Huawei AR Series Access Routers

CLI-based Configuration Guide - WAN 5 ATM Configuration

5 ATM Configuration

About This Chapter

The Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a cell transmission standard defined by

the International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization
Sector (ITU-T). ATM organizes digital data into 53-byte cells and then transmits,
multiplexes, or switches the cells. ATM transmits cells in fixed length (53 bytes),
provides connection-oriented services, and simplifies the transmission process.
5.1 Overview of ATM
This section describes the definition and purpose of ATM.
5.2 Understanding ATM
This section describes the implementation of ATM.
5.3 Licensing Requirements and Limitations for ATM
This section describes ATM features.
5.4 Application Scenarios for ATM
This section describes the application scenarios for ATM.
5.5 Default Settings for ATM
This section describes the default settings for ATM.
5.6 Configuring an ATM PVC Group
You can configure a PVC group to allow PVCs destined for the same IP address to
forward data at the same time. Configuring a PVC group fully utilizes bandwidth
resources and improves reliability of important services.
5.7 Configuring ATM Links to Transmit Different Protocol Packets
This section describes how to configure IPoA, IPoEoA, PPPoA, PPPoEoA and ATM
transparent bridging.
5.8 Configuring the Service Type of PVC
This section describes how to configure the service type, OAM F5 loopback, and
VP policing for a PVC.
5.9 Configuring ATM OAM
OAM can detect faults, locate faults, and evaluate network performance without
interrupting services. OAM provides network information by encapsulating OAM
cells in standard format into user cell flows.

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5.10 Clearing the ATM Interface Statistics

5.11 Configuration Examples for ATM
This section provides several examples for configuring ATM. These configuration
examples explain the networking requirements, configuration roadmap, data
preparation, configuration procedure.
5.12 ATM FAQ

5.1 Overview of ATM

This section describes the definition and purpose of ATM.

Definition
ATM was designated as the transmission and switching mode for Broadband
Integrated Services Digital Networks (B-ISDN) by the ITU-T in June 1992. Due to
its high flexibility and support to the multi-media service, ATM is considered as
the key for realizing broadband communications.
An ATM cell has a fixed length of 53 bytes. As defined by the ITU-T, ATM
transmits, multiplexes, and switches data based on cells. For example, the
messages of voice, video, and data are all transmitted in the cells of the fixed
length. This ensures the fast data transmission.
ATM is connection-oriented. Each VC is identified by a Virtual Path Identifier (VPI)
and a Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI). One pair of VPI/VCI values is useful only on
a link segment between ATM nodes. If a connection is broken, the relevant
VPI/VCI values are released.

Purpose
ATM provides the network with a versatile and connection-oriented transfer mode
that applies to different services.
Before the Gigabit Ethernet technology, ATM backbone switches were mostly used
on backbone networks to ensure high bandwidth. ATM dominated among
network technologies because it can provide good QoS and transmit voice, data,
and video with high bandwidth.
Nevertheless, the initial roadmap for ATM, that is, coping with all the network
communication issues, was too ambitious and idealistic. As a result, the ATM
implementation became so complicated. The aim of the ATM technology is too
ideal. The realization of ATM is complex. The perfection of the ATM technology
and complexity of its architecture result in the difficulties of developing,
configuring, managing, and troubleshooting the ATM system.
ATM network devices are quite expensive. The ATM network cannot be affordable
for people and its excellent performance is unknown from the origin of ATM.
In the late 1990's, Internet and IP technology overshadowed ATM for their
simplicity and flexibility. They developed at a fast rate in the application field. This
made a severe impact on the B-ISDN plan.
ATM is, however, still regarded as the best transmission technology of B-ISDN
because it has advantages in transporting integrated services. Thus, the IP

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technology integrated with ATM. This brought about the new era of constructing
broadband networks through the integration of the IP and ATM technologies.

5.2 Understanding ATM

This section describes the implementation of ATM.

5.2.1 ATM Protocol Architecture

ATM Protocol Reference Model
Figure 5-1 describes the relationship between the planes and layers of the ATM
protocol architecture.

Figure 5-1 Diagram of the ATM protocol architecture

Management
plane

Control User
plane plane

Upper layer Upper layer Plane management

protocols protocols
Layer management

ATM adaptation
layer

ATM layer

Physical
layer

The ATM protocol architecture consists of the following planes:

● Control plane: This plane generates and manages signaling requests. It sets
up, monitors, and removes connections by using signaling protocols.
● User plane: This plane manages data transmission.
● Management plane: This plane is divided into layer management and plane
management.
– Layer management: It is responsible for the management of every layer
in each plane. It has a layered structure corresponding to other planes.
– Plane management: It is responsible for the system management and the
communications between different planes.

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The ATM protocol architecture is divided into the following layers:

● Physical layer: Similar to the physical layer of the OSI reference model, the
physical layer manages the transmission related to the medium.
● ATM layer: It integrates with the ATM adaptation layer (AAL) and is similar to
the data link layer of the OSI reference model. The ATM layer is responsible
for sharing virtual circuits on the physical link and transmitting ATM cells on
the ATM network.
● AAL: It integrates with the ATM layer and is similar to the data link layer of
the OSI reference model. AAL is mainly responsible for isolating the upper-
layer protocols from the ATM layer. It prepares the switchover from the
service data to cells, and divides the data into a 48-byte cell payload.
● Upper layer: It receives service data, divides it into packets, and transmits it to
AAL for processing.
Each ATM plane are across all layers. Each layer is further divided into several sub-
layers. For details, see the following sections in this chapter.
The ATM protocol architecture is different from the OSI and TCP/IP reference
models.
The comparison between the ATM protocol architecture and the OSI reference
model is shown in Figure 5-2.

Figure 5-2 Comparison between the ATM protocol architecture and the OSI
reference model
ATM Model OSI Reference Model

Upper layer Upper layer

ATM logical link control Logical link control Layer 2

layer layer

ATM adaptation layer

Medium access layer
ATM layer

Physical layer Layer 1

Physical layer

Function Overview of ATM Layers and Sub-layers

Table 5-1 lists the functions of layers and sub-layers in the ATM reference model.

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Table 5-1 Functions of layers and sub-layers in the ATM reference model

Layers of the ATM Sub-layers of the ATM Function

Reference Model Reference Model

ATM Adaptation Layer CS Convergence sub-layer:

(AAL) provides standard
interfaces.

SAR Segmentation and

reassembly sub-layer

ATM layer ● Flow control

● Generation and
extraction of cell
headers
● Management of the
VPI/VCI
● Cell multiplexing or
demultiplexing

Physical layer TC ● Decoupling of the cell

rate
● Generation and check
of the header
checksum
● Generation,
adaptation, and
recovery of cells

PMD ● Clock recovery

● Line encoding
● Physical network
access

The detailed functions of layers and sub-layers in the ATM reference model are
described in the following sections.

5.2.2 ATM Physical layer

The ATM physical layer lies at the bottom of the ATM reference model and
concerns specific transmission media. The ATM physical layer transmits valid cells
and timing signals between upper layers and transmission media.

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), G.Single-pair High-speed Digital

Subscriber Line (G.SHDSL),Very high data rate Digital Subscriber Line(VDSL), and
E1-IMA interfaces on the device can work in ATM mode to provide ATM features.
Therefore, the ATM physical layer refers to an ADSL, VDSL, G.SHDSL, or E1-IMA
interface.

The device supports the following transmission standards for G.SHDSL interfaces:

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● G.991.2 Annex A and G.991.2 Annex F are North American standards.

● G.991.2 Annex B and G.991.2 Annex G are European standards.

The device supports the following transmission standards for ADSL interfaces:
● G.DMT(G.992.1)
● ADSL2(G.992.3)
● ADSL2+(G.992.5)
● T1.413
● AnnexL
● AnnexM
● AnnexJ
NOTE

The device provides ADSL-A/M and ADSL-B/J boards. Only ADSL-A/M boards support
T1.413, AnnexL and AnnexM standards, and only ADSL-B/J boards support AnnexJ standard.

The transmission standard of VDSL interfaces in PTM mode is VDSL2 (G.993.2). In

addition, the VDSL interfaces are compatible with the standards G.DMT (G.992.1),
ADSL2 (G.992.3), ADSL2+ (G.992.5), T1.413, AnnexL, and AnnexM.

For details, see the standards released by the ITU-T.

5.2.3 ATM Layer

Basic Function of the ATM layer

The ATM layer lies on the top of the physical layer and is responsible for
exchanging and multiplexing cells through the ATM network.

The 48-byte payload that is input into the ATM layer is called the Segmentation
and Reassembly-Protocol Data Unit (SAR-PDU). The 53-byte cell is output from
the ATM layer. Thus, this cell is forwarded to the physical layer for transmission.

The ATM layer has the following functions:

● Generates a 5-byte cell header and checks this cell header.

● Transmits the VC number VPI/VCI, multiplexes, and demultiplexes cells.
● Performs the generic flow control (GFC).

ATM Network Interface

An ATM network consists of a group of ATM switches, which are interconnected
through the P2P ATM links or interfaces. ATM network interfaces are divided into
the following types:
● User-to-Network Interface
The UNI defines the interfaces between the peripheral devices and ATM
switches.
Depending on whether the switches are owned by clients or operators, UNIs
can be divided into public UNIs and private UNIs.

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Private UNIs are connected to two switches on the same private ATM network
and used inside the private ATM network. Public UNIs are connected to ATM
peripheral devices or private ATM switches to public ATM switches.
● Network-to-Network Interface
The NNI refers to the interfaces between ATM switches.
Depending on whether the switches are owned by clients or operators, NNI
can be divided into two types: public NNIs and private NNIs.
Connected to two switches on the same private ATM network, the private
NNI is used inside the private ATM network. Connected to two ATM switches
of the same public network carrier, the public NNI is used by one ATM service
provider.
● B-ISDN Inter Carrier Interface
A B-ISDN Inter Carrier Interface (B-ICI) is connected to the public switches of
different network carriers and provides internal connections to multiple ATM
network carriers. B-ICIs are directly connected to NNIs.
Figure 5-3 shows the connections between various ATM network interfaces.

Figure 5-3 ATM network interfaces of the private and public networks

Public ATM
Dedicated Public Public ATM B-ICI networkB
ATM network UNI networkA
Public
Dedicated NNI Dedicated
NNI Dedicated UNI
UNI
Dedicated
UNI

NOTE
On the device, only user-to-network interfaces are used as ATM network interfaces.

Virtual Circuit of ATM

In ATM, VPI/VCI is used to identify a logical connection. The VPI/VCI value only
has local significance.
VPI is used to identify the virtual path (VP) number of the virtual circuit
connection (VCC). VCI is used to identify the VC number of the VP. The
combination of VPI and VCI comprises the connection identifier.
As shown in Figure 5-4, a VCC contains multiple VPs, and a VP contains multiple
VCs.

