1. A coffee shop refuses to employ servers over 45 years old.

This illustrates
A. confirmatory bias.
B. affirmative action.
C. a direct form of discrimination.
D. equal employment opportunity.

2. According to the two-factor theory, which of the following is a hygiene factor that
influences an employee's satisfaction or dissatisfaction?
A. Achievement
B. Recognition
C. Working conditions
D. Advancement and growth.

3. Durban Cafe takes one order at a time and customizes the coffee as per the
customer's requirement . The cafe uses _____ technology.
A) small-batch
B) mass-production
C) continuous-process
D) standardized process
E) large-batch

4. A difference between tactical and strategic plans is that

a. tactical plans have a more concrete focus.
b. tactical plans are set for and by the board of directors.
c. tactical plans have broader time horizons.
d. strategic plans are developed by first-line managers.
e. strategic plans deal with the day-to-day operations of an organization.

5. One advantage of group decision making is:

a. groupthink.
b. saved time.
c. more acceptance of the final decision.
d. lowered cost of decision making.
e. elimination of political forces.

6. What is the management role in executing plans?

A. Organizing and staffing
B. Controlling and problem solving
 C. Motivating and inspiring
D. Establishing direction

7. A manager sets a goal for their team to increase sales by 20% in the next quarter.
According to Goal-Setting Theory, what will determine the team's motivation to achieve
the goal?
A. The difficulty and specificity of the goal
B. The team's acceptance and commitment to the goal
C. The manager's leadership style and the team's job satisfaction
D. The company's culture and the team's workload

8. A(n) _____ lists each important managerial position in an organization, who occupies it,
how long he or she will probably remain in the position, and who is or will be a qualified
fill-in.
A) skills inventory
B) employee information system
C) enterprise resource planning system
D) replacement chart
E) Gantt chart

9. Which of the following is true of business process changes?

A) Business process change should not be carried out during a phase of entropy.
B) Business process change requires a careful blend of top-down and bottom-up
involvement.
C) Centralization must be adopted by the top management for the business process
change to be successful.
D) Employee participation should be minimal during a business process change.
E) Successful business process change is not accompanied by a sense of urgency.

10.As a process, leadership can be defined as:

A. the practice of empowering employees to participate in organizational decision
making.
B. the set of characteristics attributed to individuals who are perceived to be leaders.
C. the use of noncoercive influence to shape an organization's goals.
D. the ability to assess business process performance.
E. the ability to adjust to and understand the changes in a workplace.

11.An organization shifts its budget from a few, large projects to accommodate a number of
smaller projects every year. It also decentralizes power and gives additional
 responsibilities to individual project managers. This is an example of the use of __
control.
A. Structural
B. Human
C. Information
D. Financial

12._____________ strategy is the set of strategic alternatives from which an organization

chooses as it manages its operations simultaneously across several industries and several
markets.
A. Corporate-level
B. Business-level
C. Operational-level
D. Divestiture.

13.Within operations, managerial control ensures

A. the goal of low product reliability.
B. the goal of high unit production cost.
C lowest possible cost regardless of quality.
D. that resources and activities achieve primary goals.
E. highest quality regardless of cost

14.The set of broad dimensions and forces in an organization's surroundings that determines
its overall context is called the _____ environment.
a. task
b. general
c. physical work
d. regulatory
e. ethical

15.In _____, the output of one unit becomes the input for another in a serial fashion.
A) pooled interdependence
B) sequential interdependence
C) structural interdependence
D) total interdependence
E) reciprocal interdependence
16.Jimmy owns an ice cream parlor. He designs a schedule for the different tasks the
employees have to perform in order to prevent monotony at work. According to the
schedule, if an employee makes waffle cones on a day, he serves ice creams the next day
 and clears the tables on the day after that. Jimmy is using the _____ approach at his ice
cream parlor.
A) job enrichment
B) job enlargement
C) job rotation
D) job deskilling
E) job specialization

17.The normal process within an organization that leads to a system decline is known as
_____.
A) reengineering
B) synergy
C) process gain
D) innovation
E) entropy

18.Amelia believes that if she tries hard to eliminate distractions and concentrate on her
work, she will learn to do her job more efficiently. Amelia has:
A) low effort-to-performance expectancy.
B) moderate performance-to-outcome expectancy.
C) low performance-to-outcome expectancy.
D) high effort-to-performance expectancy.
E) moderate effort-to-performance expectancy.

19.PDC Industries wants to move away from a job specialization approach. For one of its
product lines, it has given the group the responsibility to design the work system to be
used, including assigning tasks and monitoring and controlling its own performance.
What approach is this?
A. Job rotation
B. Work teams
C. Functional departmentalization
D. Job enlargement

20.SuperWheels is a large firm that manufactures bicycles. The company sells a line of
mountain bikes targeted at experienced off-road bikers. SuperWheels has introduced
several innovations to set its bikes off from those of its competitors. Which of the
following strategies is illustrated in the scenario?
A. Overall cost leadership strategy
B. Differentiation strategy
 C. Focus strategy with differentiation focus
D. Focus strategy with cost leadership focus
E. Cost leadership strategy with differentiation focus

21.A news producer has the authority to choose which reporter will get to cover important
news items and which reporter will cover trivial news items. The news producer uses this
authority to recognize the hard work of reporters. Which of the following types of power
is the producer using in this case?
A. Referent
B. Reward
C. Legitimate
D. Coercive

22.When a manager writes an email to his employees that provides details about the
upcoming annual company picnic, he is most likely to be using his ____ skills.
A. communication
B. Technical
C. Conceptual
D. Interpersonal

23.One of the reasons Steve Jobs was very successful at Apple was his charisma. From this
observation, we can infer that he had _____ power.
A) referent
B) reward
C) legitimate
D) coercive
E) expert

24._____ can be defined as a set of activities directed at an organization's resources, with the
aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner.
A. Economics
B. A theory
C. Management
D. Self-dealing
E. Divestment

25._____ is used by managers to weaken undesired behaviors by creating unpleasant

consequences.
A) Recognition
 B) Extinction
C) Avoidance
D) Punishment
E) Incentive

26.Which of the following statements best reflects contemporary management trends?

A. More and more organizations are using quality as a basis for competition.
B. The service sector of the economy has steadily declined.
C. Younger people entering the workforce over the past 20 to 30 years are more devoted
to work and more willing to adapt.
D. The emphasis on business ethics has declined.
E. The emphasis on management of diversity has declined.

27._____ make decisions about activities such as investing in research and development
(R&D) and entering or abandoning various markets.
A. Division heads
B. Limited partners
C. First-line managers
D. Middle managers
E. Top managers

28.A(n) _______________ is an operational plan that is developed to carry out a course of

action that is not likely to be repeated in the future.
A. Policy
B. standing plan
C. rule or regulation
D. single-use plan

29.Which of the following statements about top managers is true?

A. They are the largest group of managers in most organizations.
B. They officially represent their organization to the external environment.
C. They primarily oversee the day-to-day operations of an organization.
D. They supervise and coordinate the activities of first-line managers.
E. They supervise and coordinate the activities of operating employees.

30.Sales are down, and Francis knows he needs to make some changes to reverse the trend a
sales up to the previous level, but actually increase them by 5% over last year. He is now
try whether the downturn was caused by poor customer service, poor quality product,
improper other factor. Which step has Francis reached in the comprehensive approach to
 change?
A. Recognizing the need for change
B. Implementing the change
C. Setting goals for the change
D. Selecting a change technique
E. Diagnosing relevant variables.

31.Many businesses that use an H-form or M-form organization design have several people
in the specialized managerial position of ___ one for the corporation and one for each
division.
A. Supervisor
B. Inspector
C. Controller
D. quality tester

32.____________________ managers work in areas such as new product development,

promotion, and distribution
A. Human resources
B. Marketing
C. Plant
D. Operations

33.Housing, clothing, and job security would all be included in which of Maslow's need
categories?
A. Security
B. Physiological
C. Belongingness
D. Self-actualization
E. Esteem

34._____ is the degree to which the overall task of the organization is broken down and
divided into smaller component parts.
a. Job specialization
b. Job enrichment
c. Job rotation
d. Job enlargement
e. Task identity
35.Creating different teams for finance, production, and marketing is consistent with _____
departmentalization.
a. Location
b. Product
c. Functional
d. Sequential
e. Customer

36.What reason do researchers give for their findings that there are more communication
problems in tall organizations than flat organizations?
a. The smaller number of managers as compared to line workers
b. The fewer number of subordinates reporting to each manager
c. The increased number of people through whom information must pass
d. Reductions in morale tend to prevent employees from communicating effectively
e. Reductions in production discourage employees from sharing information

37.A change in an organization's culture is an example of change in the area of _____.

A) organization structure
B) organizational operations
C) work processes
D) information technology
( hoặc có thể hỏi : reporting relationships within an organization)
38.Ron, a manager at a hardware component manufacturing unit, has recently learned from a
subordinate's report that the production rates in his firm have gone down immensely
because of poor employee morale. Ron has realized that he needs to make a change in the
organization that will motivate employees. Which of the following steps in the
comprehensive approach to change is illustrated in the scenario?
a. Recognizing the need for change
b. Understanding how to implement the change
c. Setting goals for the change
d. Selecting a change technique

39.Which stage of the Lewin model of organization change involves managers letting people
who will be affected by an impending change know the reasons for the change?
a. Implementing
b. Recognizing
c. Refreezing
 d. Transforming
e. Unfreezing

40.Inflation, the cost of living, and money supplies are all external forces for change in the
_____ dimension.
a. Social
b. Political
c. Cultural
d. Economic
e. Technological

41.A(n) _____ decision is a decision that is relatively structured or recurs with some
frequency (or both).
A) custom-made
B) novel
C) unstructured
D) intuitive
E) programmed

42._____ refers to the methods by which strategies are operationalized or executed within
the organization; it focuses on the processes through which strategies are achieved.
A) Strategy implementation
B) Strategy mapping
C) Strategy formulation
D) Strategy visualization

43.Beta LLC has decided to change its hiring criteria so that more people with technical
expertise can join the company. Which step of the change process is illustrated in the
scenario?
a. Establishment of goals for the change
b. Recognition of the need for change
c. Selection of appropriate change technique
d. Diagnosis of the relevant variables

44.Substantive modification to some part of an organization is known as organization

a. synergy.
b. maturity.
c. implementation.
d. change.
45.Which of the following statements is true of administrative management?
A) It deals with the jobs of individual employees.
B) It was first introduced by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.
C) It focuses solely on combating soldiering.
D) It encompasses the concepts of planning, organizing, and controlling.

46.Which of the following actions represents an attempt to manage social responsibility

through ethical compliance?
a. Requiring top financial managers to ensure compliance with securities and banking
regulations
b. Donating money to fund the performing arts
c. Creating a committee to review policies concerning selection of new hires and
promotion of employees
d. Consulting the legal department regarding the requirements of a particular law

47._____ is the financial remuneration given by an organization to its employees in

exchange for their work.
a. Progression
b. Compensation
c. An intangible benefit
d. Insurance

48.A(n) _____ is usually computerized and contains information on each employee's

education, work experience, and career aspirations.
a. bona fide occupational qualification
b. skills inventory
c. statement of qualification
d. job description

49.Quality control is a type of _____ control.

A) physical
B) human
C) operations
D) financial
E) structural

50.A corporate _____ that is relatively passive performs a general oversight function without
getting actively involved in how the company is run.
 a. council of strategic partners
b. board of directors
c. regulators directorate
d. whistle-blowing committee

51.Ken is a newly hired police officer. He has been asked to spend a workday with a more
experienced officer to learn about paperwork, how to handle accident scenes, how to
interact with people, and other duties that he will be expected to perform. Which of the
following concepts is illustrated in the scenario?
a. Performance appraisal
b. The assessment center method
c. Training manuals
d. On-the-job training
e. The lecture method

52.EBM suggests treating the organization as an unfinished prototype, which means what?
A. Face the hard facts-
B. Encourage experimentation and learning by doing.
C. Build a culture in which people tell the truth.
D. Get the best evidence and use it to guide actions.
E. Avoid decisions based on untested beliefs-

53.In human resource management, _____ usually refers to teaching operational or technical
employees how to do the job for which they were hired.
a. job rotation
b. Development
c. Training
d. Deskilling

54.R&D at Venus Electronics Inc. has created an innovative new device. Management now
needs to decide if Venus should launch this device as its next new product now or wait
for the next one. Venus can estimate the costs to develop, produce, and market this device
as well as forecast sales. But there are many unknowns in both the new product
development and market conditions that Venus cannot accurately predict. Therefore,
Venus is making this decision under a condition of:
A. Risk
B. Uncertainty
C. Certainty
 D. Ambiguity
E. Security

55.The _____ lists the duties of a job, the job's working conditions, and the tools, materials,
and equipment used to perform it.
a. job specification
b. job description
c. replacement chart
d. statement of qualification

56.The ______________ lists the skills , abilities, and other credentials needed to do a job.
A. job specification
B. statement of qualification
C. article of incorporation
D. job description.

