International Trade and

Transection
Farhad Salman Hasan
BBA, MBA (University of Dhaka), MPS (RU)
 BASIC DISCUSSION
📌 Term Meaning Core Concept Example Relation

Organized activity to produce A mobile company

Broadest; includes production, Includes trade and commerce
Business and sell goods/services for manufacturing and selling
marketing, sales as parts
profit phones

Buying and selling of A shopkeeper selling rice to a

Trade Direct exchange or transaction A part of commerce
goods/services customer

Activities that support trade Facilitation of trade through Using trucks for delivery, banks
Commerce Part of business
(banking, transport, insurance) services for payment

Study of resource allocation Theoretical analysis of choices Government budgeting for Foundation to understand
Economics
under scarcity and behavior education and health economy and business

Actual system of production, Real structure of a country’s Bangladesh’s agriculture, Practical system analyzed by
Economy
distribution, and consumption financial system exports, and industries economics
 What is International Trade ?
• International trade is an exchange involving a
good or service conducted between at least two
different countries.
 Patterns of International Trade
1. Foreign Trade
2. Import Trade
3. Re Export Trade
 Causes of International Trade
1. Factors of Production (Land, Labor, Entrepreneurship, Capital)
2. Differences of Climate
3. Human Capacity
4. Natural Resources
5. Trend of Economic Development
6. Knowledge of technology and technical
7. Expansion of Market
 Importance of IT for Economic Development
• Export surplus products
• Consuming product at low price
• Expansion of Market
• Maximum use of resources
• Employment opportunity
• Specialization of labors
• Developing Standard of living
 Features of International Trade
1. Different Market System /Demand
2. Foreign Currency and rate of exchange
3. Crossing National Boundaries
4. Immobility of Factors (Capital ,labor, Technology etc)
5. Import and export
6. Different National Identity
7. Ballance of Payment
8. Additional Cost
9. Dependency
10.Trade and control (by govt/authority)
 Demerits of International Trade
• Import unnecessary and harmful goods
• Unequal competition and dumping
• Increase dependency
• Expansion of Imperialism
• Demotivating local industries
• Create international conflicts
 International Trade and Bangladesh
Export-Oriented Economy
Import Dependence
Trade Partners
• Major trading partners include the European Union, United
States, China, India, Japan, and Canada.
• EU and USA are the largest buyers of Bangladeshi garments.
Positive Trade in Services Growing
WTO and Global Integration
Foreign Exchange Earnings
Infrastructure and Port Dependence
• Trade relies on major seaports like Chattogram and
Mongla, and increasingly on land ports with India.
Gradual Shift After LDC Graduation
• Bangladesh will graduate from Least Developed
Country (LDC) status by 2026, which means some
trade privileges will end.
• The country is preparing to compete in the global
market under new conditions.
Major Import Products of Bangladesh
 Petroleum and Petroleum Products: Crude oil and
refined petroleum products are among the most
significant imports, as Bangladesh relies heavily on
these for its energy needs.
• Machinery and Equipment: Bangladesh imports
various s machinery and equipment for industrial
purposes, including machinery for the textile and
garment industry, construction equipment, and
industrial machinery.
• Electrical and Electronics: appliances, consumer
electronics, and components, are in high demand.
• Iron and Steel: Raw materials like iron and steel are
imported for construction and manufacturing
purposes.
• Food Products: edible oils, wheat, rice, and pulses,
are imported to meet domestic demand.
• Plastics and Plastic Products: Raw materials for the
plastics industry, as well as finished plastic products,
are imported.
• Vehicles: Motor vehicles, including cars, motorcycles,
and commercial vehicles, are imported to meet
domestic transportation needs.
• Mineral Fuels and Oils: Apart from petroleum products,
natural gas and other mineral fuels are also imported to
support energy production.
• Textile Raw Materials: cotton and yarn when domestic
supplies are insufficient.
• Metals and Metal Products: Various metal products,
including aluminium and copper, are imported for
industrial use.
• Wood and Wood Products: Timber and wood products
are imported for construction and furniture
manufacturing.
• Medicines and Pharmaceuticals: While Bangladesh has a
growing pharmaceutical industry, it still imports certain
pharmaceutical raw materials and finished medicines.
• Luxury Goods: designer clothing, jewellery, are imported
to cater to a niche market.
• Chemicals: fertilizers, industrial chemicals, and
pharmaceutical raw materials, are imported to support
various industries.
 Major Export Products of Bangladesh

Readymade Garments
Jute and Jute Products
Fish, Shrimps, and Prawns
Leather and Leather Products
Home Textile
Agro Products
Pharmaceutical Products
RMG and Bangladesh
Thank You