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(Reaffirmed 2015)
•
IS~.:1""
(Reaffirmed 2004)

(Reaffirmed
(Reaffirm ed 2014)

~, ~ ~ ~lIR., W ~ PI 'if01 (Reaffirmed 2019)

(Reaffirmed 2013)
c(; ~ CbI4'1--sblftill'1 ~fqld - ~

(~~") (Reaffirmed 2012)

Inaliln Standard (Reaffirmed 2011)

CARBON-CHROMIUM STEEL FOR THE

MANUFACrURE OF BALLS, ROLLERS AND
(Reaffirmed 2010)

BEARING RACES - SPECIFICATION

(Reaffirmed 2009)
( Second Revision)

(Reaffirmed 2008)
UOC 669"15'26·194: 621"822"7f 8

(Reaffirmed 2007)

(Reaffirmed 2006)

(Reaffirmed 2005)

CBIS 1994

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARO
NEW DELHI 110002

Au,,", 1994 Price Group 4

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Alloy Steel and Special Steels Sectional Committee, MTD 16

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Second Revision) was adopted by Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Alloy Steel and Special Steels Sectional Committee had been approved by Metallurgical
Engineering Division Coundl.

This standard was published In 1961 and revised In 1912. As a result of experienced gained during
these years, II has been decided to revise this Indian Standard incorporating the following main
modifications:
i) one more grade has been added,
ii) hardness requirements have been specified Cor coils and bars under various conditions of delivery.
and
iii) requirements ror Inclusion rating have been modified.

For the benefit of purchaser of steels covered by this specification, an informative Annex A, giving
particulars to be specified by the purchaser while ordering for these steels, has been given.

This standard contalnsc\auses 5.1, Table 1 (Note), 8.2, 10.1, 10.2,11.2, 13, 14.1,14.1.1,15.3,15.4, and 11.2
which call for an agreement between the buyer and the seller and permit the purchaser to use his option
for selection to suit his requirements.

For the purpose of deddlng whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final
value, observed or calculated, expressing the result oC a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in at:cordancc
with IS 2:1960 'Rules Cor rounding off numerical values (,evis~d)'. The number of significant places
retained in rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
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IS 4398: 1994

Indian Standard
CARBON-CHROMIUM STEEL FOR THE
MANUFACrURE OF BALLS, ROLLERS AND
BEARING RACES - SPECIFICATION
(Second Revision)
1 SCOPE 11371: 1985 Method for macroetch test of
wrought steel products
This standard covers the requirements of four types
of high carbon chromium steel In the fonn of billets, 3 SUPPLY OF MATERIAL
bars, wire rods, wire and riop to be used in the
manufacture of ball and roller bearinp for general General requirements relating to the supply of
purposes. material shall confonn to IS 8910 : 1978.

Z REFF.RENCES 4 MANUFACTURE

The Indian Standards listed below are necessary 4.1 The ste!el sball be made by electric furnace
adjuncts to this standard: process, fully killed and vacuum degassed or any
otber suitable process which shall meet the
IS No. Title speclfied quality reqUirements.
228 Methods of cbemical analysis of
steels (issued in parts) 4.1.1 For deoxidation and control of inclusion
morpholOgy, use of calcium or its compound is not
1500: 1983 Method for Brinell bardness test penn/tied.
for metallic materials (second
revision) 4.2 A sufficient reduction and discard shall 'be
made from each ingot to ensure freedom from
1586: 1988 Metbods for rockwell bardness test piping. segregation and other harmful defeclS.
(B & C scales) for steel (second
revision) 4.3 The m!lterial may be conditioned to remove
Injurious surface defects by chippilig, machining,
3739: 1987 Dimensional tolerances for carbon grinding or any other suitable means at a suiiable
and alloy constructional steel stage duril'g reduction from the ingOl to the
products (first revision) finished size.
4163: 1~ Metbod for determination of in-
5 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
clusion content In steel by micro-
scopic method (fint revision)
5.1 The ladle analysis of steel shall be as given in
4748: 1985 Methods for estimating average Table 1. The analysis of steel shall be carried out
grain size of metals (Jlnt revision) either by tbe method specified in IS 228 and its
relevant parts or any other established in-
6396: 1983 Metbod of measuring decarburlzed strumental/chemical method. In case of dispute
deptb of steel (Jfm revision) the procedure given in IS 228 and its relevant
parts sball be referee method. However, where
8910: 1978 General technical delivery re- the method is not given in IS 228 and its relevant
quirements for steel and steel parts, the referee method shall be agreed 10 be-
products tween the purchaser and tbe manufacturer.

