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Gulamgiri And Caste System (Slavery) In

Research Scholar

VKS UNIVERSITY ARA BIHAR

Abstract:

Mahatma Jyotiba Phule's Book Gulamgiri(Slavery) has views one the objective this book critics of the Caste System
Brahminical supremacy and hegemonies in social order of the Indian social structure of society. This book consist of
16 part essay and 4 poetic compositions and It has been written in the different form of a dialogue between Jyotiba
Phule and a character of Dhondiba. The Gulamgiri is a great contribution of phule in this critically, logically, rationality,
Evaluated the Indian society of Social Order with rational and logical argument. This book in 1873 for the
downtrodden section to make them aware of the appression in Indian Caste System.this Paper also articulate the
Idea of caste system and caste domination,caste exploitation, Social order from the perspective of "Gulamgiri".

Keywords: Gulamgiri, Dhondiba, Downtrodden section,Caste System,Slavery.

Introduction: this Book Gulamgiri is one the most influences important book's and a first critique's of the Caste
System, Social order,Caste hereditary, Imagination of God and Goddess. Jyotiba Phule wrote this Book in his mother
tongue Marathi this Book's offers objective a perspective and needs to examine in different All dimensions and
direction the mainthrust of mahatma Phule's text is an invension of the racial Discrimination theory of
caste.according to this theory, a superior, foreign race invaded this land, and they become what we know as
Brahmina's Contemporary Scenario.the slowly indigenous people who were conquered and become the lower Castes
Shudras and atishudras(lower Shudras) in the starting he claim's that the original inhibition's of India were Bali and
Hiranyakashyap( as kashatriyas) and both dethroned teacherously by Aryans of Iran.God incarnations like
Brahma,Vishnu,NORAD are part of spurious literature created by Brahmina's in order to legitimize their superiority
and to enslave the original inhibition's dubbed as Shudras and atishudras.In this context he was rejected to old
conception; from Brahmina's Mouth was born Brahmina's Mahatma Phule asked a question from where christons
and Muslims were born parasuram the cruiest person is aducated and adored and why Brahmina's hadn't spore even
God & Goddess and Equated him/her Brahmina's.......they brought him down to the level of fish,pig, and lion.through
their insidious philosophy of incarnation. They preferred begging for labor.later they cannived with rajputs from Iran
to massacre Shudras and atishudras. Manifests that Jesus was the second Bali whose followers reached India to
exposes Brahminism their attempt to overthrow them failed.the main objective of phule is to attack at the social
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inequality and unequal Social Structure of Indian society.towards this end he were determined to remove ignorance,
illiteracy, prejudices and caste based beliefs.among the lower castes and free them from the mental slavery resulting
from centuries of Brahmina's dominance. In the first part of the book he invoked parshuram, because the latter is
considered to have lived for 432millions years,as stated by Brahminical Scriptures Phule wrote two books under the
title brahmina's Dharmcharya aadpadayat(Behind the screen of Brahminical Religion) in which he was asserted the
ideals proclaimed by the French revolution for freedom equality and fraternity scholarly." Phule was inspired by a
great philosopher Abraham Lincoln who had abolished slavery in America in 1863. He dedicate his book to the black
population of america.they are a said that pre-british India were the major era for routinizing of the Caste
system.they are claimed that ritually upper castes like Brahmina's kashtriya and vaishiya(merchant) were central
figures of power as a whole many instances show that they were a source of ligitimacy in maintaining the value
system and reinforcing the caste system many kashtriya recived land grants(from Mughal kings British officers etc.)
for their military service and became a landlord the result of which, they wielded power in rural areas the
vaishiya(Baniya) were engaged in commercial activities including as a banker trader and financier to kings.although
certain castes were not twice born.they enjoyed Political power and a pairly high Social status. Understanding caste
system can be tracedback to the colonial period when the British Indian government begain enumeration of native
Indian in 1871.few anthropological surveys were also conducted in order to understand the socio-cultural life of the
people few research institutes gave larger details of the local tribes and castes few administrative and Social reforms
for example- Morley Minto reforms in india 1909 representation of the people act 1918 etc....) Also took place at that
point in time resultantly marginal castes/communities could know about their historical background as well as
economic and socio-political status and begain organized during the early 19th century few backward caste
associations for instance anti-Brahmina's movement satyashodhak movement 1874 this organisations projected
themselves as"Depressed Classes" for their outfit this arguments show that the relevance of the book Gulamgiri in
the 21th century.