57.Windmere allows its administrative employees to arrive any time between 7:00 a.m. and
9:00 a.m., and to leave any time between 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m., as long as they work
an eight-hour day. This arrangement is known as
a. empowerment.
b. compressed work schedule.
c. a nine-eighty schedule.
d. flextime.
e. traditional schedule.

58.In the two-factor theory, the factors that influence the satisfaction continuum, which are
related specifically to work content, are called _____ factors.
a. Esteem
b. Security
c. Environmental
d. Motivation

59.Two or more companies that work together in joint ventures or other partnerships are
called what?
a. Strategic partners
b. Competitors
c. Customers
d. Suppliers
e. Regulators
60._____ is the process of giving employees a voice in making decisions about their own
work.
a. Participation
b. Empowerment
c. Commitment
d. Reinforcement

61._____ is the process of grouping jobs according to some logical arrangement.

A) Job rotation
B) Job enrichment
C) Departmentalization
D) Centralization
E) Industrialization

62.............is a commitment to finding and using the best theory and data available at the
time to
A. Rational decision making
B. Classical decision making
C. Rational management
D. Evidence-based management

63._____ is the process of attracting qualified persons to apply for jobs that are open.
A) Mentoring
B) Recruiting
C) Job analysis
D) Job evaluation

64.Brenda, a senior engineer at Machineworks Inc., sets herself difficult goals and assumes
personal responsibility for the performance of her subordinates. Brenda most likely has a
high need for
a. achievement.
b. affiliation.
c. esteem.
d. security

65._____ leader behavior, identified by the path-goal theory, primarily involves being
friendly and approachable, showing concern for subordinate welfare, and treating
members as equals.
 a. Directive
b. Achievement-oriented
c. Task-oriented
d. Supportive

66.Daniel has been appointed leader of a project task force. He has legitimate power in this
position. The task is unstructured. Also, Daniel has weak leader-member relations.
According to Fiedler's LPC theory, what type of leadership style is appropriate in this
situation?
a. Task-oriented
b. Relationship-oriented
c. Participative
d. Transformational leadership

67.Demonstrating personal excitement or passion about something is part of _____

leadership.
a. Charismatic
b. Entrepreneurial
c. Symbolic
d. Integrative
e. Participative

68.Punishment involves the use of _____ power.

a. Legitimate
b. Reward
c. Referent
d. Coercive

69.Recently identified keys to successful leadership such as trusting one's subordinates,

developing a vision, and simplifying things are consistent with the premises underlying
_____ leadership.
a. Contingency
b. Transformational
c. Charismatic
d. Directed
e. Situational

70.Performance appraisals are part of _____ control.

a. Physical
 b. Human resources
c. Information
d. Financial
e. Inventory

71.In organizations, sales forecasting, economic forecasting, and environmental analysis are
examples of the control of _____ resources.
a. Physical
b. Human
c. Information
d. Financial
e. Inventory

72._____ layouts are used in operations settings that create or process a variety of products.
a. Product
b. Cellular
c. Random
d. Process

73.Which of the following inventory types provides the components needed to make the
product?
a. Raw materials
b. Work-in-process
c. Merchandise
d. Finished goods

74._____ involves selecting a course of action from a set of alternatives.

a. Divesting
b. Controlling
c. Leading
d. Decision making
e. Organizing

75._____ are probably the largest group of managers in most organizations, and are
primarily responsible for implementing the policies and plans of an organization.
a. Middle managers
b. Top managers
c. The members of the board of directors
 d. First-line managers
e. Floor supervisors

76.Alex, one of the proprietors of Atlas Corp. is worried. The stock market was not doing
well, unemployment was 10 percent, inflation was on the rise again, and government debt
was still increasing. These concerns of Alex are related to the _____ dimension of the
general environment of Atlas Corp.
a. economic
b. sociocultural
c. technological
d. political

77.A _____ is a conceptual framework for organizing knowledge and providing a blueprint
for action.
a. Strategy
b. Prediction
c. Theory
d. Doctrine

78.Steve works with Beta Pharmaceuticals Inc. He is primarily responsible for overseeing
production activities. Tyler is concerned with decisions such as the number of product
units that need to be manufactured, the overall functioning of the production plants, and
the quality of products. Steve is most likely to be a(n) _____ manager.
a. operations
b. marketing
c. human resources
d. sales

79.Competitors, customers, suppliers, strategic partners, and regulators make up the _____
environment of an organization.
a. Task
b. Economic
c. Technological
d. Political-legal
e. Competitive

80.A group organized by its members to attempt to influence organizations is known as a(n)
a. interest group.
b. board of directors.
 c. strategic ally.
d. competitor.
e. ethics committee.

81.Myrtle Wines, a chain of wine retailers, has prepared guidelines that clearly specify how
employees should interact with suppliers, customers, competitors, and other people
associated with their business. These guidelines are documented and distributed at all
Myrtle outlets. The guidelines prepared by Myrtle forms its
a. business plan.
b. strategic plan.
c. code of ethics.
d. licensing agreement.

82.Where does an organization's culture originate?

a. Societal norms and expectations
b. Pressure applied through mergers
c. With the organization's founder
d.Resolution of disputes between rival factions
e. Government regulation of the specific industry

83.Atlantia is a German company that manufactures dishwashers in Germany. Its products

are sold in the United States. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
a. Atlantia is exporting its products to the United States.
b. Atlantia has a license agreement with the United States.
c. Atlantia is importing its products from the United States.
d. Atlantia wholly owns subsidiaries of the firm in the United States.

84. The term span of management refers to the:

A) extent to which authority is delegated at the individual level.
B) extent to which authority is systematically delegated to middle and lower levels of
management.
C) number of people reporting to a particular manager.
D) process of grouping jobs according to some logical pattern.
E) number of managers assigned to a department.

85. ___________________ is the process of managing operations control, resource

acquisition and purchasing, and inventory to improve overall efficiency and
effectiveness.
A. Supply-chain management
 B. Technology management
C. Design management
D. Quality control

86.Which of the following is an example of a work sequence change in a service

organization?
A. Changing line and staff relationships
B. Changing the way claims are processed
C. Installing new equipment
D. Redesigning jobs.

87.Which of the following is an example of a good leader in the context of business?

A) A person who relies on force to lead people
B) A person who disobeys authority
C) A person who is a dictator
D) A person who can influence others

88.Which of the following is an example of a direct form of discrimination?

A. An organization intentionally seeking and hiring employees from groups that are
underre organization
B. An organization refusing to promote employees belonging to an ethnic minority into
management
C. An organization hiring professionals based on their experience and skills
D. An organization using employment tests that men pass at a higher rate than women.

89.Gadgetbug Inc. is known for its extremely efficient after-purchase service. None of
Gadgetbug's competitors provide the same kind of customer service. Gadgetbug's _____
is described in the scenario.
A) scope
B) divestiture strategy
C) strategic limitation
D) process loss
E) distinctive competence

90.When organizations relate to their environments in ways that involve ethical dilemmas
and decisions, these situations are said to fall within the context of the organization's
_____ responsibility.
a. Legal
b. Ethical
 c. Social
d. Cultural

91.In the context of the Ohio state studies of leadership, a leader showing consideration
behavior
A. attempts to establish a warm, friendly, and supportive climate at the workplace.
B. clearly defines the leader-subordinate role so that everyone knows what is expected of
them.
C. establishes formal lines of communication, and determines how tasks will be
performed.
D. is primarily interested in the performance of the employees.

92.What type of plan focuses primarily on people and action?

a. Tactical
b. Strategic
c. Diversified
d. Corporate-level
e. Business-level

93.An organization's _____ is a statement of its fundamental, unique purpose that sets a
business apart from other firms of its type and identifies the scope of the business's
operations in product and market terms.
a. Mission
b. Statement of qualification
c. Article of incorporation
d. Operational goal
e. Tactical plan

94.A business manufactures top-of-the-line cabinets. The _____ dimension of its general
environment includes computer-assisted design software that helps to convert wood and
people's idea into lovely, functional cabinets.
a. legal
b. sociocultural
c. technological
d. political
e. economic

95.WexAll Industries has seen demand for its RB37 start to slow down. In addition, the
number of other companies producing a similar product has started to go down as well,
 and there have not been any new entrants into this market. The RB37 is most likely in the
_____ stage of the product life cycle.
a.Growth
b.Post-prime
c.Introduction
d.Maturity
e.Decline

96.When leaders decide to either give salary increases to their employees or withhold any
salar which of the following types of power do they exercise?
A. Coercive
B. Reward
C. Informal
D. Expert
E. Referent.

97.When large firms merge, the results are often initially disappointing due to control
systems trying to cope with a(n) _____.
A) rise in error accumulation
B) increase in organizational complexity
C) lack of environmental change
D) increase in costs

98.Nutrimax Inc. sponsors a football championship in Oriel in August every year. The
championship is organized by the Oriel Football Association (OFA) to encourage new
talent, and Nutrimax bears all the expenses incurred during the championship. The Oriel
regional manager of Nutrimax sends across a check to the OFA in July of each year in
order for them to prepare for the championship. The regional manager's decision about
when to send the check to OFA is a(n) _____ decision.
A) programmed
B) unstructured
C) intuitive
D) contingency

99.Nutrimax Inc. identifies its purpose as "to produce the finest cookies in the world while
upholding of promoting good health and maintaining environment ." This purpose is most
__________ of Nutrimax.
A. operational goal
B. distinctive competence
 C. mission statement
D. strategic goal
E. tactical goal.

100. Which of the following strategies will help companies succeed during the growth
stage of a product cycle?
a. Focusing on developing new products or services
b. Increasing overhead costs
c. Sacrificing product quality
d. Focusing on creating product differentiation
e. Increasing product prices significantly

101. Which of the following strategies can help companies survive during the decline
stage of the product life cycle?
A. Increasing production costs.
B. Manufacturing the products frequently and in smaller quantities.
C. Avoiding differentiation strategies.
D. Developing new products or services.

102. ____________ is the ability to affect the behavior of others.

A. Power
B. Discipline
C. Function
D. Potential

103. A(n) _____ is an internal skill or capability that does not enable a company to
choose and implement strategies that support its mission.
a. Organizational weakness
b. Organizational threat
c. Market threat
d. Process gain

104. Which of the following is an agreement among the United States, Canada, and
Mexico to promote trade with one another?
a. North American Free Trade Agreement
b. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
c. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
d. Transatlantic Free Trade Agreement
105. In decision making, a condition of _____ exists when a decision maker knows
what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative.
a. Risk
b. Uncertainty
c. Certainty
d. Ambivalence
e. Imperfect information

106. Delta Corp. introduced a new set of policies, giving its employees more flexibility
in work timings. This decision was made in response to complaints from employees
about fatigue. Which step of the rational decision-making process is illustrated in the
scenario?
a. Defining the situation
b. Evaluating the possible alternatives
c. Selecting the alternative
d. Implementing an alternative
e. Evaluating decision effectiveness

107. The classical decision model is a prescriptive approach, meaning that it

a. provides managers with alternatives.
b. tells managers how they should make decisions.
c. assumes all decisions are made subjectively.
d. allows no room for flexibility.
e. describes how decisions often are actually made.

108. By recognizing the _____ aspect of decision making, the administrative model
better reflects subjective considerations.
a. Rational
b. Groupthink
c. Classical
d. Behavioral
e. Sequential

109. Strategy formulation is the

A. set of decisions an organization makes about how it will distribute its resources.
B. method by which strategies are operationalized or executed.
C. set of processes for determining the strategies that will be used by an organization
D. process of evaluating an organizations strengths and weaknesses
E set of decisions an organization makes to neutralize threats and avoid weaknesses.
110. The Delphi group technique is a group decision-making technique in which:
a. the members are involved in extensive discussions with each other.
b. the opinions of group member are combined and averaged.
c. the daily operational problems of an organization are addressed.
d. the members are most likely to indulge in groupthink.
e. the members are most likely to be first-line employees belonging to the same
department.

