NAME : ROXAN B.
SATONERO DATE: AUGUST 30, 2025
YEAR & SECTION: BECED II SCORE: ____________
S- ECED 01- (Foundation of Early Childhood Education)
TASK 1
I- Direction: Read and answer the following questions carefully.
1. Create a matrix on the historical development of ECE.
Period/ Era Key Person/ Contribution to ECE
Influence
Ancient Times Plato and Emphasize play, moral training, and
Aristotle early experiences in shaping a child’s character
and future.
th
17 Century John Amos Wrote Orbis Pictus, the first illustrated
Comenius children’s book; promoted learning through
senses and visuals.
18th Century Jean-Jacques Advocated natural education (Emile);
Rousseau stressed stages of developmental and learning
through exploration.
th
19 Century Friedrich Father of kindergarten; promotes play-
Froebel based learning, songs, games, and educational
toys (gifts).
19th Century Maria Developed Montessori Method- child-
Montessori centered, independence, self-directed activity,
and sensory materials.
th
20 Century John Dewey Supported progressive education,
experiential learning, and schools as
democratic communities.
20th Century Erikson, Piaget, Developed major child development
Vygotsky theories (psychosocial, cognitive,
sociocultural).
Present Global and Implementation of ECCD Act (RA
Philippine ECE 8980), Universal Kindergarten, and Integrated
Programs play-based curricula.
2. Examine & discuss the major theories of child development
Theory Theorist Main Idea Implications in ECE
Psychosocial Theory Erik Erikson Children go through stages Teachers nurture emotional
of emotional and social security, independence and
conflicts (ex. Trust vs. positive self-concept.
Mistrust).
Cognitive Jean Piaget Children learn through Teachers provide hands-on
Development developmental stages activities, age-appropriate
Theory (Sensorimotor, tasks, and discovery-based
Preoperational, Concrete, learning.
Formal).
Sociocultural Theory Lev Learning is influenced by Teachers use scaffolding,
Vygotsky culture and social group work, and guidance to
interaction (introduced support learning.
Zone of Proximal
Development ZDP)
Behaviorism B.F Skinner Learning is shaped by Teachers use positive
and John reinforcement, rewards, and reinforcement, consistent
Watson conditioning. routines, and feedback.
Humanistic Theory Abraham Children must meet basic Teachers create safe,
Maslow needs (physiological, supportive, and nurturing
safety, love) to learn environments for growth.
effectively.
3. Describe the characteristics of the physical, social, emotional, cognitive & language
development of children from 1 to 5 years old. Construct your own matrix.
Domain 1-2 years old 3 years old 4 years old 5 yers old
Physical Learns to walk/ run, Climbs stairs, rides Improved Skips, runs well,
climbs, fine motor tricycle, builds balanced, hops, writes some letters,
skills emerging. towers. draws shapes. better coordination.
Social Parallel play, Enjoys playing Cooperative play, Develops friendships,
recognizes familiar with peers, starts role-playing, follows group rules,
people. sharing. group activities. understands fairness.
Emotiona Separation anxiety, Gains Identifies Manages emotions
l expresses basic independence, feelings, shows better, expresses
feelings. shows affection/ early empathy. confidence, stronger
jealousy. self-identity.
Cognitive Explores, imitates, Follow 2-steps Understands Recognizes letters/
simple problem- instructions, begins cause-effect number, asks “why
solving. counting. enjoys pretend questions, better
play. memory.
Language Says single word, 200-300 words Tells simple Uses complex
begin 2-word speaks in short stories, uses sentences, understands
phrases. sentences. linger sentences. grammar, retell stories
clearly.
References:
- Cohen, L. E., & Stern, H. (2013). Early childhood education: The long-term benefits.
Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 34(5), 1031-1038.
- Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological
processes. Harvard University Press.
- Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. W.W. Norton & Company.
- Piaget, J. (1954). The construction of reality in the child. Basic Books.
