Grammar Part

Unit 1
To Be + From
Structures:

(+) => Subject + To be + from + complement.

(-) => Subject + To be + not +from + complement.
(?) => To be + Subject + from + complement?
Example:
1- (+) => I’m from Afghanistan.
1- (-) => I’m not from Afghanistan.
1- (?) => Am I from Afghanistan?
Wh-Q+ To Be + From
To get more information.
Example: Answer:
1. Where are you from? I am from Afghanistan.
2. Where are they from? They are from The U.S.A.
3. Where is he from? He is from Iran.
Practice: Make sentences.
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Unit 2
Like + V(ing)
Structures:

(+) => Sub + like/likes + V(ing) + Complement.

(-) => Sub + do/does + not + like + V(ing) + Complement.
(?) => Do/Does+ Sub + like + V(ing)+ Complement?
Example:
(I, You, We, They)
1- (+) => I like fishing.
1- (-) => I don’t like fishing.
1- (?) => Do I like fishing?
(She, He, It)
2- (+) => He likes reading comics.
2- (-) => He doesn’t like reading comics.
2- (?) => Does he like reading comics?

Practice: Make sentences.

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Unit 3
Possessive Adjectives

Def: Shows possession.

Possessive Adjectives (My, Your, Our, Their, His, Her, Its):

Structure:

Singular => (+) => This / That + is + PA + com.

Plural => (+) => These / Those + are + PA + com.

Example:

This is my pen. That is your car.

These are our chairs. Those are their Friends.

Can
Note: We can use “Can” for permission and asking someone to do something.

Example:

Can you open the door?

Can I use your computer?

Practice: Make sentences.

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Unit 4 & 5
Present Continuous Tense
Definition: Shows an action that is happening at the moment.

Structures:

(+) => Sub + to be + V(ing) + complement.

(-) => Sub + to be + not + V(ing) + complement.
(?) => To be + sub + V(ing) + complement?
Example:
(I, You, We, They)
1- (+) => We are playing soccer.
1- (-) => We aren’t playing soccer.
1- (?) => Are we playing soccer?
(She, He, It)
2- (+) => She is reading a book.
2- (-) => She isn’t reading a book.
2- (?) => Is she reading a book?
Note: Sometimes the spelling changes.
Ex: 1_swim => swimming 2_ Dive => Diving
Practice: Make sentences.
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Unit 6

Simple Present Tense

Definition: Shows daily activities or habitual actions.
Structure (I, You, We, They) Structure (He, She, it)
(+) => S + V + comp. (+) => S + V(s) + comp.
(-) => S + Don’t + V + comp. (-) => S + Doesn’t + V + comp.
(?) => Do + S + V + comp? (?) => Does + S + V + comp?
Example: Example:
1- (+) => They fly at 2:00. 1- (+) => He reads a book.
1- (-) => They don’t fly at 2:00. 1- (-) => He doesn’t read a book.
1- (?) => Do they fly at 2:00? 1- (?) => Does he read a book?
Note: Some verbs change.
Example:
Have => Has Go => Goes Watch => Watches
Note: You can use What time to ask about the time of the action.
Example: Answer:
What time do you sleep? I sleep at 10 o’clock.
What time does he come? He comes in the afternoon.

Practice: Make sentences.

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Unit 7
Adverbs of Frequency

(Always, Sometimes, Never)

Definition: They show the repetition of actions.

Structure:

Sub + Adverb + V/V(s) + complement.

Example:

1- I always go to school.
2- They sometimes visit their grandparents.
3- She never watches television.

Note 1: We use in for months. Ex: My birthday is in July.

Note 2: We use on for days of the week. Ex: let’s play on Monday.

Note 3: We use at for hour. Ex: I get up at six o’clock.

Practice: Make sentences.

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Unit 8
Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
Def: We can count them. Def: We can’t count them.

Ex: apple, book, chair, etc. Ex: rice, sugar, tea, etc.

Note: We can use numbers and Note: We can use some for
some for countable nouns. uncountable nouns not numbers.
Ex: I need three/some chairs. Ex: She eats some rice.

Would + like
Def: To want something.
Structure: (I, You, We, They, He, She, It)
(+) => S + would + like + complement.
(?) => Would + S + like + complement?
Example:
1- (+) => I would like some rice.
1- (?) => Would you like some rice?
Note: We can contract (would) to (‘d) in positive sentences.
Example:
I’d like an apple.
Practice: Make sentences.

