Question:

What is the maximum number of

touches a team is allowed before
returning the ball over the net?
Which skill is used to receive a
serve in volleyball?
In an official volleyball game, how
many players are on the court for
each team at a time?
HISTORY OF
VOLLEYBALL
 HISTORY TIMELINE OF VOLLEYBALL

1895 1896 1897 1913

William G. Morgan Name change by First official volleyball First international
invents volleyball as Alfred Halstead. rules are published. volleyball competition in
"mintonette." Manila.

1920 1922 1928 1947

Beach volleyball gained First U.S. nationwide USVBA (now USAV) is FIVB is founded in
popularity in California volleyball tournament. established. Paris.
and Miami.
 HISTORY TIMELINE OF VOLLEYBALL

1949 1952 1964 1984

First men’s world First women’s world Volleyball debuts in the FIVB headquarters move
volleyball volleyball Olympics (Tokyo). to Lausanne,
championship. championship. Switzerland.

LATE 20TH CENTURY "Official Handbook of the

Volleyball expands globally; Cuban women's Athletic League of the Young
team dominates.
Men's Christian Associations of
North America” (1897).
GAME CHARACTERISTICS
AND OBJECTIVE OF THE
GAME

BPE 321 - GROUP 2

OBJECTIVE OF GAME
THE GAME CHARACTERISTICS
score points by Volleyball is a game played by 2 teams with 6
players each playing inside the court and
grounding the ball on the another 6 or less for a substitute.

opponent's court and to Players are typically limited to three contacts of

the ball per side to get it over the net.
prevent the opponent Players rotate their positions on the court in
from doing the same on a specific sequence
Scoring System
your court, all while Requires strategic thinking in terms of
adhering to the specific positioning, blocking, and attacking to exploit
weaknesses in the opponent's defense.
rules of the game. Played both indoors and outdoors
DIMENSIONS OF
VOLLEYBALL COURT
AND NET HEIGHTS
Volleyball Court Dimensions:

Indoor Volleyball:

The playing court is a rectangle measuring

18 meters (59 feet) long and 9 meters (29.5
feet) wide.

It's divided into two equal 9m x 9m courts

by the center line

An attack line is located 3 meters

(approximately 10 feet) from the center line,
dividing each side into a front zone and back
zone.

A "free zone" surrounds the court, with a

minimum of 3 meters wide. For FIVB, world
and official competitions, the free zone
measures a minimum of 5m from the side
lines and 8m from the ends lines.
 Beach Volleyball:
* The court measures 16 meters (52.5 feet)
long and 8 meters (26.2 feet) wide.
PLAYER ROLES/POSITION
ON A VOLLEYBALL TEAM
HOW EACH PLAYER CONTRIBUTE
FACILITIES &
EQUIPMENT
FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT
The Ball

The standard volleyball is made of

leather or synthetic leather, weighs
between 9 and 10 ounces and has a
circumference of 25.6 to 26.4 inches.
The ball has a rubber bladder and can
be one colour or a combination of
colors. Synthetic leather is lighter and
is fine for beginner players. Junior
volleyballs for children 12 years old
and younger weigh between 7 and 8
ounces.
FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT
The Net and Court

The outdoor volleyball court

measures 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a
free zone that is 2 meters wide on all
sides. The minimum playing space
for U.S and Nigeria volleyball
competitions is 7 meters. The
volleyball net is 32 feet long by 3
feet wide. For women, the net
should be 7 feet, 4 1/8 inches high.
For men, the net should be 7 feet, 11
5/8 inches high.
FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT
Lines

The playing court is marked by two

sidelines and two end lines. All
lines must be 2 inches wide and
must be created with a light colour
that is easy to discern from the
playing court. An attack line should
be placed three meters from the
center line. The center line divides
the court into two 9 x 9-meter
courts.
EXAMPLE;
FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT
Posts and Cables

The volleyball net structure is held

together with metal cables and
posts. Posts are placed 0.5 to 1.0
meter outside the sidelines and 2.55
meters high. Posts should be round,
smooth and padded, to prevent
injury to the players should they dive
or crash into them. Metal wires and
cables may need to be covered if it is
determined that they present a
danger to the players.
EXAMPLE;
FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT
Antenna and Side Bands