1
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1Sf398119M

5.1.1 Elements DOt specified III TPle Ilball DOt be , CONDmON 011' DELIVERY
.added to the steel c:a::epl wIleD apecd to othecthu 6.1 UnJeIa spedfted otherwise, steel shall be sup-
for the purpose of ftnllblnl tile beat I!ld ,ball not plied III fully apheroldized annealed condition.
exceed the following limits:
Constituent . I'C!I'CDII 7 M1CROSTRUCI'URE
Nickel 0'25 7.1 The anneaJed material shall show a completely
Molybdenum 0'10 apberOidized structure of uniformly distributed
Copper 0'30 amen globular carbides (lee Fig. 1). The acceptable
Vanadium O'OS spheroldized structure shall be as given for Grades
Titanium 0'000 4S 2, 3 and 4 III FIg. 1.
5.2 Produd~ 7.1.1 The structure shall be free from excessive
5.2.1 Product analylla shall be carried out on segregation and sball Dot reveal presence of car-
firilshed product. The permllalble variatioa III tile bides III cellular form (SeA! Fig. 2). The acceptable
case of product anaIyIla from tile Ibnits apedfted III limits for carbide banding shall be as for Grades 1
Table 1 shall be 81 pen III Table 2. I!ld 2 pen III Fig. 2.

Tllblel Cbaalcal eo.po.ltlon

(CIIa4# S.l )

.,...........
G.....

C SI
em 1I.... Pen:eat

M.
A
P S Cr I
(I) (l) (3) (4) (~) (6) (7)

10406 OW ens 0'25 It025 0'02$ 1'30

10 10 to \0
1·10' 0'15 0'45 1'40'

103Cr6
...
095
1"10'
0'15
10
0'l5
0'60
10
0110
0'025 )'SO'
10
nO'
103Cr4Mn4 095 0'40 0'90 0''90
10 10 10 10
1'10' 0'70 1'15 1,20

9806Mn4 0'90 05 1'0 O',OOS 1'40'

10 10 10 10
1'05 0'70 1"20 1'65
NOTES
1. 11te clalnblc ..,... CIOIIIaII oIIOIIId be 15 ppm Max, ____• If OIlY rrom thlo litJlil and lhe melhod oC ,,,,,, shall be
mutually qnoed 10 _die,....,...."" lite IIWIUr.ct_.
die
2. In If*UJ - . II..., be ............
lpecifled . - . ·WIIat t .... 10 ..
nap or cutJoa """teat .boulcl be ....,.., cklaely controlled than lhe ranI""
i. reotric:tod nap or cutJoa may be qnoed 10 between Ihe purchaacr and lhe
.....ufact-.

