Qureshi's Rahber Best Notes on a Selection of English Proso (B.

Sc)
49
famoUSItalian scientist (1564 - 1642), astronomer and physicist;
(1767 - 1834) English economist. Ilis theory of production is known as
Malthusian Theory and it states: "Population increaseq in geometrical
proportion whercas food-production incrcascs in arithmetical proportion,"
Geometrical means I-2-4-8-16 and arithmetical means I -2-3-4-5
poctrine: theory ( Errancous: having mistakes; Conclusion: reguJt;
Darwin: (1809 - 1882) famous scientist and natural historian; Conscquenccs:
bad results; Impair: harm.
Page 42. Obiection: negative points Determination: resoluticr
(r Y): Phenomenon: happening: Artificial: unnatural: Pcrvadc: be pre 'cr t
Bristle: be full of; Allusions: pointing towards ( Ions figu
different topics of pure sciences; Acquired: got; Sy.ggpigg: advancing at a
high speed; Subdued: made subordinate (tl%3C); Frankly: openly (c—ye);
Preconception:ideas already had by one; Bias: prejudice Attitude:
behaviour Self-absorption: being totally busy or lost (in some thing);
Conceive: think; Sentencing: perception, awareness Deteriorating:
becoming worse; Cosmic: universal; Justified: correct, true; Ethically:
morally; Neutral: objective, impersonal (
Page 43. Derived: got, achieved; Source: means (4B); Admiration: praise;
Inestimable:very much; Utility: benefit; Devoted: faithful., loyal, passed in
the service of; Passionate planet: the earth where passionate, and sentimen al
beings (i.e. men) live.
5 - Questions and Answers
Q. No. 1: What defect is inherent in a purely classical education?
(Punjab 2011, 2012)
Ans: "Classics" are those things in literature that have proved their value and
worth through ages and mostly Greek and Latin writings have been given the
title of "classics". So in a way, all the "classics" belong to the past and
classical education is an education of these part worthy text.
A very important defect, according to Bertrand Russell, is inherent
in a purely classical education. This is its relation with
and appreciationof the past. Classical education has nothing to do with the
present or future. It is a method of judging even the present or the past by the
models and standards of the past. Classical education and trend (cJ13•u) 0
 of Prose (USC)
Selection
Best Notes on a
QureshitsRahber it is dead. So it cut%roan
incvit until
unable to recognize
mind is totally and followers
a of
life as life through" everyday surrounding to fac
to "picrcc
educationarc unable thinp,qor to hope of still
the contctnpotavy
essentialsplendorof
futuvcworld.
bcttevsplendo of the 2011)
docs Russell define education? (Punjab
Q.No.2:
to Bertrand Russell thcrc are three senses in
.Nns:According other is a tn
is taken to mean something. One is a broad sense,
education
still other is what he feels / means education to be.
sense and
includes not only what we learn through
In the broader sense, education
through personal experience. So it comes
instruction but all that we also learn
through the education of life.
to mean the fomation (egg ) of character
only to the
In the narrower sense, education is confined
So it comes to mean
instruction related with one or more particular subjects.
the instructionof one or more subjects (as these are taught is schools and
colleges).
But, accordingto Russell, education is defined as "the formation,
meansof instruction,of certain mental habits and a certain outlook on life
and the world." In this way, education becomes an essential part and parcel of
the development of human personality and character.
Q. No.3: What do you understand by the "moral end" of education?
(Punjab 2012)
Ans: Man has so many desires and impulses.These are of diverse (.3)
nature in the civilized and tbjfr savage (= uncivilized) people, the "moral end"
of educationmeans destroying the credulity (ere") of these desires and
impulses.It is through education that man comes to establish his relations
with other men and leaves his "isolated" position. Education makes him, so to
say, "a citizgnof the universe" through a sweet softening of the insistence
of desire and enlargement of human view in genetal. Thus man is
transforrnedfrom an individual into a social being through education. This is
the "moral end" of education,
Q. No. 4: What two merits belong to science as
against literature and
art? (Gujrat 2012)
Ans: According to Bertrand Russell, two
merits belong to science as against
 Best Notes on a Selection of np.lish (11sc)
Qureshi'sRahber 91
the outset, these secj)i (o be conflicting ('19) but, in
literatureand arte ()n
all. Science gives a definite general hopefiljncqqto us as to
fact, are not so at
of lunnan achievejncnt, and it jijokeqthe work of any
the future
student worthy. One does not ily require a great genius to
science
thing. Science always goes Ojiand all thc gcicntistg
discoveror invent a new
of Galileo (or New(on). Actually what happcng
are not of the caliber
lee"') stand upon the shoulders of their
in science is that the successors (j?
