UNIT 2 : HUMANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

VOCABULARY
• Human activities & the environment
I. Complete the sentences with the verbs given in the correct form.
clean up set up recycle raise encourage adopt organise
reduce
1. Doctors try to __raise awareness of the importance of adopting a green
lifestyle.
2. We need to _reduce________ the amount of waste you throw out every day.
3. We can prevent some diseases by adopting a healthier lifestyle.
4. Our club is going to have plans to ___clean up______ the beaches.
5. We ____recycle_____ all our cans and bottles.
6. They will ____set up_____ a workshop about the benefits of green living.
7. There is a lot of work involved in ____organising_____ the campaign to recycle
our waste.
8. That fine is not enough to ____encourage_____ people to stop littering in the
streets.
II. Complete the sentences with the words given.
footprint energy appliances clean-up issues eco-
friendly
lifestyle awareness activities litter aim event
1. Environmental awareness ______ has increased dramatically over the past
decades.
2. The __clean up____ of the mud slide will take several days.
3. You should answer the questions to calculate your business’s environmental
_____footprint____ .
4. The charity held a planned ____ event _____ of a sponsored five-kilometre walk
to raise fund for the homeless.
5. There will be an international meeting to discuss environmental
___issues______ .
6. Regular exercise is a part of a healthy ___lifestyle______ .
7. The ____aim_____ of the project is to encourage people to cut down on waste.
8. The children were encouraged to take part in different ___ activities ______ .
9. We should use ____ eco-friendly _____ products that are designed to do the
least damage to the environment.
10. People who drop ___ litter ______ can be fined in some cities.
11. His new job is to make sure lights and electrical _____ appliances ____ are
switched off when they are not used.
12. Batteries store ___ energy ______ from the solar panels.
III. Complete the sentences with the words given below.
poison pollutes destroy waste burn save reuse
recycle
1. Using cars ____ pollutes _____ the atmosphere.
2. It’s wrong to destroy trees. We need them.
3. People must __ save _______ the tigers in India.
4. We sometimes recycle______ plastic cartons. We put small plants in them.
5. It’s important to ___ reuse ______ more paper and glass.
6. Some families buy a lot of food and don’t eat them. They ___ waste ______ it.
7. Rubbish in the river can _____ poison ____ the fish.
8. It’s bad for the environment to _____ burn _______ ______ plastic bags.
IV. Complete the sentences with the words given below.
biodegradable disposable pollute toxic recycle
reusable
1. If you put dangerous chemicals into the air or water, you ___will pollute ______
it.
2. When you use something again, you ____will recycle _____ it.
3. If something is ____ biodegradable _____ , you can throw it away.
4. If you can use something like a bag or a plate again, we call it reusable
5. If something is toxic_ , it is bad for the environment.
6. When something breaks down naturally and returns to the environment, we
say that it is disposable
V. Complete the text with the verbs given below.
burn reuse bury destroy throw away waste recycle
poison
What can you do to save the planet?
Don’t _waste _ your old clothes and put them in the bin. You can 2 recycle
1

them. Take them to the special recycling centre in your neighbourhood.

Also, you can write to your local council. Ask them not to 3 throw rubbish because
the smoke 4 the atmosphere.
It isn’t a good idea to 5 bury plastic bags in the ground either. When you get a
plastic bag, don’t forget to 6_ reuse it several times.
When you go camping, don’t leave any fires - you’ll 7burn the forest.
Make sure that you eat all the food in your fridge - don’t throw it in the bin and 8 _
waste _ it!
VI. Complete the text with the words given below.
How eco-friendly is your town?
disposable eco-friendly green pollute
toxic recycle
In our town, I don’t think we are very 1 _ green _ - we don’t think about the
energy we use or the things we throw away. It’s bad to use a lot of 2 _ disposable
__ plastic bags and create rubbish that isn’t biodegradable. I think people in my
town need to 3 _ recycle_ more paper and plastic and use more 4 _ eco-friendly _
energy, too. People often 5 __ pollute_ the air and rivers with 6 toxic _ waste. This
is very unhealthy for people and animals. We need air and water that is clean and
safe for everyone.
