Thi Alhejja 1446

May 2025

Mellinium World
Case Study
School
Design Studio 3

Presented By:
Aseel Khader Aljammly
Rola Fikri Abdalatif
Nour Alsousi
Leena Aburass

Presented To:
Dr. Suhair Ammar
Arch. Manar Aziz
TABLE OF
CONTENTS

GENERAL DATA
1 Form & Concept 02
Site Analysis 03

DRAWINGS ANALYSIS
2
Ground floor Analysis 04
First Floor Analysis 05
Second Floor Analysis 07
Circulation Analysis 09
Facades Analysis 10
Sections Analysis 11

3 STANDARDS
Planning Standards 13
Design Standards 15
Area Schedule 23

REFERENCES
4 References 24
 02

FORM

FORM & CONCEPT

FORM Site Description

DEVELOPMENT
The school serves students from kindergarten to grade 12, divided
into three distinct zones based on age group and floor level.
It preserves natural site elements, such as rows of existing coconut
trees.
The entry plaza features a koi pond, green lawns, and comfortable
waiting areas used by both parents and students.

Designer Note: “At Millennium World

School, courtyards dictate untold
stories of boundless joy, laughter, and
light. Bathed in shaded trees and
shifting lights, it holds a space for
quietness as well as vibrant energy.
Here, play and learning intertwine,
knowledge is discovered, and
childhoods are painted with wonders.”
~ Anusha Sridhar

Design Concept

Learning through nature: The design integrates the outdoors

into the learning experience through open courtyards and
green spaces.

Functional organization by age: The layout of building masses

enhances privacy and focus for each age group.

Climatic response: Elements such as Corten steel fins, deep-

set windows, and strategic orientation reduce solar heat gain.

Flexible usage: Internal courtyards are used for assemblies,

activities, and outdoor classes.

A dynamic, evolving character: Materials like weathering steel

(Corten) develop a rust patina over time, giving the building a
living, adaptive appearance.
 03

SITE ANALYSIS

SITE
ANALYSIS
GENERAL DATA: Site plan: LEGEND
SCALE 1:500
Name: Millennium World School Hassan
Project Type:Educational Architecture Design
Location:Address:Hassan,Karnataka, India
Construction year: 2024
Area: 12500 sqm
Rural residential Sun path
Approx. Users No.: person
areas
Designed by: Roadhouse Architects
Project Architect: Agni Shivakumar, Manoj H S

Agricultural Undeveloped
Location:
lands lands
Asia, India,

Southwest Northeast
monsoon winds: monsoon winds:
from month May from October to
to September. November.

surroundings:
The school is located near a lake to its
Karnataka State, Hassan City, Chikkakondagola northwest, which helps improve the local
Koppalu Area, Millennium World School Hassan climate, humidify the air, and support
biodiversity, enhancing a comfortable and
beautiful learning environment.

Tejur Road is a main

road that connects It is surrounded by
the rural areas agricultural fields,
surrounding the city providing a calm and
of Hassan, making the conducive
school easily environment for
accessible from the learning
city and nearby areas.

Topography:

Site Accessibility for the School

The siThe site has good access via the paved

main road (Tejur Road), but the direct access
road is partly unpaved, affecting ease of entry,
especially in the rainy season.
Millennium World School Hassan is located in a quiet
Recommendations:
rural area on the outskirts of Hassan city in the state of
Design safe vehicle entrances and exits.
Karnataka, within the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of
Pave the access road to improve mobility.
approximately 950 meters above sea level. It is
Provide sufficient parking on site.
surrounded by agricultural lands and low hills.
Use clear signage for easy navigation.
 PLAN 04

FIRST FLOOR
PLAN

SCALE 1:200

Library: Toilets: Art Room:

Its proximity to the entrance well distributed and easily Far from Classrooms,
may expose it to noise. accessible to students facing the outside