predecessors ('JUG), so they can see farther away than the predecessors
althoughthey may not be genius at all. In literature and art, that is not the
case and each literary giant must be really a genius.
The second merit that belongs to science against literature and arts is its
total objec!ivity. Iluman desires, impulses, passions and emotions arc not at
all important for science. Scientific truths have nothing to do anything with
the personal ideas or views of the scientist but in literature as well as in arts
personality cannot be totally or, sometimes, in the least!) separated from the
final product. As a result of this, literature and art most of the times look to
the past whereas science always looks to the future.
It is because of these two solid merits that science has been able to
progress in a dynamic (J/v/Å.c—J/) and tremendous manner.
Q. No. 5: What, according to Bertrand Russell, is the intellectual aim of
education?
Ans: The intellectualaim of education, accordingto Bertrand Russell, is to
make us see and "imagine" the world in all nonpersonal and objective
manner. We are to discard our personal desires and aspirations and to
see the world impersonally, in total personal detachment of any
impulsive, sentimental or emotional manner. Education aims at the
propagation (t LB) of a sort of "disinterested curiosity" among people.
 scale murder y, Common history: how strange that we call
cold as
"common" although it has such a dangerous history.
5 - Questions and Answers
Q. No. 1: What other experiences of ordinary life do you think may lend
themselves to the manner of writing used in this essay?
Ans: Osbert Sitwell has used a very lightly humorous and elegantly satiric
style in his essay : "On a Common Cold". In this essay he has talked in a light
vein (etIÄ14L) about common cold which is a frequent experience of the
ordinary life of all of us. We feel that this light vein can be used in talking
about many things related with a common man's ordinary life.
Headache is one such thing which can, very fiuitfully, be talked about in
the manner under discussion. Being admitted to a hospital for a "light"
operation can also be treated in the like manner. On the whole, there are many
such persons who can talk about even the most horrible things in the same
light manner. There was once a fellow named Mr. Cheerful. When his money
was stolen, he laughed loudly and said, "O. K. That has made me more
carefree. I will not have anything at all now to worry about and care for!" It is
reported that once he had an accident. As a result of that .accident, one of his
legs was When he came to his senses after his
operation, he saw his friends who surrounded his bed. They were sorry for
him, "Why are you sorry for me, dear Friends? I will have now to buy only
one shoe instead of two! Thus I will have to spend less on shoes in future.
Isn tt it nice?"
about many
Anyhow, we may talk in the manner of the given essay
joints, acidity,
other topics, e.g., common cough, common fever, pain in
anything discussed
blood pressure (high as well as low) and the like. Actually
 elegantly satiric style will be as much r
in such a lightly humorous and eadable
reference.
and enjoyable as the essay under
Q.Noe2: Show how a measure of exaggeration contributes to the
pleasures given by this essay.
Ans: Exaggeration (JIJ%J?) makes any piccc of writing enJoyab1ein
reading.ne essay "On a Common Cold" by Osbert Sitwcll gives us a great
pleasurewhile we go through it and thc tool (for , giving us that pleasure)
used by the wnter is nothing else than exaggeration. Exaggeration is
satiric and in this essay the writer has used an elegant way of satirizingthe
most common illness, i.e., cold, which is so common that most of the timesit
is known as a "common cold"!
The very first image of the cold-striken person is exaggerated. "Sneezes
coughing and red-noses" are alright, but one enjoys "pain -in the teeth and in
the roots of the hair" very much. The image is made still better throughthe
words : "Pathos, together with a slightly hysterical humour, suddenly invade
every accustomed act of our everyday existences" "Cloves", "lemon infusing
the streaming glass" and f"hot-water bottles" enhance the sharpness of the
Image still more!