111. _____ is power that has been legitimized by the organization.

a. Entropy
b. Process gain
c. Synergy
d. Authority

112. Relish Inc. is a large corporation in the food industry that manufactures canned
foods, confectionery, and baked foods. The organization has a separate department for
each of these types of food manufactured. Each department integrates all the activities
required to manage its respective line of food. Which of the following types of
departmentalization is illustrated in the scenario?
a. Sequential
b. Customer
c. Product
d. Location
e. Functional

113. Which of the following types of operations control relies heavily on feedback
processes?
A) Strategic control
B) Financial control
C) Preliminary control
D) Screening control

114. In _____ technology, raw materials are transformed to a finished product by a

series of machine transformations in such a way that the composition of the materials
themselves is changed.
a.product-customization
b. large-batch
 c. mass-production
d. continuous-process

115. Vemique, a manager, consults with her subordinates and encourages their
involvement in the decision mak process. Based on the path-goal theory, what kind of
leader behavior is Vernique exhibiting?
A Job-oriented
B. Employee-centered
C. Achievement-oriented
D. Participative

116. A(n) _____ is a management model of organization design based on a legitimate

and formal system of authority.
a. Adhocracy
b. Bureaucracy
c. Entropy
d. Autocracy

117. Alpha Corp. has divided its business into a number of sub units. This organization
change is an example of change in the area of
a. people.
b. operations.
c. structure and design.
d. social responsibility.

118. What are the three steps in the Lewin model?

a. Recognizing, planning, implementing
b. Unfreezing, implementing, refreezing
c. Unfreezing, goal setting, refreezing
d. Unfreezing, refreezing, evaluating

119. Which of the following can help make the reengineering process more effective?
a. Limiting communication
b. Creating a sense of urgency in the organization
c. Adopting a highly centralized organizational structure
d. Refraining from making extensive changes

120. Upsilon Inc. manufactures leather handbags. It later adds leather accessories,
shoes, and clothing to its production line. With this step, Upsilon is taking a _____
 decision.
a. layout
b. promotion-distribution
c. capacity
d. product-service mix

121. A manager expends extra effort because she has been told that she will get a
$50,000 bonus if her team meets its quota. She also feels stress because she has been
informed that she will be put on probation if she does not get her team to perform above
last year's total. Which of the following does this scenario illustrate?
a. Equity theory
b. Maslow's esteem needs
c. Two-factor theory
d. Performance-to-outcome expectancy

122. Which of the following helps make the management process efficient?
A) Increasing overhead production costs
B) Using resources in a cost-effective manner
C) Making management decisions independently of the organization's external
environment
D) Using the majority of resources for sales promotion activities

123. Hydraliscious is a juice brand that sells a wide range of fruit juices that only uses
organic ingredients, which is its uniqueness when compared with other brands. Even
though Hydraliscious juices are highly priced, a lot of customers buy them because of the
quality of the juices. Hydraliscious is most likely to be using a(n) _____ strategy.
A differentiation
B. cost-leadership
O. Divesting
D. Bundle pricing.

124. In expectancy theory, raises, promotions, stress and resentment are all _____ of an
individual's behaviors.
a. Factors
b. Motivations
c. Reinforcements
d. Outcomes
125. Which of the following perspectives on motivation concerns "what" motivates
people rather than "how" they are motivated?
A) Reinforcement
B) Process
C) Content
D) Equity

126. _____ focuses on how much people want something and how likely they think they
are to get it.
a. Maslow's hierarchy
b. Two-factor theory
c. Expectancy theory
d. Reinforcement theory

127. Tyler is the marketing manager at MarketAds Inc., and Emily is an account
manager reporting to him. Tyler instructs Emily to improve public opinion. The goal that
Emily was given lacks goal
a. specificity.
b. acceptance.
c. conformity.
d. difficulty.

128. An individual who is motivating and inspiring people to energize them to

overcome barriers by satisfying basic human needs is fulfilling what role and activity?
a. Management role in developing a human network
b. Leadership role in developing a human network
c. Management role in executing plans
d. Leadership role in executing plans

129. According to the Managerial Grid, a manager who exhibits impoverished

management
a. has little concern for people or for work performance.
b. is an effective leader with much concern for people.
c. has a lot of concern for people and for work performance.
d. has a lot of concern for people, but little concern for work performance.

130. Sam, the CEO of a company, has the power to take decisions related to resource
allocations. His power is mainly derived from his position in the company. Which power
is best demonstrated in the given scenario?
 a. Reward
b. Coercive
c. Expert
d. Legitimate

131. As a property, leadership can be best defined as

a. the practice of empowering employees to participate in organizational decision
making.
b. a set of belief that supports the practice of interpersonal risk taking in teams.
c. the ability to shape employee behavior without using force.
d. a set of characteristics found in people who can influence the behavior of others.

132. Ralph Corp. and Swan Inc. have entered into an arrangement in which Ralph sells
Swan's merchandise in its stores, and Swan promotes Ralph stores in its advertisements.
In this context, which of the following best describes the relationship between Ralph
Corp. and Swan Inc.?
a. They are competitors.
b. Ralph is Swan's supplier.
c. Swan is Ralph's supplier.
d. They are strategic partners.

133. Cheri and Aaron both wanted to work part-time, and they found a lawyer who was
willing to split one full-time paralegal job between the two of them so that Cheri works
mornings and Aaron works afternoons. This arrangement is known as _____
A) flextime
B) participation
C) job sharing
D) reinforcement
134. C
135. The report issued about a major packaging defect showed a culture at an
organization that did not listen when small safety issues were raised. Each issue by itself
might not have caused the flaw. This example illustrates
a. the need to understand organizational complexity.
b. that changing conditions are influenced by innovation.
c. the need for control in order to reduce the accumulation of errors.
d. the way that control helps organizations respond to changing standards.

136. A publishing firm will use a(n) _____ budget to forecast and plan the demand for
young adult books in Southeast Asia in the coming year.
 a. Labor
b. Capital expenditures
c. Operating
d. Balance sheet

137. _____ include robotic work units or workstations, assembly lines, and robotic carts
or some other form of computer-controlled transport system to move material as needed
from one part of the system to another.
a. Call-center systems
b. Flexible manufacturing systems
c. Computer-aided design technologies
d. Expert systems

138. In general, while identifying alternatives, the more important the decision, _____.
A) the more alternatives should be generated
B) the lesser the time needed to make the decision
C) the lesser the chances of managers making the right decision
D) the more the tendency of managers to ignore intuitions

139. The first step in the control process is:

A) modifying control standards.
B) comparing performance against standards
C) measuring performance.
D) establishing control standards.
E) determining the need for corrective action.

140. The management at Loft Corp. has introduced new employment policies. The
mangers are now tracking and monitoring the implementation of the new policies. Which
of the following management functions is illustrated in the scenario?
a. Decision making
b. Controlling
c. Organizing
d. Leading
e. Planning

141. ___________________ techniques are methods that diversified organizations use

to determine in which businesses to engage and how to manage these businesses to
maximize corporate performance.
A. Divestiture
 B. Process gain
C. Portfolio management
D. Deskilling

142. In the systems perspective, _____ emphasizes the importance of working together
in a cooperative and coordinated fashion.
A) synergy
B) entropy
C) contingency
D) diversity
E) uniformity

143. Steve works with Beta Pharmaceuticals Inc. He is primarily responsible for
overseeing production activities. Tyler is concerned with decisions such as the number of
product units that need to be manufactured, the overall functioning of the production
plants, and the quality of products. Steve is most likely to be a(n) _____ manager.
a. operations
b. Marketing
c. human resources
d. sales

144. An international _____ is a set of countries that agree to markedly reduce or

eliminate trade barriers among member nations.
a. Commonwealth
b. free trade area
c. economic community
d. customs union

145. In international trade, the _____ amount is typically designed to ensure that
domestic competitors will be able to maintain a certain market share.
a. Benefaction
b. Royalty
c. Tariff
d. Quota
e. minimum hourly wage

146. Which of the following is a part of an organization's external environment?

a. Board of directors
b. Physical work environment
 c. Inflation
d. Organization's culture
e. Employees

147. Which of the following is a situational leadership model?

A. Trait approach
B. Ohio State studies
C. Michigan studies
D. Path-goal theory
E Leadership Grid

148. Alpha Inc. is a large shoe manufacturer that caters to a large customer base. In
addition to the high volume of shoes it manufactures, the company sells simple-designed
sneakers for low prices. Many customers buy Alpha shoes because they are durable and
inexpensive. Which of the following strategies is illustrated in the scenario?
a. Overall cost leadership strategy
b. Market diversification strategy
c. Differentiation strategy
d. Divesting strategy
e. Market development strategy

149. The top managers at Redd Inc. are developing a plan to reduce the production costs
of the company. By reducing costs, Redd wants to gain a competitive advantage of cost
leadership. The plan being developed in this scenario is a(n) _____ plan.
a. Strategic
b. Tactical
c. Operational
d. Contingency
e. recovery

150. Strategic plans:

A. focus on how to operationalize actions necessary to achieve goals.
B. are concerned more with actually getting things done than with deciding what to do.
C. have a short-term focus and are relatively narrow in scope, dealing with a fairly small
set
D. typically involve upper and middle management and have a somewhat shorter time
horiz specific and concrete focus.
E generally have an extended time horizon, and address questions of scope, resource
deployment competitive advantage, and synergy.
151. In job ______________,the jobs do not change, but instead workers move from job
to job.
A. Rotation
B. Specialization
C. Enrichment
D. Deskilling
E. enlargement.

152. The ______________ view of organizational design assumes that the optimal
design for an organization set of relevant factors, including technology, environment,
size, and organizational life cycle.
A. Optimized
B. Situational
C. Differentiated
D. Bureaucratic.

153. Operational goals are concerned with

A. longer-term issues associated with the strategic plan.
B. longer-term issues associated with the operational plan.
C. shorter-term issues associated with the tactical goals.
D. shorter-term issues associated with the strategic plan.
E. longer-term issues associated with the tactical goals.

154. Samantha is responsible for building the day-to-day work schedules for her
subordinates. She assigns specific tasks to her subordinates and designs activities
according to the objectives that she receives from her seniors. Samantha works on _____
goals.
a. Operational
b. Organizational
c. Strategic
d. tactical

155. Zing Inc. is a large fashion brand that manufactures clothing and shoes. The top
managers of Zing have decided to use the profits from its clothing outlets to invest in the
shoes business. This scenario illustrates the _____ component of a strategy.
a. resource deployment
b. Scope
c. distinctive competence
 d. process loss
e. divestiture

156. R&D at Venus Electronics Inc. has created an innovative new device. Management
now needs to decide if Venus should launch this device as its next new product. This is an
example of a(n) _____ decision.
a. Frequent
b. Nonprogrammed
c. Structured
d. Operational
e. Programmed

157. Aside from motivational strategies such as the content perspective, process
perspectives, ar perspectives, an organization's ______________ is its most basic tool for
managing employee motivatic.
A strategic plan
B. vision statement
C. Objective
D. reward system

158. Which of the following is a discussion process between a union and management
that focus a written contract that will cover all relevant aspects of their relationship?
A Job evaluation
B. Collective bargaining
C. The grievance procedure
D. Certification.

159. Which of the following statements is true in the context of decision making under a
state of risk?
a. The decision maker clearly knows the alternatives.
b. The decision maker uses probability estimates to assess alternatives.
c. The decision maker is least likely to choose a bad alternative.
d. The decision maker has an accurate understanding of payoffs of all the alternatives.
e. The decision maker seldom considers his or her past experience while making the
decision.

160. When Beta Inc. acquired Redd Communications, there was a huge uproar by the
staff of Redd Communications as there were rumors of staff reductions and operations
closures. ______________ was the cause for this reaction by the Redd Communications
 staff.
A. Synergy
B. Process gain
C. Uncertainty
D. Process loss.

161. Decisions made by top managers involving strategy, such as signing mergers or
making acquisitions examples of _______________ decisions.
A. Operational
B. Frequent
C. Programmed
D. Structured
E. Nonprogrammed

162. In which step of the rational decision-making model does the decision maker test
the feasibility and satisfactoriness of alternatives before choosing one?
a. Identifying alternatives
b. Implementing the chosen alternative
c. Defining the situation
d. Following up the implementation
e. Evaluating alternatives

163. It was recently announced that Libra Inc. settled a lawsuit for $75 million. In the
context of the rational decision-making model, when executives of the company
announced that the settlement proved to be "typical and fair" as compared to similar
cases, they were:
A. developing a set of rational alternatives.
B. evaluating the possible alternatives.
C. consulting with other decision-makers.
D. recognizing and defining the decision situation.
E. following up and evaluating the results of a chosen alternative.