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 Unit 9
Comparative Adjectives Superlative Adjectives
Def: Compare two things or groups Def: Compare one thing to
together. a group of things.

Structure: Structure:
Adj er CA Adj est SA

Example: Example:
Fast Faster Smart Smartest

This car is faster than your car. This is the fastest car in the
World.

What’s + SA
To get more information.
Example:
1. What’s the tallest animal in the world?
Answer:
The tallest animal in the world is giraffe.

Practice: Make sentences.

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Unit 10
Must / Mustn’t
Def: Show obligation and prohibition.
Structure (I, You, We, They, He, She, It):
(+) => S + must + V + com.
(-) => S + Mustn’t + V + com.

Example:
1- (+) => We must speak English.
1- (-) => They mustn’t come early.

Note: Sometimes “You” means everyone.

Ex:
2- (+) => You must be quiet.
2- (-) => You Mustn’t walk on the grass.
Note2: “Mustn’t” is the contracted form of “must not”.
Example:
You must not speak Persian.
Practice: Make sentences.

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Unit 11
“There” In the past (Was, Were)
Def: They show existence in the past.
Structure:
(+) => There + was / were + com.
(-) => There + was / were + not + com.
Note: We can use (yesterday, last week / year / Monday, [50
years] ago, then) to talk about the past.
Example:
1- (+) => There was a book in my room yesterday.
2- (-) => There weren’t any cars a week ago.
Note1: We use “lots of” or “some” with (there were).

Example: There were lots of chairs in the class yesterday.

Note2: We use “any” with (there weren’t).

Example: There weren’t any books in the library last year.

Practice: Make sentences.

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 Unit 12
“To be verbs” in past form (was, were)
Def: Shows existence and state in the past.
Structure:
(+) => S + be2 + com.
(-) => S + be2 + not com.
(?) => Be2 + S + com?
Note: we use “was” for (I, He, She, It) and “were” for (You, We, They).
Example:
1- (+) => He was farmer then.
1- (-) => we weren’t in the school two weeks ago.
1- (?) => Was she tall when she was 7?

Had
Def: Shows possession in the past.
Structure (I, You, We, They, She, He, It):
(+) => S + had + com.
(-) => S + didn’t + have + com.
(?) => Did + S + have + com?
Example:
1- (+) => We had a nice car three years ago.
1- (-) => She didn’t have white hair when she was young.
1- (?) => Did you have a phone two years ago?
Practice: Make sentences. Practice: Make sentences.
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Unit 13
Simple Past
(Positive and Negative forms)
Def: Shows an action that happened in the past in a specific
time.
Structure (I, You, We, They, She, He, It):
(+) => S + V2 + com.
(-) => S + didn’t + V + com.
Note: We add “ed” at the end of the verb to change the verb to past

form.

Example:
1- (+) => He worked three months ago.
1- (-) => She didn’t work yesterday.

Note: “didn’t” is the contracted form of “Did not”.

Ex: I did not come here three hours ago.

Practice: Make sentences.

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Unit 14
Simple Past
(Question form)
Structure:
(?) => Did + S + V + com?
Answer 1 => Yes, + S + did.
Answer 2 => No, + S + didn’t.
Example:
1. Did they come on time? Yes, they did.
2. Did you call him three ours ago? No, I didn’t.
What, Where, When
To get more information.
Structure:
Wh + did + S + V + com?
Example:
1.Where did you see him?
2.What did he buy last night?
3.When did they come here?
Practice: Make sentences.

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Unit 15
Be Going to

Def: shows an action that will happen in the future.

Structure:
(+) => S + be + going to + V + com.

(-) => S + be + not + going to + V + com.

(?) => Be + S + going to + V + com?

Note: We can use (tomorrow, soon, later, next week / month / year)
with Be going to.

Example:
1. (+) => She is going to come tomorrow.

1. (-) => She isn’t going to come tomorrow.

1. (?) => Is she going to come tomorrow?

2. (+) => We are going to go Kabul next week.

2. (-) => We aren’t going to go to Kabul next week.

2. (?) => Are we going to go to Kabul tomorrow?

Practice: Make sentences.

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