DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL
SURGICAL NURSING
LESSON PLAN
ON
PULMONARY OEDEMA
Central objectives
At the end of the session the college students will gain an in-depth knowledge about
pulmonary edema, develops a positive attitude and practice it while providing care.
Specific objectives
Through this session students will be able to
• Define pulmonary oedema
• Identify the types of pulmonary oedema
• Enumerate the causes of pulmonary oedema
• List down the symptoms of pulmonary oedema
• discuss the diagnostic methods of pulmonary oedema
• recognize the treatment options for pulmonary oedema
Sl. Specific Content Teachers & AV aids evaluation
No objectives learning
activity
At the end INTRODUCTION
of the The lungs are vital organs responsible
class the for the exchange of gases—mainly
students oxygen and carbon dioxide—between
will be the body and the environment. Located
able to in the chest, they are part of the
respiratory system, which includes the
airways, lungs, and muscles involved
in breathing. The primary function of
the lungs is to provide oxygen to the
bloodstream and remove carbon
dioxide, a waste product of
metabolism.
While some lung diseases are acute
and treatable, others are chronic and
progressive, requiring long-term
management. Early detection and
treatment are essential in minimizing
damage to the lungs and improving
quality of life for those affected.
Understanding lung health and
recognizing the signs of lung disease
can help individuals seek timely
medical care and prevent serious
complications.
1. define DEFINITION Explain the Power point Define
pulmonary Pulmonary edema is a condition where definitive presentation pulmonary
oedema fluid accumulates in the lungs, making aspect of oedema
it difficult for a person to breathe. pulmonary
oedema
2. Identify TYPES Lecture cum Green What are
the types Cardiogenic pulmonary edema – discussion board the types
of This is caused by heart failure. When of
pulmonary the heart is not pumping effectively, pulmonary
oedema pressure increases in the blood vessels oedema?
of the lungs, leading to fluid leakage
into the lung tissue.
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
– This can result from conditions like
pneumonia, acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS), or inhalation of
harmful substances. In these cases, the
fluid buildup is not directly caused by
heart problems but by inflammation or
injury to the lungs.
3. Enumerate CAUSES Lecture cum leaflets What are
the causes Cardiogenic (Heart-Related): discussion the causes
of • Heart failure, heart attack, & for
pulmonary arrhythmias, or valve diseases Active pulmonary
oedema cause increased pressure in lung participation oedema?
vessels, leading to fluid buildup.
Non-Cardiogenic (Non-Heart-
Related):
• Conditions like pneumonia, acute
respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS), kidney failure, or
inhaling toxins can cause fluid
leakage into the lungs.
4. List down SYMPTOMS Lecture cum Power point What are
the The symptoms of pulmonary edema discussion presentation the
symptoms primarily result from difficulty symptoms
of breathing due to fluid buildup in the of
pulmonary lungs. Common symptoms include: Active pulmonary
oedema • Shortness of breath (especially participation oedema ?
when lying down)
• Rapid, shallow breathing
• Coughing (often with frothy, pink
sputum)
• Wheezing or a feeling of
tightness in the chest
• Feeling of suffocation or
drowning
• Fatigue or weakness
• Anxiety or restlessness
• Bluish skin (cyanosis), especially
around the lips or fingers
• Swelling in the legs or abdomen
(in cases linked to heart failure)
5. discuss the DIAGNOSIS Lecture cum Power point What are
diagnostic To diagnose pulmonary edema can be discussion presentation the
methods done by diagnostic
of 1. Medical History and Physical measures
pulmonary Exam: Checking for symptoms Active for
oedema like shortness of breath and signs participation pulmonary
such as crackling sounds in the oedema?
lungs.
2. Chest X-Ray: To visualize fluid in
the lungs.
3. Echocardiogram: To assess heart
function and identify heart-related
causes.
4. Blood Tests: Measuring markers
like BNP to evaluate heart
function.
5. ECG: To detect heart issues like
arrhythmias.
6. CT scan: For detailed lung
imaging if needed.
7. Arterial Blood Gas Test: To
measure oxygen and carbon
dioxide levels in the blood.
6. Recognize TREATMENT Discussion Digital What are
the The treatment of pulmonary edema with active board the
treatment focuses on addressing the underlying student treatment
options for cause and relieving symptoms. participation options
pulmonary Common treatments include: for
oedema 1. Oxygen Therapy: To improve pulmonary
oxygen levels in the blood, oedema?
especially in severe cases.
2. Diuretics: Medications like
furosemide are used to remove
excess fluid from the body and
reduce pressure in the lungs.
3. Vasodilators: Medications such as
nitroglycerin can help relax blood
vessels, reducing the heart's
workload and fluid buildup.
4. Inotropic Drugs: These may be
used to strengthen the heart’s
pumping ability if heart failure is
the cause.
5. Morphine: In some cases,
morphine is given to reduce
anxiety and improve breathing.
6. Mechanical Ventilation or CPAP:
In severe cases, mechanical
ventilation or continuous positive
airway pressure (CPAP) may be
required to assist breathing.
7. Treating the Underlying Cause:
For example, antibiotics for
pneumonia, surgery for valve
problems, or dialysis for kidney
failure.
The specific treatment depends on
whether the pulmonary edema is
cardiogenic or non-cardiogenic and its
severity.
RECAPITULIZATION
1. Define pulmonary oedema?
2. What are the types of pulmonary oedema?
3. What are the causes for pulmonary oedema?
4. What are the symptoms of pulmonary oedema
5. What are the diagnostic measures for pulmonary oedema?
6. What are the treatment options for pulmonary oedema
ASSIGNMENTS
Write an assignment on “role of mechanical ventilation in pulmonary oedema” and submit it on
10.02.2025
SUMMARY
Here by I summarised about introduction, definition, types, causes, symptoms and treatment of
pulmonary oedema
CONCLUSION
pulmonary edema is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the
accumulation of fluid in the lungs, impairing oxygen exchange and leading to difficulty
breathing. It can result from various underlying causes, such as heart failure, kidney disease, or
trauma, and requires prompt diagnosis and management to prevent complications. Treatment
typically focuses on addressing the root cause, providing supportive care to improve
oxygenation, and using medications to reduce fluid buildup. Early intervention and careful
management are essential in improving outcomes for patients with pulmonary edema.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Brunner and Siddharth’s textbook of medical surgical nursing. Volume 2. 12th edition.
Wolters kluwar publications. South Asia; 2011. P. 2069-72.
• Chintamani. Gopichandran. Lewis’s medical surgical nursing. 7th edition. Elsevier
publications. South Asia; 2011.p.1734- 38.
• Black’s Adult Health Nursing With Integrated Pathophysiology. Volume 1. Elsevier
Publications. South Asia; 2024. P.810-12.
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-edema/symptoms-causes/syc-
20377009
• https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24218-pulmonary-edema