Accounts:
A little bit insulated
from the visitors. Open Air Theatre:
1.Needs proper
shading.
2.Relatively far from
classes but it may
Information Desk:
cause noise.
functions well for
supervision and
guidance,
Courtyard:
especially with its
acts as an open space
proximity to the
for student gatherings
administration.
and recreational
activities, enhancing
Lobby: the school
1.Serving as a atmosphere.
primary transition
space for students
and visitors.
2.Its connection
with administration Number of Classrooms: The school contains 34 classrooms
and the designed to accommodate the student population
information desk is efficiently.
excellent. Classroom Capacity: Each classroom is designed for 32
3.The southwest students.
orientation allows Classroom Size: The average area of each classroom is
natural light in but approximately 58 square meters (1.8 square meters per
needs treatment student).
Layout: The classrooms are arranged around a central
courtyard in a U-shaped layout. This design promotes
natural ventilation and daylighting for all rooms.
Accessibility and Circulation: The U-shaped arrangement
facilitates easy movement between classrooms and
provides direct views of the courtyard from most
classrooms.
Openings: The classrooms have windows on the north and
south sides. This arrangement facilitates effective cross
ventilation within the classrooms.
PLAN 05

FIRST FLOOR
PLAN

SCALE 1:100
 PLAN ANALYSIS 06

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

ANALYSIS

Functional Distribution:
1. Classrooms:
Located along all four edges of the building.
Evenly distributed to ensure optimal daylight and ventilation through side windows.
The large number of classrooms suggests high student capacity.
2. Laboratories:
Chemistry Lab (2) and Physics Lab (3) are located in the upper-left section, adjacent to
each other, facilitating student movement between them.
Math Lab (5) and IT Lab (4) are located near classrooms for integrated theoretical and
practical learning.
3. Library (6):
Located centrally at the bottom of the plan, facing the internal courtyard.
Its central location makes it easily accessible from all directions.
The open, central design highlights its importance in school life.
4. Staff Room (7):
Located near the library in a quieter zone, away from the main circulation.
Its position facilitates staff interaction without disruption.
Open Spaces (Courtyards):
Two large internal courtyards provide natural light and ventilation to adjacent spaces.
The presence of trees and greenery enhances the environmental and psychological
quality of the school setting.
Circulation:
Corridors are wide and linear, connecting all spaces efficiently.
Two main staircases (one on the left, one on the right) support vertical circulation
between floors.
Multiple entry points on various sides allow flexible access depending on function.
Surrounding Environment:
Green zones are located on both the right and left edges of the site.
The design integrates indoor and outdoor spaces through balconies and large windows.
PLAN 07

FIRST FLOOR
PLAN

SCALE 1:100
 PLAN ANALYSIS 08

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

ANALYSIS

Functional Distribution:
1. Classrooms:
Distributed along the eastern and western wings.
The layout mirrors that of the first floor, ensuring classrooms benefit from natural
lighting and cross-ventilation.
2. Library (5):
Located centrally, just like on the first floor.
This emphasizes the library's pivotal role in the academic life of the school and connects
educational and cultural functions.
3. Biology Lab (4):
Positioned near the library, which facilitates integrated learning with access to research
resources.
4. Music Room (2):
Located at the far top-right of the plan.
Its slightly isolated location is suitable for sound-intensive activities like music practice
5. C.E.O Office (7) & Conference Room (8):
Positioned in the far-left wing, away from student circulation zones.
This ensures privacy and a quiet environment for administrators.
6. Staff Room (6):
Located near the library in a quieter zone, away from the main circulation.
Its position facilitates staff interaction without disruption
Open Spaces (Courtyards):
Two large internal courtyards provide natural light and ventilation to adjacent spaces.
The presence of trees and greenery enhances the environmental and psychological
quality of the school setting.
Circulation:
Corridors are wide and linear, connecting all spaces efficiently.
Two main staircases (one on the left, one on the right) support vertical circulation
between floors.
Multiple entry points on various sides allow flexible access depending on function.
 PLAN ANALYSIS 09

CIRCULATION ANALYSIS

Administrative Academic Circulation: Recreational

Circulation: Flows from the main lobby Circulation:
These routes are toward the classroom These paths are
short, direct, and wings (10). pleasant,
separated from Classrooms are surrounded by
academic spaces for distributed around the greenery, and placed
privacy and quiet. two courtyards (14 and 15) between classroom
for easy access without zones to reduce
overlapping. noise.