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Figure 5-4 Diagram of the relationship between VP and VC

VP VC
VP VC
Physical VP VC
channel VCC
VP VC
VP VC
VP VC

The VP is used to adapt to high-speed networks in which network control cost is

increasing. The VP technology reduces the control cost by binding the connections
of the same paths on a shared network into a unit. By doing so, the network
management can only process lesser number of connections, instead of a larger
number of independent connections.
In the ATM communication, an ATM switch transmits the received cells to the
output interface according to the VPI/VCI of the input cells and the forwarding
table that is generated during the setup of a connection. At the same time, this
ATM switch changes the VPI/VCI of a cell into that of an outgoing interface to
complete the VP switching or VC switching.
ATM VCs are of the following types: permanent virtual circuit (PVC), switching
virtual circuit (SVC), and soft virtual circuit (soft VC).
● The PVC is statically configured by the administrator. Once it is set up, it
cannot be removed. PVC applies to connections for advanced requirements.
● The SVC is set up through the signaling protocol. It can be connected and
removed through commands.
When a node receives the connection request from other nodes, the
connection response information needs to be sent to this node if
configuration requirements are satisfied. After the connection is set up, the
connection request is sent to the next target node.
The removing process is similar to the setting up of the connection.
● Soft VC indicates that the ATM network is based on SVC, but peripheral
devices access the ATM network in PVC mode.
The setting up of soft VCs is similar to that of SVCs. The only difference is that
PVCs must be manually configured between ATM switch interfaces and
peripheral devices.
The advantage of this mode is that it is easy to manage users if PVCs are
connected to the users. In addition, SVCs can ensure the proper usage of the
links.

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Figure 5-5 Soft VC

ATM Network

PVC PVC
SVC

Soft VC

Format of an ATM Cell Header

ATM has two types of cell header formats: the user-to-network interface (UNI)
and network-to-network interface (NNI).
The UNI cell header is used for communication between the ATM terminal and
switching nodes on an ATM network.
Figure 5-6 shows the format of a UNI cell header.

Figure 5-6 Format of an ATM UNI cell header

0 4 7 8 bits
GFC VPI
VPI VCI
VCI
VCI PTI CLP
HEC

The NNI cell header is used for communication between two switching nodes.
Figure 5-7 shows the NNI cell header format.

Figure 5-7 Format of an ATM NNI cell header

0 4 7 8 bits
VPI
VPI VCI
VCI
VCI PTI CLP
HEC

The meaning of each field in the preceding diagrams is as follows:

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● GFC: indicates the general flow control with a length of 4 bits. It applies to
the UNI interfaces only. It performs flow control, and identifies different
accesses on a shared media network.
● VPI: indicates the virtual path identifier. In the UNI, it can identify 256 VPs
and its length is 8 bits. In the NNI, it can identify 4096 VPs and its length is 12
bits.
● VCI: indicates the virtual channel identifier. It can identify 65536 VCs and its
length is 16 bits.
● CLP: indicates the cell loss priority. It is used for congestion control and its
length is 1 bit. When congestion occurs, cells with the CLP as 1 are discarded
first.
● PTI: indicates the payload type indicator. It identifies the payload type and its
length is 3 bits.
● HEC: indicates the header error control. It is used for error control and cell
delimitation in a cell header and its length is 8 bits. HEC can correct 1-bit
error, find multi-bit error, and perform HEC on the physical layer.

Some specified VPI/VCI values are reserved for special cells. These special cells are
described as follows:

● Idle cell: Its VPI is 0, VCI is 0, PTI is 0, and CLP is 1. It is used for rate
adaptation.
● Unassigned cell: Its VPI is 0, VCI is 0, PTI can be any value, and CLP is 1.
● OAM cell: For the VP sub-layer, its VCI is 3 and it is used for the VP link. When
VCI is 4, it is used for the VP connection. For the VC sub-layer, it is used for
the VC link when PTI is 4. When PTI is 5, it is used for the VC connection.
● Signaling cell: It is divided into the following types:
– Component signaling cell: Its VPI can be any value, and VCI is 1.
– General broadcast signaling cell: Its VPI can be any value, and VCI is 2.
– Point-to-point (P2P) signaling cell: Its VPI can be any value, and VCI is 5.
● Payload type: Its length is 3 bits. It is used to identify the information field,
that is, the payload type. The following lists the PT values and corresponding
meanings defined by the ITU-T I.361.
– PT = 000: indicates that the service data cell does not experience
congestion and ATM user to user (AUU) is 0.
– PT = 001: indicates that the service data cell does not experience
congestion and AUU is 1.
– PT = 010: indicates that the service data cell experiences congestion and
AUU is 0.
– PT = 011: indicates that the service data cell experiences congestion and
AUU is 1.
– PT = 100: indicates the cells related to the OAM F5 segment.
– PT = 101: indicates the OAM F5 end-to-end cells.
– PT = 110: indicates the resource management cells.
– PT = 111: This PT is for future use.

When cells are used to carry service data:

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● the first bit of PT is 0.

● The second bit identifies whether cells experience congestion and can be set
through the network node when there is congestion.
● The third bit is an AUU indicator. AUU = 0 indicates that the corresponding
SAR-PDU is the beginning segment or intermediate segment. AUU = 1
indicates that SAR-PDU is the ending segment.

ATM OAM
ATM Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) provides a mechanism to
detect and locate faults and verify network performance without interrupting
services. Broadband-Integrated Services Digital Network (ITU-T B-ISDN) I.610
defines the OAM function on the ATM network and classifies the OAM function
into the following five layers in Table 5-2.

Table 5-2 Layer of the OAM functions

Layer Description

F1: Regenerator section layer Physical layer OAM: The OAM flow
depends on the concrete mechanism
F2: Digit section layer of the transmission system. The ATM
F3: Transmission channel layer network includes the following three
types of transmission systems:
● Transmission system based on SDH
(defined in G.707 and G.783)
● Transmission system based on cell
(defined in I.432.1, I.432.2, and I.
432.4)
● Transmission system based on PDH
(defined in G.702, G.804 and G.832)

F4: Virtual path layer ATM layer OAM: based on VP/VC and
does not depend on the transmission
F5: Virtual channel layer system.

The two types of operation flows are defined in the ATM layer: F4 and F5.
● F4 flow is the OAM cell flow in the Virtual Path Connect (VPC) and provides
the operation management and maintenance of the VP layer.
● F5 flow is the Virtual Channel Connect (VCC) and provides the operation
management and maintenance of the VC layer.

After the OAM is activated in the F4 and F5 flows, the specified OAM cells are
inserted into the user cells to occupy certain bandwidth and to be transmitted in
the same physical channel with the cells of the other users.

The F4 and F5 flows support four types of OAM cells: FM OAM cell, PM OAM cell,
active/deactive OAM cell, and SM OAM cell, as shown in Table 5-3.

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Table 5-3 OAM functions in the ATM layer

Cell Type Content Description

FM (Fault Management) AIS (reports the errors to The FM OAM cell is uses
downstream) to detect and locate the
faults of in-service which
RDI (reports the errors to is real-time and
upstream) consecutive.
LoopBack (detects the
connectivity and locates
the faults)

CC (continuity detection)

PM (Performance FM (forward The PM OAM cell is used

Management) performance monitoring) to monitor the
performance.
BM (backward
performance monitoring)

Active/Deactive Active PM (active The active/deactive OAM

performance monitoring) cell is used to activate/
deactivate the OAM cell.
Active CC (active
continuity detection)

Deactive PM (deactive
performance monitoring)

Deactive CC (deactive
continuity detection)

SM (System Can only be used by the The SM OAM cell is used

Management) terminal system. to maintain and control
the different functions
among the terminal
devices and can only
exist in the end-to-end
F4/F5.

On the ATM network, three types of the OAM functional nodes are as follows:
● End point
The end point is defined as the point connecting the ATM network in I.610
and usually refers to the border of the ATM network. The end points are the
termination points of all the OAM cells and cannot send the OAM cells
backwards. If the end points detect that the link is faulty, they do not insert
the OAM cells into the downstream node but insert the end Remote Defect
Indication (RDI) cells into the upstream nodes and notify the upstream nodes
that the upstream link is faulty.
● Segment point
The segment point is defined in I.610. One ATM link may consist of many
segments. The segment points can terminate all the segment cells but not the

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end cells. If the segment points detect that the link is faulty, they insert the
end Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) cells into the downstream nodes and the
segment RDI cells into the upstream nodes.
● Middle point
The middle point is in between the two segment points or the two end points,
so it can be classified into two types: end middle point and segment middle
point. The middle points do not terminate any cells, and the segment cells
and end cells can be transmitted transparently. If the middle points detect
that the link is faulty, they send the segment AIS cells and end AIS cells to the
downstream nodes.
The device supports F5 OAM and FM OAM cells. When the device implements
OAM, it functions only as an end point.

5.2.4 ATM Adaptation Layer

Structure and Function of ATM Adaptation Layer
ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) is the interface between upper-layer protocols and
the ATM layer. It forwards and receives the information between ATM layers and
upper-layer protocols.
AAL lies on top of the ATM layers and corresponds to the data link layer of the
OSI reference model.
AAL is divided into the following layers.
● Convergence Sub-layer
Convergence sub-layer (CS) contains the following two sub-layers:
– Service special convergence sub-layer (SSCS)
– Common part convergence sub-layer (CPCS)
The CS sub-layer is used to convert the upper-layer information into ATM
payload with the same size that is suitable for the segments.
SSCS associates with the features of various services. The CPCS changes into
frames by adding stuffing characters with variable length at the front and
back of frames to perform error detection. The frames change into the integer
multiple of 48-byte payload through filling.
● Segmentation and Reassembly
When peripheral devices send data, segmentation and reassembly (SAR) is
used to divide aggregation frames into 48-byte payloads. When peripheral
devices receive data, SAR is used to reassemble 48-byte payloads into
aggregation frames.

AAL Type
Currently, four types of AAL are available: AAL1, AAL2, AAL3/4, and AAL5. Each
type supports certain specified services on the ATM network. Products produced
by most ATM equipment manufacturers widely adopt AAL5 to support data
communication service.

NOTE
The device supports only AAL5.

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● AAL1
AAL1 is used for constant bit rate (CBR), sending data at a fixed interval.
AAL1 uses one part of the 48-byte payload to bear additional information,
such as sequence number (SN) and sequence number protection (SNP). SN
contains 1-bit convergence sub-layer identifier and 3-bit sequence counting
(SC). CSI is also used for timing.
● AAL2
Compared with AAL1, AAL2 can transmit compressed voice and realize
common channel signaling (CCS) inside ISDN.
Details on AAL2 are defined in ITU-T 363.2.
AAL2 supports the processing of compressed voice at the upper limit rate of
5.3 Kbit/s. This realizes silence detection, suppression, elimination, and CCS. In
addition, higher bandwidth utilization is available. Segments can be
encapsulated into one or multiple ATM cells.
CS of AAL2 can be divided into CPCS and SSCS. SSCS is on top of CPCS. The
basic structure of AAL2 users can be recognized through CPCS. Error check,
data encapsulation, and payload breakdown can be performed.
AAL2 allows payloads of variable length to exist in one or multiple ATM cells.
● AAL3/4
As the first technology trying to realize cell delay, AAL3/4 stipulates the
connection-oriented and connectionless data transmission.
CPCS is used to detect and process errors, identify the CPCS-service data unit
(SDU) to be transmitted, and determine the length of the CPCS-packet data
unit (PDU).
● AAL5
AAL5 can also process connection-oriented and connectionless data. AAL5 is
called the simple and valid adaptation layer. It uses 48 bytes to load the
payload information. AAL5 does not use the additional information bit. It
contains no sequence number and cannot detect errors.
AAL5 SAR sub-layer is simple. It divides CPCS-PDUs into 48-byte SAR-PDUs
without any overhead and realizes the reverse function when receiving data.
The CPCS-PDU format of AAL5 CPCS is shown in Figure 5-8.

