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如何學寫 C 程式

The document appears to contain corrupted or nonsensical text, making it difficult to extract coherent information. It includes fragments of programming syntax and print statements, possibly related to coding examples. Overall, the content lacks clarity and structure, rendering it largely unintelligible.

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hilbert214
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6 views13 pages

如何學寫 C 程式

The document appears to contain corrupted or nonsensical text, making it difficult to extract coherent information. It includes fragments of programming syntax and print statements, possibly related to coding examples. Overall, the content lacks clarity and structure, rendering it largely unintelligible.

Uploaded by

hilbert214
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A¢.

¶ C P

A¢.¶ C P
 ã 2007-03-30

× : .ïÝ.êæ(
E&9P. ã¶PΜlsÝׯ .ï??3«E½×͍Ž
ÝPÞê` uà#¸à×݉ü ©Š\T2ð×°` ~ތÕ PX
Š•î݌nÀΝ|Ռ¼ ¬uΊ;àPD¼׌Õ^µïT ǑŠÝ℄
Pƕ J??µΣ‚×/¯ «{\ŽXǑÝM»P°£‚ŠQ2|PDÝ
℄P¨Œ¼ Ëï Àb×ða- P°#=3×R .ïÀÎ3N×gP
ƕG†”½T Q‚œ52 TÀÎ3¶ì Enter "¡Ÿ ÓÜ #ì
¼XŠ«EݵÎPMP¼Ýt©M» (debugging) ¿\2åy½ÇKڃi
« ××ݤ Ǒ¼ð°0Œý0ÝPD Ǒ|;¶P &P3
¥±_ˡƕ Ñ݌nµº•î3ÇKî

Þ : FÙ'˜ÈÝßF
E×ÍǑ.?P'ŒÝ. FÙîݘȵÎYê ÿû Yê 9Ë
.ê℄PµÎTDÄ\2YêÆbÝP ÿû€ßÝP Yê±ÝPÞ
ê |¾ÕºŠ•ã¶PÝæ 9øÝ.êÄA!©Ýñ× .ï6
Š3\2W5 )Q6¹½â~ºWÝ*F t¡bW Q‚œ52
jî9ó.ïÝ*T??3.lÝÏ×gŽ¡µǑ´ Œ P'Œ
&Ý´?ï ŠhǑΟª .êP ~Þ"DÍæ. |DÆÕFÙݘ
È 4QæJÎÑÝ ¬¬^bèº×ǘ Ýb[.ê℄° GΊO
.ïDÄ\2Yê¼ǑP'ŒÝB™ ‚P'ŒÝ℄°J6ã.˜
xçÿ AhÊTˆÝ.ߊQµº‹ZŒ  9Ë^b×ǘ Ý.ê℄
P¼Sr.ï áP'ŒÝt& ŠQΜ"U ÑÎ|ìXŠŠXÝ

ë : ℄ºì
3ÑP+Û.ê℄°G ´6ŠÝŠËÍP'ŒÝ Íà° E.
P'ŒÝxŠi"Î3áA¢ÞTà®Þ»|PÝ℄ºìP‚
×Í.ï.ºÝA¢3Pþà℄ºìP JµáÆ2» P'
ŒÝ ̀Î.ÕÝP+°©Î9¡FT‚z ;ðpŀ
³.ó. 1
A¢.¶ C P

×¼1 PÝ℄ºÇ‚½ ¥Æ• 9óÝP;ðºà℄º¼¥


ƕذP 9Îé\t<ÝI  ‹yìPJ΂ ƕÝ5ü 
îPÞã×ÀPóCÍ×ƕ I ÝP'ŒKÎã9ËË ÍP
à°|!Ý℄Pà)‚W
℄º3 C P+Žb 3 Ë 5½ for while  do {...} while |¸à
—¼1 Ï×Ë ªÝÜW GËːl8‡ »A u A B C  D ‚
×°B– Í B ì¾\P J
for ( A ; B ; D ) {
C ;
}

