Simple Past

Tense
Warm-up:
• Share with a partner what you did last weekend.

o I went to the park and had a picnic.

Positive Form
• Structure: Subject + Verb (past form)
o Examples:
▪ “I walked to school.”

▪ “He watched a movie.”

▪ I left the class earlier.

• Activity
• Complete the sentences with the correct past form of the verb:
o “She ______ (visit) her friend.”
o “They ______ (play) basketball.”
Negative Form
• Structure: Subject + Did Not (Didn’t) + Base Verb
o Examples:
▪ “I did not (didn’t) walk to school.”
▪ “He did not (didn’t) watch a movie.”
• Activity
• Rewrite the sentences in the negative form:
o “She visited her friend.”
o “They played basketball.”
Question Form
• Structure: Did + Subject + Base Verb?
o Examples:
▪ “Did you walk to school?”
▪ “Did he watch a movie?”
• Activity
• Form questions from the following statements:
o “You walked to school.”
o “He watched a movie.”
Yes/No Questions and Short Answers
• Examples:
o “Did you walk to school?” - “Yes, I did.” / “No, I didn’t.”
o “Did he watch a movie?” - “Yes, he did.” / “No, he didn’t.”
• Activity
• Answer the following questions with short answers:
o “Did you visit your friend?”
o “Did they play basketball?”
WH Questions
• Structure: WH-word + Did + Subject + Base Verb?
o Examples:
▪ “What did you do?”
▪ “Where did she go?”
• Activity
• Form WH questions for the following answers:
o “I visited my friend.” (What)
o “She went to the park.” (Where)
Regular and Irregular Verbs
• Regular Verbs: Add -ed to the base form.
o Example: “walk” becomes “walked.”
• Irregular Verbs: Change form completely.
o Example: “go” becomes “went.”

• Activity
• Identify whether the following verbs are regular or irregular:
o “played”
o “went”
o “visited”
o “saw”
Forming the Past and Past
Participle of Regular Verbs
• Rule: Add -ed to the base form.
o Example: “talk” becomes “talked.”
• Activity
• Write the past and past participle
forms of the following verbs:
o “jump”
o “clean”
o “watch”
 Rules for Adding (-d) or (-ed)
• General Rule:
• Add -ed to the base form.
• Wanted helped cleaned reviewed
• Verbs Ending in -e: Add -d.
• Loved hoped hated cared
• Verbs Ending in Consonant + y: Change y to i and add -ed.
• Cried studied hurried buried
Rules for Adding (-d) or (-ed)
• One-syllable verbs with one vowel (vowel + consonant):
double the last consonant before adding –ed.
• Robbed planned stopped
• One-syllable verbs with two vowels:
• Seated moaned cooked
• One-syllable verbs with one vowel ending in W or Y:
add –ed only.
• Played showed
Activity:
• Convert the following verbs to their past forms:

o Smile
o Try
o Dance
o Carry
o Hug
o Use
o Wash
o Work
 Simple Past Tense: Uses
• Use – A Finished Action in the Past
• Describes actions that were completed in the past.

o Examples:
o She finished her homework an hour ago.
o I went to Boston last week.
o John left two minutes ago.
o I met my wife in 2017.
Simple Past Tense: Uses
• Use – A Past Habit/situation
• Describes habits or routines in the past.

o Examples:
o When I was a child, I lived in a small house
with my family. Every day I walked to school.
o I always went camping with my friends when
I lived in my village.
Simple Past Tense: Uses
• Use – Actions That Follow Each Other in a Story
• Describes a sequence of actions in the past.

o Examples:
o She woke up, brushed her teeth, and had breakfast.
o Mary walked into the room and stopped. She listened carefully.
She heard a noise coming from behind the curtain. She threw the
curtain open, and she saw…
Time Expressions with Simple Past Tense
• Common Expressions:
• Yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 1990.
o Examples:
▪ “I visited my friend yesterday.”

▪ “They moved here two years ago.”

• Activity
• Complete the sentences with the correct time expressions:
o “She called me ___.”
o “They traveled to Paris ___.”
Past
Continuous
Tense
Warm-up:
• Share with a partner what you were doing
at 8 PM last night.

o Example:
o I was watching TV.
Positive Form
• Structure: Subject + Was/Were + Verb + -ing
o Examples:
▪ “I was studying.”

▪ “They were running.”

Activity
• Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb:
o “She ______ (watch) TV.”
o “We ______ (play) basketball.”
Negative Form
• Structure: Subject + Was/Were + Not + Verb + -ing
o Examples:
▪ “I was not (wasn’t) studying.”

▪ “They were not (weren’t) running.”

Activity
• Rewrite the sentences in the negative form:
o “She was reading a book.”
o “They were playing soccer.”
Question Form
• Structure: Was/Were + Subject + Verb + -ing?
o Examples:
▪ “Was she reading?”

▪ “Were they running?”

Activity
• Form questions from the following statements:
o “You were listening to music.”
o “She was cooking dinner.”
Yes/No Questions and Short Answers
• Examples:
o “Was she reading?” - “Yes, she was.” / “No, she wasn’t.”
o “Were they playing?” - “Yes, they were.” / “No, they weren’t.”

Activity
• Answer the following questions with short answers:
o “Were you reading a book?”
o “Was he playing soccer?”
WH Questions
• Structure: WH-word + Was/Were + Subject + Verb + -ing?
o Examples:
▪ “What were you doing?”

▪ “Where was she going?”