Figure 5-8 CPCS-PDU format

CPCS-PDU data PAD UU CPI L CRC
0~47bytes 8bits 8bits 16bits 32bits
CPCS-PDU tail

The length of the CPCS-PDU payload is variable and ranges from 1 to 65535
bytes.
As shown in Figure 5-8, no CPCS-PDU header exists. A CPCS-PDU tail,
however, occupies eight bytes. The meaning of each field in Figure 5-8 is as
follows:
– PAD: indicates the stuffing bit, making the CPCS-PDU length as the
integer multiple of 48-byte payload.

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– UU: is used for transparent transmission of CPCS user information.

– CPI: is used to change the CPCS-PDU tail so that it is 8 bytes.
– L: indicates the payload length of CPCS-PDU.
– CRC: protects CPCS-PDU
SSCS of AAL5 CS is similar to AAL3/4. CPCS is also shared by upper layers.
CPCS performs error detection, processes errors, fills bytes to form 48-byte
payloads, and discards the received incomplete CPCS-PDU.

5.2.5 ATM Multiprotocol Encapsulation

ATM multiprotocol encapsulation, defines the standard of transmitting
multiprotocol data packets on the ATM network in the format of AAL5 frame.

In addition, the RFC also defines the following two multiprotocol encapsulations,
both of which carry the PDU in the payload field of the AAL5 frame. The format of
the AAL5 CPCS-PDU is shown in Figure 5-9.

Figure 5-9 CPCS-PDU format

CPCS-PDU data PAD UU CPI L CRC

0~47bytes 8bits 8bits 16bits 32bits
CPCS-PDU tail

● Logical Link Control (LLC)/Sub-Network Attachment Point (SNAP), which is

the default encapsulation technology
● LLC/SNAP allows multiprotocol multiplexing on a single ATM virtual circuit
(AC). The type of the protocol carrying the PDU is identified by the LLC
header of the IEEE 802.2 standard that is added to the PDU.
● VC multiplexing
● VC multiplexing ensures the carrying of high-layer protocols on ATM VCs.
Each protocol is carried on a distinct ATM VC.

LLC/SNAP Encapsulation
LLC encapsulation is needed when several protocols are carried over the same VC.
To ensure that the receiver properly processes the received AAL5 CPCS-PDU
packets, the payload field must contain information necessary to identify the
protocol of the routed or bridged PDU. In LLC encapsulation, this information is
encoded in an LLC header placed in front of the carried PDU.

There are two types of LLC:

● LLC type 1: Unacknowledged connectionless mode

● LLC type 2: Connection-mode

Unless otherwise specified, LLC in this document refers to LLC type 1. The
application of LLC type 2 is similar to that of LLC type 1.

● LLC Encapsulation for Routed Protocols

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In LLC encapsulation, the protocol of a routed PDU is identified by prefixing

the PDU by an IEEE 802.2 LLC header. As shown in Figure 5-10, an LLC header
consists of three fields with the length of 1 byte.

Figure 5-10 LLC header structure

0 1 2
DSAP SSAP Ctrl

In LLC encapsulation for routed protocols:

– The LLC header value 0xFE-FE-03 identifies a routed ISO PDU.
– The Ctrl field value is 0x03, specifying an unnumbered information
command PDU.
For routed ISO PDUs, the format of the AAL5 CPCS-PDU Payload field is
shown in Figure 5-11.

Figure 5-11 Payload format for routed ISO PDUs

LLC 0xFE-FE-03
ISO PDU
PAD
CPCS-UU
CPI
Length
CRC

The meaning of each field is as follows:

– LLC: Its fixed value is 0xFE-FE-03.
– ISO PDU: Its length ranges from 1 to 65532 bytes.
– PAD: Its length ranges from 0 to 47 bytes.
– CPCS-UU: Its length is 1 byte.
– CPI: Its length is 1 byte.
– Length: It is 2 bytes.
– CRC: Its length is 4 bytes.
ISO routing protocol is identified by a 1-byte Network Layer Protocol
Identifier (NLPID) field that is a part of the protocol data. NLPID values are
administered by ISO and ITU-T.
An NLPID value of 0x00 is defined in ISO/IEC TR 9577 as the null network
layer or inactive set. Since it has no significance within the context of this
encapsulation scheme, an NLPID value of 0x00 is invalid.
Although an IP is not an ISO protocol, the IP has an NLPID value of 0xCC. For
an IP, it adopts the preceding encapsulation format that is not used often.
The LLC header value 0xAA-AA-03 identifies a SNAP header with IEEE802.1a.
Figure 5-12 shows the format of a SNAP header.

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Figure 5-12 Format for SNAP headers

0 2 4
OUI PID

A SNAP header is 5 bytes in length, consisting of the OUI and PID.

– The organizationally unique identifier (OUI) is 3 bytes in length. The OUI
identifies an organization that administers the meaning of the following
Protocol Identifier (PID). The OUI value 0x00-00-00 indicates that the PID
is an Ethernet type.
– The PID is 2 bytes in length.
An SNAP header thus identifies a unique routed or bridged protocol.
For routed non-ISO PDUs, the format of an AAL5 CPCS-PDU payload is shown
in Figure 5-13, in which the field indicating that the Ethernet type is 2 bytes
in length.

Figure 5-13 Format for routed non-ISO PDUs

LLC 0xAA-AA-03
OUI 0x00-00-00
EtherType 0x08-00
Non-ISO PDU
PAD
CPCS-UU
CPI
Length
CRC

In the detailed format of an IPv4 PDU, the Ethernet type value is 0x08-00.
Figure 5-14 shows the format of the IP PDU.

Figure 5-14 Format for routed IPv4 PDUs

LLC 0xAA-AA-03
OUI 0x00-00-00
EtherType
Non-ISO PDU
PAD
CPCS-UU
CPI
Length
CRC

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● LLC Encapsulation for Bridged Protocols

In the LLC encapsulation, the bridged PDU is encapsulated by defining the
type of the bridged media in the SNAP header.
The LLC header value 0xAA-AA-03 identifies the SNAP header. In the LLC
encapsulation of bridged protocols, the OUI field value in the SNAP header is
the 802.1 organization code 0x00-80-C2.
Currently, the bridged media type is specified by the 2-byte PID. In addition,
the PID indicates whether the original frame check sequence (FCS) is
preserved within the bridged PDU.
Table 5-4 lists the media type values that are used in the ATM encapsulation.

Table 5-4 List of some values of OUI 00-80-C2

Preserved FCS Not Preserved FCS Media Type

0x00-01 0x00-07 802.3/Ethernet

- 0x00-0D Fragments

- 0x00-0E BPDUs

The AAL5 CPCS-PDU Payload field carrying a bridged PDU must have one of
the following formats.
It is required to add padding after the PID field to align the user information
field of the Ethernet and 802.3.
The sequence of a MAC address must be the same as that in the LAN or
MAN.

Figure 5-15 Payload format for bridged Ethernet/802.3 PDUs

LLC 0xAA-AA-03
OUI 0x00-80-C2
PID 0x00-01 or 0x00-07
PAD 0x00-00
MAC destination address
(remainder of MAC frame)
LAN FCS (if PID is 0x00-01)

Padding is added to ensure that the length of a frame on the Ethernet/802.3

physical layer reaches the minimum value. Padding must be added when
bridged Ethernet/802.3 PDU encapsulation with the LAN FCS is used.
Otherwise, you do not need to add padding.
When frames without the LAN FCS are received, the bridge must add some
padding to the frames before forwarding the frames to an Ethernet/802.3
subnet.

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VC Multiplexing
In the multiplexing technologies based on the VC, the VC between two ATM sites
is used to differentiate the protocols that carry network interconnection. That is,
each protocol must be carried over each VC.
Thus, no additional multiplexing information is contained on the payload of each
AAL5 CPCS-PDU. This can save bandwidth and reduce the processing cost.
● VC Multiplexing for Routed Protocols
In VC multiplexing for routed protocols, the Payload field of an AAL5 CPCS-
PDU contains only the routed PDU packet. The format of the PDU packet is
shown in Figure 5-16.

Figure 5-16 Payload Format for Routed PDUs

...
Carried PDU
(up to 2^16 - 1 octets)
...

● VC Multiplexing for Bridged Protocols

In VC multiplexing for bridged protocols, how to carry a bridged PDU in the
payload field of an AAL5 CPCS-PDU must be the same as that described in
LLC Encapsulation for Bridged Protocols except that only the field after the
PID is contained in the PDU packet.

Figure 5-17 Payload Format for Bridged Ethernet/802.3 PDUs

PAD 0x00-00
MAC destination address
(remainder of MAC frame)
LAN FCS (VC dependent option)

Since the PID field is not contained in a bridged Ethernet/802.3 PDU packet,
the VC determines the LAN FCS. PDUs in the same bridged medium can carry
different protocols regardless of whether the PDUs contain the LAN FCS.

5.2.6 ATM Service Classes

The device provides four ATM service classes: constant bit rate (CBR), unspecified
bit rate (UBR), variable bit rate-real time (VBR-RT), and variable bit rate-non real
time (VBR-NRT). The four service classes are selected based on QoS requirements.

CBR
The CBR service class is designed for connections requiring a static amount of
bandwidth that is continuously available during the lifetime of the connections.

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The amount of bandwidth is determined by the peak cell rate (PCR). The source
end configured with the CBR service class can send cells at the PCR at any time.
The CBR service class is usually used to support real-time services requiring low
delay, such as voice and video services.

VBR-RT
The VBR-RT service class is used for real-time applications requiring low delay and
jitter, such as voice and video services.
The VBR-RT is determined by the PCR, sustainable cell rate (SCR), and maximum
burst size (MBS). When the average cell rate is the SCR, the source end can
transmit burst traffic of the maximum length of the MBS at the PCR without
packet loss.

VBR-NRT
The VBR-NRT service class supports burst and non-real-time applications. The
VBR-NRT service class does not require low delay and has the same parameters as
the VBR-RT service class.

UBR
The UBR service class is used for applications that tolerate the cell delay and cell
loss on the network. The UBR service class does not provide QoS guarantee, and
the cell loss ratio and cell delay are variable. If congestion occurs, UBR cells are
discarded first.

5.3 Licensing Requirements and Limitations for ATM

This section describes ATM features.

Involved Network Elements

None.

Licensing Requirements
ATM features is a basic capability of an AR router and is not under license control.

Feature Limitations
An E1-IMA interface, ADSL interface, VDSL interface working in ATM mode or
G.SHDSL interface working in ATM mode on the device provides ATM features. For
details on how to configure E1-IMA, ADSL, VDSL and G.SHDSL interfaces, see IMA
Configuration, ADSL Interface Configuration, VDSL Interface Configuration and
G.SHDSL Interface Configuration in the Huawei AR Series Access Routers
Configuration Guide - Interface Management. For details on how to configure E1-
IMA, ADSL, VDSL and G.SHDSL interfaces, see IMA (Licensing Requirements and
Limitations for IMA), ADSL (Licensing Requirements and Limitations for ADSL
Interfaces), VDSL (Licensing Requirements and Limitations for VDSL Interfaces),
and G.SHDSL (Licensing Requirements and Limitations for G.SHDSL Interfaces).

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If PPPoE packets or MP packets are transmitted over an ATM link, only the
PPPoEoA client and MPoEoA client are supported.

5.4 Application Scenarios for ATM

This section describes the application scenarios for ATM.

5.4.1 IPoA
IP over AAL5 (IPoA) means that AAL5 bears IP packets. That is, IP packets are
encapsulated in ATM cells and transmitted on the ATM network.

