World

History
The

MAINStormi ng
Let's cover the history of the WORLD through
BRAINSTORMING and prepare the NOTES in QnA format.
World history 1700
-

⑤
-

I
5 0
History of the World will include events from 18th
century such asc -T
Industrial Revolution, world wars,
-
-

[ Redrawal of &
National Boundaries, Colonization, X

o
-
- -
w Decolonization, political philosophies like Communism,~

~ O
- -
~
0-
Capitalism, Socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the
-
-

society. ↑
Que Trend-PYQ
-

1 Ques
Political
Philosophy
The

MAINStormi ng
Let's cover the history of the WORLD through
BRAINSTORMING and prepare the NOTES in QnA format.
 O
Let's do the BASICS right.
zit
Noble
lasach

C
-
Political
G
-Military O
A

⑮
↑
L⑰
-

⑭
O
/
I
Feudalism
=

I
-
↓ ⑰
↓ Power is
Sel dentalised ⑮
Gudalism Polit
=
-
No social
mobility
s Economic
Ocal
-
Stdom Economy
~
No
-

No
Suephi
trade
System
-

1
Land : ↑
-

Merchant
Born a
serf Arme: A
What ? Fend =
-
d Die
-

S
seef
System · Merchant
o
 Let's do the BASICS right.

King
+
Merchant = Nexus

⑳ Com
Charter

⑭> Mercantalism =>

-
- -
-- ↓
EEE /Profit
t

loyally
trade
-
⑭ ↑
workers
happy
w
way =

Captm- > and: 4 : Mari &

-Stam
7
Scientific busine =y
revoih
 Capm One
⑭
:
=

Let's do the BASICS right. wealth

O
=

produ ↑
factory ~
⑪ustri al
=> Industrialisation
d

⑳kers
↓ T
= : ↑
Industrial Revolution
Capul
-
timing : ↑

Industrial ↓ ↓
Mercantin
Turket Workers

⑳
↓
⑳ ⑫ ⑦

me
&
Freuben Proan
i
-

Private
player
-
 (Tay)
Let's do the BASICS right.
⑭ E
ani
-

Scalism ↓ PDS welfare

-

⑭
,

schemes
/

⑭ O ⑳ Cubi
Redistribution a
-
Of
Resources
e : Licence Ray
I counter Philo
of Cow

-
↓
Communism
=
I. Capitalism

Definition:
An economic system where private individuals or businesses own capital goods and the
-
production of goods and services is based on supply and demand in the market.

Free market-

Key Features
-  Private Property: Individuals and businesses have the right to own and use property.
O
 Free Market: Prices and production are determined by competition in an open
market.
6
 Profit Motive: The primary goal is to generate profit.
E
 Limited Government Intervention: The government's role is to protect property
rights and maintain order.

Forms of Capitalism

 Free-Market Capitalism: Minimal government intervention, with market forces

determining prices, production, and distribution.
 State Capitalism: The government controls significant parts of the economy, often
owning key industries while allowing private enterprise in other sectors.
 Corporate Capitalism: Large corporations dominate the economy, influencing
markets, politics, and society.

Historical Context
o Emergence: Developed from the 16th century onward, replacing feudal economies.
o Industrial Revolution: Fueled rapid industrialization and economic growth in the
18th and 19th centuries.
o Modern Era: Dominates global economic systems today, driving innovation and
economic expansion.

Impact on Society

1
 Come
a
Positive Effects:- Negative Effects: - wealth
-
Economic Growth: Promotes investment,
entrepreneurship, and innovation, leading
-Income Inequality: Can lead to significant
disparities in wealth and income, creating
to overall economic expansion and social and economic divisions.
improved living standards.
Consumer Choice: Provides a wide variety
- O
Market Failures: Issues like monopolies,
environmental degradation, and financial
of goods and services, meeting diverse crises can arise.
consumer preferences. -Labor Exploitation: Workers may face
Efficiency: Competition drives efficiency in poor working conditions and low wages in
- -

production and resource allocation. the pursuit of profit.

-I

Conclusion
⑳
Capitalism, characterized by private ownership and free markets, has driven significant
economic growth and innovation. However, it also poses challenges such as income
inequality and potential market failures, requiring balanced regulation and oversight to
mitigate its negative impacts.

