DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH
A. Pengertian Direct and Indirect
Direct speech ialah kata-kata atau kalimat yang diucapkan langsung dari si
pembaca, kalimat tersebut tidak diubah atau ditambah.
Indirect speech adalah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk menyampaikan pernyataan
orang lain.
Example:
D : She says, “I’m very good in english”
I : She says that he is very good in english.
Jika dilihat pada kalimat direct speech (kalimat langsung), terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik
yaitu terdapat pada tanda petik (“). Tanda tersebut merupakan cara yang sering digunakan untuk
membedakan mana yang direct atau yang indirect. Ketika kalimat direct speech tersebut dirubah
menjadi kalimat indirect speech, tanda petik tersebut dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata
that atau to.
B. Perubahan dalam Direct and Indirect Speech
1. Adverb of time ( keterangan waktu) and Adverb of place (keterangan tempat).
Direct Indirect
Now Then
Today That day
Tomorrow The next day, the day after, the following
day
Next .... The ... after, the following...
Last ..... The ... before, the previous ...
.... ago .... before
Yesterday The day before
The day before yesterday Two days before
Here There
This That
These Those
Example:
Direct : He told me: “ I went to malang yesterday”.
Indirect : He told me that he had gone to malang the previous day.
2. Pronoun and Possesive
direct Indirect
I He / she
You Me / he / she / them / I / her / him
my His / her
Our Their / our
Your My / his / her
We They
Example:
Direct : Bella said me: “I go to campus everyday”
Indirect : Bella said me that she went to campus everyday.
3. Tenses
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Simple Present (V1) Simple Past (V2)
Lika said: “I go to school today”. Lika said that she went to school that
day.
Present Continuous (V1+ing) Past Continuous (V1+ing)
John said: “I am studying english now”. John said that he was studying english
then.
Present Perfect(S+have/has+V2) Past Perfect (S+had+V3)
Anggi said: “I have read your letter” Anggi said that she had read your letter.
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
(S+have/has+been+V1+ing) (S+have/has+been+V1+ing)
Hilmy said: “I have been waiting for Hilmy said that he had been waiting for
ages”. ages.
Past Simple (S+V2) Past Perfect (S+had+V3)
Ary said me: “I drank white coffee Ary said me that he had drunk white
today”. coffee that day.
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Father told me: “I was sick yesterday”. Father told me that he had been sick
that they before.
C. Penggunaan Direct and Indirect
1. Statement (kalimat pernyataan)
Pada umumnya direct statetment menggunakan kata kerja (say, tell, said, told, dll).
Sedangkan indirect statement, kata that (bahwa) digunakan sebagai penghubung antara kalimat
pengantar (he said, she said to me, he told me, she says, dll) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan.
Example:
D : He said, “I have seen the movie”.
I : He said that he had seen the movie
2. Command (kalimat perintah)
a. Positive Command
Direct (Verb 1)
“Come in, please.” Said dony
Indirect (To + Verb 1)
Dony said her to come in.
b. Negative Command
Direct (Don’t + Verb 1)
“Don’t open the door!.”
Indirect (Not + to +Verb 1)
He told me not to open the door.
3. Question/ Interrogative (pertanyaan)
a. Yes, No Question Pertanyaan yang diawali kata bantu seperti is, am, are, was, were, do, does,
did, has, have, had,dll.
Dalam Yes/ No Question, Indirect Speech dimulai dengan if/wheter (apakah).
Present tense Past tense
Direct : “Are you sail today?.”
Indirect: Diana asked me, wheter sailed that day.
Past tense Past perfect tense
Direct : “can you drove this motorcycle?.”
Indirect: Shanty asked wheter I could driven to motorcycle.
b. Question word Pertanyaan yang diawali dengan what, why, where, who, when, how (5W1H)
Present tense Past tense
Direct : “where does margaret live?.”
Indirect : Diana wanted to know where Margaret lived.
Past tense Past perfect tense
Direct : “who opened the seminar yesterday?.”
Indirect : He wanted to know who had opened seminar the day before.