Then, according to the writer, lonely persons become congenial and
congenial persons become lonely! Newly congenial one goes very fondly to
the lectures, music-concerts and theaters, in order to infect others by sneezing
well! The idea of.a few persons in every communityserving as store-house
for germs of cold is really very much exaggeration.We find an exaggerated
list of persons spreading cold very eagerly, and, to our surprise, doctors and
chemists are both found therein. Even churches working as refrigerators for
keeping germs fresh till next Sunday is superbly exaggerating. Similar is the
case with the chemistsshops was well as the doctods bag! A tender,soft,
sublime but interestingly exaggerated image is that of the lady novelists
reading at P.E.N. Club in a changed pronunciation due to cold.
Last, but not the least, is the idea presented by the writer that,as England
is the natiye land of the bacilli of cold, so cold has always favoured the
English nation in the battles. And when we read that the Battle Of
Waterloo-was not won by the Duke of Wellington or Blucher but by cold, we
 enjoy the manner and level
cannotbut to which the
writer has
exaggeration. takenhis
It is through the above pointed exaggerations
that wc
the essay and each one of these leave while
going through a sweet
sweet-rain leaves a colourful rainbow curve ofsmile
on
our face as a in the sky.
can you find the author indulging
Q. No.3: Where in playful irony?
has at many places indulged in
Ans: The author playful irony. The
list of the
people that spread bacilli Of cold is one such place. We find the
doctors, the
chemistsand even the clergymen spreading cold ironically
enough.The
gems are very eager to infect people in the doctor's bag as well as
in the
chemist's shop and priest's church. The church goes one step
forwardby
serving as a, refrigerator by keeping the germs fresh for one week, till the
next Sunday (The bitter irony implied here is that the church remainsclosed
and / or deserted for the other six days of the week and is only visitedby
people on Sundays!)
The reversal UI) of temperaments among the sufferers from cold also
suppliesgood ironical situation. The congenial people become solitary and
forelome! But those who do not have a congenial temper start meeting people
such as even far-fetched acquaintances. It is a sweet irony!
Anotherpiece of irony is found near the end of the essay where we are told
that the bacilli of cold are friendly with the Englishmen because Englandis
theirnative place because of its soil and climate. And the germs "defeat"the
worst enemy of the English at Waterloo! It is really a great use of irony. Irony
is a very soft and delicate tool like the operating doctor's apparatus (e UI) and
it has to be used with utmost care and attention. And the writer has used this
tool in the most careful and desired manner, creating a pleasant and healthy
effecton his readers.

Q•NO.4: Is the appeal of this essay dependent on its subject-matter or

on the manner of writing?
Ans.' Some essays are appealing through their subject-matter while certain
others are appealing through their manner of writing. The essay "On a
Common Cold" by Osbert Sitwell depends on its style for making itself
appealing to the readers.
The subject matter of the essay is as common, dull and boring as
 cold but the manncr of writing has made the essay a fine readable
common
taken hclp from two both of which
and enjoyable essay. The writer has
of a master-craftsman irony
have been used by thc writer in thc way
swcct charm,
and exaggeration. As a result the cssay has got a
a
The list of the people and places spreading thc cold, church
refrigerator for keeping the germs fresh till next Sunday, the bag of the doctor
as the distributing point of the bacilli all cxcitc a soft smile on the lips of the
readers through the underlying irony and out-and-out exaggeration.
Similar is the case with the temperament of the people changing to the
opposite.
The friendship with and favour of the cold bacilli for the English nation
(as their own birth place is England!) is also enjoyable and gives the essay a
sweet end. No less is the joke about Kaiser who boasted that even the cold
that is common cannot be little but "great" because "he" was suffering from
that!
So we see that the manner of writing, and not the subject matter,
provides the real appeal of the essay under discussion.
Q. No.5: Make a list of the people who normally spread cold in the
society. (On a Common Cold by Osbert Sitwell).
Ans: Osbert Sitwell has given a list of six such persons who are normally
responsiblefor spreading cold in the society. Hairdressers are at the top of the
list.. Their work affords (ctfW) them with golden chances of spreading
the disease. Then come the waiters. The same is the case with them.