Southern Main Entrance:

Leads directly into the main entrance
lobby (1), from which most circulation
paths branch out.
Includes the information desk (2) and
administrative areas (3, 4, 5, 6, 7).

Eastern Entrance: Staircase

Connects to the classroom zone here are two main staircases located
(10) and the open-air theatre (15). at the center of the building,
Serves students coming from the symmetrically distributed.
Exterior main entrance east or users of the play and Each staircase is placed adjacent to
academic areas. service areas (toilets), ensuring
efficient integration of circulation and
Interior entrance
services.

Horizontal circulation
 FACADES ANALYSIS 10

FACADES TREATMENT

Climate Responsiveness:
The school site is located in a tropical Massing Orientation: Window Design:
savanna climate zone, with high
temperatures in April and heavy rainfall The taller western block houses activity Deep-set windows in both blocks
from May to September. rooms and laboratories. provide protection from intense sunlight
The abundant trees on site are utilized to and heavy rainfall.
provide natural shading, reducing direct The shorter eastern block contains
solar heat and enhancing user comfort, classrooms and courtyards, enabling Classrooms are mainly oriented to the
thereby promoting sustainability and mutual shading between the masses. north, overlooking the playground and
environmental comfort for the building. allowing soft, diffused daylight to enter.

Use of Durable and Local Materials:

Educational & Interactive Elements: Southern Façade Treatment:
The school’s façades feature materials like
Corten steel, which develops a natural rust
Alternating built-in shelves between Equipped with angled Corten steel fins
patina over time, providing both protection
windows create playful niches that serve that weather naturally over time, and a dynamic visual identity.
both visual and functional purposes. forming a rust layer that enhances the This reflects an architectural approach
evolving visual identity of the building. focused on durability and low
The design equally emphasizes spaces maintenance, while offering a façade that
that support both outdoor and indoor These fins, along with the entry plaza evolves with the seasons, enriching the
learning, reflecting the dynamic and trees, function as sunshades to mitigate user’s visual experience and reinforcing the
playful spirit of children. strong southern sunlight. continuity of the design.
 SECTIONS ANALYSIS 11

DESIGN STANDARDS

Relationship between spaces: There is a division between academic and

social activities, with spaces on the upper floors focused on classrooms and
laboratories, while the lower floors are dedicated to services and
other facilities.

The building was designed to achieve environmental sustainability by

Windows and openings: Large windows are distributed throughout the building's facades,
maximizing natural light and natural ventilation. The green spaces
allowing for abundant natural light. The presence of windows on the upper floors
surrounding the building also enhance the work environment and
provides good airflow and contributes to natural ventilation.
psychological comfort.

Open Spaces: The plans show open spaces designated for group
activities, such as wide corridors and courtyards. These spaces
promote interaction among users and provide a comfortable
learning environment.

The stairs in this architectural sector connect the floors in an

open and modern way, with a strategic distribution that allows
for easy movement, and the use of safe and comfortable
materials, with an emphasis on taking advantage of natural
light and the surrounding spaces.

Lighting: Due to the distribution of large windows, natural light is

primarily used, which helps save energy and creates a bright learning Stairs are clearly visible connecting the floors, reflecting the efficient
environment. movement of students between the different levels. Traffic flow
between spaces is well organized.

The corridors are clear and allow for a flow of movement between the
different spaces, with stairs connecting the floors. The spaces appear
Bus entrance at an area below ground level
designed to provide easy access for students and teachers.
 SECTIONS ANALYSIS 12

DESIGN STANDARDS

There appears to be an emphasis on green spaces in the

This section shows varying levels of ground and roof,
external corridors and courtyard, which enhances the
reflecting an attempt at dynamic design and space
psychological comfort of students.
distribution that suits the building's use.

Highlights the use of open spaces

that encourage social interaction
among students.

