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Financial Economics: Definition, Topics, Methods, and Importance
By Daniel Liberto Updated July 10, 2024
Reviewed by Erika Rasure
Fact checked by Michael Logan
Business District, Corporate Buildings in London
Zodebala / Getty Images
What Is Financial Economics?
Financial economics is a branch of economics that analyzes the use and
distribution of resources in markets. Financial decisions must often take
into account future events, whether those be related to individual stocks,
portfolios, or the market as a whole.
Key Takeaways
Financial economics analyzes the use and distribution of resources in
markets.
It employs economic theory to evaluate how time, risk, opportunity costs,
and information can create incentives or disincentives for a particular
decision.
Financial economics often involves the creation of sophisticated models to
test the variables affecting a particular decision.
How Financial Economics Works
Making financial decisions is not always a straightforward process. Time,
risk, opportunity costs, and information can create incentives and
disincentives. Financial economics employs economic theory to evaluate
how certain things impact decision-making, providing investors with the
instruments to make the right calls.
Financial economics usually involves the creation of sophisticated models
to test the variables affecting a particular decision. Often, these models
assume that individuals or institutions making decisions act rationally,
though this is not necessarily the case. The irrational behavior of parties
has to be taken into account in financial economics as a potential risk
factor.
This branch of economics builds heavily on microeconomics and basic
accounting concepts. It is a quantitative discipline that uses econometrics
as well as other mathematical tools.
Important
Financial economics necessitates familiarity with basic probability and
statistics since these are the standard tools used to measure and evaluate
risk.