Clergymencome next with their churches serving like refrigerators to Keep
the bacilli fresh till next Sunday when people will again come there. Lady
novelists at P. E. N. Club also spread the cold through their "changed"
consonantsand sneezing.Chemists
come next whose shops are but .very fine
prison-housesfor the poor germs
and new entrant (LJj' y f') at once gets
fresh germs intohis body.
Same is the case with the doctors whose bags are
stores and prisonsof
germs of cold. Assoon as they
become free to attack open their bags, germs
their prey( 40).
 day
gafjc,ryjy

rage 52, a
(C vtÅJ),

fictitiou€ place

put,
machine gun fire; it notable that very of
thin;ø;
happy, goodb y c ;
"'thinking" rncajl%$'bcirj%ill" in of
crude, fact lady!
page 53, r hatf%
snow - fall ; in a
fast disappcarir;g; Squad: troup or
Disdainful: full Of contcrnpt (for Jrrnu1Æ)le;,
cannot bc cagily explained.
5 - Questions and Answers
Q. Noel: Mow would you describe Walter Mitty*t dominant e:baraetzr
trait? (Gujrat 2010)
Ans•.Walter Mitty's dominant charactr trait is day-dreamine lie
calls hié»day-dreaming by the word "thinking-- Jle is an rrntovat
is most Of thc time thinking ah*juthimzifz a &jing v.rrr
which other persons cannot possibly do. JJe is cornrrzæ of US
Navy hydroplanc SN 202 and successfully gdüng lie
is the specialist doctor Jcading a team of 00m extors in
 McMillan, the famous millionaire banker and personal friend
Wellington
President,Roosevelt. Ile is the pilot of the fighter bomberplane
American
on the "mission impossible" so successfully and surprisingly. He is the
flying
in a criminal casc that turns the tables (
mastershot giving an cvidcncc
he can sacrificc his life as a big,big t
in the court. And mind you,
fifing squad and waiting patiently for the
patnot by standingin front of thc
heroic / bravc dcath!
He is altogcthcrdifferent from his wife who is a down-to-the-earthand
matter-of-factlady. She cannot understand the value of "thinking" and feels
that Mitty needs the advice of a doctor because he is again having his "day"
that day. She feels that she would check his temperature when they would
return home! For her, thinking is a useless or, rather, a dangerous activity.
Still Mitty is never ashamed of his thinking. He is a master day-dreamer and
can start his day dreaming even at the shortest possible notice as
day-dreaming is his most dominant character trait.
Q.No.2:What force provides the central conflict of the story?(Punjab 2010)
Ans: We find Walter Mitty and Mrs. Mitty in constant contrast ('J)
throughoutthe story. This contrast or conflict is based on the difference of
the imaginativepower of Mr. and Mrs. Mitty's minds. Mr. Mitty is an
extraordinarily imaginative person whereas his wife is a cool-miffded and
matter-of-factfellow, having not even the least trace of imaginative
power. Mr. Mitty is such a horribly imaginativeperson that he can absorb in
his day dreaming even at the shortest possible notice.
When Mitty is driving the car in the beginning of the story, he begins to
imaginethat he is steering / commandinga hydroplaneof the U.S. Navy
through worst storm of rain and snow. When his wife says that he should
sce Dr. Rcnshaw for "his day", he at once starts day dreaming about being a
greater specialist than Dr. Renshaw and operating upon a multi-millionaire
friend of the President Of the U.S.A. When a news boy
goes shouting
about the Waterbury trial, he at once starts
day dreaming about
giving expert heroic evidence about the used
anus ( s J). When he picks an
old copy of Liberty and reads• "Can Gennany
Conquer the World Through
Air'?g, he at once becomes a fighter pilot, going
impossiblevery heroically. At the through the mission
end, when he stands
for his wife, he becomes a patriot waiting, for a minute
facingthe firing squad
heroically!