8 y
A ;
while ( B ) {
C ;
D ;
}

9ËË℄º. Ý B ì¾\B– ƒ ¸ÿPà#®Ò℄º CW D


×gKÎƕÕ ¬9˨鬺sß3t¡×Ë do { ...} while ℄º
î »A
do {
A ;
} while ( B ) ;

ãyì¾\P B 3 A P¡ .h A ‹Kºƕ×g®Ò℄º h


² uP63℄ºÝB–è\®Ò℄º J|¸à break B–
‹y C ݐìPxŠÎã if ͈ßÝ if ... else ... ‡‡àW »A
if ( A ) B ; if ( A ) if ( A1 )
B1 ; B1 ;
else else if ( A2 )
B2 ; B2 ;
else
B3 ;

̀$b´KàÝ switch  ()?():() ºÕP ¡ïÝà°ŽöÝ if ... else


... 8  »A 
if ( A )
B1 ; ( A ) ? ( B1 ) : ( B2 ) ;
else
B2 ;

2 ³.ó.
A¢.¶ C P

 B2 t? Ž×B– ()?():() tð'TP×R¸à »A|ìÎ


B1
à¼' i Ýó u i y 0 J' 0 ÍJ; 10 :
i = ( i < 0 ? 0 : 10 ) ;

uà if ℄P¼¶ JŠ¶W
if ( i < 0 )
i = 0 ;
else
i = 10 ;

|îXàÝ C +°KÎt ÍÝ/ 93XbÝ'hÍKbÞÝ1€


° : ˜xPP'Œ
XÛݘxPP'ŒÇÎ×Ë|tŽÝPlP ×M×MÝÞPD˜xŒ
¼ 39˘xPP t&•‚|Œ ÍJ¬à℄ºìP Ü»¼1
|ìÝPÎà¼ŒÕ 1 Õ 10 Ýóõ
int sum = 0 ;
sum = sum + 1 ; sum = sum + 3 ; sum = sum + 5 ;
sum = sum + 7 ; sum = sum + 9 ;
printf( "%d\n" , sum ) ;

uŠ 1 Õ 9  ÝóC v3N 3 óC¡®×• J¶W


printf( "%d " , 1 ) ; printf( "%d " , 2 ) ; printf( "%d " , 3 ) ;
printf( "\n" ) ;
printf( "%d " , 4 ) ; printf( "%d " , 5 ) ; printf( "%d " , 6 ) ;
printf( "\n" ) ;
printf( "%d " , 7 ) ; printf( "%d " , 8 ) ; printf( "%d " , 9 ) ;
printf( "\n" ) ;

×2
printf( "*" ) ; printf( "\n" ) ;
printf( "*" ) ; printf( "*" ) ; printf( "\n" ) ;
printf( "*" ) ; printf( "*" ) ; printf( "*" ) ; printf( "\n" ) ;

.ït?3ŒÕüî㶘xPP Äý~ZCE„ vZC ŠH^ |


¹SRý: 3㶘xPP` ©ŠíŒÝ£℄|5ï |õ`Ñ팣
℄ ÝE„ |¹ǑPݐӗ !`AŒ3ã¶Ä uÆB|:Œ
PB– Ý!ŸP J¸à ... ¢|;6` 
9øÝP ^bߺ ©Šb\T NÍßK|ÞPD¶Œ¼ ¬9
 P'Œ P'Œ6Š0ŒPDÝ!JP Ǒð°ÞÍà℄ºÝ℄P;¶
¸ÿP´ 
³.ó. 3
A¢.¶ C P

" : ã˜xPPŒs
˜xPÝP4QŽ Qr-Ä 9øÝPP°Ì P'Œ ¬˜x
PPÅÎ .ïèºÝ×ÍP'% .ïqAhP'% 5—B–
Ý8nP Þ×°£℄|Ê ÝŽóã‚ 0ŒŽóݎ;℄P |ì躿ͻ
Ǒ|1€
 Üܶ°
9 ÎNÍ.ïKº¶ÕÝP ÎBð®ÝPÞê &ÆÞ|˜xP℄
° ÞhPD¶Œ¼
˜xPÜܶ°
//Ï× : 1x1=1 1x2=2 1x3=3 ... 9x1=9
printf( "%2d x %2d = %2d " , 1 , 1 , 1 ) ;
printf( "%2d x %2d = %2d " , 2 , 1 , 2 ) ;
...
printf( "%2d x %2d = %2d " , 9 , 1 , 9 ) ;
printf( "\n" ) ;