II. Industrialization ⑳
Impact -
⑭
>
of
emerence
classintellectio
= =
Class
a
new
Definition:
A period of major industrialization and technological innovation that began in the late 18th
century and continued into the 19th century, transforming economies and societies.

Key Features:

 Mechanization: Introduction of machinery to perform tasks previously done by

hand, especially in textile manufacturing.

Migh
E
 Urbanization: Movement of populations from rural areas to cities, driven by the
demand for factory workers.
 Technological Innovations: Development of new technologies such as the steam
engine, spinning jenny, and power loom.
 Transportation Advances: Improvement of transportation infrastructure, including
railways and steamships, facilitating faster movement of goods and people.

2
  Economic Shifts: Transition from agrarian economies to industrialized economies,
with a focus on manufacturing and production.

Historical Context: -

Origins: Began in Britain in the late 18th century,

then spread to Europe, North America, and
eventually the rest of the world.

Phases: Typically divided into two phases: the First

Industrial Revolution (late 18th to mid-19th
century) and the Second Industrial
Revolution (late 19th to early 20th century),
marked by advancements in steel
production, electricity, and chemicals.

Impact on Society:

Positive Effects: Negative Effects:

Economic Growth: Significant increase in Labor Exploitation: Workers faced harsh

production capacity and economic output, working conditions, long hours, and low
leading to wealth generation and economic wages, leading to labor movements and the
expansion. push for labor rights and regulations.

Innovation and Invention: Spurred Urban Overcrowding: Rapid urbanization

continuous technological innovation and resulted in crowded cities with inadequate
the development of new industries. housing and sanitation, leading to public
health issues.
Improved Living Standards: Increased Environmental Degradation: Increased
availability of goods and services, improved pollution and environmental damage due
transportation, and better housing to industrial activities and urbanization.
conditions for many.

Iso
Job Creation: Creation of numerous jobs in Social Disruption: Traditional agrarian
factories, construction, and infrastructure lifestyles were disrupted, leading to social
development. upheaval and changes in family and
community structures.

emerence at
Hide 3
 Conclusion
The Industrial Revolution was a transformative period which laid the foundation for the
modern industrial economy however the challenges led to the evolution of socialism and
later communism

III. Socialism

Definition:
-
An economic and political system where the means of production, distribution, and
O O
-

exchange are owned or regulated by the community as a whole, often through the state.
- -
-

Key Features:
Nationalisation
L
t
eli coal

-6
 Collective Ownership: Resources and industries are owned and controlled by the
public or the state.
 Central Planning: Economic activity is planned and managed by the government to
achieve specific social and economic goals.
 Equality: Emphasis on reducing economic inequality and ensuring a fair distribution
of wealth.
- Welfare State: Provision of extensive social services such as healthcare, education,
⑪ and social security.

Forms of Socialism: M
-
 Democratic Socialism: Combines political democracy with social ownership of the
-
-

means of production. Focuses on extensive welfare systems and regulation of the

economy.
-
extreme
 Marxist-Leninist Socialism: State control of the economy, with the aim of achieving a
-

classless society. Often associated with one-party rule and central planning.
G
-

O
 Market Socialism: Incorporates elements of a free market with social ownership.
-

Enterprises are owned collectively but operate in a competitive market environment.

Historical Context:

Origins: C
Emerged in the 19th century as a response to the inequalities and
②exploitation associated with capitalism.

4
 Implemented in various forms in countries like the Soviet Union,
20th Century: China, and many European nations.
Exists in various forms, ranging from democratic socialism in
Modern Era: Scandinavian countries to more centralized models in countries like
② Cuba.
N Kover

Impact on Society:

Positive Effects: Negative Effects:

E
Economic Security: Aims to provide a safety Economic Inefficiency: Central planning
net and basic needs for all citizens. and state ownership can lead to
bureaucratic inefficiencies and lack of
innovation.

Social Equity: Focuses on reducing class Reduced Incentives: With less emphasis on
disparities and providing equal profit, there can be fewer incentives for
opportunities. productivity and entrepreneurship.