Antenna are flexible rods that

are 1.8 meters long made of
fiberglass, fastened at the
outer edge of each side band.
Side bands are two white
bands attached vertically to
the net and placed above each
sideline.
EXAMPLE;
KNEE PADS
SHOES
CLOTHES SHORT AND
T-SHIRT
BALL
COURT
FINGER TAPING OR
BUDDY TAPING
 REPORTED BY: MASGON, RODRIGO JR

RULES, MECHANICS OF THE GAME

AND SCORING
BASIC RULES OF A team consists of six players on the court.

VOLLEYBALL The game starts with a coin toss to decide

serve.

Each team gets three touches per

possession (pass, set, attack).

A player cannot hit the ball twice in a row

(except on a block).

The ball must stay within court boundaries

during play.

A team rotates clockwise after winning a

serve.

A match is played in best of five sets

(except for recreational formats).
 Coin toss

team rotates clockwise

three touches
 MECHANICS OF
THE GAME
Serving: The ball is served from behind the end line; can
be overhand or underhand.

Passing: Players use forearm passes (bumps) to control

the ball.

Setting: A soft overhead pass to prepare for an attack.

Attacking (Spiking): A forceful hit to score points.

Blocking: Front-row players prevent spikes from crossing.

Defense (Digging): Players use low passes to save the ball

from hitting the floor.
 BALL IN PLAY Felipe D. Pausal Jr.

WHISTLE SERVE PASS SET ATTACK BLOCK TRANSITON

RECIEVE (SPIKE) PLAY

IN VOLLEYBALL, THE BALL IS CONSIDERED “ IN PLAY “ FROM THE MOMENT THAT THE
REFEREE’S USES WHISTLE, THE SERVER CONRACTS IT DURING SERVE, AND THE RALLY ENDS
WITH THE REFEREE’S WHISTLE, OR IF A FAULT OCCURS.
 In Volleyball, a point is scored on every rally, and the team wins a set
SCORING SYSTEM by reaching 25 points with a minimum two-point advantage, except in
the deciding fifth set, which is played to 15 points with the same two-
FELIPE D. PAUSAL JR.
point advantage.

WINNING A SET
Rally Scoring 02 To win a set, a team must reach 25 points with
01 minimum of two-point lead advantage.
A point is awarded to the team that wins the rally
regardless of what ever they serve or not. TIEBREAKER
04 If the score reaches 24-24, play continues until one
team gains a 2-point advantage.

03 Match Format
Match are typically played as a best-of-five sets, with POINTS
the first team to win three sets being declared the 05
A team score a point when the opposing team fails to
winner. the first 4 sets played to 25 points and the return the ball properly, hits the ball out of bounce or
deciding fifth set played by 15 points. commits a fault.
SCORE
 Faults That Give Points
Out of bounds

Net violations

Double contact
Foot fault
Volleyball
Misconduct
 05.
3 Categories
of Rude
Misconduct Conduct

Incorrect conduct by a team member

towards officials, opponents,
teammates, or spectators is
classified in three categories
according to the seriousness of the
Offensive Conduct
offense.
Aggresion
 02.
Expulsion

Penalty

Sanction Scale

Disqualification
 PENALTY
The first rude conduct in
the match by any team
member results in the
loss of rally.
EXPULSION
Expulsion in volleyball removes a player or
coach from the set for unsporting conduct.

EXPELLED PLAYER
CANNOT PLAY FOR THE REST OF THE SET
REMAIN SEATED IN THE PENALTY AREA

EXPELLED COACH
LOSSES THE RIGHT TO INTERVENE IN THE
SET
MUST REMAIN SEATED IN THE PENALTY
AREA
 DISQUALIFICATION
A disqualified team member must leave the
Competition Control Area for the rest of the
match.