2C. Grammar
• The future with will and be going to
I. Complete the sentences with the correct form of will or be going to
and the verbs in brackets.
1. Are you tired? I _will take_ (take) you home.
2. I _will watch_ (watch) a DVD tonight. Do you want to come round?
3. What _are_ you __going to wear__ (wear) for your first day at work?
4. We haven’t got any sugar. I ___will get__ (get) some in town later.
5. Look at the time! We _are going be late__ (be) late.
6. Oh, no! That cyclist _is going to hit__ (hit) the black dog.
7. I will see (see) you later.
8. __will you ___ask___ .(ask) him round for a drink?
II. Complete the short exchanges, using the correct form of will or be
going to.
1. A It’s looking very dark outside.
B Yes, it _is going to _ rain.
2. A It’s a bit cold in this room.
B OK. I _will____ close the window.
3. A Can you come out this evening?
B I __will__ know until I ask my parents.
4. A Are you doing anything on Sunday morning?
B No. I __am going to_ stay in bed all morning.
5. A The white shirt is €15, and the blue shirt is €20.
B I __will_ have the blue one, please.
6. A Have you got any plans for the summer?
B No. We _will_ do anything this year.
III. Complete the short exchanges with the correct form of will or be
going to with the verbs in brackets.
1. ‘We _ will__ (pick) you up at 6.30 p.m.’ - ‘Thank you. That ___will______ (be)
great.’
2. ‘Help me! I _am going to fall__ (fall)!’ - ‘Don’t worry. I __will catch (catch) you.’
3. ‘ __will__ you __see__ (see) Phong after school?’ - ‘No, not today. He __will_do_
(do) some work on his computer.’
4. ‘What _will__ you __do__ (do) on holiday?’ - ‘We _will decide__ (decide) when
we get there.’
5. ‘Be careful. The toast __is going to burn (burn)!’ - ‘I __will switch off__ (switch
off) the toaster.’
IV. Complete the dialogue. Use will or be going to and the verbs in
brackets.
Nick 1 Will you come__ (you / come) to the cinema with me and Rob tomorrow?
Mai No, I’m not. I2 _will spend__ (spend) the evening with my sister.
Nick Really? Well, why don’t you both come to the cinema? I 3 __will get_ (get)
two extra tickets.
Mai We’ve got other plans. We 4 __are going to have__ (have) dinner in a pizza
restaurant.
Nick What time 5 ___will_ you ___go_ (go) out?
Mai About 8.00. Why?
Nick Maybe we can meet later. I6 __will phone__ (phone) you after the film.
Mai OK.

• Passive voice
VIII. Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
1. They use recycled paper in newspapers.
Recycled paper is used in newspaper.
2. They don’t drink alcohol in Muslim countries.
 Alcohol isn’t thought to be in Muslim countries
3. They recycle a lot of paper and cardboard in Britain.
A lot of paper and cardboard are recycled in Britain.
4. They don’t sell phone cards in this shop.
Sell phone cards aren’t sold in this shop
5. They don’t make Camembert cheese in Germany.
 Camembert cheese isn’t made in Germany
6. They don’t grow oranges in Hungary.
 Oranges aren’t grown in Hungary
XIV. Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Use by if necessary to say
who has done the action.
1. Someone has stolen my camera.
 My camera has been stolen
2. Someone has burgled their house.
 Their house has ben burgled
3. They’ve murdered three people.
Three people have been murdered
4. Someone has vandalised the bus stop.
 The bus stop has been vanalised
5. Shoplifters have taken the new DVDs.
 the new DVD has been taken by shoplifers
6. The police have interviewed three suspects.
 Three suspects have been interviewed by the police
XV. Complete the questions with the correct passive form (present
simple, past simple or present perfect) of the verbs in brackets.