The Concept Stream of Gulamgiri

Mahatma Jyotiba Phule start with a famous quote from Homer ( a great Greek poet) ' a man loses half his virtue the
day that he becomes a slave' mahatma Phule's Book in the form of questions and answered and this concept relates
to the history of Brahminical dominance of power in india.phule asserts with confidence the Shudras and atishudras
are the life of this nation during the time of economic and political crisis the government would relyen them rather
than on the Brahmina's to care is taken to ensure that the Shudras and atishudras are kept happy and contented the
government will have no cause for doubting their loyalty they concludes by demanding that masses should be
equated they must remember that Phule's wasn't a pioneer of Social reformer revolution and he was awareness
among the society history of the Brahmina's and the aryan's is pure fantasy and false in Gulamgiri phule explains it is
main stream objective of this book.they warn the Shudra,atishudra,bahujan'brothers that Brahmina's are minority
but they are exploiting them.jyotiba phule has explanation's ingrained 'metal slavery' of the non-Brahmina's
mass(Shudras, Atishudras so called Bahujan)the commnly people are enslaved and didn't are on their master's side in
America,the free whites were more concerned about abolishing slavery than the black.jyotiba phule assumptions that
with the help of moderation and modern education.the Bahujan(Shudras and atishudras) would benefit from legal
system and scientific reforms of the British government and progress itself.in sum Jyotiba for the first time
endeavoured to define.how Brahminical thought's institutes and castes had came to determine in social order in
hindu.for thousands years ago,the felt it was an important prerequisite of Social reforms to deepth into history to
find out when and how Brahmina's this story could be reconstructed from the stories related in the srutis,smritis,and
puranas therefore historical interpretation of these stories and concluded critically that in the stories of the ten
avatars(Incarnations of God).

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The main assumption summerised of book's Gulamgiri:

--The aryan's came into Iran to India twice by the sea route and conquered the local inhabitants who were cultivators
slowly influenced .

--Fact was the basis of the mythological stories of the matsya(fish)and kashchua(tortoise) incarnations of which both
are aquatic creatures.

--the Aryans from Iran could not achieve Complete success therefore they was to used the land route for their
invasion these invasions are narrated in the failed of varna(boar)namsimba(lion man) and the vamana(dwarf)
incarnations.around the time of the vamana avatars the Aryan Brahmina's Completely succeded in establishing their
sovereignty over india.in order to make it last for ever they mass acted the Indian warriors that is the brave
kashtriya's and even killed pregnant women to end their lineage."

--the Aryans Brahmina's ruled the people of india directly or indirectly and to secure their sovereignty and
supremacy.they inculcated in the people's ideas and beliefs that would render them stupid and ignorant.