GAMBOA
FIRST AGGRESION- physical violence

SECOND OFFENSIVE CONDUCT-verbal

abuse or unsporting behavior

THIRD RUDE CONDUCT-disqualification with

no additional beyond removal from the
match.
Sanction
Cards

WARNING PENALTY

EXPULSION DISQUALIFICATION
Offensive Terms Page 14

01 Ace
A serve that the opposing team cannot return,
resulting in a point.

TERMINOLOGIES IN
02 Attack (or Spike)
A forceful hit of the ball over the net, aiming to
VOLLEYBALL
This list covers many fundamental and more advanced
score a point.
terminologies you'll encounter in volleyball.

03 Kill
A successful attack that ends the rally and
results in a point for the attacking team.
Offensive Terms Page 14

04 Set
A play where a player positions the ball for a
teammate to attack.

TERMINOLOGIES IN
05 Tip (or Dink)
A soft, deceptive hit over the net, often used to
VOLLEYBALL
This list covers many fundamental and more advanced
avoid a block.
terminologies you'll encounter in volleyball.

06 Serve
The act of initiating play by hitting the ball over
the net to the opponent's court.
Defensive Terms Page 14

01 Block
A defensive play where a player jumps at the net
to prevent the opposing team from hitting the
ball over.
TERMINOLOGIES IN
02 Dig
A defensive play where a player saves the ball
VOLLEYBALL
This list covers many fundamental and more advanced
from hitting the floor after an opponent's attack.
terminologies you'll encounter in volleyball.

03 Cover
Positioning players around a hitter to retrieve
any blocked balls and keep the rally alive.
Other Terms Page 14

01 Rally
The continuous exchange of hits between teams
until a point is scored.

TERMINOLOGIES IN
02 Rotation
The clockwise movement of players on a team
VOLLEYBALL
This list covers many fundamental and more advanced
after they regain the serve.
terminologies you'll encounter in volleyball.

03 Double Hit
Illegally hitting the ball twice in succession by
the same player.
Other Terms Page 14

04 Net Violation
A player touching the net while the ball is in play.

TERMINOLOGIES IN
05 Lift (or Carry)
Illegally holding the ball during contact.
VOLLEYBALL
This list covers many fundamental and more advanced
terminologies you'll encounter in volleyball.

06 Antennae
The vertical rods on the sides of the net that
mark the legal crossing area for the ball.
Game Officials
Page 03

FIRST REFEREE 01 Blows the whistle to signal the start of each

R1 - UMPIRE rally (service beckon) and to stop play when

a fault occurs.
The head official has primary control of the match. They stand
on an elevated platform at one end of the net and make
rulings on most aspects of play, including fouls, points, and
the legality of the serve. Their decisions are final. Indicates the nature of the fault and the
02
team that wins the point or the right to
serve.

Judges the legality of the serve, net

03 touches by players, attacks by back-row
players in the front zone, and various other
fouls.

04 Manages the flow of the game, including

issuing warnings and penalties for
misconduct.
Game Officials
Page 03

SECOND REFEREE Focuses primarily on faults occurring at the net

(net touches, centerline violations), illegal
R2 - DOWN REFEREE 01
blocks, and positional faults (overlaps).
Assists the first referee from a position on the floor opposite
the first referee. They focus on net violations, line violations at
the center line and attack line, substitutions, and timeouts,
and often communicate with the scorekeeper. They can also
Authorizes and supervises timeouts and
make calls the first referee might miss.
02 substitutions, signaling them to the scorer.

03 Monitors the conduct of players on the bench.

Can call certain fouls (e.g., four hits, ball

04
touching an outside object).
Game Officials
Page 03

SCORER Keeps accurate track of the points scored by

SCOREKEEPER
Responsible for keeping track of the score, timeouts,
01 each team. Ensures the score displayed visually
matches the official scoresheet.

substitutions, and other statistical information on the official

scoresheet. They work closely with the second referee to
ensure accuracy.

02 Records timeouts taken by each team and

indicates when a player is serving out of order.

Communicates with the second referee

03
regarding timeouts, substitutions, and the score.

