day to not more than 15 days to an LGU where such prohibited ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
acts are committed, or both; 14. Site preparation, construction, expansion or operation of
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- waste management facilities without an Environmental
2. Undertaking activities or operating, collecting or transporting Compliance Certificate required pursuant to Presidential Decree
equipment in violation of sanitation operation and other No. 1586 and this Act and not conforming with the land use plan
requirements or permits set forth in established pursuant of the LGU;
3. The open burning of solid waste 15. The construction of any establishment within 200 meters
from open dumps or controlled dumps, or sanitary landfill; and
• Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (2) and (3), shall, upon 16. The construction or operation of landfills or any waste
conviction be punished with a fine of not less than P300 but not disposal facility on any aquifer, groundwater reservoir, or
more than P1,000 or imprisonment of not less than 1 day but to watershed area and or any portions thereof.
not more than 15 days, or both;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (14), (15) and (16) shall,
4. Causing or permitting the collection of non-segregated or upon conviction, be punished with a fine not less than P100,000
unsorted wastes; but not more than P1,000,000 or imprisonment, or both.
5. Squatting in open dumps and landfills; not less than 1 year but not more than 6 years
6. Open dumping, burying of biodegradable or non biodegradable ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
materials in flood prone areas;
7. Unauthorized removal of recyclable material intended for
collection by authorized persons; Section 55. The Commission shall, in coordination with DECS,
TESDA, CHED, DILG and PIA, conduct a continuing education and
• Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (4), (5), (6) and (7) shall, information campaign on solid waste management
upon conviction, be punished with a fine of not less than P1,000 — Aim to develop public awareness of the ill-effects of and the
but not more than P3,000 or imprisonment of not less than 15 community-based solution on solid waste management.
days but to not more than 6 months, or both; Concentrate on activities which are feasible and which will have
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- the greatest impact on solid waste problem on the country, like
8. The mixing of source-separated recyclable material with other resource conservation and recovery, recycling, segregation at
solid waste in any vehicle, box, container or receptacle used in source, re-use, reduction, and composting of solid waste.
solid waste collection or disposal;
9. Establishment or operation of open dumps as enjoined in this Section 57. Business and Industry Role
Act, or closure of said dumps in violation of Sec. 37; — The commission shall encourage commercial and industrial
10. The manufacture, distribution or use of non-environmentally establishments, participate and invest in integrated ecological
acceptable packaging materials; solid waste management projects to manufacture environment-
11. Importation of consumer products packaged in friendly products, to introduce develop and adopt innovative
non-environmentally acceptable materials process that shall recycle and re-use materials, conserve raw
materials and energy, reduce waste, and prevent pollution and to
• Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars (8), (9), (10) and (11) for undertake community activities to promote and propagate
the first time shall, upon conviction, pay a fine of P500,000 plus effective solid waste management practices.
and amount not less than 5% but not more than 10% of his net
annual income during the previous year.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 International Human Rights • ARTICLE 5 • ARTICLE 14
Universal Declaration of Human Rights » no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or (a) everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries
HUMAN RIGHTS degrading treatment or punishment asylum from persecution
» inherent to all human beings (regardless of race, sex, nationality,
ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status) • ARTICLE 6 (b) this right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions
» include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and » everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to
torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and before the law the purposes and principles of the United Nations
education, and many more
» everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination • ARTICLE 7 • ARTICLE 15
» all are equal before the law and are entitled without any (a) everyone has the right to a nationality
TYPES OF DISCRIMINATION discrimination to equal protection of the law
• Age Discrimination » all are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in (b) no one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied
• Disability Discrimination violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such the right to change his nationality
• Sexual Orientation discrimination
• Status as a Parent • ARTICLE 16
• Religious Discrimination • ARTICLE 8 (a) men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race,
• National Origin » everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a
• Pregnancy national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during
• Sexual Harassment him by the constitution or by law marriage and at its dissolution.
