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Lecture 12

Alfred Nobel's will established the Nobel Prizes to honor individuals who greatly benefit humanity, with awards in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology/Medicine, Literature, and Peace, starting in 1901. The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Norway, while other prizes are given in Sweden, and the most recent addition is the Prize in Economic Sciences, initiated in 1968. As of 2023, the prizes have been awarded 621 times to 965 laureates, recognizing significant contributions across various fields.

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100 views15 pages

Lecture 12

Alfred Nobel's will established the Nobel Prizes to honor individuals who greatly benefit humanity, with awards in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology/Medicine, Literature, and Peace, starting in 1901. The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Norway, while other prizes are given in Sweden, and the most recent addition is the Prize in Economic Sciences, initiated in 1968. As of 2023, the prizes have been awarded 621 times to 965 laureates, recognizing significant contributions across various fields.

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NOBEL

PRIZE
BPSC CONCEPT WALLAH
Alfred Nobel’s Will (1895)
Nobel directed most of his fortune to establish a fund for awarding prizes.
The prizes were to recognize individuals who contributed the greatest benefit to mankind.

— Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, engineer, industrialist, and the inventor of dynamite, in his last will and
testament in 1895, gave the largest share of his fortune to a series of prizes in Physics, Chemistry,
Physiology/Medicine, Literature, and Peace, to be called the “Nobel Prizes”. SWEDISH INVENTOR AND
— In 1968, the sixth award, the Prize in Economic Sciences was started by Sweden’s central bank, the Sveriges INDUSTRIALIST ALFRED NOBEL
Riksbank.
— According to the official Nobel Prize website, between 1901 and 2023, the Prizes have been awarded 621
times, the recipients during this period being 965 Laureates (some received nobel prize more than once) and 27
organisations.

— The Nobel Prize consists of a Nobel Medal and Diploma, and a document confirming the prize amount.
— The Nobel Peace Prize is presented in Norway while the other awards are handed out in Sweden. That’s how
Alfred Nobel wanted it.
NOBEL PEACE PRIZE

Nihon Hidankyo
Japanese Organisation

For its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that
nuclear weapons must never be used again.
LITERATURE

For her intense poetic prose that


confronts historical traumas and
exposes the fragility of human life.

Han Kang
South Korean
Jon Fosse
CHEMISTRY

Baker was awarded the prize “for computational protein design”


Hassabis and Jumper were awarded the prize “for protein structure prediction”
BAKER
Computational protein design is a powerful tool to understand and manipulate protein
structures and functions, and it holds promise for developing novel therapeutics, industrial
enzymes, and other biotechnology innovations

HASSABIS AND JUMPER

Protein structure prediction is a key area of computational biology and


bioinformatics that aims to predict the three-dimensional structure of a
protein from its amino acid sequence.
PHYSICS

Machine Learning with


Artificial Neural Network

Why are neural networks significant?


Neural networks help AI systems make
decisions without a lot of human assistance.
This takes place as these networks can learn
and model the relationships between input and
output data that are nonlinear and complex.
MEDICINE
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS

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