In the school building, hot and cold air currents continuously move within classrooms and corridors to maintain the comfort of students and teachers. The cold air,
which is denser and heavier, sinks down and fills the areas close to the ground, while the hot air rises due to its lightness and lower density. As a result, natural air
vortices are formed, allowing the exchange of air between warm and cold areas inside the building. This distribution helps achieve good ventilation and thermal
balance, where cold air is pushed from air conditioners or windows into the rooms, while hot air rises and moves toward ventilation openings or upper entrances to
exit the building. This balance maintains a suitable temperature and improves air quality inside the school, contributing to a healthy and comfortable learning
environment.
 13

PLANNING STANDARDS
1- Safety and Public Health Standards:
1.The school site should be located away from main roads and highways to minimize the risk of
accidents and ensure student safety.
2.It should be away from sources of noise and pollution, such as industrial zones, airports, and
amusement parks.
3.The school must be distanced from factories and visually or acoustically disturbing areas, to
maintain a healthy and safe educational environment.
4.The building design must meet safety and security standards, including emergency exits and alarm
systems.
5.The location of parking areas should not conflict with pedestrian paths, ensuring public safety.
6.Entrances should be clear and secure, with a separate service entrance for delivery and storage
vehicles.

2- Site and Surrounding Environment Standards:

1.The school should be located within a residential neighborhood, serving students within their
optimal planning influence zones.
2.The site must face at least one street with a minimum width of 6 meters.
3.It should be located on local or secondary streets, and the walking distance for children should
not exceed 500 meters.
4.The surrounding environment should be visually clean, healthy, and near essential services such
as hospitals and fire stations.

3- Movement and Circulation Standards:

1.There should be clear separation between parking for visitors, staff, and school buses, to avoid
congestion and confusion.
2.Priority should be given to visitor parking, ensuring it is clearly visible and easy to access,
especially for first-time users.
3.The site should include designated areas for bus and parent vehicle parking and turning to ensure
smooth traffic flow.
4.The school must maintain a minimum setback of 3 meters from adjacent buildings to reduce noise
transfer.

4- Comfort and Environmental Quality Standards:

1.The design should include green areas and tree belts to improve air quality and school climate.
2.Use of environmentally friendly building materials is encouraged to reduce environmental impact
and promote sustainability.
3.Internal spaces should be properly oriented to ensure natural lighting and ventilation.

5- Architectural Design Standards related:

1.The school building should ideally consist of one to three wings maximum, with easy accessibility
between them.
2.Entrances should be expressive and welcoming, clearly indicating their function.
3.The site should be able to accommodate future expansions without compromising the
environment or overall design integrity.
 14

DESIGN STANDARDS
Planning Standards Specific to the Gaza Strip:

1.Efficient land use due to limited land availability and high population density.
2.Vertical expansion is preferred when needed, while preserving natural ventilation and lighting.
3.School sites should be easily accessible by foot or simple transportation methods, due to weak
road infrastructure.
4.Clear and safe pedestrian paths should be provided, especially in the absence of sidewalks or
proper lighting.
5.Schools should be designed to withstand emergency situations such as airstrikes, ideally with safe
rooms or shelters.
6.Internal circulation should support quick and safe evacuation in emergencies.
7.Use of local, affordable building materials that are easy to maintain or replace.
8.Simple, cost-effective designs that can be implemented even with limited budgets or through
community efforts.
9.Consider the use of alternative energy sources (e.g., solar panels) when possible.
10.Schools should be designed to function as community centers during crises (e.g., shelters, aid
distribution points).
11.Provide multipurpose open spaces that can serve community functions outside school hours.
12.Respect cultural norms by ensuring gender separation when needed, especially in secondary
schools.
13.Separate entrances for students, teachers, and visitors to ensure privacy and organized access.
14.Flexible school designs that allow for future modifications or expansions.
15.Avoid complex architectural elements that are difficult to maintain given limited local resources.
 15

DESIGN STANDARDS
General Design Standards for School Buildings
1- Building and Classroom Orientation:
1.The school should preferably be oriented to the north to enhance natural ventilation and lighting.
2.Classrooms should face north, with an allowable deviation of up to 25 degrees to the east or west.
3.If optimal orientation is not achievable, full sun breakers must be used.
4.Classrooms should be oriented away from direct sunlight to reduce the need for sunshades, while
considering wind and rainfall directions.