Jyotiba Phule argument that the story of purna,vedic display the cunning and conniving nature of the Brahmina's.he
said that caste system hierarchy was creation mind to created only to create a permanent rift among the various non-
Brahmina's masses the Brahmina's being a minority in the number than other people they conquered and were able
to dominate the masses verily by dividing them(the aryans) even today there is much Social differences what so ever
between the untouchables and the Hindu's.in the cast few decades several assume dominance on the original
inhabitant.according to phule the vedic Aryans came to India from outside and fight with the natives conquered them
and established Social religious and political supremacy as well as economics over them.phule theory runs on above
lines to reveal the structured oppressions.there was numerous stories,in the puranas regarding avatars, which in
prehistoric times attempted to publicize the supremacy of the Brahmina's and the religion created by them.phule
ventures to build up a detailed history from the stories.it can't be said that the succeded in the task for the stories are
full of improbable and strange facts.they describe a god who takes on the forms of a fish,a tortoise,a pig and a lion-
man.he sees them as metaphors .he imagines that marysa and kachchua were some kinds of boats that the Aryans
from Iran crossed into invade india.but there is nothing to support these theories besides even the theory that the
Brahmina's of india were racially different from the rest.therefore is insufficient proof to substantiate the theory that
Brahmina's domination resulted from the clash between different races or the natives and the foreigners when
differences in occupations economic inequality and Social status take root and persist generation offer
generation.they can give rise to class and caste distinctions with in particular race Brahmina's and Aryans on the one
hand and non-Brahmina's and non-aryans or shudras, atishudras on the other must have been pitted against each
other in prehistoric india for the sociological reason cited above.the theory that people from foreign lands invaded
the original inhibition's of India.resulting in the Brahmina's/non-Brahmina's or Aryan/Shudra distinction owes it origin
to instances of invasions in British or Mughal history. Phule claims that Brahmina's invaded India where as Western
scholars say that invaders were vedic Aryans as a whole including Brahmina's kashtriyas and vaishiya.his theory owes
its origin to the contemporary social structure in Maharashtra, Brahmina's around south India believed that there
were only two castes the Brahmina's and the Shudras in north India there castes who called themselves kashtriya's
and vaishyas whom even the Brahmina's accepted as Aryans Phule's concluded of a Brahmina's invasion based on his
reading of the two caste system in South India is not convincing however it should be remembered that the two caste
system in South India is not convincing however it should be remembered that the parshuram avatar story bears out
Jyotiba's contention for the reason that parshuram was a Brahmina's and it said to have massacred kshtriyas
twentyone times from this Jyotiba Phule may have surmised that the kashtriyas didn't belong to the Aryan race of
Brahmina's but it can't be denied that his attack on Brahminical Scriptures was justified.he rejected the belief that the
four Cates were born from various parts of lord brahmina's.for example no scholar can deny that Brahmina's in vedic
time ate the flesh horses and oxen and drank'soma'(wine). phule's criticism of the scriptures is harsh and acerbie but
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he has failed in his attempts to study the etymology of Sanskrit and Marathi words" he need not have ventured into a
subject which is a linguistic's territory; a point which the late Vishnu has trichiplumkar a Champion of orthodoxy
made to attack Jyotiba Phule. Orthodox Brahmina's failed to invalidate the basic argument forward by Jyotiba Phule's
interpretation of the non-vedic gods of the non-Brahmina's is highly substantial from the sociological point of view
even today even the Brahmina's seem to have become very difficult to trace the original regions practices ideas and
deities of the non-vedic are non-Brahmina's.phule pointsout that the Brahminas made attempts to rain the local
superior culture ethos beliefs religious beliefs and political system of the non-Brahminas and created a birth
determined hierarchy imposing belief in superstitions slavery and a philosophy that put on end to equality among
human beings.

Conclusion: the curse of Untouchability is a manifestation of the distortion of Hindi caste system.mahatma Jyotiba
Phule was social reformer and Social thinker.reflecting on Hindu caste system phule views Higher castes had
deliberately kept the members of the lowest caste illiterate poor ignorant and slaves of superstition with a view to
carrying on their exploitation.phule argued eradicating the blind faith in the sanctity of the caste system through
social-economic transformation was necessary for ending this widespread practice of exploitation.he was directly
exposed to the social injustice that was inherent.in Hindu caste system in 1851 he opened two more schools for
girls.he compaigned for widow remarriage and in 1863 he started a home for upper castes widows as well as a home
for unwanted newborn infants in order to prevent female infanticide,in 1873 he founded satyashodhak samay in
collaboration with other dedicated Social workers.this society opposed idolatory and denounced the rigidity of the
rational thinking and rejected the need of priests.phule worked for the uplift of all vulnerable sections of society.he
was deeply influenced and enlightened by the revolutionary thought of Thomas Paine book's right of man(1791).he
argued that all man and woman are free and equal by birth.when nature have made them free and equal no
individual has the right to oppress another.phule was not only entitled to equality before the law,but also to equality
of opportunity to enter into civil service and municipal administration.phule repudiated those episodes of hindu
mythology and scriptures which justified the lower castes and tried to expose the falsehood and selfish motives
behind the Hindu mythology, the codes of conduct propagated by Brahmina's were cunning devised to serve their
own interest.phule wanted to replace the exploitative Indian social order by a society fouded on the principles of
liberty, equality, fraternity and Humanism.

References:

1.) Gulamgiri (1873) where phule has given a historical survey of the slavery to which lower castes were subjected.

2.) Sarvayanik Satya Dharma pustak 1891 a book of true religion for all.

3.) Shetkaranyancha Aasif Cultivator's whipcord 1881where phule has analysed how peasants were being exploited in
those days.

4.) JaatiBhedvivek Saar 1865 an inquiry into caste discrimination.

5.) Phule's Jyotiba Govindrao Gulamgiri (Slavery) New Delhi.

6.) Shrihari G. & Prasad Devi mapping the Politics of Shau Chalaya in Dalit Localities: an inquiry Contemporary voice of
Dalit bage Publication.

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