Universal Services: Extensive provision of Potential for Authoritarianism:

public services like healthcare and Concentration of economic power in the
education improves overall quality of life. state can lead to political repression and
limited individual freedoms.

Conclusion
Socialism aims to promote social equity and economic security through collective ownership
and central planning. While it offers significant benefits in terms of welfare and equality, it
also faces challenges related to efficiency, innovation, and potential authoritarianism.

IV. Communism

Definition:
An ideological and political movement aiming for a classless, stateless society where all
property and resources are communally owned.

Key Features:

5
  Classless Society: Elimination of class distinctions, where everyone has equal status.
 Common Ownership: All means of production, land, and resources are owned
collectively by the community.
 Central Planning: Economic activities and production are planned and controlled by
the state (in the transitional phase).
 Statelessness: The ultimate goal is to have no government, as the state is seen as a
tool of oppression.

Forms of Communism:
Communisabest
Ther
Marxist Communism: Based on the ideas of Karl Marx, advocating
for a proletarian revolution to overthrow
capitalism and establish a classless society.

yea
Leninist Communism: An adaptation of Marxist theory by Lenin,
emphasizing the need for a vanguard party
to lead the revolution and a transitional
socialist state.

Maoist Communism: A variation of communism developed by

E
Mao Zedong, focusing on the role of the
peasantry in revolution and the importance
-

of cultural transformation.

mism
Historical Context:
Origins: The ideas were articulated by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th century,
notably in "The Communist Manifesto" (1848).
20th Century: Implemented in various countries such as the Soviet Union, China, Cuba, and
North Korea.

Modern Era: Pure communism has not been fully realized in practice; most so-called
communist states have implemented variations of socialism.

Impact on Society:

6
 Positive Effects: Negative Effects:

Economic Equality: Aims to abolish Authoritarianism: Historical

economic disparities and provide equal implementations often led to authoritarian
access to resources for all. regimes with significant restrictions on
personal freedoms and human rights
abuses.

Universal Provision: Ensures basic needs Economic Inefficiency: Centralized control

like healthcare, education, and housing are can result in bureaucratic inefficiencies,
met for all citizens. lack of innovation, and poor economic
performance.

Community Focus: Promotes collective Lack of Incentives: The absence of

decision-making and community well-being personal profit motives can reduce
over individual profit. individual initiative and productivity.

Conclusion
Communism seeks to create a classless, stateless society with collective ownership of all
resources. While it aims for equality and communal welfare, its practical implementations
have often resulted in authoritarianism, economic inefficiencies, and limited personal
freedoms

7
Feudalism >
-
Renaissance - "Enlightenment"
IDack Ases
-

- Art lif
,
↓
19thth/ I classiest O
f
I thinkers
: ~ ⑭eas
Philosophers) d
es: Locke Idem
Kant

LiberMindividualism
G
=

⑰
I
Scientifi

G
E
⑪
vevol Scientific
equality

⑮elia
temper
engine I ⑮ th -
&

factor
navigation injury M
&
↓
Awareness :
↑
Church
ision -
-

Question ?
I

Reform Protestarian Reform

-

=
⑳ >
-
Demand : ↑ *

·
O
Produ ↑
:

↑
a
co

par material
Are

Factory
-
: Limited)

Sin↓ -
ER :
↓

navigation need
-
Raw Market
material
T ry
serialism
Coquialism

⑭ ⑪
s
-

⑳muc
Revolutions
American Revolution
American CIVIL War
FRENCH Revolution

The

MAINStormi ng
Let's cover the history of the WORLD through
BRAINSTORMING and prepare the NOTES in QnA format.
Let's do the BASICS right.
Nationalism
and
Unification
The

MAINStormi ng
Let's cover the history of the WORLD through
BRAINSTORMING and prepare the NOTES in QnA format.
WW-1, WW-2
and
COLD War
The

MAINStormi ng
Let's cover the history of the WORLD through
BRAINSTORMING and prepare the NOTES in QnA format.
Misc.
The

MAINStormi ng
Let's cover the history of the WORLD through
BRAINSTORMING and prepare the NOTES in QnA format.