Can call certain fouls (e.g., four hits, ball

04
touching an outside object).
Game Officials
Page 03

LINESMEN Positioned at the corners of the court (typically

LINE JUDGEMENT
Positioned at the corners of the court, they assist the referees
01 two, but sometimes four in higher-level
competitions).

by signaling whether the ball lands in or out of bounds, if a

player touches the ball as it goes out, if the ball crosses the
net outside the antennae, and server foot faults. They use
flags to indicate their calls. Use flags to signal their calls to the first referee.
02

Whether the ball lands in or out of bounds. If a

03
player touches the ball as it goes out of bounds.

If the ball crosses the net outside the antennae.

04
Server foot faults (stepping over the service
line).
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
AUTORIZATION TO SERVE
iN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE’S HAND SIGNAL FOR Whistle Blow
AUTHORIZING THE SERVE INCLUDE: The first Referee blows the whistle
01
to indicate that the server can serve the ball.

Arm Movement:
02 The referee raises one arm in side
position and move the hand to the direction of
service to signal that the server may proceed.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
CHANGING COURT
iN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE’S USES SPECIFIC Whistle Blow
HAND SIGNAL TO INDICATE WHEN TEAMS SHOULD The first Referee blows the whistle
01
CHANGE COURTS. to Signal the players that the set is over.

Arm Movement:
02 The referees raises hir/her arms
Vertically to signal that the teams should change
courts.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
TEAM TO SERVE
iN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE’S USES SPECIFIC
HAND SIGNAL TO INDICATE WHICH TEAM IS TO
SERVE. POINTING TO THE TEAM
The referees points towards the
01
serving team usually, with an open hand,
indicating that they are up to serve

Arm Movement:
02 The referees may also raise their
arm in sideways position to emphasized the
serving team often accompanied by the whistle.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
TIME OUT 01
Whistle Blow
The first Referee blows the whistle
to Signal the players that the set is over.
IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE
FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A TIME OUT:
Arm Movement:
The referees place the palm of one
02
hand over the fingers and the other held
vertically (Forming a T Arm position)

POINTING TO THE TEAM

The referees points towards the
03
serving team usually, with an open hand,
indicating that they are up to serve
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
SUBSTITUTION 01
Whistle Blow
One short whistle blast is blown to
acknowledge the substitution request.
IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE
FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A SUBSTITUTION:
Arm Movement:
palm facing the body, and *point
02
toward the team* requesting the substitution.
This identifies which team is making the sub.

POINTING TO THE TEAM

With *one arm held vertically*
03
(straight up), *use the other hand* to make a
*circular motion* around the raised arm. This
circular motion mimics players rotating and
clearly indicates "substitution."
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
MISCONDUCT WARNING 01
Whistle Blow
The *referee blows the whistle* to
*stop the rally* or match when misconduct
IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE occurs.
FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A MISCONDUCT
WARNING: Arm Movement:
The referee shows a *yellow card*
02
*without raising the arm vertically*. - This
indicates a *warning* (not a penalty or point
loss).

POINTING TO THE TEAM

The yellow card is held *at
03
shoulder height*, with the *arm extended
toward the team member* who committed the
misconduct.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
MISCONDUCT PENALTY 01
Whistle Blow
The *referee blows the whistle* to
*stop the rally* or match when misconduct
IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE occurs.
FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A MISCONDUCT
PENALTY: Arm Movement:
The *arm is raised straight up* to
02
show the *red card* clearly. - This is a *clear
signal of a penalty* and is an official sanction.

POINTING TO THE TEAM

After showing the *red card*, the
03
referee *points toward the team* (or player)
who committed the misconduct.
This gesture clearly indicates which team is
being penalized.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
EXPULSION 01
Whistle Blow
The referee blows the whistle to
stop the game. This is typically a sharp and clear
IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE blow to get everyone's attention.
FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A EXPULSION:
Arm Movement:
The referee will extend one arm
02
fully upwards to indicate a player or coach's
expulsion. The arm should be held vertically in
the air, with the palm facing outward.

POINTING TO THE TEAM

After the arm is raised, the referee
03
will then point directly to the team that the
expelled player belongs to, usually by extending
the arm and pointing with the index finger. This
helps clarify which team is affected.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
DISQUALIFICATION 01
Whistle Blow
The referee blows the whistle to
stop the game. This is typically a sharp and clear
IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE blow to get everyone's attention.
FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A
DISQUALIFICATION: Arm Movement:
The referee will raise *one arm*
02
straight up, fully extended, with the palm facing
outward. This is a general signal for a *serious
infraction*.

