QUANTIFYING COVID-19 CONTENT IN THE
ONLINE HEALTH OPINION WAR USING
MACHINE LEARNING
A PROJECT STAGE-I PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Submitted by
G.NANDINI (19E11A1209)
N.AKSHARA (19E11A1202)
M.PRANAVI (19E11A1204)
K.LIKHITHA (19E11A1205)
Under the Supervision of
Dr. N. Srihari Rao, Ph.D.
Professor
Department of Information Technology
BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Accredited by NAAC, Accredited by NBA (UG Programmes: CSE & ECE)
Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH Hyderabad
Ibrahimpatnam-501 510, Hyderabad, Telangana.
DECEMBER 2023
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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Accredited by NAAC, Accredited by NBA (UG Programmes: CSE & ECE)
Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH Hyderabad
Ibrahimpatnam -501 510, Hyderabad, Telangana
Certificate
This is to certify that the Project Stage-I project work entitled
“Quantifying Covid-19 content in the online opinion health war using
machine learning” is the bona fide work done
By
G.NANDINI (17E11A0509)
N.AKSHARA (17E11A0502)
M.PRANAVI (17E11A0504)
K.LIKHITHA (17E11A0505)
in the Department of Information Technology, BHARAT INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, Ibrahimpatnam is submitted to
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of B.Tech degree in
Information Technology during 2020- 2024.
Guide: Head of theDepartment:
Dr.N.Srihari Rao Dr. S. Karpaga Selvi
Professor Associate Professor
Dept. of IT/DS/CS, Dept of IT/DS/CS,
Bharat Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bharat Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Ibrahimpatnam – 501510, Hyderabad. Ibrahimpatnam – 501 510,Hyderabad.
Viva-Voce held on……………………………………………
Internal Examiner External Examiner
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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Accredited by NAAC, Accredited by NBA (UG Programmes: CSE & ECE)
Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH Hyderabad
Ibrahimpatnam -501 510, Hyderabad, Telangana
Vision of the Institution
To achieve the autonomous & university status and spread universal education by
inculcating discipline, character and knowledge into the young minds and mould them
into enlightened citizens.
Mission of the Institution
Our mission is to impart education,in a conduciveambience,as comprehensive as
possible, with the support of all the modern technologies andmake the studentsacquire
the ability and passion to workwisely,creatively and effectively for the betterment of our
society.
Vision of IT Department
Serving the high quality educational needs of local and rural students within the core
areas of Computer Science and Engineering and Information Technology through a
rigorous curriculum of theory, research and collaboration with other disciplines that is
distinguished by its impact on academia, industry and society.
Mission of IT Department
The Mission of the department of Computer Science and Engineering is
➢ To work closely with industry and research organizations to provide high quality
Computer education in both the theoretical and applications of Computer Science
and Engineering.
➢ The department encourages original thinking, fosters research and
development, evolve innovative applications of technology.
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DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Accredited by NAAC, Accredited by NBA (UG Programmes: CSE & ECE)
Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH Hyderabad
Ibrahimpatnam -501 510, Hyderabad, Telangana
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
The Information Technology program provides students with an in depth education in
the conceptual foundations of Information Technology and Computer Science and in
complex hardware and software systems. It allows them to explore the connections
between Information Technology and a variety of other disciplines in engineering and
outside. Combined with a strong education in mathematics, science, and the liberal arts
it prepares students to be leaders in Information Technology practice, applications to
other disciplines and research.
Program Educational Objective 1: (PEO1)
The graduates of Information Technology will have successful career in technology
or managerial functions.
Program Educational Objective 2: (PEO2)
The graduates of the program will have solid technical and professional foundation
to continue higher studies.
Program Educational Objective 3: (PEO3)
The graduates of the program will have skills to develop products, offer services
and create new knowledge.
Program Educational Objective 4: (PEO4)
The graduates of the program will have fundamental awareness of Industry
processes, tools and technologies.