Figure 5-18 Networking diagram of the IPoA application

RouterB

ATM1/0/0

To A:0/40
RouterA To C:0/51
ATM1/0/0 ATM
Network
To B:0/40 RouterC
To C:0/41
ATM1/0/0
To A:0/41
To B:0/51

Realization
As shown in Figure 5-18, on RouterA, PVC 0/40 can reach RouterB, and PVC 0/41
can reach RouterC. If IP packets sent to RouterB need to be sent from PVC 0/40,
the IP address of RouterB must be mapped on PVC 0/40. After address mapping is
set up, RouterA sets up a route that reaches the IP address of RouterB. The
outgoing interface is the interface where ATM PVC 0/40 resides.

5.4.2 IPoEoA
IP over Ethernet over AAL5 (IPoEoA) has a three-layer architecture. The high layer
is IP encapsulation, the middle layer is IPoE, and the low layer is IPoE over AAL5.
IPoE packets are transmitted after being encapsulated on the ATM.

When devices are connected to the remote access server through a high rate link,
the access to the external network can be realized through the Ethernet packets
over ATM.

For IPoEoA, the device realizes the following functions:

● A Virtual-Ethernet (VE) interface can associate multiple PVCs.

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● PVCs that are associated with the same VE interface communicate through
Layer 2.

Figure 5-19 Networking diagram of IPoEoA

ADSL
Router A
Ethernet
Server

202.38.160.1

PC
Router C
DSLAM To ADSL Router A: 0/60
To ADSL Router B: 0/61
Virtual Ethernet1/0/0
Ethernet

Server

ADSL
Router B
PC

Implementation
As shown in Figure 5-19, IP packets must be encapsulated into Ethernet frames
and transmitted as ATM cells. Thus, the interfaces with the IP address and
Ethernet address information must exist between routers. Setting up a VE
interface and mapping it to the PVC of ATM can realize IPoEoA. That is, all the
packets sent from the local router to the VE interface are transmitted as ATM cells
after being encapsulated through the mapped ATM interface.

5.4.3 PPPoA
PPP over AAL5 (PPPoA) means that AAL5 carries PPP packets. It means that ATM
cells are used to encapsulate PPP packets. IP or other packets are encapsulated in
PPP packets. In this manner, AAL5 can be regarded as the bearer layer of PPP
packets.
PPPoA can make use of the flexibility and extensive applications of PPP because
the PPPoA communication process is managed by PPP.
Users must create a Virtual-Template (VT) before transmitting PPP packets over
AAL5. Figure 5-20 shows typical networking of PPPoA.

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Figure 5-20 Networking diagram of PPPoA

ADSL RouterA

RouterC
PC 1 DSLAM
ATM1/0/0

To ADSL RouterA:0/60 PC3

To ADSL RouterB:0/61

PC2 ADSL RouterB

Realization
In PPPoA mode, PPP packets are encapsulated as ATM cells and transmitted on an
ATM network. The PPPoA mode is similar to the IPoEoA mode.
A VT interface is required because the establishment of PPP needs to be
authenticated.
When authentication is performed on RouterC, the authenticated user name,
password, and assigned IP address pool need to be created on RouterC. Set
parameters such as the local IP address, authentication mode (PAP or CHAP) of
remote users, and address pool that allocates addresses to the authenticated users
on the VT interface. The VT is mapped to the PVC, which associates PPP and ATM.
On the ADSL Router A at the client end, a VT must be created and mapped onto
the corresponding ATM interface. The user name, password, authentication mode,
and IP address acquisition mode that are authenticated on RouterC must be
configured on a VT interface.

5.4.4 PPPoEoA
PPPoE over AAL5 (PPPoEoA) means that AAL5 bears the PPPoE (PPP over
Ethernet) packets. ATM cells are used to encapsulate Ethernet packets. In this
manner, a PVC simulates all the functions of the Ethernet.
The router implements the Ethernet packets over AAL5 through a VE interface.
This VE interface has the feature of the Ethernet and can be dynamically created
by using the configuration commands.
The protocol stack of this interface is as follows:
● The bottom layer is the PVC of ATM, through which packets can be
transmitted and received.
● The link layer is an Ethernet protocol.
● The network layer and upper layer protocols are the same as the protocols of
common Ethernet interfaces.
PPP packets are encapsulated in the Ethernet packets that are encapsulated and
transmitted in the ATM network.

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Figure 5-21 Networking diagram of PPPoEoA

ADSL
Router A

Ethernet
Server
VT10: 202.38.160.1/24
VT11: 202.38.161.1/24

PC
Router C
DSLAM To ADSL Router A: 0/60
To ADSL Router B: 0/61
ATM1/0/0.1
Ethernet

Server

ADSL
Router B
PC

Realization Method
PPP encapsulation is implemented on a VT, PPPoE is used to encapsulate PPP
packets on a VE, and an ATM interface uses PPPoEoA to encapsulate PPPoE
packets. PPPoEoA implementation is similar to PPPoA implementation.
Configure parameters such as users and address pool on the authenticating router.
External remote authentication dial-in user service (RADIUS) can also be used. The
local authentication is described here. Configuration on the VT interface is the
same as that described in PPPoA. A VE interface is set up again. The VT is mapped
on the VE interface to realize the encapsulation or decapsulation of PPPoE
packets. Then, the VE interface is mapped onto the ATM interface.

5.5 Default Settings for ATM

This section describes the default settings for ATM.

Table 5-5 Default settings for ATM

Parameter Default Setting

AAL5 encapsulation type of a PVC aal5snap

PVC service type Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)

OAM Continuity Check (CC) Disabled

AIS/RDI cell detection Disabled

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5.6 Configuring an ATM PVC Group

You can configure a PVC group to allow PVCs destined for the same IP address to
forward data at the same time. Configuring a PVC group fully utilizes bandwidth
resources and improves reliability of important services.

Pre-configuration Tasks
Before creating a PVC group and configuring PVC service mapping, complete the
following tasks:
● Configuring physical attributes for ATM interfaces on the device
● Configuring IP addresses and masks for ATM interfaces and sub-interfaces
● Creating PVCs and configuring their application mode

5.6.1 Creating a PVC Group

Procedure
Step 1 Run system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run interface atm interface-number[.subinterface ]
The ATM interface or sub-interface view is displayed.

NOTE

If the interface type is an ATM sub-interface, you can run atm-link check command to enable
the connection of a link on an ATM sub-interface. When all the PVCs or PVPs go Down, the
protocol status on the ATM sub-interface is set to Down.

Step 3 Run pvc { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci }

A PVC is created and the PVC view is displayed.

NOTE

If the status of a PVC is unstable, and the local end of the PVC needs to know the status
change of the remote end, the OAM F5 loopback function must be enabled on the local
end.
The virtual path identifier (VPI)/virtual channel identifier (VCI) values configured for the
primary and secondary ATM PVCs in an ATM PVC group must be the same on the local and
remote ends. The IP precedence value or the DSCP value carried by the IP packet on each
ATM PVC must also be the same on the local and remote ends. If the IP packets on ATM
PVCs on the local and remote ends are configured with different IP precedence values or
DSCP values, services provided by the ATM PVC group will be interrupted.

Step 4 Run quit

The ATM interface or sub-interface view is displayed.
Step 5 Run pvc-group { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci }
A PVC group is created and the PVC group view is displayed.

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The PVC name or VPI/VCI values must be available for creating a PVC group or
entering the view of a PVC group.

Step 6 Run pvc-protect { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci } individual

The protection for member permanent virtual channels (PVCs) in a PVC group is
configured.

After the protection for member PVCs in a PVC group is configured, the PVC group
will become unavailable so that traffic cannot be forwarded if the link goes faulty
on a protected member PVC. This way helps detect the link fault promptly and
locate the cause.

----End

5.6.2 Mapping IP Precedence Values to Separate ATM PVCs in

an ATM PVC Group

Prerequisites
PVCs with specified precedence values have been configured.

Context
PVCs in a group can be configured to transmit IP packets with different
precedence values. PVCs transmitting IP packets with high precedence values
preferentially use bandwidth resources.

After IP precedence values or DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) values are mapped to
PVCs, IP packets with different precedence values are transmitted along different
PVCs. In this manner, IP packets with different precedence values are transmitted
separately.

Procedure
Step 1 Run system-view

The system view is displayed.

Step 2 Run interface atm interface-number [.subinterface ]

The ATM interface or sub-interface view is displayed.

Step 3 Run pvc-group { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci }

The PVC group view is displayed.

IP precedence values can only be mapped to PVCs transmitting IPoA packets.

Step 4 Run either of the following commands as required:

● To map specified precedence values of IP packets to a PVC, run:
ip precedence { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci } { min [ max ] | default }

● To map specified DSCP values of IP packets to a PVC, run:

ip dscp { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci } { min [ max ] | default }

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NOTE

PVC service mapping does not change the precedence values of IP packets transmitted
along PVCs in a PVC group. To change precedence values for IP packets, configure certain
tags carried in IP packets. For details, see the Huawei AR Series Access Routers
Configuration Guide - QoS.

----End

5.6.3 Verifying the ATM PVC Group Configuration

Prerequisites
The configurations of a PVC group and PVC service mapping are complete.

Procedure
● Run the display atm pvc-info [ interface atm interface-number [ pvc { pvc-
name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci } ] ] command to check information about PVCs.
● Run the display atm pvc-info statistics [ interface interface-type interface-
number ] command to check statistics information about PVCs.
● Run the display atm pvc-group [ interface atm interface-number [ pvc
{ pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci } ] ] command to check information about a
PVC group.

----End

5.7 Configuring ATM Links to Transmit Different

Protocol Packets
This section describes how to configure IPoA, IPoEoA, PPPoA, PPPoEoA and ATM
transparent bridging.

Pre-configuration Tasks
Before configuring ATM links to transmit different protocol packets, complete the
following tasks:

● Powering on the device and ensuring that the device detects no error during
self-check
● Creating PVCs
● Performing basic configuration of transparent bridging

5.7.1 Configuring IPoA Mapping on PVCs

Prerequisites
Before creating PVCs and configuring IPoA mapping on PVCs, complete the
following configurations:

● Configuring physical attributes for ATM interfaces on the device

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Context
By configuring IPoA mapping on PVCs, you can enable a device to encapsulate IP
packets into ATM cells and transmit them over ATM networks. This allows AAL5 to
transmit IP protocol packets.

Procedure
Step 1 Run system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run interface atm interface-number[.subinterface ]
The ATM interface or sub-interface view is displayed.
Step 3 Run pvc { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci }
A PVC is created and the PVC view is displayed.

NOTE

● The VCI values 3 and 4 are reserved and cannot be configured.

● The VPI and VCI values cannot be both 0s.

Step 4 Run encapsulation { aal5snap | aal5mux }

The AAL5 encapsulation type is specified for the PVC.
The AAL5 encapsulation type can be aal5snap or aal5mux. The default value is
aal5snap.
If aal5mux is configured as the AAL5 encapsulation type, InARP cannot be
enabled. If InARP has been enabled, disable InARP before setting the AAL5
encapsulation type to aal5mux for PVCs.
Step 5 Run map ip { ip-address | default | inarp [ minutes ] } [ broadcast ]
IPoA mapping is configured.

NOTE

One IP address cannot be mapped to multiple ATM interfaces or sub-interfaces on the

same device as this interrupts traffic forwarding.
The AR109, AR109W, AR109GW-L, AR129, AR129W, AR129CVW, AR129CV, AR129GW-L,
AR129CGVW-L, AR169, AR169W, AR169EW, AR169CVW, AR169EGW-L, AR169CVW-4B4S,
AR169G-L, AR169W-P-M9, AR169RW-P-M9, and AR169-P-M9 do not support map ip inarp
[ minutes ] command.