//ÏÞ : 1x2=2 2x2=4 3x2=6 ... 9x2=18


printf( "%2d x %2d = %2d " , 1 , 2 , 2 ) ;
printf( "%2d x %2d = %2d " , 2 , 2 , 4 ) ;
...
printf( "%2d x %2d = %2d " , 9 , 2 , 18 ) ;
printf( "\n" ) ;

...

//ÏÜ : 1x9=9 2x9=18 3x9=27 ... 9x9=81


printf( "%2d x %2d = %2d " , 1 , 9 , 9 ) ;
printf( "%2d x %2d = %2d " , 2 , 9 , 18 ) ;
...
printf( "%2d x %2d = %2d " , 9 , 9 , 81 ) ;
printf( "\n" ) ;

|îÝPãyíŒbÜÍð•C- .híŒÜ (row) 3N× 5½b


Ü͌ÕP bÝh ͘xPD¡ #ì¼6Þ»W´ × C PÝP
D
5—˜xP
35—˜xPPD ´Š†ÝÎ'Ê ÝŽó¼‚ ŽóÝÍóŠ÷K÷
? |h » 3NÍ printf /ÝJó«{b!JP vKÎã 1 Õ 9 µgŽ;
.hàL×ÍJóŽó i ¼õ‚ ÍÂKÎ3N×ÍíŒ (row) ã 1 Õ 9
4 ³.ó.
A¢.¶ C P

℄PL
h²3íŒP‡rGÝJó Îã 1 Ž;Õ 9 ÄÎ|N×Ǒ 1 Ý℄
P;Ž |à×ÍJóŽó j ã‚ j Î|Ý℄Pã 1 Õ 9 L 3NÍ j
 i ºã 1 LÕ 9 !`‡r¡ÝóCµ©Î i  j ݶ” .huãŽó i Ý
—¶W℄º íŒÝP¶W
for ( i = 1 ; i <= 9 ; ++i ) {
printf( "%2d x %2d = %2d " , j , i , i*j ) ;
}
printf( "\n" ) ;

ãyŽó j LÝ>—´ i X .h j Ý℄º6Y3 i ℄ºÝ²· v 1 L


Õ 9 X|¶W
for ( j = 1 ; j <= 9 ; ++j ) {
for ( i = 1 ; i <= 9 ; ++i ) {
printf( "%2d x %2d = %2d " , j , i , i*j ) ;
}
printf( "\n" ) ;
}

AhµWÝÜܶ°xŠÝPD yìÝ ®µ©ÎÞ×°±#ÝB–‚„


»A Ǒáýj LŽó‡
#inclue <stdio>

int main() {

int i , j ;
for ( j = 1 ; j <= 9 ; ++j ) {
for ( i = 1 ; i <= 9 ; ++i ) {
printf( "%2d x %2d = %2d " , j , i , i*j ) ;
}
printf( "\n" ) ;
}
return 0 ;

 ²ó®Þ
lãØÑJóÎÍ ²óÎ.ïBðºÂÕÝ®Þ |ó.ÝÌF¼1 XÛÝ
²óμy 1 ÝÑJó vhóG 1 ͖Jt AhuŠlãØÍJó n
ÎÍ ²ó u¸à‰ü t€Ý℄PµÎ¯ n ãJó 2 8t ut¼ J
Jó 3 8t ut¼ J כ Ah¹ìœ àÕ n-1  38tÝ
M»  uËó|Jt J n µβó ĵtìœ AŒXbÝóK
³.ó. 5
A¢.¶ C P

Jt J n µÎ²ó |ì&Ǝ½¿à˜xP℄°¼ã¶P


˜xP²ólã
qA²óÝL ÞP¶W|ìÝP
int n ;
scanf( "%d" , &n ) ;