TIIbIe % PenwI ••lhleVartadoa lor Product ADalJ811

( Clla4#S.2 )
eoa.dtao.t ..... -"............
--
Vartatlon
Perun'
CarboD :!:\t03
Ma... _ :!:\t03
SilicOn :!:0'02
Sulpllur +O'OOS
Pboapboruo +0'005
Chromium Up 10 0'90 ,,0'0'3
_0'90 :!:O'O'S
NO'll! - ';t:' _1haI1tl ... _dlecloMatJae . . , . _ ...... , . upp.......... orUDda' \be -..v.luc oClhe lpocifoed ran,e
Ia T.bIe \,

2
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IS 4398 ; 1994

.
"
i.i:
..,
.
'" Z!
(;,

-
X
§
..
....
-
.12
!3
i
. j ~
......
.~ ~
j i:l
.• W>~

~i
1
CI

~
e0
., I...
cl
lC
~ Ii:
~ I

~
!
>

i
.
~
(;,
J

3
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1S4JM: 1994

ORADEI GRADE 2

ORADE3 GRADE 4

Flo. 2 CARBIDE BANDING ( Magnification 100 x )

7.1. The internal stress condition shall nOI be such IU In case of cold drawn wire for cold heading
as to cause undue dislortion after machining. process, the hardness shall be mutually agreed to
8 HARDNESS between the purchaser and manufacturer.

8.1 The hardness of sleet when tested in accord- , INCLUSION CONTENT

·ancewith IS 1500: 1983 and IS 1586: 1988 shall be
as follows: '.1 The Inclusion rating of the standard test
billet shall be determined in accordance with
Product CoItditiOII Maximum IS 4163 : 1982. The worst .field of each inclusion
hDrdnUl from each specimen shall be recorded as a rating
Coils Hot rolled, annealed 92HRB for the specimen. The inclusion rating of the
Bars HOI rolled annealed ']JJ1 HBS specimen shall not exceed the limits specified in
Table 3.
Coils Annealed, wid drawn
(stress reliewld) 92HRB NOTE· Two 'blrdo ol all .pedmcna and al leul one from
each In&Ol '''''ed, u""lIoa,he lM:flI,e of all'peclmens, shAll
Coils'" Bars Annealed, cold drawn 2SOHBS _ c:aad \he [lIlin, .pedOed In Table 3.

4
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IS 4398 : 1994

Table 3 Inclusion RIItl.. 10.3 The fr.eture shall show fine grains ap-
( Clause 9) proximateiyequal t08asspecified 111154748: 1985.
ThlntM:1iea H..., .... 11 FRACfURE TEST
{~ i 172 A 1112
Ra. in& Uni. B I 11.1 Testspeclmen,approJdmately 10mm in thick-
C. 112 C III ness, representative of the cross section of billets
01 o 1 for forging and reroIling Into coils "and bars shall be
NOTE - A - Sulphid.. B-Alumi ....
C. - Sillca.e O-Olobul.. _ normalized, annealed and hardened by quenching
in oil from a temperature of 830 :t SoC, and frac-
10 DECARBURIZATION AND SURFACE tured. The fractured surfaces when examined
DEFECTS visually, shall be free from any of the following
defects:
10.1 Dccarburization and surface defects shall be
kept to the minimum. Subject to mutual agreement a) Presence of more than one non-metallic
Inclusion of 1'6 to 3 mm in length;
between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the
depth of decarburization shall be measured in ac- b) Presence of one non-mataliie inclusion over
cordance with IS 6396 : 1983. The limit for decar- 3 mm in length; and
burization and surface defects shall be as specified c) Presence of porosity, pipe'o r internal cracks.
in Tables 4 and S.
NOTE - In QUe 0( rin...helimi" lordeauburiu.ion and 11.1 The fracture shall show fine grains. The grain
lurface derCC(S ahall be mutually -arecd to between pur- size shall be subject to mutual agreement between
chatc:r and manu(Ktuta'.
the purchaser and the manufacturer.
Table 4 Decarburlzatlon and Surface 11 MACRO ETCH TEST
Defects In Ban
(Clause 10.1 ) 11.1 When tested in acwrdance with IS 11371
All dimcnaiona In mililmet..... 1985, the steel shall be free from pipe, excessive
DocuIMorl..1Ion or Soorf_
porOSity, segregation and any other harmful in-
Dlmeftllion
.
Up.oand
- -~
.
0._ per Side, Mtut
Hoi-Roiled Annealed Cold
clusions.
OYer 13 ADDITIONAL TESTS
Indudin, Finished