 Qureshi'sRahber Best Notes on a Selection of English Prose (B.Sc)
67
On the other hand, Mrs. Mitty is so matter-of-fact and dull minded
that
she is upset to know that her husband is "thinking" and she advises him to see
the "doctor"! She is totally unimaginative lady and cannot understand the
natureof her husband. That is why there is a constant conflict betweenthe
two.
Q. No. 3: Is this main conflict resolved, if not, what prevents a
resolution?
The reason why it is not revolved is
Ans: This main conflict is not resolved.
basic natural characteristic of both *the husband and
that it is related with the
native, imaginative and day-dreaming whereas
the wife. The husband is, by
totally unimaginative. This main difference is
the wife is, by nature, dull! and
change one's personality at any cost.
never to be resolved as one cannot
Q. No.4: is the dominant theme or idea which underlies the story?
(Gujrat 2011)
the story is the war
Ans: The dominanttheme, or idea which underlies
stories /
betweenthe sexes. Actually it is the main theme of most of the
find
writings of James Thurber, the famous American humorous writer. We
predatory(J"/ ) womenat war with docile men who are caught by life's
conventionsand who dream of escape from normal life in day dreaming.
Such men begin to feel and imagine themselves as heroes in dreams /
day-dreamsas in their commonlife they have mostly to act as "your most
obedientand humbleservants" for their wives! Even dog in the story is more
importantthan poor Mitty who can be admonished by his wife for forgetting
.the dog feed. "Thinking"and "imagining", the feed of Mitty, are altogether
forbiddenby his wife. At two different times, she means to say that hé must
be ill because he is again "thinking" that day. Once she gives him a piece of
advice about consulting the doctor.
Q. NO.5: Write a character-sketchof Walter Mitty as you find
him in
James thurber's The Secret Life of Walter
Mitty. (Punjab 2010)
Ans: James Thurber's The Secret
Life of Walter Mitty is, in fact, the story .of
the day-dreamingof WalterMitty. Mitty
is an imaginative fellow and he is
always doing heroic deeds in his
day dreaming. He is going on the-
unpossible"and winningat all "missions
end! Sometimes,he is flying a bomber plane
whereas at some other times
he is steering the naval boat
SN 202 through the
 Selection of English Proso (B.Sc)
Best Notes on a
Qureshi'sRahber (Ircamcr and can start
humcanc. ig a specialiqt day Qures
svotstpossible possible notice, At end of the
shottcst
dreamingeven at the Iliq (loath -- and ail that
bcfotv•a finng squad hcroically to mcct
stands
a second because his wifc had said: "Wait for me,I
thc noticeof
minute."
something. I won't bc a
is altogcthcroppositc to his wifc who is a "dare-devil"and
Mitty
him a change to live a normallife
matter-of-factlady. She docs not give
scale. When Mitty is denied 1-1
is he begins day-dicamingat a large
works, which he is unable to
nonnal role, he becomes abnormal and the
becomes a specialist doctor,
nomal life, are done by him in day-dreams, Ile
Sut
fighter-pilot,a commander,of hydro-plane and an expert of ammunition
can changehis dream even at the shortest possible notice. Similarlyhe can
start his day dream also at the shortest possible notice!
Q. No. 6: What are the day-dreams of Walter Mitty?
Ans: Walter Mitty is a day-dreamerand he sees five day-dreams in the shcr
story: The Secret Life of Walter Mitty by James Thurber. Let us see what
day-dreamshe himself in.
Firstly,he sees that he is commandingthe U.S. Navy hydroplaneSN
202 throughthe most horrible hurricane of rain and snow. The crew is afraid
but it is his quality of head and heart which makes him master of the
situation. He runs the boat successfully.
Secondly,he sees that he is heading an operation of the friend
AmericanPresident.He is helpedby a team of four able surgeons. He also
mends / repairs the anesthetizer in a wonderful manner, although only for ten
minutes. He is totally successful.
Thirdly, he sees himself as an ammunition specialist. He givesa
specialistadvicein the court and becomes able
to get the case proved
would totally remain unproved without his
expert advice.
Founhiy, he sees himself as flying a
bomber fighter plane and gotng
the "missionimpossible",Ile
fulfills the mission successfully and makes all
others surprised at lus
Lastly,he sees himself as a
patriot facing the firing squad boldly and
proudly!
 having a habit of (COG);Toned: coloured; Orators: public speakers
s
Statesmen: politicians; Conviction: fast belief, faith (cykl);
do.