2- Dimensions and Heights:

1.The maximum building height is ground floor plus 4 floors (approximately 18 meters), in
accordance with local building regulations.
2.Each floor should have a ceiling height between 3 to 3.5 meters to ensure proper ventilation.

3- Internal Layout:
1.Lower floors (ground and first) should be allocated to younger students for ease of access and
safety.
2.Service areas (such as restrooms and administrative facilities) should be located near all key
building components for accessibility.
4- Safety and Security:
1.The design must comply with safety standards, including safe entrances/exits and emergency
alarm systems.
5- Outdoor and Green Areas:
1.Tree belts and green zones should surround the building to create a healthy and calming
environment.
2.At least 5 square meters per student should be allocated for outdoor play and recreation spaces.

6- Flexibility and Future Expansion:

1.The building should be designed to allow horizontal and vertical expansion, accommodating
future changes in curricula and teaching methods.
2.The school may be divided into several interconnected or separate buildings based on student
numbers and spatial needs.

7- Proportional Building Size:

1.The building size and space distribution should be proportionate to the number and age of
students to ensure an effective and comfortable learning environment..
 16

DESIGN STANDARDS
Classroom Design Standards
1. General Shape & Area:
1.The ideal classroom shape is rectangular, with the shorter
side designated for the blackboard.
2.Space allocation per student:
Traditional teaching: 1.8–2.0 m²/student
Group-based teaching: 3.0 m²/student
Open plan teaching: 4.5 m²/place (including ancillary spaces)
1.Total classroom area: 65–70 m² (Architects' Data).
2.Classroom depth: 6–8 m, 7.20 m for clear visibility.
3.Air volume per student: minimum 4 m³.
2. Capacity & Occupancy:
1.Preferred number of students: 24
2.Maximum capacity: 32–40 students, depending on
population density.
3. Internal Dimensions & Doors:
1.The classroom door should be placed at the front, open
outward, and be at least 1.0 m wide.
2.Door recess should be slightly set back from the wall
alignment.
3.Classroom height: not less than 3.0 m, ideally between 3.25–
3.75 m.
4.Distance between the first desk and the blackboard:
minimum 2.0 m.
5.Distance between the last desk and the blackboard:
maximum 8.0–9.0 m.
4. Lighting & Ventilation:
1.Adequate natural lighting and continuous ventilation are essential for a healthy indoor
environment.
2.Light should come from the student's left side to avoid casting shadows.
3.If classroom depth is ≥ 6.5 m, lighting should be from two sides.
4.Windows should not be placed at the back of the classroom to avoid glare.
5.Window area should be 20%–50% of the classroom wall area.
6.Window sill height must be above the seated eye level of students to avoid distractions.
7.No direct natural or artificial light source should be in the teacher’s line of sight.
8.Clear ceiling height should be between 2.70–3.40 m.
 17

DESIGN STANDARDS
Classroom Design Standards
5. Visibility & Orientation:
1.Classrooms should preferably be oriented to the north for optimal daylight and ventilation.
2.Viewing angles:
Front view angle should not exceed 45°.
Side view angles should not be less than 20°–25° from the front view.
3. Ensure comfortable sightlines for all students with no visual obstructions.
4. Follow acoustic and visual principles to maintain effective communication and clarity between
the teacher and students.

teacher student

5. Tables:

750-1050

1000-1200
 18

DESIGN STANDARDS
Science Laboratories Design Standards
1. General Purpose:
Designed for practical teaching of subjects like Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.
2. Location & Orientation:
Windows should be oriented toward the south or southwest to maximize appropriate lighting.

3. Preparation & Support Spaces:

1.A preparation room should be provided for each laboratory, or one shared room between two
laboratories depending on space and function.
2.Rooms for storage, collections, and materials may be separate for each subject or combined,
with an area of:
30–40 m² for small schools.
Up to 70 m² for larger institutions.