2S 0"30 0"38 0"30 13.1 Subject to mutual agreement between Ihe

2S SO 0"43 0"56 0"38 purchaser and the supplier, any other speeialtcslS
SO 7S 0"64 0"76 0"64 may also be specified at the time of enquiry and
7S 100 0"89 1')4 order.
tOO 1'40 1'65
14 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES
Table 5 DecarburizatIoa and Surface Defects In
14.1 Unless 5peeifled otherwise, dimensional
Wire Rod and WIre
tolerances for bot rolled hars and wire rods shall
'( ClalUe 10.1 )
Alldlm _ _ 1n mDIimetrea.
conform to Orade 1 tolerances of IS 3739 : 1987.
Dimensional tolerances for cold finished bars and
wires shall be 15 given In Table 6 and 7. The wire
. rod tolerances shall be as agreed to between the
• Upwond Hot-Rolled or Cold purchaser and the manufaeturer.
Indudin, Hot-Rolled FI._
_"-led 1<1.1.1 For spedal applialtions, suc:h as for the
5 OOS cto4
manufaeture of needle bearings, the tolerances
5 6 ct13 01lIl
6 IZS ct15 0"10
shall be as alfCecl to between the purehaser and the
U'S 19 ct20 0"15
manufacturer.
19 15 ct23 ct15
14.2 Tolerucaon LeaIIh
10.2 For special applh:atlons, sueh II for The length of ban and the tolerance on length shall
needle bearing Industry, the mlterlal may be be 15 given In IS 3739 : 1987. '
supplied with lower deearburlzatlon "limits as
mutually Igreed to between the purc:hlser Ind 14.3 Ban sball be supplied with the ends evts
tbe mlnuCaeturer. square.

s
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IS 43911 : 1994

Table 6 Tolel'llJlCa lor CellI FlnIUed Ban Where a ,Ingle uable plate CODStitUtes a beat, any
All dlmenoloao in mOl_.... . tbree random Inl0ts may be ·selected. Otber
T_ _
methods of IImpllnllball be as agreed upon by
r
Dlme_ . . manuliK:turcr and pun:buer•
Ova- Uptolnd M.... PI..
IDCludln&
J8 0"13 NO 1504 Dec:arllarlzatlon and Mac:ro-Etclt Tat
J8 63 O"U Nil
63 100 0"18 NU 1be number of _plea to be tested and tbe mode
of taklna test samples sball be subject to mutual
14.4 Tolel"lUlce on Strallhtneaa agreement between the purchaser and the
The deviatloDS from true stnlgbtnesa sball not manufacturer.
exceed 1 mm per 7SOmm length. Specially treated
ban shall obey tbe tolennca laid clown In 16 REnSt
IS 3739 : 1987.
16.1 Should any of the test piece fall to pass any
Table 7 ToIel"lUlceB for CellI FInlahed W1rea of the tests specified, two further test samples
( Cltuue 14.1 ) IIhall be taken for testing in respect of each
All dimenoloao In mUII _ _ failure. In case of product analYSiS, the new
DIme_ T.... samples shall be taken from different'pieces from
T..... _
Ova- "Up 10 ond the same cast. In case of physical tests, the new
Inc:ludlnl samples shall be selected from tbe same heat-
2'S 0"05
treatment batch. Should either of the retests fail
2'5 6'70 008
to meet the specified requirements, the balch
represented shall be deemed as not conforming
6'10 19 0"10
to the standard. However, If the failure Is wilh
respect to physical test, the batch may be further
IS SAMPUNG heated and offered for further testing.