164. Which of the following statements is true about the decision-making process?
a. It exclusively applies to problem situations.
b. It requires that the nature of a particular situation be defined.
c. It seldom applies to situations that are positive.
d. It typically involves only one individual and seldom applies to groups.
e. It results in the generation of only one alternative.
165. Cedar Enterprises is made up of a number of small units. It has virtually no
underlying hierarchy. People float from project to project within their unit, and the
organizational design centers on the projects. Cedar is an example of what type of
organization?
a. Virtual
b. Matrix
c. Centralized
d. Team

166. According to the job characteristics approach, increasing the presence of the five
dimensions it identifies will lead to all of the following EXCEPT
a. higher motivation.
b. higher turnover.
c. higher-quality performance.
d. higher satisfaction.
e. lower absenteeism.

167. _____ is defined as a clear and distinct line of authority among the positions in an
organization.
a. Chain of command
b. Span of management
c. Job deskilling
d. Flat structure
e. Synergy

168. Managers can overcome resistance to change by

a. not letting employees know about the change.
b. letting employees know about the change only after it has been successfully
implemented.
c. limiting the involvement of employees in the change process.
d. minimizing communication during the change process.
e. announcing the change much in advance.

169. The radical redesign of all aspects of an organization in order to achieve major
gains in cost reduction, service delivery, or reduction in order-processing time is known
as
a. entropy.
b. process change.
 c. innovation.
d. reengineering.

170. Which of the following is an effective way of overcoming resistance to change?

A) Allowing employees to participate in the change process
B) Fostering an environment of uncertainty in the organization
C) Announcing the change only after it has been implemented
D) Minimizing communication among employees

171. During the introduction phase of the product life cycle _____.
A) companies must sacrifice product quality
B) most companies tend to downsize
C) demand may be very high
D) competition is at its peak

172. Which of the following is true of organizational control?

A. Control always results in higher costs for an organization.
B. Sales and marketing forecasting is a part of financial control.
C. Control can help an organization adapt to environmental change
D. Control systems increase organizational complexity.
E. Public relations is a part of human resources control

173. An example of a force for change in the task environment of an organization is

a. pricing strategies of competitors.
b. employee turnover rates.
c. capital availability.
d. employee motivation.

174. Sara is an efficient supervisor at a restaurant, which is part of a large national

chain. She was recently sent to a two-week educational course by her employer to help
her get the skills she needs for promotion to a higher management post. The human
resource management concept illustrated in the scenario is _____.
A) job specialization
B) job rotation
C) development
D) training

175. Which of the following is an accurate difference between the task environment and
the general environment?
 a. The general environment is quite complex, whereas the task environment is very
simple.

b. The task environment provides useful information more readily than the general
environment.
c. The task environment deals with more abstract dimensions than the general
environment.
d. The general environment's impact is short term, whereas that of the task environment
is long term.

176. According to the motivation framework, after a worker notices an unfilled need,
the next step is
A. choosing a behavior that satisfies the need.
B. determining future needs.
C. searching for ways to satisfy the need
D. evaluating need satisfaction.
E identifying a need deficiency.

177. According to the Lewin model of organization change process, refreezing involves
a. recognizing why the change is necessary.
b. informing people about the change.
c. the implementation of the change.
d. reinforcing the change so that it becomes a part of the system.

178. A company has set an objective to increase its product sales by 50 percent in the
next two years. Identify the step of the organization change process of the company.
a. Recognition of the need for change
b. Establishment of goals for the change
c. Selection of appropriate change technique
d. Planning for implementation of the change

179. Libra Technologies Inc. frequently asks its employees to measure such things as
supervisor effectiveness. The company circulates various questionnaires among all its
employees to get their insights. Which organization development is illustrated in the
scenario?
A) Third-party peacemaking
B) Survey feedback
C) Team building
D) Process consultation

180. A company has built a new manufacturing plant to increase production. This
scenario illustrates which step in the Lewin model of organization change?
A) Unfreezing
B) Entropy
 C) Reengineering
D) Implementation

181. _____ plans generally have an extended time horizon, and address questions of
scope, resource deployment, competitive advantage, and synergy.
A) Operational
B) Contingency
C) Recovery
D) Tactical
E) Strategic

182. The nominal group decision-making technique:

A involves maximum interaction among group members.
B. is used to generate creative and innovative ideas.
C. is a technique in which members are not brought together in a face-to-face setting.
D. always results in groupthink.

183. Pat saw an advertisement for a job opening that she thought she might be suited
for. She went to the company's website to look at the job description in order to find out
the
a. skills of existing employees.
b. tools, materials, and equipment she would have to use to perform the job.
c. educational background required of applicants.
d. personal profile of a supervisor.

184. Online postings, executive search firms, referrals by present employees, and hiring
walk-ins methods.
A. external recruiting
B. realistic job preview
C. job analysis
D. job evaluation.

185. Top managers at Phoenix Inc. are all computer engineers and are highly regarded
by other companies. They are frequently approached by executive search firms with
information about openings at other companies. The managers are examples of
a. temporary workers.
b. emergent workers.
c. contingent employees.
d. knowledge workers.

186. _________________ are hired for short periods of time and provide greater
flexibility, earn lower wages, and often do not participate in benefits programs.
A. Temporary workers
B. Regulatory agencies
 C. Interest groups
D. Strategic allies.

187. The _____ budget shows the anticipated differences between sales or revenue and
expenses.
A) expense
B) profit
C) labor
D) capital expenditure

188. _____is an ideal method for training employees in group decision making.
a. Vestibule training
b. Programmed learning
c. Role-playing
d. The lecture method

189. Employment requirements such as test scores and other qualifications are legally
defined as having a(n) _____ on minorities and women when such individuals meet or
pass the requirement at a rate less than 80 percent of the rate of majority group members.
a. affirmative action
b. adverse impact
c. confirmatory action
d. divergent impact

190. Working a full forty-hour week in fewer than the traditional five days is called
a. job sharing.
b. flextime.
c. a nine-eighty schedule.
d. a compressed work schedule.

191. In what common form of executive compensation are senior managers able to buy
shares in the company at a predetermined fixed price?
a. Gainsharing plan
b. Stock option plan
c. Profit sharing plan
d. ESOP

192. When a manager answers a subordinate's question regarding the process of creating
a report from raw data he is relying on his_______________ skills.
A abstract
B. technical
C. time management
D decision-making
E. interpersonal.
193. Martha is given a new office and a new job title as recognition for her
accomplishment over her years of service to the organization. She is satisfied with the
recognition and respect from her colleagues. This portrays that the organization is
addressing her _____ needs.
a. Security
b. Physiological
c. Belongingness
d. Self-actualization
e. Esteem

194. A manager gives her employees a variable bonus every month based on resulting
cost savings every time they exceed their sales quota. This type of incentive pay is known
as
a. fixed-rate pay.
b. profit sharing.
c. gainsharing.
d. lump-sum bonus.

195. Karl is fond of saying, "Remember, half the doctors you see graduated in the
bottom of their class." Karl is attempting to limit the _____ power of physicians.
a. Expert
b. Legitimate
c. Referent
d. reward

196. What is the basic assumption of situational approaches to leadership?

a. Increasing worker job satisfaction through considerate leadership will get the best
results.
b. Initiating structure for employees so they know exactly what needs to be done will be
most effective.
c. The appropriate leader style will vary from one set of circumstances to another.
d. Effective leaders can be identified by certain traits.

197. Carolyn, a manager, discusses and reasons with the Board of Directors of her
company until they agree to let her try her new strategic plan for a trial period. Carolyn is
using _____ in the given situation.
a. an obligation
b. Persuasion
c. Coercion
d. passive aggression

198. _____ skills refer to a manager's ability to prioritize work, to work efficiently, and
to delegate work appropriately.
 A. Time management
B. Technical
C. Conceptual
D. Interpersonal
E. Communication

199. Which of the following is a concern of the technological dimension of an

organization's general environment?
A. Organization's policies and practices
B. Inflation, interest rates, and unemployment
C. Tools, methods, and technology
D. Government regulations

200. Which of the following accurately describes the responsibility of a corporate board
of directors?
A. Exerting considerable influence by using the media to call attention to their positions
B. Helping the company get the expertise they lack from other companies
C. Ensuring the firm is run to best serve the stockholders' interests
D. Gaining legal property rights to the business by buying stock E. Protecting the public
from certain business practices or to protect organizations from one another

201. _____ is the process by which a manager assigns a portion of his or her total
workload to others.
A) Micromanagement
B) Delegation
C) Synergy
D) Centralization

202. Which of the following statements is true about tactical goals?

a. Their focus is on how to operationalize actions necessary to achieve strategic goals.
b. Their focus is on broad and long-term issues such as increasing the profitability of the
organization over a period of time.
c. They are set for and by top managers.
d. They are set for and by the board of directors.
e. They are broad and nonspecific.

203. At Omega Inc., a fixed amount of money is added to the salaries of employees if
their performance exceeds a predetermined level of expectation. A smaller portion of the
amount is added if the employees' performances just meet the expected level. Omega is
most likely to be motivating their employees with _____.
A. incentives.
B. intangible benefits.
C. rankings.
D. progressions
204. Managers sometimes decide to do something because it feels right or they have a
hunch. This is an example of using in ____________ decision making.
A. Satisficing
B. Rationality
C. Intuition
D. Optimization
E. Logic

205. An American company is in a joint venture with an overseas Middle East

company. The U.S. managers are particular about time management and appointments for
conference calls and meetings. However, their overseas Middle Eastern counterparts are
not conditioned the same way and don't necessarily adhere to schedules. This variation in
time management is an aspect of their _____ environment.
a. legal
b. cultural
c. technological
d. political

206. Alpha Motors Inc. was affected by the recession in 2008. The company had to
make extensive changes to its organizational structure and design. This scenario
illustrates how _____ forces affect organizations.
A) technical
B) external
C) managerial
D) legal
E) internal

207. In contrast to strategic plans, tactical plans must:

A) specify resources and time frames.
B) be developed independently of the internal business environment.
C) be developed independently of the external business environment.
D) be more general and broadly based.

208. Alpha Electronics assembles different parts to make standardized laptops. Alpha
Electronics uses _____ technology.
A) job rotation
B) mass-production
C) unit
D) continuous-process

209. Which of the following would be included in the management function of

planning?
A) Selecting the course of action most likely to lead to success
 B) Monitoring progress toward the achievement of goals
C) Motivating others to higher levels of achievement
D) Communicating company policies to subordinates
E) Organizing people and resources

210. A nonprogrammed decision

a. is relatively more frequent than programmed decisions.
b. is highly structured.
c. requires more time and resources than programmed decisions.
d. is typically regarding daily organizational transactions.
e. typically applies to basic operating systems and procedures.

211. A(n) ______________ strategy requires small cash outlay, is heavily regulated by
government, and doe modification to products for local conditions.
A Importing
B. Licensing
C. joint venture
D. direct investment.

212. After being laid off from his job, Joe recognized three options he could choose
from before he could secure a new job: to spend less, to use savings, or to use credit. He
went over every aspect of his budget, and could not find any area where he could make a
cut. Therefore, the option to spend less was immediately eliminated because
a. it was not satisfactory.
b. it had negative consequences.
c. it was not feasible.
d. it was not bounded in reality.
e. it was not rational.

213. Pete, a manager, embraces the job characteristics approach. Pete thinks that when
his employees have more control over how their work is performed, they do better.
Which characteristic is Pete emphasizing?
a. Feedback
b. task identity
c. task significance
d. Autonomy
e. skill variety

214. One of the benefits of job specialization is that it :

A. makes employees proficient at a task.
B. offers new challenges and stimulation to the workers.
C. significantly increases employee satisfaction.
D. decreases boredom and absenteeism among workers.
215. Which of the following is the role of top managers in an organization?
A. Implementing plans of first-line managers
B. Creating organizational goals and overall strategy
C. Coordinating the work of first-line managers
D. Overseeing day-to-day operations
E. Performing routine administrative tasks.

216. What is one of the strengths of the bureaucratic model?

a. Favoritism and bias are minimized.
b. It is easier to change rules when circumstances change.
c. Once rules are understood, it is easier to make exceptions.
d. There is a higher level of flexibility.
e. More attentions is paid to the human and social processes.