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DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Accredited by NAAC, Accredited by NBA (UG Programmes: CSE & ECE)
Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH Hyderabad
Ibrahimpatnam -501 510, Hyderabad, Telangana
PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)
PO1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,
engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of
complex engineering problems.
PO2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified
needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the
cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research−based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of
data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques,
resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling
to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge
to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
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PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
PO9: Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member
or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with
the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
PO11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of
the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own
work,as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in
multidisciplinary environments.
PO12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and
ability to engage in independent and life−long learning in the broadest context of
technological change.
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DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Accredited by NAAC, Accredited by NBA (UG Programmes: CSE & ECE)
Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH Hyderabad
Ibrahimpatnam -501 510, Hyderabad, Telangana
PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)
PSO1: Foundation of mathematical concepts: To use mathematical methodologies
to crack problem using suitable mathematical analysis, data structure and
suitable algorithm.
PSO2: Foundation of Computer System: The ability to interpret the fundamental
concepts and methodology of computer systems. Students can understand the
functionality of hardware and software aspects of computer systems.
PSO3: Foundations of Software development: The ability to grasp the software
development lifecycle and methodologies of software systems. Possess
competent skills and knowledge of software design process.Familiarity and
practical proficiency with a broad area of programming concepts and provide
new ideas and innovations towards research.
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DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Accredited by NAAC, Accredited by NBA (UG Programmes: CSE & ECE)
Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH Hyderabad
Ibrahimpatnam -501 510, Hyderabad, Telangana
QUALITY OF THE PROJECT
I. Consideration to Factors
Factors Type of Project
(Environment, Safety, Ethics, (Application, Product, Research, Standards
Cost) Review, etc.)
This project has impact on This is a research based project
the WHO based on public which analyzes the efficient
information. results using the algorithms of
machine learning
II. POs and PSOs addressed through the project with justification
POs and
S. No. PSOs Justification
Addressed
1. PO1 Engineering knowledge: Machine Learning algorithms were used for
the comparison of results.
2. PO2 Problem analysis: The main drawbacks were observed, and led to
implementation of three machine−learning algorithms.
Design/Development of solutions: We had designed the solution
3. PO3 that gives the accurate values.
Modern Tool Usage: We had implemented all the algorithms
using modern engineering and IT tools (i.e., Python language and
4. PO5
Anaconda navigator).
Foundation of mathematical concepts: Calculating the accuracy
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5. PSO1 and precision are done based on these three algorithms.
Foundation of Software Development: This project has the proper
usage of Software Development Life Cycle.
6. PSO3
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DECLARATION
We hereby declare that this Project Work titled “Quantifying Covid-19
content in the online health opinion war using machine learning” is a
genuine project work carried out by us, in B.Tech (Information Technology)
degree course of Jawaharlal Nehru Technology University Hyderabad,
Hyderabad and has not been submitted to any other course or university for
the award of my degree by us.
Candidate Name(s) Roll Number Signature
1. G.NANDINI 17E11A0509
2. N.AKSHARA 17E11A0502
3. M.PRANAVI 17E11A0504
4. K.LIKHITHA 17E11A0505
Date:
ABSTRACT
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A huge amount of potentially dangerous COVID-19 misinformation is appearing online.
Here we use machine learning to quantify COVID-19 content among online opponents of
establishment health guidance, in particular vaccinations (‘‘anti-vax’’). We find that the anti-vax
community is developing a less focused debate around COVID-19 than its counterpart, the pro-
vaccination (‘‘pro-vax’’) community. However, the anti-vax community exhibits a broader range
of ‘‘flavors’’ of COVID-19 topics, and hence can appeal to a broader cross-section of individuals
seeking COVID-19 guidance online, e.g. individuals wary of a mandatory fast-tracked COVID-
19 vaccine or those seeking alternative remedies. Hence the anti-vax community looks better
positioned to attract fresh support going forward than the pro-vax community. This is concerning
since a widespread lack of adoption of a COVID-19 vaccine will mean the world falls short of
providing herd immunity, leaving countries open to future COVID-19 resurgences. We provide a
mechanistic model that interprets these results and could help in assessing the likely efficacy of
intervention strategies. Our approach is scalable and hence tackles the urgent problem facing
social media platforms of having to analyze huge volumes of online health misinformation and
disinformation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of the task would be put
incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible, whose constant guidance
and encouragement crown all the efforts with success.