If the PVC needs to transmit broadcast IP packets, broadcast must be configured.

NOTICE

The IP address specified in this command must be the IP address of the peer
interface. Otherwise, data cannot be correctly forwarded.

----End

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5.7.2 Configuring IPoEoA Mapping on PVCs

Prerequisites
Before creating PVCs and configuring IPoEoA mapping on PVCs, complete the
following configurations:

● Configuring physical attributes for ATM interfaces on the device

● Creating a VE interface and configuring an IP address and a mask for the
interface

Context
By configuring IPoEoA mapping on PVCs, you can enable PVCs associated with the
same Virtual Ethernet (VE) interface to communicate at Layer 2. This allows AAL5
to transmit IPoE protocol packets.

Procedure
Step 1 Run system-view

The system view is displayed.

Step 2 Run interface virtual-ethernet interface-number

A VE interface is created and the VE interface view is displayed.

Step 3 Configure the IP address of the VE interface.

● Configure the IPv4 address of the VE interface.
– Assign an IP address to the VE interface.
Run ip address ip-address { mask | mask-length }
An IP address is assigned to the VE interface.
– Obtaining IP addresses using DHCP.
Run ip address dhcp-alloc
The DHCP client function is enabled on an interface.
● Configure the IPv6 address of the VE interface.
Run ipv6 address { ipv6-address prefix-length | ipv6-address/prefix-length }
An IPv6 address is assigned to the VE interface.
NOTE

Before assigning an IPv6 address to an interface, run the ipv6 command in the system
view to enable IPv6 packet forwarding and run the ipv6 enable command on the
interface to enable IPv6.

Step 4 Run quit

The system view is displayed.

Step 5 Run interface atm interface-number [.subinterface ]

The ATM interface or sub-interface view is displayed.

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Step 6 Run pvc { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci }

A PVC is created and the PVC view is displayed.

Step 7 Run encapsulation { aal5snap | aal5mux }

The AAL5 encapsulation type is specified for the PVC.

The AAL5 encapsulation type can be aal5snap or aal5mux. The default value is
aal5snap.

Step 8 Run map bridge virtual-ethernet interface-number

IPoEoA mapping is configured.

----End

5.7.3 Configuring PPPoA Mapping on PVCs in Permanent

Online Mode
Context
By configuring PPPoA mapping on PVCs, you can enable a device to encapsulate
PPP packets into ATM cells and transmit them over ATM networks. This allows
AAL5 to transmit PPP protocol packets.

Procedure
Step 1 Run system-view

The system view is displayed.

Step 2 Run interface virtual-template vt-number

A VT interface is created and the VT interface view is displayed.

Step 3 Configure the IP address of the VT interface.

● Configure the IPv4 address of the VT interface.
– Assign an IP address to the VT interface.
Run ip address ip-address { mask | mask-length }
An IP address is assigned to the VT interface.
– Configure the VT interface to obtain an IP address from the peer device.
Run ip address ppp-negotiate
The VT interface is configured to obtain an IP address from the peer
device.
● Configure the IPv6 address of the VT interface.
Run ipv6 address { ipv6-address prefix-length | ipv6-address/prefix-length }
An IPv6 address is assigned to the VT interface.
NOTE
Before assigning an IPv6 address to an interface, run the ipv6 command in the system
view to enable IPv6 packet forwarding and run the ipv6 enable command on the
interface to enable IPv6.

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Step 4 Run quit

The system view is displayed.

Step 5 Run interface atm interface-number [.subinterface ]

The ATM interface or sub-interface view is displayed.

Step 6 Run pvc { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci }

A PVC is created and the PVC view is displayed.

Step 7 Run encapsulation { aal5snap | aal5mux }

The AAL5 encapsulation type is specified for the PVC.

The AAL5 encapsulation type can be aal5snap or aal5mux. The default value is
aal5snap.

Step 8 Run map ppp virtual-template vt-number

PPPoA mapping is configured on the PVC.

----End

5.7.4 Configuring PPPoA Mapping on a PVC Using On-demand

Dialing

Context
PPPoA mapping on a PVC enables the device to encapsulate PPP packets into ATM
cells and transmit them over an ATM network. To reduce traffic, configure PPPoA
mapping using on-demand dialing.

Configure PPPoA mapping on a PVC using the following methods:

● Permanent online
● On-demand dialing

In on-demand dialing mode, a PVC is terminated after it becomes idle for a period
of time and is re-established when traffic needs to be transmitted. In permanent
online mode, a PVC is always functioning after it is configured. Using a PVC in on-
demand rather than permanent online dialing mode reduces traffic.

Procedure
Step 1 Run system-view

The system view is displayed.

Step 2 Configure a dialer interface. Refer to 4.8.1 Configuring a Dialer Interface in 4

PPPoE Configuration.

Step 3 Run dialer timer idle seconds

The maximum link idle time is set.

By default, the maximum link idle time is 120 seconds.

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The configured link idle time determines the maximum idle time of a PPPoA
connection established in on-demand dialing mode. A PPPoA connection is
terminated when the maximum link idle time expires.

This command affects only new calls but not the established calls.

Step 4 Run quit

Return to the system view.

Step 5 Run interface atm interface-number [.subinterface ]

The ATM interface or sub-interface view is displayed.

Step 6 Run pvc { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci }

A PVC is created and the PVC view is displayed.

Step 7 Run encapsulation { aal5snap | aal5mux }

The AAL5 encapsulation type is set for the PVC.

The AAL5 encapsulation type of a PVC can be aal5snap or aal5mux. By default,

the AAL5 encapsulation type is aal5snap.

Step 8 Run map ppp dialer number

PPPoEoA mapping is configured on the PVC.

Step 9 Run quit

Return to the system view.

Step 10 Run ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 { nexthop-address | interface-type interface-

number } [ preference preference ]
A default route from the local end to the PPPoA server is Configured.

----End

5.7.5 Configuring PPPoEoA Mapping on PVCs

Context
By configuring PPPoEoA mapping on PVCs, you can enable a device to encapsulate
PPPoE packets into ATM cells and transmit them over ATM networks. This allows
AAL5 to transmit PPPoE protocol packets.

PPPoEoA uses the client/server model. A PPPoEoA client sends a connection

request to the PPPoEoA server. After the client and server complete negotiation,
the server provides access control and authentication functions.

The router functions as a PPPoEoA client.

Procedure
Step 1 Run system-view

The system view is displayed.

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Step 2 Configure a dialer interface. Refer to 4.8.1 Configuring a Dialer Interface in 4

PPPoE Configuration.

Step 3 Run interface virtual-ethernet interface-number

A VE interface is created and the VE interface view is displayed.

Step 4 Run pppoe-client dial-bundle-number number [ on-demand ] [ no-hostuniq ]

[ ppp-max-payload value ] service-name name

A PPPoE session is created and the dialer bundle is specified for the session.

Step 5 Run quit

Return to the system view.

Step 6 Run interface atm interface-number [.subinterface ]

The ATM interface view or ATM sub-interface view is displayed.

Step 7 Run pvc { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci }

A PVC is created and the PVC view is displayed.

Step 8 Run map bridge virtual-ethernet interface-number

PPPoEoA mapping is configured on the PVC.

----End

5.7.6 Configuring MPoEoA Mapping on PVCs

Context
Users connect to a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) through
G.SHDSL interfaces or inverse multiplexing over ATM (IMA) interfaces to
communicate with the Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet over ATM (PPPoEoA)
server. When users require high bandwidth, a single PPPoEoA link cannot provide
sufficient bandwidth. You need to bundle multiple PPPoEoA links into a Multilink
PPP over Ethernet over ATM (MPoEoA) link to increase link bandwidth and
improve link reliability.

Procedure
Step 1 Create PPPoEoA mapping on PVCs of an ATM interface.

For configuration details, see 5.7.5 Configuring PPPoEoA Mapping on PVCs.

NOTE

A dialer interface requires no IP address.

Repeat this step to create PPPoEoA mapping on PVCs of multiple ATM interfaces.

Step 2 Configure a VT interface.

1. Run interface virtual-template vt-number

A specified VT interface is created, and its view is displayed.

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2. Configure an IP address for the VT interface.

– Configure the IPv4 address of the VT interface.

▪ Assign an IPv4 address to the VT interface.

Run ip address ip-address { mask | mask-length }
An IPv4 address is assigned to the VT interface.

▪ Configure the VT interface to obtain an IPv4 address from the peer

device.
Run ip address ppp-negotiate
The VT interface is configured to obtain an IPv4 address from the
peer device.
– Configure the IPv6 address of the VT interface.
Run ipv6 address { ipv6-address prefix-length | ipv6-address/prefix-
length }
An IPv6 address is assigned to the VT interface.
NOTE
Before assigning an IPv6 address to an interface, run the ipv6 command in the
system view to enable IPv6 packet forwarding and run the ipv6 enable
command on the interface to enable IPv6.
3. Run quit

Return to the system view.

Step 3 Bind a dialer interface to a VT to implement MPoEoA.

1. Run interface dialer number

The dialer interface view is displayed.

2. Run ppp mp virtual-template vt-number

The VT to which the dialer interface is bound is configured.

3. (Optional) Configure authentication as required. For configuration details, see
2.7 Configuring PPP Authentication.
4. Restart the dialer interface in either of the following ways:
– Run shutdown and undo shutdown
The dialer interface is restarted.
– Run restart
The dialer interface is restarted.
NOTE
To ensure that all physical interfaces are bound to the MP group by PPP re-
negotiation, restart all the dialer interfaces after configuration.

You can repeat this step to bind multiple dialer interfaces to the same VT by
specifying the same vt-number in the ppp mp virtual-template vt-number
command.

----End

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5.7.7 Configuring ATM Transparent Bridging

Context
ATM transparent bridging allows devices on two Ethernet networks to
communicate with each other through ATM links.

If devices on two Ethernet networks need to communicate with each other

through ATM links, the specified PVCs must be enabled to send and receive bridge
packets carrying Ethernet packets.
NOTE
On an ATM interface, only one PVC is allowed to send and receive bridge packets. If a PVC is
deleted, the configuration (sending and receiving bridge packets) of the PVC will also be
automatically deleted.

Procedure
Step 1 Run system-view

The system view is displayed.

Step 2 Run interface atm interface-number[.subinterface ]

The ATM interface or sub-interface view is displayed.

Step 3 Run pvc { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci }

A PVC is created and the PVC view is displayed.

NOTE

● The VCI values 3 and 4 are reserved and cannot be configured.

● The VPI and VCI values cannot be both 0s.
● The PVC occupied by PVC-Group cannot be configured.

Step 4 Run map bridge broadcast

The PVC is configured to send and receive bridge packets.

NOTE
The bridge must be enabled before map bridge broadcast command.

----End

5.7.8 Verifying the Configuration of ATM Links to Transmit

Different Protocol Packets

Prerequisites
The configurations of ATM links to transmit different protocol packets are
complete.

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Procedure
● Run the display atm pvc-info [ interface atm interface-number [ pvc { pvc-
name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci } ] ] command to check information about PVCs.
● Run the display atm pvc-info statistics [ interface interface-type interface-
number ] command to check statistics information about PVCs.
● Run the display atm map-info [ interface atm interface-number [ pvc { pvc-
name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci } ] ] command to check information about PVC
mapping.
● Run the display interface virtual-ethernet [ interface-number ] command to
check status and statistics of VE interfaces.
----End

5.8 Configuring the Service Type of PVC

This section describes how to configure the service type, OAM F5 loopback, and
VP policing for a PVC.