Translating: saying / expressing,
Phraseology: difTctvnt phtascs
Guard: be on the safe side; Prevent: check. stop; Debatable: a point on which
a discussion can be held ( :éf.y.$).
S - Questions and Answers
Q. No. 1: What is the precise difference between emotional meaning
and objective meaning?(Gujrat 2010, Sargodha 2012)
Ans.' The precise difference between emotional meaning and objective
meaning is that objective meaning is the neutral and impersonal meaning
without any colour of emotion whereas the emotional meaning is the real
meaning added with an emotional meaning / cölouring. "A dog of mixed
breed" is a statement that does not have any emotional colouring in it whereas
the word "mongrel" means "a dog of mixed breed" plus an emotional senseof
hatred with that. So objective meaning is the real, unbiased„ unprejudiced,
uncoloured and scientific meaning. On the other hand, emotional meaningis
the real meaning plus a colouring of emotions of any type with it!
Q. No, 2: Why cannot controversies in politics, morals and religionbe
settled when emotionally toned words are used?
Ans: Controversiesin politics, morals and religion cannot be settled when
emotionally toned words are used because emotions working at the
backgroundof the words used by both the debaters make it impossibleto
reach a just ('L a-to) conclusion. Debates and controversies cannot be settled
through such words but through the use of scientific and non-emotional
words only. Plain, straightforward words make it possible for us to havean
impartial and unbiased (-31-3%) view Of the matter. We have got a
progress in the field of science only because of impartial and unemotional
surveys and "drawing of conclusions in the most uncoloured manner.If
use the same manner in politics, religion and morals, we can surely progtvss
solidly in these fields also. Colouring of emotions with words used by the
parties makes it 'impossible for all to look at the facts objectivelyand
impersonally. So we must try to look at the things for
objectively if we desire
getting solid and serious results in the above-named are
fields of life which
very important fields of personal, social
and national life.
Q. No. 3: Is there a distinction between
prejudice and opinion?
Ans: yes, there is a distinction ('PI)
between prejudice and opinion. Firstly'
 Best Notes on a Selection of
English Prose (BSc)
75
every right to have an opinion of ours about a point,
problemor
whereas we have no fight to have any prejudice for or against
words one of
> Secondly, the of an opinion do not have an emotionalcolouring
used in a biased way or prejudiced manner
hereasthe words have colouring
them. "This is a bad book" is an opinion which the disliking of a
by the speaker as his personal idea. But if the same used these
"l never like such malicious / evil books", he would be using a
pgiudicedword in "malicious / evil" for which he does not have any reason
whatsoevenSo there is a clear-cut distinction between prejudice and opinion.
Q.So. 4: What is the difference between a "moral judgement" and a
"scientificjudgement"?
Ans..A "scientific judgement" is the unprejudiced, unbiased and impersonal
about any matter based on objective observation. On the other hand, a
*moraljudgement" is the outcome of the prejudiced, biased and personal
viewsand of the use of emotionally coloured words. That is why there is no
controversyabout any scientific judgement but there are a lot of conflicts and
controversiesabout any moral judgement. When we use such words in our
expressionas "Bolshevik", "Fascist" "reactionary", revolutionary",
"constitutional"and "national honour", we are making moral judgements
is a
aboutthings because all the above words have emotional colouring. "This
book"is a scientific judgement and nobody can oppose (bf—ed?
) this
statementinspite of his difference of cast and creed from offers.
Q.No.5: Is emotional language always to be shunned?