4. Area & Space Requirements:

1.Space allocation:
2.5 m² per student.
Total laboratory area: 70–80 m² for each science lab (Biology, Chemistry, or Physics).
2. A second entrance/exit is required for safety and circulation.
3. Internal rooms without windows (using artificial lighting) are acceptable when necessary
5. Lab Fixtures & Furniture:
1.Workbench size: 90 × 150 cm.
2.Each workbench is equipped with a sink of size 25 × 40 cm.
3.One sink serves 4 students.
4.In Physics labs, it may suffice to place a single sink at the teacher’s bench.

6. Circulation & Supervision:

1.The width of the lab should match that of a regular classroom to allow flexibility in integrating
with the academic wing.
2.The layout must enable easy supervision by the teacher, with clear circulation paths that allow
students and teachers to move without disrupting others.
 19

DESIGN STANDARDS
Library Design Standards
1. Location:
1.The library should be placed in a central location that is easily accessible to all users.
2.Preferably located on the first floor for ease of access and connection to other academic
spaces.
2. Lighting:
1.Provide adequate and comfortable lighting suitable for reading and concentration. Natural
lighting is preferred, complemented with proper artificial lighting as needed.
3. Area Requirement:
1.Standard area:
0.35 – 0.55 m² per pupil
(This includes reading spaces, bookshelves, media areas, and circulation space.)

Multipurpose Hall Standards:

1. Area and Dimensions:
1.The total area of the hall should not be less than 200 square meters.
2.There should be at least one side of the hall with a length of no less than 10 meters.
2. Uses and Attached Facilities:
1.The hall is primarily used for student performances and honoring ceremonies.
2.Importance of a Preparation Room: It is preferred and important that a small preparation room
is attached to the hall backstage.
3.Preparation Room Area: The area of the preparation room should not be less than 10 square
meters.
3. Floor Design:
1.The floor of the hall can be level.
2.Tiered Option: Alternatively, the floor can be tiered to provide better visibility for the audience.
3.Seat Riser in Tiered Configuration: If the floor is tiered, the riser height of the audience seats
should be 15 cm for each subsequent row to ensure excellent viewing for all attendees
 20

DESIGN STANDARDS
Ancillary Spaces
Principal's Office:
1.Area: Ranging between 20-30 square meters.
2.Lighting and Ventilation: Must be well-lit and ventilated naturally and artificially.
3.Location: Preferably located as close as possible to the main entrance of the school for easy
access and communication.
4.Private Restroom: The office must include a private restroom containing a toilet and a sink. This
restroom should have good lighting and ventilation.

Secretary's Office
1.Area: Ranging between 20-24 square meters.
2.Relationship with the Principal's Office: Should be closely connected to the principal's office, and
it is preferable to have an internal door connecting the secretary's office to the principal's office
for easy communication.

Doctor's Office/Medical Room

1.Area: Ranging from 20-30 square meters and must contain first aid supplies.
2.Location and Environment: The room's location should allow for sunlight and continuous
ventilation, while being away from classroom noise to provide a quiet environment for
examinations and treatment.

Teachers' Rooms/Staff Rooms

1.Area: Should be appropriately spacious for the number of teachers using the room.
2.Location: Should be close to the classrooms to facilitate teachers' access to their classes and
student supervision.
3.Distribution in Multi-Story Schools: In multi-story schools, it is preferable to have a dedicated
teachers' room on each floor to facilitate supervision of students.

Prayer Area/Musalla
1.It is preferable to dedicate a quiet hall in the schoolyard as an independent prayer room
(Musalla)
2. including an entrance with shoe storage, a spacious prayer area with an appropriate height, and
an ablution area with low basins and seating.
3.A rectangular or square design is preferred, avoiding large glass surfaces on the walls, and
providing good ventilation and natural lighting
4.Its capacity is estimated based on the number of students, considering the orientation towards
the Qibla and the organization of rows
 21

DESIGN STANDARDS
Corridors
1- Width of Corridors:
Minimum width in classroom areas: 2.00 m.
Minimum width in classroom areas for less than 180 people: 1.25 m.
In corridors serving classrooms on both sides, avoid opposing doors.