We avail this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude and hearty thanks to Sri
CH. Venugopal Reddy, Chairman & Secretary of BIET, for providing congenial atmosphere and
encouragement.
We would like to thank Prof.G. Kumaraswamy Rao, Former Director & O.S. of DLRL
Ministry of Defense, Sr. Director R&D, BIET, Dr. V. Kannan, College Admin Incharge of BIET
and Dr. T.V.Rama Krishna, College Academic Incharge of BIET for having provided all the
facilities and support.
We would like to thank Dr. Karpaga Selvi S, Admin Incharge of IT/DS/CS and Dr. N.
Srihari Rao, Academic Incharge of IT/DS/CS, for their expert guidance and encouragement at
various levels of our project.
We are thankful to our Project Coordinator Dr. N. Srihari Rao, Professor in IT/DS/CS
Dept. for his support and cooperation throughout the process of this project.
We are thankful to our guide Dr.N.Srihari Rao, Professor in IT/DS/CS Dept. for his
sustained inspiring guidance and cooperation throughout the process of this project. His wise
counsel and suggestions were invaluable.
We express our deep sense of gratitude and thanks to all the Teaching and Non-Teaching
Staff of our college who stood with us during the project and helped us to make it a successful
venture.
We place highest regards to our Parents, our Friends and Well-wishers who helped a lot
in making the report of this project.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Chapter No. Title Page No.
Abstract ix
Acknowledgement x
Table of Contents xi
List of Figures xii
List of Abbreviations xiii
1 Introduction………………..…………………… 1
2 Literature Survey………………………………. 6
3 Motivation……………………………………... 8
3.1 Objectives……………………………………. 9
4 Problem Statement……………………………... 10
5 Design and methodology
5.1 Software requirement Specifications………. 12
5.2 Python & its libraries………………….…… 13
5.3 Anaconda…………………………………… 19
5.4 Supervised Learning……………….………. 22
5.5 Algorithms…………..……………………… 26
5.6 Syntax for Algorithm Implementation…….. 30
6 Conclusion and Future Scope…………………… 46
References………………………………………. 48
LIST OF FIGURES
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Number Figure Name Page No.
6.1 PythonDownload… 19
6.2 Installation… 19
6.3 Setup… 20
6.4 NumpyFeatures… 23
6.5 ScikitFeatures 23
6.6 PandasFeatures 24
6.7 Types of Matplotlib… 24
6.8 AnacondaNavigatorInstallation… 25
6.9 Installationoptions… 26
7.1 InstallationSuccessful… 26
7.2 Anaconda Home page 28
7.3 Exampleofclassification… 29
7.4 Exampleofregression 31
7.5 Working ofCART… 35
7.6 Screenshots…. 45
LIST OF TABLES
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Number Table Name Page No.
6.1 PythonDownload… 19
6.2 Installation… 19
6.3 Setup… 20
6.4 NumpyFeatures… 23
6.5 ScikitFeatures 23
6.6 PandasFeatures 24
7.1 InstallationSuccessful… 26
7.2 Anaconda Home page 28
7.3 Exampleofclassification… 29
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
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SYMBOL ABBREVIATION
CART Classification and Regression table
DM Data Mining
EDM Educational Data Mining
IBK Instance based KNN
IR Information Retrieval
KNN K Nearest Neighbor
ML Machine Learning
OLTP Online Transaction Processing
OMG Object management Group
PIP Preferred Installer Program
SRS Software Requirement Specification
SVM Support Vector Machine
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