217. Which of the following is the first step in human resource planning?
A) Assessing external and internal trends
B) Predicting demand
C) Forecasting supply
D) Comparing future demand and internal supply

218. A(n) _____ occurs when an employee's decision potentially benefits the individual
to the possible detriment of the organization.
a. loss of confidence
b. security breach
c. conflict of interest
d. violation of organizational culture

219. Organizations that manage diversity effectively often have

A. lower levels of productivity and turnover.
B. higher levels of productivity and turnover.
C. lower levels of turnover and absenteeism.
D. higher levels of turnover and absenteeism.
E. higher levels of productivity and absenteeism.

220. Tests of ability, skill, aptitude, or knowledge that is relevant to the particular job
A. are occasionally useful.
B. are usually the best predictors of job success.
C. are not as valuable as tests of general intelligence.
D. are not as useful as personality tests.

221. Consumer tastes and preferences are _____ forces that influence an organization's
product line.
a. Technical
b. Internal
 c. Managerial
d. External
e. Political

222. An effective individual strategy for managing a diverse workforce is

a. encouraging interpersonal communication.
b. treating everyone the same without regard for their fundamental human differences.
c. creating ethnically homogenous work teams.
d. using micromanagement techniques.

223. _____ reflects an organization's investment in attracting, retaining, and motivating

an effective workforce.
a. Financial capital
b. Human capital
c. Surplus capital
d. Enterprise capital

224. _____ compares each employee with a fixed standard rather than comparison with
other employees.
a. An objective method
b. Rating
c. Ranking
d. Job specialization

225. A performance appraisal system in which managers are evaluated by everyone

around them—their boss, their peers, and their subordinates is known as
a. employment at will.
b. 360-degree feedback.
c. source monitoring.
d. job evaluation.

226. Job _____ was developed as a limited approach specifically intended to increase
the total number of tasks workers perform. As a result, all workers perform a wide variety
of tasks, which presumably reduces the level of job dissatisfaction.
A. Enlargement
B. Rotation
C. Enrichment
D. specialization.

227. What is the leadership role in creating an agenda?

A. Planning and budgeting
B. Organizing and staffing
C. Controlling and problem solving
 D. Motivating
E. Establishing direction.

228. Which of the following is a Theory Y assumption?

a. Social processes do not influence the performance of workers.
b. People are not internally motivated to achieve their goals.
c. People do not naturally dislike work.
d. People perform better when they are threatened by the manager.
e. People prefer to be directed, to avoid responsibility, and to want security.

229. Scientific management focuses on

A. improving the performance of individual workers
B. increasing employee turnover
C. encouraging soldiering among employees
D. increasing overhead costs.

230. Which of the following draws from psychology, sociology, anthropology,

economics, and medicine?
a. Organizational behavior
b. Scientific management
c. Administrative management
d. Systems perspective
e. Contingency perspective

231. A company would begin to do business in another country only if the trade
relationships with that country are relatively well defined and stable. In the context of
general environment, which of the following does this point of view reflect?
a. Task
b. Economic
c. Technological
d. Political-legal
e. Competitive

232. Ryan, the production manager at the Tan Shoes Company, chose the cheapest
leather-cutting machine from a set of five machines from different manufacturers. Ryan
was engaged in _____.
A) decision making
B) optimizing
C) rationalizing
D) brainstorming
E) social loafing

233. A difference between tactical and strategic plans is that

a. tactical plans have a more concrete focus.
 b. tactical plans are set for and by the board of directors.
c. tactical plans have broader time horizons.
d. strategic plans are developed by first-line managers.
e. strategic plans deal with the day-to-day operations of an organization.

234. The more a manager uses coercive power, the more likely he is to encourage
a. sympathy.
b. good will.
c. resentment.
d. tolerance.

235. An appraisal of an organization's accounting and financial procedures conducted

by employees of that organization is known as a(n) _____ audit.
a. Internal
b. Debt
c. Ratio
d. external

236. DayCor has a detailed performance appraisal system. Employees must meet
minimally acceptable levels of performance and are rewarded based upon their individual
performance. DayCor most likely uses _____ control.
a. Strategic
b. Decentralized
c. Bureaucratic
d. Organic

237. Which of the following is a financial resource that flows into an organization?
a. Shareholder investments
b. Working capital
c. Retained earnings
d. Employee salaries

238. _____ control attempts to monitor the quality or quantity of resources before they
enter an organization.
a. Structural
b. Post-action
c. Preliminary
d. Screening

239. A highest-possible-quality strategy will stress on

a. the lowest possible cost regardless of quality.
b. quality regardless of cost.
c. low quality at low cost.
d. large quantities at low cost.
240. If the product is a physical good, operations create value and provide _____ utility
by combining many dissimilar inputs to make something that is more valuable than the
actual cost of the inputs used to create it.
a. Time
b. Form
c. Place
d. service

241. Why has the importance of cross-cultural leadership increased in today's times?
A. Because of improving profit margins.
B. Because of office politics.
C. Because of increasing unethical practices.
D. Because of the improving diversity ratios in workplaces.

242. What is the source of control for finished goods inventory?

a. Shop floor control systems
b. High-level production scheduling systems
c. Transportation
d. Distribution control systems
e. Purchasing models and systems

243. Which of the following is a defining characteristic of strategic leaders?

A. They understand the organization and recognize its superior alignment with the
environment.
B. They understand international differences and diversity-based differences within one
culture.
C. They transmit a sense of mission, stimulate learning experiences, and inspire new
ways of thinking.
D. They possess interpersonal attraction that inspires support and acceptance.

244. Which of the following is true of automation?

a. The development of automation has created jobs across all industries.
b. Automated machines make more errors.
c. Automation discourages innovation.
d. Automation helps to improve products and services.
e. Automation was the earliest step in the development of machines and machine-
controlling devices.

245. Which of the following statements is true about the contingency perspective?
A) It states that the organizations which are not influenced by their external environments
tend to be more successful than others.
B) It states that effective managerial behavior in one situation cannot always be
generalized to other situations.
 C) It states that all employees tend to perform better when they are promised higher
incentives.
D) It states that the behavior of employees at work is not influenced by social processes.
( hoặc họ có thể đổi câu hỏi lại tí: Which of the following statements about the
contingency perspective is true?)

246. How can political behavior in organizations be managed?

A. By discouraging any form of political behavior among employees.
B. By acknowledging that political behavior exists in virtually all organizations and that
it cannot be ignored or stamped out.
C. By hiring only employees who have no interest in engaging in political behavior.
D. By implementing strict rules and regulations to limit employees' autonomy.

247. Which emerging approach to leadership focuses on adaptability across cultures?

A. Ethical Leadership
B. Strategic Leadership
C. Political Leadership
D. Cross-Cultural Leadership

248. What is a key characteristic of transformational leaders?

A. Relying heavily on positional authority
B. Transmitting a sense of mission, stimulating learning experiences, and inspiring new
ways of thinking
C. Maintaining the status quo within the organization
D. Prioritizing short-term results

249. A change in reporting relationships within an organization is an example of change

in the area of
A. organization structure.
B. organizational operations.
C. work processes.
D. information technology.

250. Amazon introduced its "one-click ordering" system, simplifying the online
purchasing process for customers.
What type of innovation does Amazon's "oneclick ordering" primarily represent?
A. Radical Innovation
B. Process Innovation
C. Product Innovation
D. Managerial Innovation

251. A company implements a new project management software that streamlines

communication and task assignment among its teams, leading to increased efficiency and
collaboration. What type of innovation is the implementation of the new project
 management software?
A. Technical Innovation
B. Process Innovation
C. Product Innovation
D. Managerial Innovation

252. A manufacturing company is struggling with declining profits and customer

complaints about product quality. The management team realizes that their operations
resources are insufficient, leading to longer cycle times and inefficiencies in production.
What should be prioritized to improve overall efficiency and effectiveness?
A. Improving the operations control, resource acquisition and purchasing, and inventory
B. Reducing team communication
C. Enhancing sales tactics
D. Expanding the product line

253. Netflix's practice of offering unlimited vacation time to employees while

maintaining high performance standards represents which type of reward approach?
A. Nonmonetary incentive
B. Merit pay plan
C. Gainsharing program
D. Sales commission plan

254. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a need that is at the lower levels
of Maslow's Hierarchy?
A. It is essential for survival.
B. It is often difficult to satisfy.
C. It is easily met.
D. It can be a source of motivation.

255. When a retail store decides to stop giving out free samples to customers who
frequently return items, hoping that this will reduce the rate of returns, this represents:
A. Punishment
B. Extinction
C. Avoidance
D. Positive reinforcement

256. Which of the following strategies can be effective in managing political behavior
in organizations?
A. Encouraging competition among employees to reduce political behavior.
B. Providing rewards and incentives for engaging in political behavior.
C. Providing subordinates with autonomy, responsibility, challenge, and feedback.
D. Promoting an authoritarian leadership style to discourage political behavior.
257. What is the primary goal of operations management?
A. To minimize costs at all levels of production
B. To integrate resources efficiently to produce goods and services
C. To focus exclusively on customer satisfaction
D. To implement the latest technology across operations

258. Which of the following statements about administrative management is true?

A. It deals with the jobs of individual employees.
B. It was first introduced by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.
C. It focuses solely on combating soldiering.
D. It encompasses the concepts of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

259. Which of the following statements is true about strategic goals?

A. They are set by an organization's middle managers.
B. They are set by first-line managers.
C. They provide plans for the day-to-day operations of an organization.
D. They focus on broad and general issues.
E. Their focus is on short-term issues.

260. Which of the following statements is true in the context of decision making under a
condition of uncertainty?
A) A decision maker greatly relies on intuition, judgment, and experience.
B) A decision maker clearly knows all the risks associated with alternatives to a problem.
C) A decision maker puts in least effort and uses a pre-determined structure for decision
making.
D) A decision maker is able to estimate the payoffs and risks associated with alternatives.
E) A decision maker identifies only two alternatives to the decision situation.

261. Which of the following statements is true about first-line managers?

A) They are primarily responsible for implementing policies made by top managers.
B) They are typically involved in creating overall organizational strategies and goals.
C) They officially represent their organization to the external environment.
D) They typically spend a large proportion of their time supervising the work of their
subordinates.
E) They make decisions about activities such as acquiring other companies.

262. Improving the quality of products and services tends to increase

A. Inertia
B. Entropy
C. Latency
D. Productivity
E. Divestment
263. ___ encompasses the conversion processes used to transform inputs (such as
materials or information) into outputs (such as products or services).
A. Entropy
B. Technology
C. Synergy
D. Divestiture

264. _________ skills refer to the abilities of managers to think in the abstract.
A. Time management
B. Technical
C. Conceptual
D. Interpersonal

265. The needs for achievement, affiliation, and power are referred to as
A. Security
B. Manifest
C. Physiological
D. Esteem
E. Hygiene

266. In its simplest form, _____ means setting an organization's goals and deciding how
best to achieve them.
A coordinating
B. Leading
C. Organizing
D Controlling
E. Planning

267. The first step in rational decision making is _____.

A) identifying alternatives
B) implementing an alternative
C) selecting the best alternative
D) recognizing and defining the decision situation
E) evaluating alternatives

268. At Gamma Inc., there are separate departments of employees who specialize in
sales, service maintenance, customer service, and accounting. What form of
departmentalization does Gamma use?
A) Functional departmentalization
B) Product departmentalization
C) Location departmentalization
D) Customer departmentalization
269. The first organized approach to studying leadership focused on
A. leadership behavior.
B. leadership traits.
C. rewards expected.
D. situational favorableness.

270. ___ used to determine individual performance, can be challenging for a manager to
impart in an employee
A. Ability
B.Motivation
C. Work environment
D. Skills
E. Needs

271. Job ________________ attempts to increase both the number of tasks a worker
does and the control the worker has over the job.
A. Enlargement
B. Rotation
C. Enrichment
D. specialization.

272. _____ argues that behavior that results in rewarding consequences is likely to be
repeated, whereas behavior that results in punishing consequences is less likely to be
repeated
A) Equity theory
B) Reinforcement theory
C) Two-factor theory
D) Maslow's hierarchy
E) Expectancy theory

273. Once a licensing agreement is agreed to, the licensee pays a(n) _____ in return.
a. interest
b. royalty
c. remuneration
d. tariff
e. reward

274. _____ work in areas like new product development, promotion, and distribution.
A) Human resource
B) Marketing
C) Plant
D) Operations
275. ProDairy Inc reduced the prices of its products to combat competitors that were
selling dairy products at lower prices. This scenario illustrates a force for change present
in the ___ of an organization.
A. task environment
B. supply chain
C. intemal environment
D. demographic environment

276. Which of the following reinforcement methods can be used to weaken behaviors?
A. Recognition
B. Avoidance
C. Extinction
D. Participation
E. Pay raises.