Ans: No, emotional language is not always to be (C"). It is rather
impress others
desiredin poetry and romantic / poetic prose where one has to
throughthe choice of emotionally coloured and best possible words.
cannot "be
"Casements"cannot be changed into "windows" and "warm gules"
changedinto "not cold red". "Breast" does not have that scientific
dessriptionsonly (with no emotions) as "chest". The writer has tried to
changethe two beautiful lines of Keats:
Full on this casement shone the wintry moon,
And threw warm gules on Madelinets fair breast.
as: Full on this window shone the wintry moon,
Making red marks on Jane's uncoloured chest.
and,thus, he draws for poetry.
result that emotional language is rather a must
 ot Engusn
on a Selection
Rabbet Best Notes
Q'uesttiis
(full) power of earth for growing plants (C>
Ecrtiles
things(4' Proceed' go on; Initial: basic, primary;
Nucleus:centre got; tJnified: blended
into one single Qureshi's Pah
disarrangerncnt;
I)crivcd• the top of a
store; Superb
activity; Crcatrix: creation; Rcscrvoir:
Cctvbtaiion: mcntat Facility: casc (UK); Fragments: piece
Walter
unbelievable; t.
e Incredible: Incessantly: continuously; Coalesc,
Similarly G
bccomc onc;
Assimilate:join and the same. A
Comprehensive: collectively cxprcssivc; Identified: idea during
becotncone;
suitable; Consumption: spending, eating up (u f One t?
it cleat by; Insuflicicnt•not
Formative: making something; Process: way '*hen one r
&i€)•.or-pan:part of body; That gives
making. unconsciou
Range: circle (J' 551'); Clueq: sings
Page 74. Elementary: basic, primary; so th
anything, totally unfertile (rk
(biz); Sterility: becoming unable to produce unconsci0'
rest; Pondering: thinking
: V);Parallel: (here) at the same time; Relaxation'. Anyhow,
Anxiety: restlessness
over; Haste: hurry; Strained: under tension known to
necessary
(Jer); Tense: full of tension (1312;)•,Pace: speed; Inevitable:
kind
5 - Questions and Answers Ans: The p
One of the
Q. No. 1: Explain someof the ways in which ideas have come to creative outside
thinkers, and the source of these ideas is assumed to be. physical
(Punjab 2012, Gujrat 2010, 2011)
"sleep on
Ans: Ideas, or rather bright ideas, have come to creative thinkers in different or come
manner and at different times. Richard Wagner, the famous musician, got his abruptness
preludeto "Rhinegold"in a sort of trancelike state. He reached Spezia, sick and uncon:
with dysentery,on September4, 1863.Next day he took a long walk and in
the aftemoon lay down for sleeping. In his sleep, he got the idea of that music
that
for which his soul had been searching!
Ans: Accc
Henri Poincare, the French Mathematician, got the knowledge about his
and resolv
Fuchsianfunctionone night after taking black coffee, through a sleepless for the wr
night. Similar is the case of the famous German philosopher, famous
Descartes, who
got his "cogito,ergosum" ( = I think therefore I
am!) in a triple dream• puzzling
Mozart,the famousmusician,got his melody sleepless,
of the "Magic Flute" while he
was playingbilliards.Berlioz got his other thir
oft-huntedmusic while diving in the
river Tiber. Hamilton got his new
mathematical method while walking in the The con
streetsof Dublin with his wife.
Kekule saw the atoms dancing before problem
him on
 the top of a London bus.
Walter Scott always got his ideas while resting and sleeping at night.
Similarly Guass got his Law of Induction one night. Helmholtz also declared
the same. Actually many other thinkers claim to have got the "oft-awaited"
idea during sleep or relaxation.
One thing is common in all this idea-coming: it is that such ideas come
uhen one is not actively and consciouslythinking about the real problem.
That gives birth to the theory in this regard that such ideas come from the
unconscious mind. It is believed that the mind does not sleep even during
sleep, so the mysterious blending and cooperation of the conscious and the
unconscious mind produces the solving idea, or the oft-awaited idea.
Anyhow, the precise procedure (J' JN>) of this happeningis still not fully
known to man and it happens only when one is not thinking about it.
Q. No. 2: What are the most striking features of creative activity of the
kind Whyte describes?
Ans: The process of creative activity displays many striking (VIV) features.
One of the most frequenting is the occurrence el') of blushes of insight
outside the hours of regular work, during the periods of other types of
physical activity or at odd moments of day-dreaming or relaxation. Some
"sleep on it" as Sir Walter Scott believed. Some "walk on it". Some go uphill
or come down hill for it. Another striking feature is its suddenness or
•ß7) of conscious
abruptness. Another feature is the strange amalgamation (e F
and unconscious minds for its mysterious production.