POINTING TO THE TEAM

After the sweeping motion, the
03
referee will *point* at the *team* or *individual*
(typically by extending the arm and using the
index finger to point) to indicate which team or
player is being disqualified.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
Whistle Blow
The referee blows the whistle to

END OF GAME 01
indicate the conclusion of the match. The
whistle is typically loud and clear to ensure that
all players, coaches, and officials are aware that
IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE the game is over.
FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A END OF GAME:
Arm Movement:
After blowing the whistle, the referee will
02 extend *both arms* straight up in the air, holding them
vertically, with the palms facing outward. This is a
universal signal indicating the end of the match.

POINTING TO THE TEAM

In some cases, the referee may
03
point to the team that won, either with one
finger or both hands, to indicate the winning
team.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
Whistle Blow
The referee blows the whistle to

BALL NOT TOSSED 01

stop play. This is done to indicate that the serve
was not executed properly.

IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE

FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A BALL NOT
TOSSED: Arm Movement:
The referee will raise *one arm* (usually
02 the arm on the side where the violation occurred) and
make a *"no" signal*. This involves *crossing the
forearms* in front of the chest, forming an "X" shape.

POINTING TO THE TEAM

After making the crossed-arm
03
signal, the referee will then *point to the team*
that committed the fault (the server's team) by
extending the arm and using the index finger.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
Whistle Blow
DELAY IN SERVICE 01
The referee should blow the whistle
to get the attention of the players and the
teams.
IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE
FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A DELAY IN
SERVICE: Arm Movement:
After the whistle, the referee raises one
02 arm, bent at the elbow with the fist closed. The referee
holds this position, signaling to the players that there is
a delay.

POINTING TO THE TEAM

If the delay is specifically due to a
03
request or issue from one of the teams (such as
a substitution request, injury, or team timeout),
the referee may point toward the team
responsible for the delay.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
Whistle Blow
BLOCKING FAULT 01 to a fault.
One sharp whistle* to stop play due

IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE

FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A BLOCKING
FAULT: Arm Movement:
*Raise the non-whistle arm straight up*,
02 palm open, to signal the fault. - Then, use the *whistle
hand* to indicate the nature of the fault.

POINTING TO THE TEAM

After the signal, the referee points
03
with an open hand to the *team that committed
the fault*
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
ROTATIONAL FAULT OR Whistle Blow
POSITIONAL 01
*One sharp whistle blow* to stop
play due to the fault.

IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE

FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A ROTATIONAL
FAULT: Arm Movement:
Raise the *non-whistle hand straight
02
up* to indicate a fault. - Then, using the *whistle
hand*, make the *rotational fault signal*

POINTING TO THE TEAM

After making the rotational fault
03
signal, *point with an open hand* toward the
team that committed the fault.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
Whistle Blow
BALL IN 01
*One sharp whistle blow* to stop
the play (used if clarification is needed or rally
ends unexpectedly).
IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE
FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A BALL IN:
Arm Movement:
*Arm pointing down toward the
02
court*, with an *open hand*, palm facing the
floor.

POINTING TO THE TEAM

After signaling “ball in,” *point
03
with an open hand* toward the team that *won
the rally*
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
Whistle Blow
BALL OUT 01
The referee *blows the whistle*
sharply to stop the rally, indicating a fault has
occurred.
IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE
FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A BALL OUT:
Arm Movement:
The *referee raises both arms
02
straight up*, with *open palms* facing outward.

POINTING TO THE TEAM

After signaling the ball was out,
03
the referee *lowers one arm and uses the other
to point flat-handed* to the team that *won the
point*
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
Whistle Blow
CATCH OR CARRY 01
The referee *blows the whistle
sharply* to stop play once the violation occurs.

IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE

FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A CATCH OR
CARRY: Arm Movement:
The referee *raises one arm
02
slowly with palm facing upward*.