277. The __ environment of an organization includes all the values, symbols, beliefs,
and language that guide behavior
A. Task
B. General
C. Physical work
D. Cultural.

278. Which of the following strategies can help companies during the maturity stage of
a product life cycle?
A) Manufacturing products in small quantities intermittently than in bulk
B) Drastically increasing product prices
C) Focusing on keeping costs low
D) Sacrificing the quality of products
E) Focusing more on strategies to slow the entry of competitors

279. At Delta Corp. the manufacturing and design department frequently consults with
the research and development department and the marketing and sales department
regularly interacts with the manufacturing and design department. This scenario
illustrates _____ at Delta.
A) coordination
B) delegation
C) job rotation
D) job specialization

280. Determining how a company's activities and resources are to be grouped is called
_____.
A) leading
B) controlling
C) deskilling
 D) planning
E) organizing

281. A typical responsibility of operations managers include:

A) inventory control.
B) sales promotion.
C) accounting.
D) employee development.

282. Which of the following is true about individual incentive plans?

A) They are focused to recognize efforts rather than individual performances.
B) They are used to provide individual performances with non monetary rewards.
C) They are most likely to be used when performance can be subjectively assessed.
D) They are used to reward individual performance on a real-time basis.

283. Vernique, a manager, consults with her subordinates and encourages their
involvement in the decision making process. Based on the path-goal theory, what kind of
leader behavior is Vernique exhibiting?
A) Job-oriented
B) Employee-centered
C) Achievement-oriented
D) Participative

284. In the context of SWOT analysis, which of the following would be considered as
an organization's strength?
a. Exiting competitors
b. High overhead costs
c. Favorable government policies d. Motivated employees
d. High employee turnover rate

285. Alba Inc. replaced old equipment with new and advanced production equipment in
all its plants. This is an example of a change in the area of
a. job design.
b. people.
c. organization culture.
d. technology and operations.
1. ___ suggests that organizational units (or subsystems) may often be more successful working together
than working alone.
A) Divestiture
B) Operations management
C) Synergy
D) Entropy
E) Soldiering

2. At Delta Corp. the manufacturing and design department frequently consults with the research and
development department and the marketing and sales department regularly interacts with the
manufacturing and design department. This scenario illustrates at Delta.
A. Coordination
B. Delegation
C. job rotation
D. job specialization

3. Nutrimax Inc. sponsors a football championship in Oriel in August every year. The championship is
organized by the Oriel Football Association (OFA) to encourage new talent, and Nutrimax bears all the
expenses incurred during the championship. The Oriel regional manager of Nutrimax sends across a
check to the OFA in July of each year in order for them to prepare for the championship. The regional
manager's decision about when to send the check to OFA is a(n) ___ decision.
A. Programmed
B. Unstructured
C. Intuitive
D. Contingency

4. Which of the following would be included in the management function of planning?

A. Selecting the course of action most likely to lead to success
B. Monitoring progress toward the achievement of goals
C. Motivating others to higher levels of achievement
D. Communicating company policies to subordinates
E. Organizing people and resources

5. The ___ lists the skills, abilities, and other credentials needed to do a job.
A. article of incorporation
B. job description
C. job specification
D. statement of qualification

6. Which of the following is an agreement among the United States, Canada, and Mexico to promote trade
with one another?
A. North American Free Trade Agreement
B. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
C. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
D. Transatlantic Free Trade Agreement

7. Relish Inc. is a large corporation in the food industry that manufactures canned foods, confectionery,
and baked foods. The organization has a separate department for each of these types of food
manufactured. Each department integrates all the activities required to manage its respective line of
food. Which of the following types of departmentalization is illustrated in the scenario?
A. Sequential
B. Customer
 C. Product
D. Location

8. Cheri and Aaron both wanted to work part time, and they found a lawyer who was willing to split one
full-time paralegal job between the two of them so that Cheri works mornings and Aaron works
afternoons. This
arrangement is known as
A. flextime.
B. participation.
C. job sharing.
D. reinforcement.

9. Sara is an efficient supervisor at a restaurant, which is part of a large national chain. She was recently
sent to a two-week educational course by her employer to help her get the skills she needs for promotion
to a higher management post. The human resource management concept illustrated in the scenario is
A. staffing
B. job rotation.
C. development.
D. training.

10. Zing Inc. is a large fashion brand that manufactures clothing and shoes. The top managers of Zing have
decided to use the profits from its clothing outlets to invest in the shoes business. This scenario
illustrates the component of a strategy.
A. resource deployment
B. scope
C. distinctive competence
D. process loss

11. Managers can overcome resistance to change by

A. not letting employees know about the change.
B. letting employees know about the change only after it has been successfully implemented
C. limiting the involvement of employees in the change process.
D. announcing the change much in advance.

12. The report issued about a major packaging defect showed a culture at an organization that did not listen
when small safety issues were raised. Each issue by itself might not have caused the flaw. This example
illustrates
A. the need to understand organizational complexity.
B. that changing conditions are influenced by innovation.
C. the need for control in order to reduce the accumulation of errors.
D. the way that control helps organizations respond to changing standards.

13. ___ is the process of attracting qualified persons to apply for jobs that are open.
A. Mentoring
B. Recruiting
C. Job analysis
D. Job evaluation

14. Which of the following strategies can help companies survive during the decline stage of the product life
cycle?
A. Increasing production costs
B. Manufacturing the products frequently and in smaller quantities
 C. Avoiding differentiation strategies
D. Developing new products or services

15. Tests of ability, skill, aptitude, or knowledge that is relevant to the particular job
A. are occasionally useful.
B. are usually the best predictors of job success.
C. are not as valuable as tests of general intelligence.
D. are not as useful as personality tests.
16. Upsilon Inc. manufactures leather handbags. It later adds leather accessories, shoes, and clothing to its
production line. With this step, Upsilon is taking a ___ decision.
A. Layout
B. promotion-distribution
C. Capacity
D. product-service mix
17. Vernique, a manager, consults with her subordinates and encourages their involvement in the decision
making process. Based on the path-goal theory, what kind of leader behavior is Vernique exhibiting?
A. Job-oriented
B. Employee-centered
C. Achievement-oriented
D. Participative

18. ___ is a commitment to finding and using the best theory and data available at the time to make a
decision.
A. Rational decision making
B. Classical decision making
C. Rational management
D. Evidence-based management

19. ___ skills refer to a manager's ability to prioritize work, to work efficiently, and to delegate work
appropriately.
A. Time management
B. Technical
C. Conceptual
D. Interpersonal
E. communication
20. Atlantia is a German company that manufactures dishwashers in Germany. Its products are sold in the
United States. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
A. Atlantia is exporting its products to the United States.
B. Atlantia has a license agreement with the United States.
C. Atlantia is importing its products from the United States.
D. Atlantia wholly owns subsidiaries of the firm in the United States.

21. Which of the following statements about administrative management is true?

A. It deals with the jobs of individual employees.
B. It was first introduced by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.
C. It focuses solely on combating soldiering
D. It encompasses the concepts of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
22. Which of the following is an example of a good leader in the context of business?
A. A person who relies on force to lead people
B. A person who disobeys authority
C. A person who is efficient and does not delegate his or her duties
D. A person who can influence others
23. Gadgetbug Inc. is known for its extremely efficient after-purchase service. None of Gadgetbug's
competitors provide the same kind of customer service. Gadgetbug's ___ is described in the scenario.
A. Scope
B. divestiture strategy
C. strategic limitation
D. process loss
E. distinctive competence
24. Working a full forty-hour week in fewer than the traditional five days is called
A. job sharing.
B. flextime.
C. a nine-eighty schedule.
D. a compressed work schedule.
25. The term span of management refers to the
A. extent to which authority is delegated at the individual level
B. extent to which authority is systematically delegated to middle and lower levels of management.
C. number of people reporting to a particular manager.
D. process of grouping jobs according to some logical pattern.
E. number of managers assigned to a department.
26. When organizations relate to their environments in ways that involve ethical dilemmas and decisions,
these situations are said to fall within the context of the organization's ___ responsibility.
A. Legal
B. Ethical
C. Social
D. cultural
27. The ___ budget shows the anticipated differences between sales or revenue and expenses.
A. Expense
B. Profit
C. Labor
D. capital expenditure
28. After being laid off from his job, Joe recognized three options he could choose from before he could
secure a new job: to spend less, to use savings, or to use credit. He went over every aspect of his budget,
and could not find any area where he could make a cut. Therefore, the option to spend less was
immediately eliminated because
A. it was not satisfactory.
B. it had negative consequences.
C. it was not feasible.
D. it was not bounded in reality.
29. Libra Technologies Inc. frequently asks its employees to measure such things as supervisor
effectiveness. The company circulates various questionnaires among all its employees to get their
insights. Which organization development is illustrated in the scenario?
A) Third-party peacemaking
B) Survey feedback
C) Team building
D) Process consultation
E) Force-field analysis
30. It was recently announced that Libra Inc. settled a lawsuit for $75 million. In the context of the rational
decision-making model, when executives of the company announced that the settlement proved to be
"typical and fair" as compared to similar cases, they were
A. developing a set of rational alternatives.
B. evaluating the possible alternatives.
C. consulting with other decision makers.
 D. recognizing and defining the decision situation.
E. following up and evaluating the results of a chosen alternative.
31. Which of the following inventory types provides the components needed to make the product?
A. Raw materials
B. Work-in-process
C. Merchandise
D. Finished goods
32. At Gamma Inc., there are separate departments of employees who specialize in sales, service
maintenance, customer service, and accounting. What form of departmentalization does Gamma use?
A. Functional departmentalization
B. Product departmentalization
C. Location departmentalization
D. Customer departmentalization
33. The top managers at Redd Inc. are developing a plan to reduce the production costs of the company. By
reducing costs, Redd wants to gain a competitive advantage of cost leadership. The plan being
developed in this scenario is a(n) ___ plan.
A. Strategic
B. Tactical
C. Operational
D. Contingency
34. When large firms merge, the results are often initially disappointing due to control systems trying to
cope with a(n)
A. rise in error accumulation.
B. increase in organizational complexity.
C. lack of environmental change.
D. increase in costs.

35. As a process, leadership can be defined as

A. the practice of empowering employees to participate in organizational decision making
B. the set of characteristics attributed to individuals who are perceived to be leaders.
C. the use of noncoercive influence to shape an organization's goals.
D. the ability to assess business process performance.
36. What is one of the strengths of the bureaucratic model?
A. Favoritism and bias are minimized
B. It is easier to change rules when circumstances change.
C. Once rules are understood, it is easier to make exceptions.
D. There is a higher level of fiexibility.
E. More attentions is paid to the human and social processes.
37. A typical responsibility of operations managers includes
A. inventory control.
B. sales promotion.
C. Accounting
D. employee development
38. Alpha Corp. has divided its business into a number of sub units. This organization change is an example
of change in the area of
A. people.
B. operations.
C. structure and design.
D. social responsibility.
39. Alex, one of the proprietors of Atlas Corp. is worried. The stock market was not doing well,
unemployment was 10 percent, inflation was on the rise again, and government debt was still increasing.
These concerns of
 Alex are related to the ___ dimension of the general environment of Atlas Corp.
A. Economic
B. Sociocultural
C. Technological
D. Political
40. A (n) ___ occurs when an employee's decision potentially benefits the individual to the possible
detriment of the organization.
A. loss of confidence
B. conflict of interest
C. security breach
D. violation of organizational culture
41. ___ are probably the largest group of managers in most organizations, and are primarily responsible for
implementing the policies and plans of an organization.
A. Middle managers
B. Top managers
C. The members of the board of directors
D. First-line managers
42. ___ compares each employee with a fixed standard rather than comparison with other employees.
A. An objective method
B. Rating
C. Ranking
D. Job specialization
43. A (n) ___ is an internal skill or capability that does not enable a company to choose and implement
strategies that support its mission.
A. organizational weakness
B. organizational threat
C. market threat
D. process gain
44. Which of the following is true about individual incentive plans?
A. They are focused to recognize efforts rather than individual performances.
B. They are used to provide individual performances with nonmonetary rewards.
C. They are most likely to be used when performance can be subjectively assessed.
D. They are used to reward individual performance on a real-time basis.
45. The first step in rational decision making is
A. identifying alternatives.
B. implementing an alternative.
C. selecting the best alternative.
D. recognizing and defining the decision situation.
E. evaluating alternatives.
46. ___ argues that behavior that results in rewarding consequences is likely to be repeated, whereas
behavior that results in punishing consequences is less likely to be repeated.
A. Equity theory
B. Reinforcement theory
C. Two-factor theory
D. Maslow's hierarchy
E. Expectancy theory
47. In the context of the Ohio state studies of leadership, a leader showing consideration behavior
A. attempts to establish a warm, friendly, and supportive climate at the workplace.
B. clearly defines the leader-subordinate role so that everyone knows what is expected of them.
C. establishes formal lines of communication, and determines how tasks will be performed.
D. is primarily interested in the performance of the employees.
48. Carolyn, a manager, discusses and reasons with the Board of Directors of her company until they agree
to let her try her new strategic plan for a trial period. Carolyn is using ___ in the given situation.
A. an obligation
B. Persuasion
C. Coercion
D. passive aggression
49. Aep of the organization change process of i compart sales by 50 percent in the next two years, Identity
the
A. Recognition of the need for change
B. Establishment of goals for the change
C. Selection of appropriate change technique
D. Planning for implementation of the change
50. An example of a force for change in the task environment of an organization is
A. pricing strategies of competitors.
B. employee turnover rates.
C. capital availability.
D. employee motivation.
51. What is the source of control for finished goods inventory?
A. Shop floor control systems
B. High-level production scheduling systems
C. Transportation
D. Distribution control systems
52. Which of the following types of operations control relies heavily on feedback processes?
A. Strategic control
B. Financial control
C. Preliminary control
D. Screening control