1. Which two languages _is speaking__ (speak) today in Wales?
2. Which actors _will be choose _ (choose) to play James Bond in the Bond films?
3. When _will_ the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum __complete__ (complete)?
4. What item of clothing __is banned__ (ban) from some shopping centres and
schools in England?
5. Where __is__ the Oxford and Cambridge boat race __held__ (hold) every year?
6. Who __was attacked___ (attack) by a shark in Quy Nhon in 2003?
7. Name one film that _is/ was directed__ (direct) by Milos Forman.
8. What kind of food ___will/ are sold_ (sell) at a butcher’s shop?
XVI. Rewrite the active sentences in the passive.
1. People are going to build many onshore wind farms in the Mekong Delta.
 Many onshore wind farms are going to be built in Mekong Delta.
2. Scientists are designing a new project to help reduce greenhouse gases.
 A new project is being designed to help reduced greenhouse gases
3. People will choose locations with plenty of wind to build wind farms in our
region.
 locations with plenty of wind will be choose to build wind farms in our region
4. The government has actively supported the projects to develop renewable
energy.
 the projects have been actively supported to develop renewable energy by the
goverment
5. People use more renewable energy to protect the environment.
 more renewable energy is used to protect the environment
6. We have collected waste for recycling in our school for more than ten years.
 Waste for recycling has been collected in our school for more than ten years
7. That solar power plant isn’t supplying our community with enough energy.
 our community isn’t being supplied with enough energy by that solar power
plant
8. The campaign raised people’s awareness of protecting the environment
 people’s awareness of protecting the environment was raised by the
campaign
TEST 1 (UNIT 2)
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. set B. encourage C. enjoyable D. environment
2. A. clean B. green C. beautiful D. heat
3. A. yoga B. young C. yellow D. rhythm
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
4. A. protection B. neighbourhood C. natural D. energy
5. A. polluted B. dangerous C. organic D. recycled
II. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
6. It _______ that half of your plate consists of vegetables and fruit.
A. suggests B. suggesting C. is suggested D. is suggesting
7. I _______ an interview for a scholarship tomorrow morning.
A. will have B. am going to have C. will be having D. will have had
8. Not brushing your teeth regularly _______ plaque build up on your teeth.
A. is going to let B. is going to allow C. will let D. will get
9. I _______ a good hot bath in ten minutes in order to take good care of my skin.
A. will have B. will have had C. will be having D. is going to
have
10. Someone’s carbon _______ is a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide
that their activities produce.
A. effect B. amount C. footprint D. energy
11. The more carbon footprint we can _______, the more we can protect the
environment.
A. reduce B. increase C. cut D. achieve
III. Complete the text with the words below.
renewable decompose improve oil organic
ozone pesticides recycles ultra-violet warming
Going green
Plastic bags can take up to 1,000 years to 12 __ decompose __ . When we go
shopping, we should take a bag with us.
The 13 __ ozone__ layer stops 14 _ ultra-violet __ light from the sun. It’s between 17
and 15 kilometres above the surface of the Earth.
About 90% of the world’s energy comes from 15 __ oil ___ , coal, and gas. One
problem is that they are not 16 _ renewable __ - they will eventually run out.
Another problem is that when we bum them they cause global 17 _ warming _ .
At the moment the EU only 18 _ recycles __ about 45% of its waste. It wants that
figure to be between 50 and 80%.
On non-organic farms, farmers use more than 400 different 19 _ pesticides __ .
These can kill wild animals and birds, and also cause water pollution. If more
people bought 20 organic __ food, this would help to 21 _ improve _ the
environment.
IV. Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice.
22. People will develop alternative sources of energy.
Alternative sources of energy will be developed .
23. With that device people will change the wave energy into electricity.
With that device the wave energy will be changed into electricity.
24. People will construct more wind turbines in that area to produce electricity.
More wind turbines will be constructed in that area to produce electricity.
25. Scientists will find solutions to reduce pollution in our city.
Solutions will be found to reduce pollution in our city .