POINTING TO THE TEAM

*Point with an open hand* toward
03
the *team that wins the rally*
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
Whistle Blow
DOUBLE CONTACT 01
The referee blows the whistle
*once sharply* to stop the rally when the double
contact occurs.
IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE
FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A DOUBLE
CONTACT: Arm Movement:
Raise *one arm vertically* above
02
the head with *two fingers extended* (index and
middle finger).

POINTING TO THE TEAM

After showing the double contact
03
signal, the referee *lowers the arm* and then
*points with the open hand toward the team that
committed the fault*.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
Whistle Blow
FOUR HITS 01
The referee *blows the whistle*
sharply to stop the rally when the fault occurs.

IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE

FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A FOUR HITS:
Arm Movement:
After blowing the whistle, the
02
referee raises *four fingers* of *one hand*
(usually the right hand), palm facing *forward*,
above the *shoulder level*.

POINTING TO THE TEAM

After signaling "four hits," the
03
referee *extends the opposite arm* (usually the
left) *horizontally* and *points toward the team
that committed the fault.*
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
Whistle Blow
NET VIOLATION 01
The referee *blows the whistle* to
stop the rally immediately upon seeing the net
violation.
IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE
FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A NET VIOLATION:
Arm Movement:
After the whistle, the referee uses
02
the *net violation signal*: - *Touches the top of
the net* with the *palm of one hand* (usually the
*right hand*).

POINTING TO THE TEAM

After signaling the net violation,
03
the referee then *extends the opposite arm
horizontally* and *points toward the team* that
committed the violation.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
REACHING BEYOND THE Whistle Blow
NET 01
The referee *blows the whistle*
sharply to stop the rally as soon as the fault is
committed.
IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE
FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A REACHING
BEYOND THE NET: Arm Movement:
The referee brings one hand *over
02
the net plane*, simulating a player’s hand
reaching *over the net*.

POINTING TO THE TEAM

After the violation signal, the
03
referee *extends the other arm horizontally* to
*point at the team* that committed the fault.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
Whistle Blow
ATTACK HIT FAULT 01
The referee *blows the whistle* to
stop the rally once the attack hit fault is
committed.
IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE
FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A ATTACK HIT
FAULT: Arm Movement:
After blowing the whistle, the
02
referee uses the *Attack Hit Fault* hand signal.

POINTING TO THE TEAM

After signaling the fault, the referee
03
*extends the opposite arm horizontally* and
*points toward the team* that committed the
attack hit fault.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
DOUBLE FAULT AND Whistle Blow
REPLAY 01
The referee blows their whistle to
signal that a replay is required due to an
anomaly or interruption in play (such as a
IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE
service error, ball hitting the ceiling).
FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A DOUBLE FAULT
AND REPLAY: Arm Movement:
The referee raises one arm
02
straight up above the head and makes a circular
motion with the hand (rotating the hand in a small
circle) to signal a replay.

POINTING TO THE TEAM

The referee does not need to point
03
at a team since the replay indicates that the
point is nullified and will be played again, with no
fault assigned to either team.
 HAND SIGNALS FOR REFEREES
Whistle Blow
BALL TOUCHED 01
The referee blows the whistle to
get attention and signal the call.

IN VOLLEYBALL, THE REFEREE USES THE

FOLLOWING SIGNAL TO INDICATE A BALL TOUCHED:
Arm Movement:
The referee raises one arm
02
above the head and holds their hand open, with
the palm facing down (indicating a touch).

POINTING TO THE TEAM

The referee usually points to the
03
team that made the touch by extending the arm
in the direction of the team, signaling the team
that is either committing a violation (like a
double touch) or indicating a legitimate touch on
the ball.
 REFEREES HAND SIGNALS IN
VOLLEYBALL

AUTHORIZATION TO SERVE CHANGE OF COURTS Volleying

This hand signal is used when a player serve In volleyball, the referee uses specific A volley requires perfect timing and
a ball. The referee raises one arm on an side hand signal to indicate when a team coordination to strike the ball before it
touches the ground.
ways should change courts. The referee
raises one arm vertically to signal that
the teams should prepare to change
sides