Q. No. 3: What, according to Whyte, does the creative imagination do
that the conscious mind does not do? (Punjab 2012)
Ans: According to Whyte, the creative imagination solves the stuck problems
and resolves the paradoxes and brings the oft-awaited sparks of inspiration
for the writers, artists and scientists alike. He •has given a long list of the
famous persons who have been offered the long-sought-for answers to their
puzzling questions in moments when they were sleeping, relaxing, lying
sleepless, walking downhill, riding a bus, diving into water, or doing such
other things which were not, in the least, related with their consciousfthought.
The conscious mind sometimes fails to get the required answer to the
Problembeing faced. Then the creative imagination comes to one's he!p and
 ot English mose
a Selection (Bsc)
Best Notes on
Qureshüs8ahber
and the unconscious
the ptoblent by bonging the consctous Rat)bet
ans"
other. The ctvattsx•
intagtnatien to the tttltC
harmony with each
svhetv sparks or the intuit ton conies as a result into the lap (v
mi.xtutvof (he both
"hgt hints does the guthor gisۥfor iour that ttte It at the SU

Q. No. 4: Once I
for creative thought?
proOdc good atmosphere opcntny•.

At the end of his essay "Whet? Do Those Bnght IdeasCome cornpany of tn

Ans:
that will pms ide a good
NVhyte tells us about the behaviour ttmes and toed
must Chasea wide range of interests Actually the
creatise thought. Fitstly, a man of the
cotne through any of the
the really ulluable clue (Jr) may ttiCd not to thu
speciality/specialism may lead to
unrelated fields of interst. Thus A few (la
and ail its sharpnc
Secondly, when one task makes no progress, one can tnoveon to thinking about

other task and return to the first one later on. One must keepseven my friends (ac
completed afte
things;works going on in parallel ( ;eJj).
So, as ar
Thirdly, periods of rest and relaxation are very important.Onemay1k
reached selu
on a bed or a sofa with closed eyes and nothing in the conscious
actively working. At such a time no definite task is undertaken and the
kept free,"for thinkingover any stray idea (or spark, the intuition!)
into onets mind.
Fourthly, one must never be in a huny. "Haste makes waste" -- goesth
saying, and it is true in this regard ) as well. The less hastein
matter, the better the results! New ideas come less easily if the mind is unde
tension (cz for achieving the awaited results. So anxiety should
nameless and not well-defined and the problem should be allowed to take
own time.
hog
Q. No. 5: Have you ever had an important problem to solve? If so,
did you reach a solution?
Ans: I write Urdu poetry. Sometimes it so happens that a poem
J
Ghazal(Ji ) gets stuck at a point and does not advance further.At such
the
time, it is my routine of life to leave the unfinished thing aside and forget
matter,"Illen in ninety nine per cent cases, the idea suddenly comes at
most unexpectedtime and I get my hard-boardwith papers of unfinished
thing and start giving the thing completingtouch. Sometimesa rhyme(Y)
orat
evades (t and I put the verse away. Then at the time of breakfast,
 Qureshi's Rahber Best Notes on a Selection of English Prose (B.Sc) 85
to sleep at night, the
the time of going rhyme would come tunning
of my mind and I would store it in my conscious mind, to
into the lap
WI-iteit at the suitable place later on.
Once I a Natia Ghazal and got stuck with its first verse
opening The poem was recited without any opening verse in the
companyof my fiends more than once. I took the manuscript many
times and tried to the Matl'a but all in yain. It would not come to me.
Actually the rhyme was rather tough and I thought that the Matl'a evaded me
because of the toughness of the rhyme. Anyhow, I left the thing as it was and
tried not to think about it any further!
A few days later, Matlta dawned ('Mt") upon my mental horizon with
all its sharpness and crispness of rhymes at the time I was least
thinking about that, during a light gossip either with my family members or
my friends (actually I forgot with whom)! Thus a beautiful Na'tia Ghazal was
completed after a span of 7 or 8 months.
So, as an Urdu poet, this was a problem which I faced and this is how I
reached a solution.