Activity
• Form WH questions for the following answers:
o “I was studying.” (What)
o “She was going to the store.” (Where)
Past Continuous Tenses: Uses
• Use – An Action That Was in Progress in the Past
• Definition: Describes actions that were ongoing at a
specific time in the past.

o Examples:
o She was reading at 8 PM.
o They were listening to music yesterday morning.
Past Continuous Tenses: Uses
• Use – An Activity in Progress Before, and
Probably After, a Particular Time in the Past
• Definition: Describes actions that were ongoing
before and after a specific time.

o Examples:
o At 7 PM, she was still working.
o I was eating my lunch at 7 o’clock last night.
Past Continuous Tenses: Uses
• Use – An Interrupted Past Activity
• Definition: Describes actions that were interrupted
by another action.

o Examples:
o She was reading when the phone rang.
o I was taking a shower when the doorbell rang.
o We were playing soccer when it started to rain.
• Connecting word: When, while, as
Past Continuous Tenses: Uses
• An Action with Duration in the Past

• Examples:
o He was studying all night.
o I was working on this project for three hours.

• Time Expression: For + time period

Past Continuous Tenses: Uses
• Use – For Descriptions

o Examples:
o It was a beautiful moment. The sun was setting, and the
birds were singing.
o Jan looked beautiful. She was wearing a green cotton
dress. Her eyes were shining.
Past Continuous Tenses: Uses
• Use – an incomplete action

Example:
• I was reading a book during the flight.
• She was playing on her phone during
our drive to the neighboring town.
Comparing Past Simple Tense
and Past Continuous Tense
Examples:
o I watched a movie during the flight.
o I was watching TV during the flight..
o I read a book.
o I was reading a book.

o A. What did you do when the accident happened?

o B. I called the police

o A. What were you doing when the accident happened?

o B. I was shopping.
Used to – Expressing Habit in the Past
• Used to expresses a habit in the past the is finished now.

Examples:
oI used to play soccer every weekend.
oI used to read comic books when I was a kid.
oDid you use to read comic books when you were a kid?
oMy dad and I used to play basketball together.
oThis town didn’t use to be a nice place to live, but then it
changed.
Past
Perfect
Tense
Warm-up:
• What had you done before you came to class today?
Positive Form
• Structure: Subject + had + past participle

o Examples:
o They had left before the meeting started.
o By the time I got to the station, the train
had already left.
Negative Form
• Structure: Subject + had + not + past participle
o Examples:
o She had not (hadn’t) finished her work when the boss arrived.
o I had not (hadn’t) seem him before.

• Activity
• Convert positive sentences to negative form.
o He had eaten breakfast before he left.
o She had finished her homework when the electricity went off.
Question Form
• Structure: Had + subject + past participle?
o Examples:
o Had you finished your homework before you went out?
o Had you seen that man before?

• Activity
• Form questions using the Past Perfect Tense.
o You had finished your homework before you went out.
o She had finished her homework when the electricity went off.
Yes/No Questions and Short Answers
o Had they left before the meeting started? → Yes, they had. /
No, they hadn’t.
o Had you seen that man before? → Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t.

• Activity
• Practice forming yes/no questions and providing short answers.
o Had she completed the project?
o Had you already taken your seat when the teacher came to the
class?
o Had he already left?
WH Questions
• Structure: WH-word + had + subject + past participle?
o Examples:
o What had you done before you came to class?
o Where had you been before?

• Activity
• Form WH questions using the Past Perfect Tense.
o She had finished her homework before she went out. (What)
o I had reached home by the time the rain started. (Where)
Use of Past Perfect Tense
• The Past Perfect Tense is used to show that one action in the past
happened before another action in the past.
o Examples:
o After he had eaten, he went to bed.
o She had finished her homework before she went out to play.
Activity:
• Identify the two actions in the sentence and determine which
happened first.
o By the time we arrived, the movie had started.
o When we arrived, the concert had already started.
Use of Before, After, When, By the
time, …
• These words are often used with the Past
Perfect Tense to show the sequence of actions.

o Examples:
o She had left before I arrived.
o After he had finished his homework, he went
out to play.
o I reached the concert by the time it started.
Sequence of Actions in Past Perfect Tense
• In sentences using the Past Perfect Tense, the action
described by the Past Perfect Tense happens before
the action described by the Simple Past Tense.

o Example: She had finished her homework before she

went out to play.
▪ Past Perfect Action: “had finished” (happened
first)
▪ Simple Past Action: “went out” (happened second)
Activity:
• Identify the sequence of actions in the following
sentences. Determine which action happened first.

1. By the time we arrived, the movie had started.

2.After he had eaten, he went to bed.
3.She had left before I called her.
4.When I got to the station, the train had already
departed.
Simple Past Tense Passive
o Structure: Subject + was/were + past participle
o Examples:
▪ “The book was read by many students.”
▪ “The cake was baked by my grandmother.”
• Activity:
• Convert the following active sentences into passive sentences.
1.“The teacher explained the lesson.”
2.“They built the house in 1990.”
Past Continuous Tense Passive
o Structure: Subject + was/were + being + past participle
o Examples:
▪ “The project was being completed by the team.”
▪ “The song was being sung by the choir.”
• Activity:
• Convert the following active sentences into passive sentences.
1.“My mother was making lunch.”
2.“They were painting the house.”
Past Perfect Tense Passive
o Structure: Subject + had been + past participle
o Examples:
▪ “The letter had been sent before the deadline.”
▪ “The movie had been watched by everyone.”
• Activity:
• Convert the following active sentences into passive sentences.
1.“They had finished the project.”
2.“She had written the report.”