15.1 Chemical AnalJSls 17 MARKING

The ladle analySis shall be supplied by tbe manufac- 17.1 Each bar over SO mm dla or of equivalent
turer. If cbeck analysis Is required, at least one cross section and each blUelShall be stamped alone
samplel product shall be taken from .,.cb cast. face with the cast number or any other IdentUica-
tion mark by which the steel could be -traaed to the
15.2 Kanlneu Test cast from which It WIll made.

One sample shall be taken ·from eacb size of each 17.1 Bars of 50 mm dla and below, wires and wire
beat~treatment batcb representing one casL If the rods shall be buDdled as agreed 10 between the
.material is continuously heat-treated, one sample purchaser and the manufacturer. The lag attached
shall be taken from every lot or part thereof, but at to each bundle shall -be marked wilh the informa-
least one sample from each cast sball be talten. tion u pven.ln 17.1.

17.3 Rings shall be supplied in boxes duly marked

15.3 Test lor Inclusion Ratlna
with Information given In 17.1.

FOrl0p poured products, a mlnim1llD ohlx samplea 1704 The material may also be marked with
representing the top and bottom of the first, mid- Standard Mark.
dle, and last uable Ingots sball be examined.
17....1 The use of the Standard Mark is govemea
For bottom poured products, a minimum of six by the prov\alODS of Bum1u of Indian StIUIdtzrrU
samples sball be examined and they shall repraent Act, 1986 and tbe Rules and RegulatloDS made
tbe top and bollom 01 tbree Ingoll. One Ingot ahall thereunder. The detaHs of conditions under
be taken at nndom from the ftnt uaable plate which a llcenee for the use of Standard Mark
poured, one In got, at random, from the ned to wt may be gnnled to manufacturen or producers
usable plate poured. When two uable plates con- may be obtalnecl from the Bureau of indian
stitute a beat, two 01 the IImple Ingots poured. Standards.

6
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IS 4398 : 1994

ANNEX A
(Foreword)
INFORMATION TO BE SUPPUED BY TIlE PURCHASER

A-1 BASIS FOR ORDER e) Size;

A-l.l While placing an order for high carb- d) Length;
on-<:hromium steel for bearing rovere(f by this e) Condition;
standard, the purchaser should specify the fonew-
ing: f) Tests report;
a) Type or grade designation; g) Surface treatment and mode of packing; and
b) Method of manufacture; b) Special requirements, if any.

7
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Bureau or Indian Standards

BIS is a statu"" 1 institution established under the Bureau ofindian Standards Act, 198610 promote hannonious
development of the activities of standardization, marlcing and quality certification of goOds and attending 10
connected matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyrightofaU its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduco:d in any form without
the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude th~ free use, in the course of implementing the
standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, ·type or grade designations. Enquiries relating 10
copyright be addressed 10 the Director (Publication), BIS
Revision orIndlan Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis <if comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to !he latest issue of
'BIS Handbook' and 'Standards Monthly Additions'.
This Indian Standard hal beeIl de¥eloped (rom Doc : No. MTD 16 ( 3766 \

Amendments Issued Since Publication

------------------------------------------------------------------
Amend No Date of Issue Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:
Manak Bhavll~ 9 Bahadur Shah zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002
Telephones: 331 0131,331 13 75 Telegrams: Manaksanstha
Common to all offices)
Regional Off;ces : Telephone
Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 331 01 31
NEW DELHI 110002 { 331 137S
Eastern : 1/14 C.i.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola J37 84 99, 378561
CALCUTTA 700054 b7 86 26, 378662
Northern : SCO 445446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 53 3843. 53 1640
{ 532384
Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road. MADRAS 600113 /23502 16. 2350442
'U35 15 19. 23523 IS
Western : Manab1aya, E9 MIDC, Marol. Andhcri (East) 632 92 95. 632 78 58
BOMBAY 400093 { 6327891, 63271192

Branches: AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD.

GHAZlABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. lAIPUR. KANPUR.LUCKNOW. 1>ATNA.
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.
I'Iinlod 11 Doe K4Y P!inlen, New 1lolI!I.11000S,locIi.I