{ printf( "%dβó \n" , n ) ; return 0 ; }


βó \n" , n ) ; return 0 ; }
if ( n == 2 )
{ printf( "%d
βó \n" , n ) ; return 0 ; }
if ( n % 2 == 0 )
if ( n % 3 == 0 ) { printf( "%d

{ printf( "%d βó \n" , n ) ; return 0 ; }


...
if ( n % (n-1) == 0 )

printf( "%d βó \n" , n ) ; return 0 ; }


|îÝ return 0 ‚½PÞ®ÒxP main ”ƕ
5—˜xP
3|îÝP tÝÏ×Í if fP² ͸ÝfPÝtób!JP Çã 2
××LÕ n-1 X|ŠQ|¸à×͎ó¼‚ uLÍ i JÏÞ
ÍfPÝfPµ;;Hw3×Í℄º/ P|;¶W
for ( int i = 2 ; i <= n-1 ; ++i ) {
if ( n % i == 0 ) {
printf( "%d βó
\n" , n ) ;
return 0 ;
}
}

Ǒî ÝB– JÍPµŽW


#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n ;
scanf( "%d" ,&n) ;

if ( n == 2 ) { printf( "%d βó \n" ,n ) ; return 0 ; }

for ( int i = 2 ; i <= n-1 ; ++i ) {


if ( n % i == 0 ) {
printf( "%d βó \n" , n ) ;
return 0 ;
}
}

printf( "%d βó \n" , n ) ;


6 ³.ó.
A¢.¶ C P

return 0 ;
}

|îÝPD3ƕî4QÎÑÝ ¬Q^b[£ »A 3ó.î Š¾\ nÎ


Í ²ó ¬6Šã 2 µgtÕ n-1 ¯î GŠtÕy‡y n ÝJó
√

ǝ h²tÝóC 2 |² ¬6Š×Ýt|͸݉ó Q‚9°Þ;3hÞ


|E¯
 óC%
9ÍP»ÎŠ¶×ÍPŒ|ìÝóC% óCÎã 1  ãî‚ì 㼂
ŸÝ℄PL vóCÎWìë (lower triangle) øP ÍPÝæp Î3
óCǑ℄P3P+Ž 㼂Ÿ ãî‚ìÝ℄Pâ?8D
ó : 4 ó : 5

1 1
2 5 2 6
3 6 8 3 7 10
4 7 9 10 4 8 11 12
5 9 12 14 15

˜xPP
ƒ'P6ŒÝó n  ãíáX qA|îÝ% |ޘxPPD
_¶W|ì℄P
scanf( "%d" , &n ) ; // Àó
// Ï 
1
printf( "%d " , 1 ) ;
printf( "\n" ) ;

// Ï 
2
printf( "%d " , 2 ) ;
printf( "%d " , n+1 ) ;
printf( "\n" ) ;

...

// Ï 
n
printf( "%d " , n ) ;
printf( "%d " , (n+1)+(n-2) ) ;
...

³.ó. 7
A¢.¶ C P

printf( "%d " , (n+1)+(n-1)+(n-3) + ... + 1 ) ;


printf( "\n" ) ;

|îËъíŒÝóC6Š~Þ2àó.℄P.0 .h3h¶Kó¿ÍóC|
† ‚
5—˜xP
œ€•Ý |îN×íŒ (row) Ýó|¸à×͎ó r ¼‚ r Îã 1 L
Õ n N×íŒî íŒÝóCÀó8! µÎÏ× ׉óC Ï
ÞˉóC . . . Ï r  r ‰óC 3N× ŠŒ r ÍóC 3
P'Œî µ¸à℄º¼ § J§|îÝ1€ Pµ;¶W
scanf( "%d" , &n ) ;
for ( r = 1 ; r <= n ; ++r ) {
for ( c = 1 ; c <= r ; ++c ) {
ŠíŒÝŽó
6Š¨²0ŒóÂ
f = ... ; // f
//
printf( "%d " , f ) ;
}
printf( "\n" ) ;
}

|îݎó f º. r  c Ý!‚bX-² uàó.Ý℄Pî J¶W f =


f(r,c) ‚3Ï r Ï c •ŠíŒÝóC óCÝ© r  c bn v r Õ
Gy‡y c #켩Šàó.Ý℄°0Œ f(r,c) ó ¶WPD AhP
µWÝ
ãyóCÎãî‚ì 㼂Ÿ u0ŒNו (column) ÝÏ×ÍóC J
!וÝ͸óCµœ"2ŒÕŒ¼ µÎ
f(r, c) = f(c, c) + (r − c)