• Race, Color, and Sex
• ARTICLE 9 (b) marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full
PREAMBLE » no one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile consent of the intending spouses
"We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of
Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and • ARTICLE 10 (c) the family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society
establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and » everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by and is entitled to protection by society and the State
aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his
patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him • ARTICLE 17
of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime (a) everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in
of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and • ARTICLE 11 association with others
promulgate this Constitution." (a) everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be
presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public (b) no one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property
trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his
30 ARTICLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS defense • ARTICLE 18
• ARTICLE 1 » everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and
» all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights (b) no one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief,
» they are endowed with reason and conscience and should act any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in
towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood national or international law, at the time when it was committed. public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching,
Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was practice, worship and observance
• ARTICLE 2 applicable at the time the penal offence was committed
» everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this • ARTICLE 19
Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, • ARTICLE 12 » everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this
language. religion, political or other opinion, national or social » no one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and
origin, property, birth or other status privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any
» furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the honor and reputation media and regardless of frontiers
political jurisdictional or international status of the country or » everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such
territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, interference or attacks • ARTICLE 20
trust, non-self-governing or under anvy other limitation of (a) everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and
sovereignty • ARTICLE 13 association
(a) everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence
• ARTICLE 3 within the borders of each state (b) no one may be compelled to belong to an association
» everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person
(b) everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own,
• ARTICLE 4 and to return to his country
» no one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave
trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
• ARTICLE 21 • ARTICLE 26
(a) everyone has the right to take part in the government of his (a) everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at
country, directly or through freely chosen representatives least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary
education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional
(b) everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his education shall be made generally available and higher education
country shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.

(c) the will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of (b) education shall be directed to the full development of the
government, this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human
elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding,
be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious
groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the
• ARTICLE 22 maintenance of peace.
» everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security
and is entitled to realization, through national effort and (c) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that
international co-operation and in accordance with the organization shall be given to their children
and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural
rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his • ARTICLE 27
personality (a) everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of
the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific
• ARTICLE 23 advancement and its benefits
(a) everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment,
to just and favorable conditions of work and to protection against (b) everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and
unemployment material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic
production of which he is the author
(b) everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay
for equal work • ARTICLE 28
» everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which
(c) everyone who works has the right to just and favorable the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully
remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence realized
worthy of human dignity. and supplemented, if necessary, by other
means of social protection • ARTICLE 29
(a) everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free
(d) everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the and full development of his personality is possible
protection of his interests
(b) in the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be
• ARTICLE 24 subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for
» everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights
limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of
morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic
• ARTICLE 25 society
(a) everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the
health and wellbeing of himself and of his family, including food, (c) these rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary
clothing, and housing and medical care and necessary social to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment,
sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood • ARTICLE 30
in circumstances beyond his control » nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any
State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to
(b) motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and
assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall freedoms set forth herein
enjoy the same social protection.
 Leadership Training • POWER comes from different SOURCES and GUIDELINES TO ACHIEVE LEADERSHIP
Leadership Definition and Nature Qualities of Good Leader can be CLASSIFIED as follows: • 1. practice discipline
1. Legitimate Power (Position Power) 2. know yourself
• Introduction » delegated from a higher authority in formal organizations 3. learn to follow
- What is leadership all about? » a president who determines the overall direction of the 4. be mentally alert
- What are the bases of being a good leader? organization has legitimate power 5. develop situational awareness
- How to choose the right person for the right position? 2. Referent Power (Charismatic Power) 6. inspire and empower your teammates
» comes from the personal qualities of a leader 7. keep learning
• Objectives 3. Expert Power (Knowledge Power) 8. learn to adjust to change
when you have successfully completed these lessons, » arises from a person's specialized knowledge and information
you will be able to: about certain situations LEADER BOSS
- Identify your leadership skills; coaches subordinates drives subordinates
- Identify the qualities of a good leader; LEADERSHIP STYLES depends on goodwill depends on authority
- Define leadership; and 1. Autocratic Leaders generates enthusiasm inspires fear
- Assess your style of leadership » centralize power and decision making in themselves says "we" says "I"
fixes the breakdown places blame for the breakdown
LEADERSHIP shows how it is done knows how it is done
» art of a motivating group of people to act toward achieving a
develops people uses people
common goal. This means directing your subordinates or followers
gives credit takes credit
with a strategy to meet their goals 2. Participative Leaders
asks commands
» Bass (1981) defined leadership as "influence" » also called Democratic Leaders
says "let's go" says "go"
it is the art of influencing people for them to strive willingly and
enthusiastically toward the achievement of the group's goal
» example:
an orchestra leader whose function is to produce coordinated
sound and correct tempo through the integrated effort of the
musicians 3. Laizze's Faire or Free-rein Leaders
» avoid power and responsibilities
• SYSTEM VIEW OF LEADERSHIP
» the idea of leadership as a system of interacting elements

QUALITIES OF A GOOD LEADER

1. Determination
2. Flexibility
NATURE OF LEADERSHIP 3. Resourcefulness
» Leadership derives from the power and is similar to, 4. Creativity
yet different from management 5. Self-confidence
» Leadership is essential for managing 6. Positive Attitude / Optimism
» Leadership and motivation are interconnected 7. Responsibility
» Leaders must co-exist with the subordinates or followers 8. Good Communication Skills
» Leadership is concerned with values 9. Consistency / Reliability / Accountability
10. Planning Ahead
LEADERSHIP & THE USE OF POWER 11. Patience
» ability to influence the behavior of others to bring about 12. Being Objective
desired outcomes 13. Perceptive
» you are considered to have power if you can change the
behavior and attitudes of other individuals
» the central element of leadership
» without the presence of power, leadership will collapse
» people wants to lead, she/he need to use the power
 "SELF-AWARENESS AND VALUES EDUCATION" • HUMAN RELATION
» understanding the essence of people and their interaction
• FOCUS OF THE LESSON
- definition of self-awareness MOST SIGNIFICANT POINTERS ON HUMAN RELATIONS
- importance and benefits of self-awareness - the golden rule
- human relations - respect the human personality
- developing Filipino values - no one is perfect
- roots of the Filipino character/ understanding - all things changes
- strength and weakness of Filipino character - the use of words
- sincerity
• SELF-AWARENESS - humility
» ability to focus on yourself and how your actions, thoughts, or
emotions do or don't align with your internal standards DEVELOPING FILIPINO VALUES
• FAMILY » one of the sources of our strength and weaknesses as
TWO TYPES OF SELF-AWARENESS an individual. It gives us security when we are at home. Children
1. Public Self Awareness are not expected to leave the house of their parents until they get
2. Private Self Awareness married themselves; and even after that, many couples chose to
live with or near their parents or their spouses. They are often
IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF AWARENESS supposed to take care of their elderly parents.
SELF-AWARENESS
» research indicates that when we look inward, we can clarify our Roots of the Filipino Character/Understanding
values, thoughts, feelings, behaviors, strengths, and weaknesses.
We are able to recognize the effect that we have on others. Things we should know about Filipino Values:
(research of Eurich Group) - the family home environment
- social environment
Ways to develop self-awareness and practice it - educational system
- envision yourself - religion
- ask the "what" questions - the economic environment
- use your brain - mass media
- ask others about their perception of you - leadership and role models
- keep a journal
- practice mindfulness STRENGTHS OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER
- pakikipagkapwa-tao
BENEFITS OF SELF-AWARENESS - family orientation
• it gives us the power to influence outcomes - joy and humor
• it helps us to become better decision-makers it gives us more self- - flexibility, adaptability, creativity
confidence. so, as a result, we communicate with clarity and - hard work and industry
intention - faith and religiosity
• it allows us to understand things from multiple perspectives - ability to survive
• it frees us from our assumptions and biases
• it helps us build better relationships WEAKNESS OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER
• it gives us a greater ability to regulate our emotions - extreme personalism
• it decreases stress - extreme family centeredness
• it makes us happier - lack of discipline
JOHARI'S WINDOW - passivity and lack of initiative
- colonial mentality
- kanya-kanya syndromes
- lack of self-analysis and self-reflection
- filipino indolence
- mañana habit
- the fiesta syndrome