53. An organization's ___ is a statement of its fundamental, unique purpose that sets a business apart from
other firms of its type and identifies the scope of the business's operations in product and market terms.
A) mission
B) statement of qualification
C) article of incorporation
D) operational goal
E) tactical plan
54. Which of the following draws from psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, and medicine?
A) Organizational behavior
B) Scientific management
C) Administrative management
D) Systems perspective
E) Contingency perspective
55. Which of the following statements is true about the decision-making process?
A. It exclusively applies to problem situations.
B. It requires that the nature of a particular situation be defined.
C. It seldom applies to situations that are positive.
D. It typically involves only one individual and seldom applies to groups.
E. It results in the generation of only one alternative.
56. ___ is the process by which a manager assigns a portion of his or her total workload to others.
A) Micromanagement
B) Delegation
C) Entropy
 D) Synergy
E) Centralization
57. A manager expends extra effort because she has been told that she will get a $50,000 bonus if her team
meets their quota. She also feels stress because she has been informed that she will be put on probation
if she does not get her team to perform above last year's total. Which of the following does this scenario
illustrate?
A) Equity theory
B) Maslow's esteem needs
C) Two-factor theory
D) Performance-to-outcome expectancy
E) The Porter-Lawler extension
58. Pete, a manager, embraces the job characteristics approach. Pete thinks that when his employees have
more control over how their work is performed, they do better. Which characteristic is Pete
emphasizing?
a. Feedback
b. task identity
c. task significance
d. Autonomy
e. skill variety
59. A coffee shop refuses to employ servers over 45 years old. This illustrates
A. confirmatory bias.
B. affirmative action.
C. a direct form of discrimination.
D. equal employment opportunity.
60. Which of the following is a financial resource that flows into an organization?
A. Shareholder investments
B. Working capital
C. Retained earnings
D. Employee salaries
61. In contrast to strategic plans, tactical plans must
A. specify resources and time frames.
B. be developed independently of the internal business environment.
C. be developed independently of the external business environment.
D. be more general and broadly based.
62. Ken is a newly hired police officer. He has been asked to spend a workday with a more experienced
officer to learn about paperwork, how to handle accident scenes, how to interact with people, and other
duties that he will be expected to perform. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in the scenario?
A) Performance appraisal
B) The assessment center method
C) Training manuals
D) On-the-job training
E) The lecture method
63. Which of the following is a part of an organization's external environment?
A. Board of directors
B. Physical work environment
C. Inflation
D. Organization's culture
E. Employees
64. Which of the following perspectives on motivation concerns "what" motivates people rather than "how"
they are motivated?
A) Reinforcement
B) Process
 C) Content
D) Equity
E) Expectancy
65. Amelia believes that if she tries hard to eliminate distractions and concentrate on her work, she will
learn to do her job more efficiently. Amelia has:
A) low effort-to-performance expectancy.
B) moderate performance-to-outcome expectancy.
C) low performance-to-outcome expectancy.
D) high effort-to-performance expectancy.
E) moderate effort-to-performance expectancy.
66. In the two-factor theory, the factors that influence the satisfaction continuum, which are related
specifically to work content, are called ___ factors.
a. esteem
b. security
c. environmental
d. motivation
67. Which of the following is the first step in human resource planning?
A. Assessing external and internal trends
B. Predicting demand
C. Forecasting supply
D. Comparing future demand and internal supply
68. Quality control is a type of ___ control.
A. Operations
B. Physical
C. Human
D. Information
E. Financial
69. According to the Managerial Grid, a manager who exhibits impoverished management
A. has little concern for people or for work performance.
B. is an effective leader with much concern for people.
C. has a lot of concern for people and for work performance.
D. has a lot of concern for people, but little concern for work performance.
70. Samantha is responsible for building the day-to-day work schedules for her subordinates. She assigns
specific tasks to her subordinates and designs activities according to the objectives that she receives
from her seniors. Samantha works on ___ plans.
A) Operational
B) organizational
C) strategic
D) divestiture
E) tactical
71. ___ layouts are used in operations settings that create or process a variety of products.
A. Product
B. Cellular
C. Random
D. Process
72. EBM suggests treating the organization as an unfinished prototype, which means what?
A. Face the hard facts
B. Encourage experimentation and learning by doing.
C. Build a culture in which people tell the truth.
D. Get the best evidence and use it to guide actions.
E. Avoid decisions based on untested beliefs.
73. One advantage of group decision making is:
A. groupthink.
B. saved time.
C. more acceptance of the final decision.
D. lowered cost of decision making.
74. Alba Inc. replaced old equipment with new and advanced production equipment in all its plants. This is
an example of a change in the area of ___.
A) job design
B) people
C) organization culture
D) line-staff structure
E) technology and operations.
75. Which stage of the Lewin model of organization change involves managers letting people who will be
affected by an impending change know the reasons for the change?
A) Implementing
B) Recognizing
C) Refreezing
D) Transforming
E) Unfreezing
76. Which of the following strategies will help companies succeed during the growth stage of a product
cycle?
A) Increasing overhead costs
B) Focusing on developing new products or services
C) Sacrificing product quality
D) Focusing on creating product differentiation
E) Increasing product prices significantly
77. Substantive modification to some part of an organization is known as organization ___
A. synergy.
B. maturity.
C. implementation.
D. change.
78. In human resource management, ___ usually refers to teaching operational or technical employees how
to do the job for which they were hired. .
A) job rotation
B) job specialization
C) development
D) training
E) deskilling
79. Durban Cafe takes one order at a time and customizes the coffee as per the customer's requirement . The
cafe uses ___ technology.
A) small-batch
B) mass-production
C) continuous-process
D) standardized process
E) large-batch
80. During the introduction phase of the product life cycle
A. companies must sacrifice product quality.
B. most companies tend to downsize.
C. demand may be very high.
D. competition is at its peak.
81. Which of the following statements is true about the contingency perspective?
A) It states that the organizations which are not influenced by their external environments tend to be
 more successful than others.
B) It states that effective managerial behavior in one situation cannot always be generalized to other
situations.
C) It states that all employees tend to perform better when they are promised higher incentives.
D) It states that the behavior of employees at work is not influenced by so
82. The more a manager uses coercive power, the more likely he is to encourage
A. sympathy.
B. good will.
C. resentment
D. tolerance.
83. Which of the following is a concern of the technological dimension of an organization's general
environment?
A. Organization's policies and practices
B. Inflation, interest rates, and unemployment
C. Tools, methods, and technology
D. Govemment regulations
84. A corporate ___ that is relatively passive performs a general oversight function without getting actively
involved in how the company is run.
A. council of strategic partners
B. board of directors
C. regulators directorate
D. whistle-blowing committee
85. Which of the following is an effective way of overcoming resistance to change?
A. Allowing employees to participate in the change process
B. Fostering an environment of uncertainty in the organization
C. Announcing the change only after it has been implemented
D. Minimizing communication among employees
86. Which of the following is an effective way of overcoming resistance to change?
A) Using micromanagement techniques
B) Using facilitation techniques
C) Using deskilling techniques
D) Limiting employee involvement in the change process
E) Minimizing communication