œ€•2 óC f(c,c) 8 yÏ c-1 •GXbóCÝÀóǑî 1 ãyÏ×


•b n ÍóC Ïޕb n-1 ÍóC Ïë•b n-2 ÍóC .hÏ c-1 •b
X
n + (n − 1) + . . . + (n − (c − 2)) ÍóC ¶Wó.ÿPJ k .h
n

k=n−(c−2)

X
n
f(c, c) = k + 1
k=n−(c−2)

X
n X
n−(c−2)−1
= k − k + 1
k=1 k=1
n(n + 1) (n − c + 1)(n − c + 2)
= − + 1
2 2

8 ³.ó.
A¢.¶ C P

GËÍó.P”)3×R
n(n + 1) (n − c + 1)(n − c + 2)
f(r, c) = − + (r − c) + 1
2 2
Þ|î0Œ f(r, c) Ý2PǑáPD ŸJPÝíŒ}P t¡ÝPDµ
|¶W|ìøP
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int r , c , n , f ;

printf( "> " ) ;


scanf( "%d" , &n ) ;
printf( "\n\n" ) ;

for ( r = 1 ; r <= n ; ++r ) {


for ( c = 1 ; c <= r ; ++c ) {
f = n*(n+1)/2 - (n-c+1)*(n-c+2)/2 + (r-c) + 1 ;
printf( "%5d " , f ) ;
}
printf( "\n" ) ;
}

return 0 ;
}

ã|îPÝ.0℄P|ÿá EØ°P®Þ P'Œõ͖Ýó.æb`


º6‰8 ݍ‘
 £Õ e ó
x

3Š”5 e ó|¸à94P¼£Õ Í2Pu|Œ˜"℄°îJ


x

x2 x3 xn
ex ≈ 1 + x + + + ··· +
2! 3! n!
Q n ÷ ŒÕµ÷¿ËÑÝó 9 &Ɗ¶ÍP¼£Õ e ó x

˜xPP
|î2P‘âÝ&9gǑ° 3˜xP&ÆÞÍ5ŠW×4×4ÝǑ° ãyN
4Ý55ÒKb8nP .hÞÍ5½ŒÕ Ah˜xPPDµ¶W
scanf( "%d" , &x ) ;

num = 1. ; // &4Ý5
³.ó. 9
A¢.¶ C P

den = 1. ; // &4Ý5Ò
exp = 1. ; // Ï×4
num = num * x ;

GÞ4õ
den = den * 1 ;
exp = exp + num / den ; //

num = num * x ;

Gë4õ
den = den * 2 ;
exp = exp + num / den ; //

...

num = num * x ;

G 4õ
den = den * n ;
exp = exp + num / den ; // n+1

GëÞÝPD!  9 ݘxPD6Š¸àõ`ݎó¼;D Ý
ŒÕ u&Ah J˜xPÞ? Ó
5—˜xP
ã|îÝPDá ŠÏÞ4R XbŒÕÝM»K8 v« Í°×Ý-½
ΌÕ5ÒÝI  ÍóCÎã 1 LÕ n .h|ÞͶá×͍ŽÝ℄º
for ( int i = 1 ; i <= n ; ++i ) {
num = num * x ;
den = den * i ;
exp = exp + num / den ;
}

ǑîG¡ÝP JÍPµ¶W
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int n = 10 ;
double x , den , num , exp ;
scanf( "%f" , &x ) ;

den = num = exp = 1. ;

for ( int i = 1 ; i <= n ; ++i ) {


num = num * x ;
den = den * i ;
exp = exp + num / den ;