2- Escape Routes:
1.Minimum clear width: 1 m per 150 people.
2.Maximum length:
a. 25 m measured in a straight line from the stairwell door to the furthest workplace.
b. 30 m measured in an indirect line to the center of the room.

Stairs
1- Width of Stairwell: The adopted width of the stairwell is 4.3 m.
2- Width of Landing: 1.6 m.
3- Usable Width of Stairs: 1.25 m - 2.0 m (minimum 1.25 m, maximum 2.50 m).
a- Maximum Width of Stairs: ≤ 2 m (if the width doubles to 2 m, the supports should be doubled).
b- Width of Stairs based on Occupancy:0.80 m per 100 people (minimum 1.25 m, maximum
2.50m).
c- Alternatively: 0.10 m per 15 people.
4- Occupancy Calculation for Stairs:
a- Top floor: calculated at 100% occupancy.
b- Remaining floors: calculated at 50% occupancy.
 22

DESIGN STANDARDS
Restrooms
1.Components: Include toilets/WC and hand wash basins designated for the use of students,
faculty/teachers, and staff.
2.Grouping and Location: It is advisable to group the toilets/washrooms in a single unit that is
easily accessible from various areas in the schoolyard/courtyard.
3.Separation from the Building: It is preferable to separate the toilet/washroom units from the
main school building to avoid potential problems resulting from water leakage and maintenance
requirements.
4.Vertical Distribution: It is preferable to provide toilets/washrooms on each floor, with their
location being vertically stacked/aligned to facilitate plumbing connections on the vertical level,
while ensuring easy access from the classrooms.
5.Co-educational Schools: In the case of co-educational schools, separate toilets/washrooms are
designated for boys and girls. The toilets can be located in the same block with the design of the
entrances ensuring complete separation between the boys' and girls' toilets.
6.Ratio and Design:
a.For every 40 male students: 1 toilet is required.
b.For every 20 female students: 1 toilet is required.
c.Toilet doors should open outwards or inwards and must be lockable from the inside.
7.Orientation: It is preferable to orient the toilet/washroom units towards the east or south
direction whenever possible to help prevent the spread of unpleasant odors.
 23

AREA SCHEDULE
 24

REFERENCES
General Data ِAnd Drawings:
1. httRoadhouse Architects. (2024). Millennium World School Hassan. ArchDaily. Retrieved from
https://www.archdaily.com/1027615/millennium-world-school-hassan-roadhouse-architect

2. Millennium World School Hassan. (n.d.). Official Website. 2025, from https://mwshassan.com

3. Millennium Schools. (n.d.). Millennium World School - Hassan. 2025, from

https://www.millenniumschools.co.in/hassan/

4. UNI Journal. (n.d.). Millennium World School Hassan – A Sustainable and Child-Centric
Educational Space. Retrieved May 30, 2025, from https://uni.xyz/journal/millennium-world-school-
hassan-a-sustain

5. The Architects Diary. (2025, March 18). This school courtyard nurtures curiosity and encourages
playfulness | Roadhouse Architects. Retrieved May 30, 2025, from
https://thearchitectsdiary.com/this-school-courtyard-nurtures-curiosity-and-encourages-
playfulness-roadhouse-architects/

Site Analysis:
6. Topographic Map. (n.d.). India Topographic Map. 2025, from https://en-gb.topographic-
map.com/map-42tf/India/

7. Unacademy. (n.d.). A brief summary on climate of India. 2025, from

https://unacademy.com/content/bank-exam/study-material/general-awareness/a-brief-summary-
on-climate-of-india/

Facades:
8. Frearson, A. (2014, November 2). DMOA Architecten covers Corten House in weathered steel fins.
Dezeen. Retrieved from https://www.dezeen.com/2014/11/02/dmoa-architecten-corten-house-
weathered-steel-fins-belgium/

9. Surfaces Reporter. (n.d.). Corten Steel Facade and Sculptural Staircase by RD Studio. Retrieved ,
2025, from https://www.surfacesreporter.com/articles/186188/corten-steel-facade-and-
sculptural-staircase-by-rd-studio

Standards:
10. Neufert, E., & Neufert, P. (2000). Architects' Data (4th ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science.