26. Governments will make more regulations to reduce industrial pollution.
More regulations will be made to reduce industrial pollution .
V. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank
space in the following passage.
A Healthy Way To Know A City
Maybe you are staying in a city, and there is no park nearby where you can take
your morning job. One of the more recent trends is to go on a running tour, but
you are not leading the way. Rather, a running 27 __________ who knows the best 28
__________ in the city acts as your guide. You are going out for a run, but you are
also being shown highlights of the city while you are doing it.
Guided running tours are a trend that seems to be catching 29 __________ in quite
a few of the bigger cities in the United States. New York City, Chicago, and San
Francisco are just three of the major cities that have running tours in 30
__________ . They offer these tours to individuals, groups, and even for corporate
events. If you are going into a city with colleagues to attend a business meeting
or a convention, what better way is there to see the city and network with others
31
__________ while taking a healthy run?
27. A. marathon B. sportsman C. enthusiasm D. enthusiast
28. A. ways B. routes C. directions D. approaches
29. A. on B. out C. up D. with
30. A. organization B. way C. place D. event
31. A. than B. even C. almost D. or
VI. Read the text, and then choose the correct answers.
Food for Thought
How often do you look in your fridge? And what's in it? Look at what you eat in a
day and multiply that by the millions of people all over the world. All those
people, all that food. Where does it come from? Should we care?
Today, in my fridge, there are a few grapes, a bunch of bananas and some fruit
juice - things that are not expensive and that are good for me. There is also a
pizza, and some burgers in the freezer - which are not so good. I know what this
food does to my body, but what does it do to the world around me? It’s time to
look at my carbon footprint and sort out the good from the bad and the really
ugly.
Food miles
My first stop is the label. Labels give us lots of information: how long we can keep
our food, how many calories it has, and where it comes from. A few hundred
years ago, most of our food came from places we could walk to, but today, food
travels thousands of miles. We refrigerate it, then transport it in planes and ships
all over the world. This creates pollution and causes of global warming
I look at the slices of pizza and immediately feel guilty - not because it’s
unhealthy, but because the prawns on it are from Thailand. I know we produce
prawns in the UK, but they’re more expensive. I take out a banana - it’s from
Brazil, but that’s not too bad. It came here by boat, so the carbon footprint of this
healthy snack is small.
Packaging
The next stop is the packaging. In the UK, we don’t recycle all our packaging; we
throw away more than 30% of it. This waste goes to the rubbish dump and not to
the recycling centre. Luckily, we don’t need to package food like bananas, but
food like grapes needs protection. I look at the grapes in my fridge - they’re in a
plastic container and they’re from Spain.
Production
So my grapes are from Spain, but at least they grew in natural sunlight. In the UK,
people grow grapes in heated greenhouses, which means British grapes are less
energy-efficient. But there is one other thing in my freezer, and if pizza and
grapes are ‘bad’, then this food is ‘really ugly’. It’s the burgers. They have the
biggest carbon footprint because they come from cows. In the USA, cows create
the same amount of greenhouse gases as 20 million cars. As I close the fridge
door, I make a checklist for my next trip to the supermarket: 1. Read the label.
2. Look at the packaging. 3. Don’t buy a lot of meat. Maybe I could grow my own
vegetables, too. It’s eco-friendly. I’d save some money and I wouldn’t feel guilty
about eating burgers.
32. What does the writer want to find out about the food in his fridge?
a. if it is good for his health
b. if it is good for the environment
c. if it saves his money
33. What can we learn from food labels?
a. Information about the people who make our food
b. How far the food has travelled
c. Why the price is low or high
34. Why does the writer feel guilty about the pizza?
a. Because it is made in Thailand.
b. Because it has a big carbon footprint.
c. Because it is bad for his health.
35. Why are bananas better than grapes?
a. Because they don’t have any packaging.
b. Because they don’t travel very far.
c. Because they grow in natural sunlight.