10 ³.ó.
A¢.¶ C P

printf( "exp( %f ) = %f\n" , x , exp ) ;

return 0 ;
}

3P &Æà#' n Jó 10 .ï6¥Œ×F AŒÞPXbݎ


óKLWJól½ JŒÕݔŒÞËÑÝó®ß8 Ý-² xŠæ.3
y!l½ ݺՔŒÎ8!l½ .h 3 t| 4 ݔŒµ 0 ¬& 0.75
u͌ÕîÝ0-”)3×RµW 0- .hDE£℄l½ÝŒÕ-
²
 £Õ π
π |¸àùó℄P¼£Õ tŽÝ℄Pθà arctan(x) ݌˜"P
x3 x5 x2n+1
arctan(x) ≈ x − + + · · · + (−1)n
3 5 2n + 1
ãy arctan(1) =  .h π = 4 arctan(1) Q n ÷ ŒÕµ÷¿ËÑÝ
π

ó 4Qh2PÝ¿>—œX Ä9¬Î9 Ý¥F 9 &Ɗ¶ÍP


4

¼£Õ π ÝÂ
˜xPP
ÌD arctan(x) ݌˜"P |.á arctan(x) ݌Õ℄P ÍîµÎ×4×4
ÝÆø®Ǒ3ݛ® ûïG» ÞÍM»¶W|ìÝPD
x = 1 ;
atan = 0 ;

// i = 1
num = x ;
den = 1 ;
atan = atan + num/den ;

// i = 2
num = num * x * x ; // num = x^3
den = 3 ;
atan = atan - num/den ;

// i = 3
num = num * x * x ; // num = x^5
den = 5 ;
atan = atan + num/den ;

³.ó. 11
A¢.¶ C P

...

// i = n
num = num * x * x ; // num = x^(2n-1)

AŒ ‰ó
den = 2*n-1 ;

AŒ ó
atan = atan - num/den // i
atan = atan + num/den // i

t¡ËÍP6qA i ݉óC×ƕ
5—˜xP
5—|ÝP tÝÝ5I ¾!² ͸Kb8«P .h¶W
PJ 
for ( i = 1 ; i <= n ; ++i ) {

if ( i == 1 )
num = x ;
else
num = num * x * x ;

den = 2*i-1 ;

if ( i % 2 == 1 )
atan = atan + num/den ;
else
atan = atan - num/den ;

|îËÍ if ÝfP5½; 
num = ( i == 1 ? x : num * x * x ) ;
atan = atan + ( i % 2 == 1 ? num/den : -num/den ) ;

ãy i % 2 == 1  i % 2 3ìP/Ý®à8  !` atan = atan + ... 


; atan += ... .hîP ×M; 
atan += ( i % 2 ? num/den : -num/den ) ;

ǑîG¡Ä6ÝP JÍPµ¶W
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

double pi , atan , num , den , x ;

x = 1 ;

12 ³.ó.
A¢.¶ C P

atan = 0 ;

for ( int i = 1 ; i <= 1000000 ; ++i )


num = ( i == 1 ? x : num * x * x ) ;
den = 2*i-1 ;
atan += ( i % 2 ? num/den : -num/den ) ;

pi = 4 * atan ;
printf( "PI = %f\n" , pi ) ;

return 0 ;

9ÍùóÎ|œ XÝ℄P[eÕ π  3ó.5—îb͸ùó||´"Ý>—


[eÝ π  b·¶Ý\ï|îç0´8n£℄
0 : ”+
.ï.ê˜xPP'ŒxŠÝêÝÇΎ%¯ž3\Ž/ÝǑ° ´DčŽ
ÑøÝPDÓ¨Œ¼ #ì¼5—PD 'Ê ÝŽó 0ŒPDÝ
!JP ¿à℄ºìP¼‚ |¾Õ;PÝêÝ
˜xPP'ŒÝ¸àE xŠÎjE.P'ŒÝßÿ .ï3¿à˜x
PG Ä6ÞP+Ž×°t ÝìP℄ºÝà°z½ ÍJ)Q
º›Äÿ .ï|3PŠã2ºà℄ºìP¡ µ|wì˜x
PP'Œ Š•s"Ê)͖¤êYÝP'Œ*» ÑP”áb¶ÝP'Œ
t&

³.ó. 13

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