Pre-configuration Tasks
Before configuring the service types or OAM parameters of a PVC, complete the
following tasks:
● Configuring physical attributes for the ATM interface
● Configuring an IP address and mask for the ATM interface or sub-interface
● Creating a PVC and configuring application modes
Before configuring the parameters of VP policing of ATM interface, complete the
following tasks:
● Configuring the physical attributes for the ATM interface
● Configuring the IP address and mask of the sub-interface

5.8.1 Configuring the Service Type of a PVC

Procedure
Step 1 Run system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run interface atm interface-number[.subinterface ]
The ATM interface or the sub-interface view is displayed.
Step 3 Run pvc { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci }
A PVC is created and the PVC view is displayed.
Step 4 Choose one of the following steps to configure the service type of the PVC and
related rate parameters based on actual requirements.
By default, the service type is UBR after a PVC is created.

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● Run the service cbr output-pcr command to set the service type to Constant
Bit Rate (CBR).

● Run the service ubr [ output-pcr ] command to set the service type to
Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR).

● Run the service vbr-nrt output-pcr output-scr output-mbs command to set

the service type to Variable Bit Rate-Non Real Time (VBR-NRT).

● Run the service vbr-rt output-pcr output-scr output-mbs command to set the
service type to Variable Bit Rate-Real Time (VBR-RT).

Step 5 (Optional) Run atm-cell qos enable

ATM cell rate limiting is enabled on an interface card.

By default, ATM cell rate limiting is disabled on an interface card. The

configuration in step 4 enables ATM cell rate limiting on the main control card. To
enable ATM cell rate limiting on an interface card, perform this step.

----End

5.8.2 Configuring VP Policing

Procedure
Step 1 Run system-view

The system view is displayed.

Step 2 Run interface atm interface-number

The ATM interface is displayed.

Step 3 Run pvp limit vpi peak-rate

The parameters of VP policing are configured.

NOTE

If an ATM interface that has sub-interfaces is configured with VP policing, the VP policing is
valid for all the PVCs with the same VPI.

----End

5.8.3 Verifying the PVC Service Type Configuration

Prerequisites
The configurations of the service type of PVC and the OAM and VP parameters are
complete.

Procedure
● Run the display atm pvc-info [ interface atm interface-number [ pvc { pvc-
name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci } ] ] command to check information about the PVC.

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● Run the display atm pvc-info statistics [ interface interface-type interface-

number ] command to check statistics information about PVCs.
----End

5.9 Configuring ATM OAM

OAM can detect faults, locate faults, and evaluate network performance without
interrupting services. OAM provides network information by encapsulating OAM
cells in standard format into user cell flows.

Pre-configuration Tasks
NOTE

A maximum of eight OAM commands can be configured for PVCs on ATM interfaces of the
same card.

Before configuring ATM OAM, complete the following tasks:

● Configuring physical attributes for the ATM interface on the device
● Configuring an IP address and a mask for the ATM interface
● Configuring an ATM PVC

5.9.1 Configuring OAM F5 Loopback

Context
OAM F5 loopback cells detect connectivity on the ATM network.

Procedure
Step 1 Run system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run interface atm interface-number [.subinterface-number ]
The ATM interface or sub-interface view is displayed.
Step 3 Run pvc { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci }
The PVC view is displayed.
Step 4 Run oam loopback [ up up-count down down-count retry-frequency retry-
frequency ]
OAM F5 loopback cell transmission and retransmission detection are enabled.
By default, the device does not send OAM F5 loopback cells, but the device must
respond to the received OAM F5 loopback cells.
After OAM F5 loopback cell transmission and retransmission detection are
enabled, the PVC status changes only when a certain number of OAM F5 loopback
cells are received. For example, when the device receives consecutive OAM F5
loopback cells of a number specified by up-count, the PVC becomes Up. When the
device does not receive consecutive OAM F5 loopback cells of a number specified

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by down-count, the PVC becomes Down. retry-frequency specifies the interval at

which OAM F5 loopback cells are sent.

----End

5.9.2 Configuring OAM CC

Context
Connectivity check (CC) enables the device to periodically insert CC cells into cell
flows. If CC cells are transmitted successfully, connectivity is normal.

Procedure
Step 1 Run system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run interface atm interface-number [.subinterface-number ]
The ATM interface or sub-interface view is displayed.
Step 3 Run pvc { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci }
The PVC view is displayed.
Step 4 Run oam cc end-to-end { both | sink | source }
OAM CC is enabled.
By default, OAM CC is disabled.

NOTE
When you configure CC, if source or both is configured on one end, sink or both must be
configured on the other end.

----End

5.9.3 Configuring AIS/RDI Cell Detection

Context
An AIS cell is sent to notify the downstream device that the upstream device is
faulty. An RDI cell is sent to notify the upstream device that the downstream
device is unreachable.

Procedure
Step 1 Run system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run interface atm interface-number [.subinterface-number ]
The ATM interface or sub-interface view is displayed.
Step 3 Run pvc { pvc-name [ vpi/vci ] | vpi/vci }

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The PVC view is displayed.

Step 4 Run oam ais-rdi [ up up-count down down-count ]
AIS/RDI cell detection is disabled.
By default, AIS or RDI detection is enabled.
After AIS or RDI cell detection is enabled, if the device receives AIS/RDI cells of a
number specified by down-count, the PVC becomes Down. If the device does not
receive AIS/RDI cells in the consecutive interval specified by up-count, the PVC
becomes Up.

----End

5.9.4 Detecting Connectivity of an ATM Link

Context
The device can send OAM cells on a PVC of a specified ATM interface to
determine connectivity of the ATM link. If no ATM response message is received
within the timeout interval, packets are lost on the ATM link because the ATM link
is unreachable or busy.

Procedure
Step 1 Run system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run interface atm interface-number [.subinterface-number ]
The ATM interface or sub-interface view is displayed.
Step 3 Run oamping pvc { pvc-name | vpi/vci } [ number timeout ]
Connectivity of an ATM link on a specified ATM interface is detected.

----End

5.9.5 Verifying the ATM OAM Configuration

Procedure
Step 1 Run system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run interface atm interface-number [. subinterface-number ]
The ATM interface or sub-interface view is displayed.
Step 3 Run display this
The connectivity test result on the ATM link and relevant parameters are
displayed.

----End

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5.10 Clearing the ATM Interface Statistics

Context

NOTICE

The statistics data cannot be restored after you run the reset command to clear it.
Confirm the action before you use the command.

To reset the interface statistics of the Network Management System (NMS) or

that displayed by running the display interface command, run the following
commands in the user view.

NOTE

For more information about the display of interface statistics in the NMS, see related NMS
manuals.

Procedure
Step 1 Run the reset counters interface [ atm [ interface-number ] ] command to clear
the interface statistics displayed by running the display interface command.

Step 2 Run the reset counters if-mib interface [ atm [ interface-number ] ] command
to clear the interface statistics in the NMS.

Step 3 Run the reset atm interface [ atm interface-number ] command to clear the
ATM interface statistics.

----End

5.11 Configuration Examples for ATM

This section provides several examples for configuring ATM. These configuration
examples explain the networking requirements, configuration roadmap, data
preparation, configuration procedure.

5.11.1 Example for Configuring IPoA

Networking Requirements
In IPoA application, IP packets are transmitted on an ATM network. The ATM
network provides the data link layer to transmit data between IP hosts on the
same network. IP packets are encapsulated in ATM cells. As the bearer network of
IP services, the ATM network ensures network performance and provides QoS
guarantee for IP services.

As shown in Figure 5-22, users on an enterprise network connect to a Layer 2

Ethernet interface of RouterA, which functions as the gateway on the enterprise

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network. A DSLAM connects the ADSL interface of RouterA to the Internet. IPoA
application needs to be implemented.

Figure 5-22 Networking diagram of IPoA application

ATM1/0/0
Internet
Ethernet4/0/0 RouterA
DSLAM

Configuration Roadmap
The configuration roadmap is as follows:
1. Configure the LAN side so that users on the enterprise network can connect
to RouterA through the Layer 2 Ethernet interface.
2. Configure the WAN side so that RouterA can use the ADSL interface to
communicate with the DSLAM.

Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data:
● On the LAN side:
– VLAN ID allowed by the Ethernet interface: 200
– IP address of the VLANIF interface corresponding to the allowed VLAN ID:
10.0.0.1/24
● On the WAN side:
– IP address of the ADSL interface: 192.168.0.1/24
– PVC name: ipoa
– PVC number: 0/35
– IPoA mapping on the PVC (remote IP address 192.168.0.2/24)

Procedure
Step 1 Configure RouterA.
# Configure the LAN side.
<Huawei> system-view
[Huawei] sysname RouterA
[RouterA] interface ethernet 4/0/0

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[RouterA-Ethernet4/0/0] port link-type trunk

[RouterA-Ethernet4/0/0] port trunk allow-pass vlan 200
[RouterA-Ethernet4/0/0] undo port trunk allow-pass vlan 1
[RouterA-Ethernet4/0/0] quit
[RouterA] vlan 200
[RouterA-vlan200] quit
[RouterA] interface vlanif 200
[RouterA-Vlanif200] ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
[RouterA-Vlanif200] quit

# Create a PVC and configure IPoA mapping on the PVC.

[RouterA] interface atm 1/0/0
[RouterA-Atm1/0/0] ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
[RouterA-Atm1/0/0] pvc ipoa 0/35
[RouterA-atm-pvc-Atm1/0/0-0/35-ipoa] map ip 192.168.0.2
[RouterA-atm-pvc-Atm1/0/0-0/35-ipoa] quit
[RouterA-Atm1/0/0] quit

Step 2 Configure the DSLAM.

# See the DSLAM documentation.

Step 3 Verify the configuration.

# After the configuration is complete, RouterA can ping the remote IP address
192.168.0.2/24.
[RouterA] ping 192.168.0.2
PING 192.168.0.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 192.168.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 192.168.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 192.168.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 192.168.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 192.168.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms
--- 192.168.0.2 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms

----End

Configuration Files
● Configuration file of RouterA
#
sysname RouterA
#
interface Atm1/0/0
ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
pvc ipoa 0/35
map ip 192.168.0.2
#
interface Ethernet4/0/0
port link-type trunk
undo port trunk allow-pass vlan 1
port trunk allow-pass vlan 200
#
vlan batch 200
#
interface Vlanif200
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
return

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5.11.2 Example for Configuring IPoEoA

Networking Requirements
IP over Ethernet over ATM (IPoEoA) is a triple-layer protocol. In IPoEoA
application, IP packets are encapsulated in Ethernet frames, and Ethernet frames
are encapsulated in ATM cells.

As shown in Figure 5-23, users on an enterprise network connect to a Layer 2

Ethernet interface of RouterA, which functions as the gateway on the enterprise
network. A DSLAM connects the ADSL interface of RouterA to the Internet. Before
IP packets are sent out from the ADSL interface of RouterA, the packets are
encapsulated in Ethernet frames on a VE interface. The Ethernet frames are then
transmitted over an ATM network.

Figure 5-23 Networking diagram of IPoEoA application

ATM1/0/0
VE 0/0/2
Internet
Ethernet4/0/0 RouterA
DSLAM

Configuration Roadmap
The configuration roadmap is as follows:

1. Configure the LAN side so that users on the enterprise network can connect
to RouterA through the Layer 2 Ethernet interface.
2. Configure the WAN side so that RouterA can use the ADSL interface to
communicate with the DSLAM.

Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data:

● On the LAN side:

– VLAN ID allowed by the Ethernet interface: 200
– IP address of the VLANIF interface corresponding to the allowed VLAN ID:
10.0.0.1/24
● On the WAN side:

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– IP address of the VE interface: 1.1.0.1/24

– PVC name: ipoeoa
– PVC number: 25/45
– IPoEoA mapping on the PVC

Procedure
Step 1 Configure RouterA.
# Configure the LAN side.
<Huawei> system-view
[Huawei] sysname RouterA
[RouterA] interface ethernet 4/0/0
[RouterA-Ethernet4/0/0] port link-type trunk
[RouterA-Ethernet4/0/0] port trunk allow-pass vlan 200
[RouterA-Ethernet4/0/0] undo port trunk allow-pass vlan 1
[RouterA-Ethernet4/0/0] quit
[RouterA] vlan 200
[RouterA-vlan200] quit
[RouterA] interface vlanif 200
[RouterA-Vlanif200] ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
[RouterA-Vlanif200] quit

# Configure the WAN side.

[RouterA] interface virtual-ethernet 0/0/2
[RouterA-Virtual-Ethernet0/0/2] ip address 1.1.0.1 255.255.255.0
[RouterA-Virtual-Ethernet0/0/2] quit
[RouterA] interface atm 1/0/0
[RouterA-Atm1/0/0] pvc ipoeoa 25/45
[RouterA-atm-pvc-Atm1/0/0-25/45-ipoeoa] map bridge virtual-ethernet 0/0/2
[RouterA-atm-pvc-Atm1/0/0-25/45-ipoeoa] quit
[RouterA-Atm1/0/0] quit

Step 2 Configure the DSLAM.

# See the DSLAM documentation.
Step 3 Verify the configuration.
# After the configuration is complete, RouterA can ping the upstream device.
Assume that the IP address of the upstream device connected to the DSLAM is
1.1.0.2.
[RouterA] ping 1.1.0.2
PING 1.1.0.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 1.1.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 1.1.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 1.1.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 1.1.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 1.1.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms
--- 1.1.0.2 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms

----End

Configuration Files
● Configuration file of RouterA
#
sysname RouterA

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#
interface Virtual-Ethernet0/0/2
ip address 1.1.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface Atm1/0/0
pvc ipoeoa 25/45
map bridge Virtual-Ethernet 0/0/2
#
interface Ethernet4/0/0
port link-type trunk
undo port trunk allow-pass vlan 1
port trunk allow-pass vlan 200
#
vlan batch 200
#
interface Vlanif200
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
return

5.11.3 Example for Configuring Permanent Online PPPoA

Networking Requirements
In PPPoA application, PPP packets are encapsulated in ATM cells, and IP packets
and other protocol packets are encapsulated in PPP packets. PPPoA packet
transmission is controlled by the PPP protocol, which is flexible and supports a
variety of applications.
As shown in Figure 5-24, users on an enterprise network connect to a Layer 3
Ethernet interface of RouterA, which functions as the gateway on the enterprise
network. A DSLAM connects the ADSL interface of RouterA to the Internet. IP
packets sent from the enterprise network are encapsulated in PPP packets and
forwarded by the ADSL interface to the Internet.

Figure 5-24 Networking diagram of PPPoA application

ATM1/0/0
VT 10
Internet
Ethernet2/0/0 RouterA PPPoA
DSLAM
Server

Configuration Roadmap
The configuration roadmap is as follows:
1. Configure the LAN side so that users on the enterprise network can connect
to RouterA through the Layer 3 Ethernet interface.

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2. Configure the WAN side so that IP packets sent from the enterprise network
are encapsulated in PPP packets and RouterA can use the ADSL interface to
communicate with the DSLAM.

Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data:

● On the LAN side:

– IP address of the Layer 3 Ethernet interface: 10.0.0.1/24
● On the WAN side:
– PPPoA client: RouterA
– Virtual template (VT) interface ID: 10
– IP address of the VT interface: negotiated
– Authentication mode: PAP authentication (user name pppoa; password
huawei@123)
– PVC name: pppoa
– PVC number: 35/53
– PPPoA mapping on the PVC

Procedure
Step 1 Configure RouterA.

# Configure the LAN side.

<Huawei> system-view
[Huawei] sysname RouterA
[RouterA] interface ethernet 2/0/0
[RouterA-Ethernet2/0/0] ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
[RouterA-Ethernet2/0/0] quit

# Configure the WAN side.

[RouterA] interface virtual-template 10
[RouterA-Virtual-Template10] ppp chap user pppoa
[RouterA-Virtual-Template10] ppp chap password cipher huawei@123
[RouterA-Virtual-Template10] ip address ppp-negotiate
[RouterA-Virtual-Template10] quit
[RouterA] interface atm 1/0/0
[RouterA-Atm1/0/0] pvc pppoa 35/53
[RouterA-atm-pvc-Atm1/0/0-35/53-pppoa] map ppp virtual-template 10
[RouterA-atm-pvc-Atm1/0/0-35/53-pppoa] quit
[RouterA-Atm1/0/0] quit

Step 2 Configure the DSLAM.

# See the DSLAM documentation.

Step 3 Configure the PPPoA server.

# Assign IP address 1.1.0.2 to the PPPoA server and configure the PPPoA server to
assign IP address 1.1.0.1 to the PPPoA client (RouterA). Set the authentication
mode to PAP authentication, and set the user name and password to be the same
as those configured on RouterA.

Step 4 Verify the configuration.

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# Run the display interface virtual-template command to check whether the VT

interface on RouterA has been assigned the correct IP address.
[RouterA] display interface virtual-template 10

# The following information indicates that the VT interface has been assigned the
correct IP address.
Internet Address is negotiated, 1.1.0.1/32

# Run the display virtual-access command to view the PPP negotiation status of
the virtual access interface created using the VT.
[RouterA] display virtual-access

# The following information indicates that PPP negotiation is successful on the

virtual access interface.
LCP opened, IPCP opened
# RouterA can ping the PPPoA server.
[RouterA] ping 1.1.0.2
PING 1.1.0.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 1.1.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 1.1.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 1.1.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 1.1.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 1.1.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms
--- 1.1.0.2 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms

----End

Configuration Files
● Configuration file of RouterA
#
sysname RouterA
#
interface Virtual-Template10
ppp chap user pppoa
ppp chap password cipher %^%#dX<{WvY1rRC4A]JD7!}$-)k>8<1}S951Ue+g:!_P%^%#
ip address ppp-negotiate
#
interface Atm1/0/0
pvc pppoa 35/53
map ppp Virtual-Template10
#
interface Ethernet2/0/0
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
return

5.11.4 Example for Configuring PPPoA in On-demand Dialing

Mode
Networking Requirements
As shown in Figure 5-25, all users on an enterprise network use the IP address of
an Ethernet interface on RouterA as the gateway address. RouterA uses an ADSL
interface to connect to a DSLAM and functions as a PPPoA client to communicate
with the PPPoA server. The PPPoA server performs CHAP authentication. After the
link between the PPPoA client and PPPoA server becomes idle for a period of time,

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the PPPoA client is automatically disconnected and then connected again when
traffic needs to be transmitted.

Figure 5-25 Networking diagram of PPPoA application

ATM1/0/0
Internet
RouterA PPPoA
DSLAM
Server

Configuration Roadmap
The configuration roadmap is as follows:
● Configure a dialer interface.
● Configure an ATM interface.
● Configure a static route from the local end to the PPPoA server.

Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data:
● Dialer interface: dial rule number 10 (allowing all IP packets to pass through),
dialer interface number 1, dial user name u1, dialer access group number 10,
dialer interface IP address to be allocated by the server, CHAP user name
usera, CHAP password huawei@123 in plain text, maximum link idle time 90
seconds, and interface buffer queue length 8
● ATM interface: ATM interface number, PVC name pppoa, PVC number 2/40,
and on-demand PPPoA mapping on the PVC
● Static route: destination address 1.1.0.2, 24-bit mask length, and outbound
interface Dialer 1

Procedure
Step 1 Configure RouterA.
# Configure a dialer interface.
<Huawei> system-view
[Huawei] sysname RouterA
[RouterA] dialer-rule
[RouterA-dialer-rule] dialer-rule 10 ip permit
[RouterA-dialer-rule] quit
[RouterA] interface dialer 1

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[RouterA-Dialer1] dialer user u1

[RouterA-Dialer1] dialer-group 10
[RouterA-Dialer1] dialer bundle 12
[RouterA-Dialer1] ip address ppp-negotiate
[RouterA-Dialer1] link-protocol ppp
[RouterA-Dialer1] ppp chap user usera
[RouterA-Dialer1] ppp chap password cipher huawei@123

[RouterA-Dialer1] dialer timer idle 90

INFO: The configuration will become effective after link reset.
[RouterA-Dialer1] dialer queue-length 8
[RouterA-Dialer1] quit

# Configure an ATM interface.

[RouterA] interface atm 1/0/0
[RouterA-Atm1/0/0] pvc pppoa 2/40
[RouterA-atm-pvc-Atm1/0/0-2/40-pppoa] map ppp dialer 1
[RouterA-atm-pvc-Atm1/0/0-2/40-pppoa] quit
[RouterA-Atm1/0/0] quit

# Configure a static route from the local end to the PPPoA server.
[RouterA] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 dialer 1

Step 2 Configure the DSLAM.

# See the DSLAM documentation.
Step 3 Configure the PPPoA server.
# Assign IP address 1.1.0.2 to the PPPoA server and configure the PPPoA server to
assign IP address 1.1.0.1 to the PPPoA client (RouterA). Set the authentication
mode to CHAP authentication, and set the user name and password to be the
same as those configured on RouterA.
Step 4 Verify the configuration.
# Run the display interface dialer command to check whether the dialer
interface on RouterA has been assigned a correct IP address.
[RouterA] display interface dialer 1

# The following information indicates that the dialer interface has been assigned a
correct IP address.
Internet Address is negotiated, 1.1.0.1/32

# RouterA can ping the PPPoEoA server.

[RouterA] ping 1.1.0.2
PING 1.1.0.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 1.1.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 1.1.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 1.1.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 1.1.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 1.1.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms
--- 1.1.0.2 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms

----End

Configuration Files
● Configuration file of RouterA
#
sysname RouterA
#

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dialer-rule
dialer-rule 10 ip permit
#
interface Dialer1
link-protocol ppp
ppp chap user usera
ppp chap password cipher %^%#dX<{WvY1rRC4A]JD7!}$-)k>8<1}S951Ue+g:!_P%^%#
ip address ppp-negotiate
dialer user u1
dialer bundle 12
dialer timer idle 90
dialer queue-length 8
dialer-group 10
#
interface Atm1/0/0
pvc pppoa 2/40
map ppp Dialer1
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dialer1
#
return

5.11.5 Example for Configuring a PPPoEoA Client

Networking Requirements
As shown in Figure 5-26, all users on an enterprise network use the IP address of
an Ethernet interface on RouterA as the gateway address. RouterA uses an ADSL
interface to connect to a DSLAM and functions as a PPPoEoA client to
communicate with the PPPoEoA server. The PPPoEoA server performs CHAP
authentication.

Figure 5-26 Networking diagram of PPPoEoA application

ATM1/0/0
Internet
RouterA PPPoEoA
DSLAM
Server

Configuration Roadmap
The configuration roadmap is as follows:
● Configure a dialer interface.
● Configure a VE interface.
● Configure an ATM interface and configure PPPoEoA mapping on the ATM
interface.

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● Configure a static route from the local end to the PPPoEoA server.

Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data:

● Dialer interface: interface number, IP address, dialer ACL number, and dialer
group number
● VE interface: interface number and dialer bundle number
● ATM interface: PVC name, PVC number, and PPPoEoA mapping on the PVC
● Static route: destination address, mask, and outbound interface

Procedure
Step 1 Configure RouterA.

# Configure a dialer interface.

<Huawei> system-view
[Huawei] sysname RouterA
[RouterA] dialer-rule
[RouterA-dialer-rule] dialer-rule 10 ip permit
[RouterA-dialer-rule] quit
[RouterA] interface dialer 1
[RouterA-Dialer1] dialer user u1
[RouterA-Dialer1] dialer-group 10
[RouterA-Dialer1] dialer bundle 12
[RouterA-Dialer1] ip address ppp-negotiate
[RouterA-Dialer1] link-protocol ppp
[RouterA-Dialer1] ppp chap user usera
[RouterA-Dialer1] ppp chap password cipher huawei@123
[RouterA-Dialer1] quit

# Configure a VE interface.
[RouterA] interface virtual-ethernet 0/0/0
[RouterA-Virtual-Ethernet0/0/0] pppoe-client dial-bundle-number 12
[RouterA-Virtual-Ethernet0/0/0] quit

# Configure an ATM interface.

[RouterA] interface atm 1/0/0
[RouterA-Atm1/0/0] pvc pppoeoa 2/45
[RouterA-atm-pvc-Atm1/0/0-2/45-pppoeoa] map bridge virtual-ethernet 0/0/0
[RouterA-atm-pvc-Atm1/0/0-2/45-pppoeoa] quit
[RouterA-Atm1/0/0] quit

# Configure a static route.

[RouterA] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 dialer 1

Step 2 Configure the DSLAM.

# See the DSLAM documentation.

Step 3 Configure the PPPoEoA server.

# Assign IP address 10.0.0.2 to the PPPoEoA server and configure the PPPoEoA
server to assign IP address 10.0.0.1 to the PPPoEoA client (RouterA). Set the
authentication mode to CHAP authentication, and set the user name and
password to be the same as those configured on the RouterA.

Step 4 Verify the configuration.

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# Run the display interface dialer command to check whether the dialer
interface on RouterA has been assigned the correct IP address.
[RouterA] display interface dialer 1

# The following information indicates that the dialer interface has been assigned
the correct IP address.
Internet Address is negotiated, 10.0.0.1/32

# Run the display virtual-access command to view the PPP negotiation status of
the virtual access interface created using the dialer interface.
[RouterA] display virtual-access

# The following information indicates that PPP negotiation is successful on the

virtual access interface.
LCP opened, IPCP opened

#RouterA can ping the PPPoEoA server.

[RouterA] ping 10.0.0.2
PING 10.0.0.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms
--- 10.0.0.2 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms

----End

Configuration Files
● Configuration file of RouterA
#
sysname RouterA
#
dialer-rule
dialer-rule 10 ip permit
#
interface Dialer1
link-protocol ppp
ppp chap user usera
ppp chap password cipher %@%@|[~(wMqA(@*[r$246i%@%@
dialer user u1
dialer-group 10
dialer bundle 12
ip address ppp-negotiate
#
interface Virtual-Ethernet0/0/0
pppoe-client dial-bundle-number 12
#
interface Atm1/0/0
pvc pppoeoa 2/45
map bridge Virtual-Ethernet0/0/0
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dialer1
#
return

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5.11.6 Example for Configuring PPPoEoA

Networking Requirements
As shown in Figure 5-27, All PCs of the enterprise network connect to RouterA.
RouterA connects to the DSLAM through the ADSL interface and connects to
RouterB (PPPoE server) through the DSLAM.
It is required that enterprise users access RouterB through RouterA and connect to
the Internet using dialing. The requirements are as follows:
● Users in VLAN 30 can access the Internet using dialing.
● The server authenticates clients using an authentication mode with high
security.

Figure 5-27 Networking diagram for PPPoEoA configuration

PPPoEoA
Server
ATM1/0/0 GE1/0/0
Internet
RouterA DSLAM RouterB

VLAN 20 VLAN 30

Configuration Roadmap
The configuration roadmap is as follows:
● Configure the device to add VLAN IDs to PPPoE packets so that users in VLAN
30 can access the Internet using dialing.
● Configure CHAP authentication on RouterB to authenticate clients.

Procedure
Step 1 Configure RouterA.
# Configure a dialer interface.
<Huawei> system-view
[Huawei] sysname RouterA
[RouterA] dialer-rule
[RouterA-dialer-rule] dialer-rule 10 ip permit
[RouterA-dialer-rule] quit

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[RouterA] interface dialer 1

[RouterA-Dialer1] dialer user u1
[RouterA-Dialer1] dialer-group 10
[RouterA-Dialer1] dialer bundle 12
[RouterA-Dialer1] ip address ppp-negotiate
[RouterA-Dialer1] link-protocol ppp
[RouterA-Dialer1] ppp chap user user1@system
[RouterA-Dialer1] ppp chap password cipher huawei2012
[RouterA-Dialer1] quit

# Configure a VE sub-interface.
[RouterA] interface virtual-ethernet 0/0/0
[RouterA-Virtual-Ethernet0/0/0] quit
[RouterA] interface virtual-ethernet 0/0/0.1
[RouterA-Virtual-Ethernet0/0/0.1] pppoe-client dial-bundle-number 12
[RouterA-Virtual-Ethernet0/0/0.1] dot1q termination vid 30
[RouterA-Virtual-Ethernet0/0/0.1] quit

# Configure an ATM interface.

[RouterA] interface atm 1/0/0
[RouterA-Atm1/0/0] pvc pppoeoa 2/45
[RouterA-atm-pvc-Atm1/0/0-2/45-pppoeoa] map bridge virtual-ethernet 0/0/0
[RouterA-atm-pvc-Atm1/0/0-2/45-pppoeoa] quit
[RouterA-Atm1/0/0] quit

# Configure a static route.

[RouterA] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 dialer 1

Step 2 Configure the DSLAM.

# See the DSLAM documentation.
Step 3 Configure the PPPoE server.
# Configure the global IP address pool pool1.
<Huawei> system-view
[Huawei] sysname RouterB
[RouterB] ip pool pool1
[RouterB-ip-pool-pool1] network 192.168.10.10 mask 255.255.255.0
[RouterB-ip-pool-pool1] gateway-list 192.168.10.1
[RouterB-ip-pool-pool1] quit

# Configure a PPPoE local user.

[RouterB] aaa
[RouterB-aaa] authentication-scheme system_a
[RouterB-aaa-authen-system_a] authentication-mode local
[RouterB-aaa-authen-system_a] quit
[RouterB-aaa] domain system
[RouterB-aaa-domain-system] authentication-scheme system_a
[RouterB-aaa-domain-system] quit
[RouterB-aaa] local-user user1@system password
Please configure the login password (8-128)
It is recommended that the password consist of at least 2 types of characters, i
ncluding lowercase letters, uppercase letters, numerals and special characters.
Please enter password:
Please confirm password:
Info: Add a new user.
Warning: The new user supports all access modes. The management user access mode
s such as Telnet, SSH, FTP, HTTP, and Terminal have security risks. You are advi
sed to configure the required access modes only.
[RouterB-aaa] local-user user1@system service-type ppp
[RouterB-aaa] quit

# Create and configure a virtual template interface.

[RouterB] interface virtual-template 1
[RouterB-Virtual-Template1] ppp authentication-mode chap domain system

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[RouterB-Virtual-Template1] ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

[RouterB-Virtual-Template1] remote address pool pool1
[RouterB-Virtual-Template1] quit

# Enable PPPoE on GE1/0/0.1.

# Configure RouterB to add outer VLAN 60 to packets passing through the

DSLAM.
[RouterB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/0.1
[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0.1] pppoe-server bind virtual-template 1
[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0.1] qinq termination pe-vid 60 ce-vid 30
[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0.1] quit

# Configure RouterB to remove original tags from packets passing through the
DSLAM and add outer VLAN 60 to the packets.
[RouterB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/0.1
[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0.1] pppoe-server bind virtual-template 1
[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0.1] dot1q termination vid 60
[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0.1] quit

# Configure RouterB to remove original tags from packets passing through the
DSLAM.
[RouterB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/0
[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] pppoe-server bind virtual-template 1
[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit

Step 4 Verify the configuration.

# Run the display interface dialer command to check whether the dialer
interface on RouterA has been assigned a correct IP address.
[RouterA] display interface dialer 1

# The following information indicates that the dialer interface has been assigned a
correct IP address.
Internet Address is negotiated, 192.168.10.254/32

# Run the display virtual-access command to view the PPP negotiation status of
the virtual access interface created on the dialer interface.
[RouterA] display virtual-access

# The following information indicates that PPP negotiation is successful on the

virtual access interface.
LCP opened, IPCP opened

# RouterA can ping RouterB (PPPoA server).

[RouterA] ping 192.168.10.1
PING 192.168.10.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms
--- 192.168.10.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms

----End

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Configuration Files
● Configuration file of RouterA
#
sysname RouterA
#
dialer-rule
dialer-rule 10 ip permit
#
interface Dialer1
link-protocol ppp
ppp chap user user1@system
ppp chap password cipher %#%#9T`|L}K(4#J3k=+I8SiJrsM:RO[iy@Uuc:LTQJ,1%#%#
dialer user u1
dialer-group 10
dialer bundle 12
ip address ppp-negotiate
#
interface Virtual-Ethernet0/0/0.1
pppoe-client dial-bundle-number 12
dot1q termination vid 30
#
interface Atm1/0/0
pvc pppoeoa 2/45
map bridge Virtual-Ethernet0/0/0
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dialer1
#
return

● Configuration file of RouterB

NOTE

The following is the configuration file of RouterB that adds outer Tag 60 to packets passing
through the DSLAM.
#
sysname RouterB
#
ip pool pool1
gateway-list 192.168.10.1
network 192.168.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
#
aaa
authentication-scheme system_a
domain system
authentication-scheme system_a
local-user user1@system password cipher %#%#hH{3Ec<[%8A>Yq=g@T:=p)jt+~LXt%g/kr<>r(~.%#
%#
local-user user1@system privilege level 0
local-user user1@system service-type ppp
#
interface Virtual-Template1
ppp authentication-mode chap domain system
remote address pool pool1
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0.1
pppoe-server bind Virtual-Template 1
qinq termination pe-vid 60 ce-vid 30
#
return

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5.12 ATM FAQ

5.12.1 Which Services Does ATM Support?
The Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) supports the following four services that
are based on permanent virtual circuits (PVC): constant bit rate (CBR), unspecified
bit rate (UBR), real-time variable bit rate (VBR-RT), and non-real-time variable bit
rate (VBR-NRT).

5.12.2 Do AR Series Routers Support ATM OAM?

AR series routers support the following operation, administration, and
maintenance (OAM) functions: OAMPing, OAM Loopback, OAM CC, alarm
indication signal (AIS), and remote defect indication (RDI).
In earlier versions of V200R002C02, the G.SHDSL boards support all the ATM OAM
functions. The ADSL and VDSL boards support only the OAMPing function.
In V200R002C02 or later versions, the ADSL, VDSL and G.SHDSL boards support all
the ATM OAM functions.

5.12.3 Which Encapsulation Protocols Do AR Series Routers

Support?
AR series routers support AAL5 logical link control (LLC)/sub-network attachment
point (SNAP), and Virtual Circuit Multiplexing (VC-MUX).

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