36. Why are burgers really ugly?
a. Because they are unhealthy.
b. Because they come from the USA.
c. Because they come from cows.
37. What does the writer want to do?
a. He wants to stop eating meat.
b. He wants to reduce his carbon footprint.
c. He wants to have a healthy lifestyle.
TEST 2 (UNIT 2)
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. item B. organic C. plastic D. interesting
2. A. plastic B. organic C. natural D. take
3. A. use B. street C. plastic D. household
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
4. A. compulsory B. electrical C. situation D. environment
5. A. sustainable B. eco-friendly C. refillable D. activity
II. Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.
6. Leave our electric appliances _off when they are not _in___ use is a bad habit.
7. It takes many years ___for__ plastic waste to break down ____into____ small
pieces.
8. Both students and local people take part __in____ the event to pick up rubbish
on__ the central market.
9. We should set __up_ more rubbish bins __in____ public places to keep the
environment clean and safe __for__ everyone.
III. Complete the text with the words given below.
break down biodegradable charge up eco-friendlyemissions
greenhouse gas landfill :bãi rác on standby : đã sẵn sàng
toxic
Think green
Protecting the environment is a global issue, so as individuals, how can we make
a difference? The best place to start is in our homes. Here’s something 10 eco-
friendly advice.
A carbon footprint is the amount of carbon dioxide a person contributes to the
atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a type of 11 __ emissions __ which is believed to be
damaging our environment by causing global warming. Here are two easy ways
for us to reduce carbon 12 greenhouse gas Firstly, don’t leave electrical
appliances, such as your TV, 13. __ on standby ___ They are still consuming
electricity despite not being switched on. Secondly, don’t 14 ____ charge up __ _ your
mobile phone unnecessarily. Use it until the battery is almost empty.
We should also be aware of what we put in the rubbish. Most rubbish is sent to 15
landfill . If the rubbish isn’t 16 biodegradable, it won’t 17 ___ break down _ ._ for
years or even centuries. In addition, if rubbish is burned in your area, don’t throw
out plastics. When burned, plastics produce very 18 toxic chemicals, which pollute
the atmosphere and can cause long-term damage to the environment. Take your
plastic rubbish to a recycling centre.
IV. Rewrite the following sentences using the passive.
19. Some videos on YouTube told me the ways to cut down on waste.
I have been told the way to cut on waste by some video on Youtube
20. I always keep a wastebasket in my bedroom for recyclable things like cans or
paper.
A wastebasket is always kept in my bedroom for recyclable things like cans or
paper.
21. People only use these disposable knives and forks once.
These disposable knives and forks are only used.
22. A lot of big supermarkets have thrown away good food.
 Good food have been thrown away by a lot of big supermarket.
23. We shouldn’t throw away these bottles because we can recycle them.
 These bottle shouldn’t been thrown away because we can recycle them
V. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank
space in the following passage.
The three Rs
Rubbish, and how we choose to 24 ____________ it, affects the environment and
everything around us including the air, water, land, plants, and man-made things.
We need a healthy environment for our well-being, so we can 25 ____________ why
effective management of rubbish is important. Everyone needs to learn about
and practise the three Rs - reduce, reuse, and recycle - to make our world safe
and environmentally-friendly place. First, we must buy and use less and we
should choose items with minimal packaging. Second, we should reuse things as
much as possible and 26 ____________ items on to others who can use them when
they are no longer of 27 ____________ to us. Finally, we should recycle everything
once its usefulness is over so they can be made into new items. Making new
items from recycled ones takes less energy and fewer resources than making
products from brand-new materials. Just about anything that cannot be reused
can be recycled into something 28 ____________ . You’d be amazed what can be
done with a recycled product! A recycled plastic bottle can be made into
hundreds of other plastics goods that can be used for many years.
24. A. deal B. cope C. handle D. accept
25. A. know B. understand C. say D. think
26. A. give B. pass C. deliver D. send
27. A. need B. help C. value D. use
28. A. other B. else C. another D. more