87. Which of the following is an accurate difference between the task environment and the general
environment?
a. The general environment is quite complex, whereas the task environment is very simple.
b. The task environment provides useful information more readily than the general environment.
c. The task environment deals with more abstract dimensions than the general environment.
d. The general environment's impact is short term, whereas that of the task environment is long term.
88. Karl is fond of saying, "Remember, half the doctors you see graduated in the bottom of their class." Karl
is attempting to limit the ___ power of physicians
A) expert
B) legitimate
C) referent
D) reward
E) coercive
89. ___ is used by managers to weaken undesired behaviors by creating unpleasant consequences.
A) Recognition
B) Extinction
C) Avoidance
 D) Punishment
E) Incentive
90. Sam, the CEO of a company, has the power to take decisions related to resource allocations. His power
is mainly derived from his position in the company. Which power is best demonstrated in the given
scenario?
A) Coercive
B) Reward
C) Legitimate
D) Expert
E) Referent.
91. In___, the output of one unit becomes the input for another in a serial fashion.
A pooled interdependence
B. sequential interdependence
C. structural interdependence
D. reciprocal interdependence
92. Organizations that manage diversity effectively often have
A. lower levels of productivity and turnover.
B. higher levels of productivity and turnover.
C. lower levels of turnover and absenteeism.
D. higher levels of turnover and absenteeism.
E. higher levels of productivity and absenteeism.
93. A business manufactures top-of-the-line cabinets. The ___ dimension of its general environment
includes computer-assisted design software that helps to convert wood and people's idea into lovely,
functional cabinets.
A. Legal
B. Sociocultural
C. Technological
D. Political
E. economic
94. Punishment involves the use of ___ power.
A. Legitimate
B. Reward
C. Referent
D. Coercive
95. Ryan, the production manager at the Tan Shoes Company, chose the cheapest leather-cutting machine
from a set of five machines from different manufacturers. Ryan was engaged in ___.
A) decision making
B) optimizing
C) rationalizing
D) brainstorming
E) social loafing
96. A change in an organization's culture is an example of change in the area of ___.
A) organization structure
B) organizational operations
C) work processes
D) information technology
97. _____ can be defined as a set of activities directed at an organization's resources, with the aim of
achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner.
A) Economics
B) Job de-skilling
C) Management
D) Self-dealing
98. Employment requirements such as test scores and other qualifications are legally defined as having a(n)
___ on minorities and women when such individuals meet or pass the requirement at a rate less than 80
percent of the rate of majority group members.
A. affirmative action
B. adverse impact
C. confirmatory action
D. divergent impact
99. Which of the following is the role of top managers in an organization?
A. Overseeing day-to-day operations
B. Performing routine administrative tasks
C. Implementing plans of first-line managers
D. Creating organizational goals and overall strategy
E. Coordinating the work of first-line managers
100. What is the management role in executing plans?
A. Organizing and staffing
B. Controlling and problem solving
C. Motivating and inspiring
D. Establishing direction
101. Consumer tastes and preferences are ___ forces that influence an organization's product line.
A. Technical
B. Internal
C. Managerial
D. Extemal
102. Operational goals are concerned with
A. shorter-term issues associated with the tactical goals.
B. longer-term issues associated with the tactical goals.
C. shorter-term issues associated with the strategic plan.
D. longer-term issues associated with the strategic plan.
E. longer-term issues associated with the operational plan.
103. Which of the following is true of business process changes?
A. Business process change should not be carried out during a phase of entropy.
B. Business process change requires a careful blend of top-down and bottom-up involvement.
C. Centralization must be adopted by the top management for the business process change to be
successful.
D. Employee participation should be minimal during a business process change.
104. Which of the following accurately describes the responsibility of a corporate board of directors?
A. Exerting considerable influence by using the media to call attention to their positions
B. Helping the company get the expertise they lack from other companies
C. Ensuring the firm is run to best serve the stockholders' interests
D. Gaining legal property rights to the business by buying stock
E. Protecting the public from certain business practices or to protect organizations from one another
105. Alpha Electronics assembles different parts to make standardized laptops along an assembly line.
Alpha Electronics uses ___ technology.
A. job rotation
B. mass-production
C. Unit
D. continuous-process
106. Following the accidental release of a batch of phones that failed screening control, a
manufacturer of mobile phones decides to replace all such phones at no cost to the user-even taking care
of shipping and delivery. Which step in the control process does this example represent?
A. Taking corrective action
B. Measuring performance
 C. Comparison of performance to standards
D. Setting performance standards
E. Changing standards
107. ___ is a systematized procedure for collecting and recording information about jobs within an
organization.
A. Job analysis
B. Job evaluation
C. Job specialization
D. Job enrichment
108. Windmere allows its administrative employees to arrive any time between 7:00 a.m. and 9:00
a.m., and to leave any time between 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m., as long as they work an eight-hour day.
This arrangement is known as
A. empowerment.
B. compressed work schedule.
C. a nine-eighty schedule.
D. flextime.
E. traditional schedule.
109. Where does an organization's culture originate?
A. Societal norms and expectations
B. Pressure applied through mergers
C. With the organization's founder
D. Resolution of disputes between rival factions
E. Government regulation of the specific industry
110. ___ skills refer to the abilities of managers to think in the abstract, understand the overall
workings of the organization and its environment, to grasp how all the parts of the organization fit
together, and to view the organization in a holistic manner.
A) Time management
B) Technical
C) Conceptual
D) Interpersonal
111. In the rational decision-making model, once the alternatives have been evaluated, the next step is
to
A. select the best alternative.
B. implement the chosen alternative.
C. evaluate the results of the chosen alternative.
D. identify the available alternatives.
112. What is the basic assumption of situational approaches to leadership?
A. Increasing worker job satisfaction through considerate leadership will get the best results.
B. Initiating structure for employees so they know exactly what needs to be done will be most effective.
C. The appropriate leader style will vary from one set of circumstances to another.
D. Effective leaders can be identified by certain traits.
113. In the context of SWOT analysis, which of the following would be considered as an
organization's strength?
A. Exiting competitors
B. High overhead costs
C. Favorable government policies
D. Motivated employees
114. SuperWheels is a large firm that manufactures bicycles. The company sells a line of mountain
bikes targeted at experienced off-road bikers. SuperWheels has introduced several innovations to set its
bikes off from those of its competitors. Which of the following strategies is illustrated in the scenario?
A. Overall cost leadership strategy
B. Differentiation strategy
 C. Focus strategy with differentiation focus
D. Focus strategy with cost leadership focus
E. Cost leadership strategy with differentiation focus
115. ___ focuses on how much people want something and how likely they think they are to get it.
A. Maslow's hierarchy
B. Two-factor theory
C. Expectancy theory
D. Reinforcement theory
116. Which of the following is true of automation?
A. The development of automation has created jobs across all industries.
B. Automated machines make more errors.
C. Automation discourages innovation.
D. Automation helps to improve products and services.
117. Managers sometimes decide to do something because it feels right or they have a hunch. This is
an example of using ___ in decision making.
A. satisficing
B. rationality
C. intuition
D. optimization
118. Determining how a company's activities and resources are to be grouped is called
A. leading.
B. controlling
C. divesting
D. planning.
E. Organizing.
119. In expectancy theory, raises, promotions, stress and resentment are all ___ of an individual's
behaviors.
A. Factors
B. Motivations
C. Reinforcements
D. outcomes
120. When a manager writes an email to his employees that provides details about the upcoming
annual company picnic, he is most likely to be using his ___ skills.
A. communication
B. Technical
C. Conceptual
D. Interpersonal
121. PDC Industries wants to move away from a job specialization approach. For one of its product
lines, it has given the group the responsibility to design the work system to be used, including assigning
tasks and monitoring and controlling its own performance. What approach is this?
A. Job rotation
B. Work teams
C. Functional departmentalization
D. Job enlargement
122. Myrtle Wines, a chain of wine retailers, has prepared guidelines that clearly specify how
employees should interact with suppliers, customers, competitors, and other people associated with their
business. These guidelines are documented and distributed at all Myrtle outlets. The guidelines prepared
by Myrtle forms its
A. business plan.
B. strategic plan.
C. code of ethics.
D. licensing agreement.
123. Which of the following is an example of a direct form of discrimination?
A. An organization intentionally seeking and hiring employees from groups that are underrepresented in
the organization
B. An organization refusing to promote employees belonging to an ethnic minority into management
C. An organization hiring professionals based on their experience and skills
D. An organization using employment tests that men pass at a higher rate than women

124. In decision making, a condition of ___ exists when a decision maker knows what the alternatives
are and what conditions are associated with each alternative.
A Risk
B. Uncertainty
C. Certainty
D. Ambivalence
E. Imperfect information
125. Brenda, a senior engineer at Machineworks Inc., sets herself difficult goals and assumes personal
responsibility for the performance of her subordinates. Brenda most likely has a high need for
A. achievement.
B. affiliation.
C. esteem.
D. security
126. Which of the following statements is true about tactical goals?
A. Their focus is on how to operationalize actions necessary to achieve strategic goals.
B. Their focus is on broad and long-term issues such as increasing the profitability of the organization
over a
period of time.
C. They are set for and by top managers.
D. They are set for and by the board of directors.
E. They are broad and nonspecific.
127. ___ leader behavior, identified by the path-goal theory, primarily involves being friendly and
approachable, showing concern for subordinate welfare, and treating members as equals.
A. Directive
B. Achievement-oriented
C. Task-oriented
D. Supportive
128. ___ involves selecting a course of action from a set of alternatives.
A. Divesting
B. Controlling
C. Leading
D. Decision making
E. Organizing
129. A(n) ___ decision is a decision that is relatively structured or recurs with some frequency (or
both).
A. custom-made
B. novel
C. unstructured
D. intuitive
E. programmed
130. Two or more companies that work together in joint ventures or other partnerships are called
what?
A. Strategic partners
B. Competitors
C. Customers
 D. Regulators
E. Suppliers
131. In organizations, sales forecasting, economic forecasting, and environmental analysis are
examples of the control of. _ resources.
A. physical
B. human
C. information
D. financial
E. inventory
132. ___ is power that has been legitimized by the organization.
A. Entropy
B. Process gain
C. Synergy
D. Authority
133. In general, while identifying alternatives, the more important the decision,
A. the more alternatives should be generated.
B. the less the chances of managers making the right decision.
C. the less the time needed to make the decision.
D. the more the tendency of managers to ignore intuitions.
134. A company has built a new manufacturing plant to increase production. This scenano illustrates
which step in the Lewin model of organization change?
A. Unfreezing
B. Entropy
C. Reengineering
D. Implementation
135. Which of the following actions represents an attempt to manage social responsibility through
ethical compliance?
A. Requiring top financial managers to ensure compliance with securities and banking regulations
B. Donating money to fund the performing arts
C. Creating a committee to review policies concerning selection of new hires and promotion of
employees
D. Consulting the legal department regarding the requirements of a particular law
136. An American company is in a joint venture with an overseas Middle East company. The U.S.
managers are particular about time management and appointments for conference calls and meetings.
However, their overseas Middle Eastern counterparts are not conditioned the same way and don't
necessarily adhere to schedules. This variation in time management is an aspect of their
___environment.
A. Legal
B. Cultural
C. Technological
D. political
137. ___ reflects an organization's investment in attracting, retaining, and motivating an effective
workforce.
A. Financial capital
B. Human capital
C. Surplus capital
D. Enterprise capital
138. In ___ technology, raw materials are transformed to a finished product by a series of machine
transformations in such a way that the composition of the materials themselves is changed.
A. product-customization
B. large-batch
 C. mass-production
D. continuous-process
139. Alpha Motors Inc. was affected by the recession in 2008. The company had to make extensive
changes to its organizational structure and design. This scenario illustrates how ___ forces lead
management to make changes.
A. Technical
B. Regulatory
C. External
D. Legal
E. internal
140. ___ is an ideal method for training employees in group decision making.
A. Vestibule training
B. Programmed learning
C. Role-playing
D. The lecture method
141. ___ is the financial remuneration given by an organization to its employees in exchange for their
work.
A. Progression
B. Compensation
C. An intangible benefit
D. Insurance
142. ___ refers to the methods by which strategies are operationalized or executed within the
organization; it focuses on the processes through which strategies are achieved.
A. Strategy implementation
B. Strategy mapping
C. Strategy formulation
D. Strategy visualization
143. If the product is a physical good, operations create value and provide ___ utility by combining
many dissimilar inputs to make something that is more valuable than the actual cost of the inputs used to
create it.
A. Time
B. Form
C. Place
D. service
144. Strategic plans :
A focus on how to operationalize actions necessary to achieve goals.
B. are concerned more with actually getting things done than with deciding what to do.
C. have a short-term focus and are relatively narrow in scope, dealing with a fairly small set of activities.
D. typically involve upper and middle management and have a somewhat shorter time horizon and a
more
specific and concrete focus.
E. generally have an extended time horizon, and address questions of scope, resource deployment,
competitive advantage, and synergy.
145. What are the three steps in the Lewin model?
A. Recognizing, planning, implementing
B. Unfreezing, implementing, refreezing
C. Unfreezing, goal setting, refreezing
D. Unfreezing, refreezing, evaluating
146. As a property, leadership can be best defined as
A. the practice of empowering employees to participate in organizational decision making
B. a set of belief that supports the practice of interpersonal risk taking in teams.
 C. the ability to shape employee behavior without using force.
D. a set of characteristics found in people who can influence the behavior of others.
147. Ralph Corp. and Swan Inc. have entered into an arrangement in which Ralph sells Swan's
merchandise in its stores, and Swan promotes Ralph stores in its advertisements. In this context, which
of the following best describes the relationship between Ralph Corp. and Swan Inc.?
A. They are competitors.
B. Ralph is Swan's supplier.
C. Swan is Ralph's supplier.
D. They are strategic partners.
148. The first step in the control process is
A. modifying control standards.
B. comparing performance against standards.
C. measuring performance.
D. establishing control standards.
149. Pat saw an advertisement for a job opening that she thought she might be suited for. She went to
the company's website to look at the job description in order to find out the
A. skills of existing employees.
B. tools, materials, and equipment she would have to use to perform the job.
C. educational background required of applicants.
D. personal profile of a supervisor.
150. Housing, clothing, and job security would all be included in which of Maslow's need categories?
A. Security
B. Physiological
C. Belongingness
D. Self-actualization
E. Esteem
151. ___ managers work in areas such as new product development, promotion, and distribution.
A. Human resources
B. Marketing
C. Plant
D. Operations
152. ___ is the process of managing operations control, resource acquisition and purchasing, and
inventory to improve overall efficiency and effectiveness.
A. Supply-chain management
B. Technology management
C. Design management
D. Quality control
153. A(n) ___ is an operational plan that is developed to carry out a course of action that is not likely
to be repeated in the future.
A. Policy
B. standing plan
C. rule or regulation
D. single-use plan
154. Which of the following helps make the management process efficient?
A. Increasing overhead production costs
B. Using resources in a cost-effective manner
C. Using micromanagement techniques
D. Using the majority of resources for sales promotion activities
155. Which of the following is true of organizational control?
A. Control always results in higher costs for an organization.
B. Sales and marketing forecasting is a part of financial control.
C. Control can help an organization adapt to environmental change.
 D. Control systems increase organizational complexity.
E. Public relations is a part of human resources control.
156. At Omega Inc., a fixed amount of money is added to the salaries of employees if their
performance exceeds a predetermined level of expectation. A smaller portion of the amount is added if
the employees' performances just meet the expected level. Omega is most likely to be motivating their
employees with ___.
A) incentives
B) intangible benefits
C) rankings
D) progressions
E) appraisals
157. Which of the following can help make the reengineering process more effective?
A. Limiting communication
B. Creating a sense of urgency in the organization
C. Adopting a highly centralized organizational structure
D. Refraining from making extensive changes
158. Which of the following is a situational leadership model?
A. Trait approach
B. Ohio State studies
C. Michigan studies
D. Path-goal theory
E. Leadership Grid
159. When a manager answers a subordinate's question regarding the process of creating a report from
raw data, he is relying on his ___ skills.
A) abstract
B) technical
C) time management
D) decision-making
E) spatial
160. Martha is given a new office and a new job title as recognition for her accomplishment over her
years of service to the organization. She is satisfied with the recognition and respect from her
colleagues. This portrays that the organization is addressing her ___ needs.
A. Security
B. Physiological
C. Belongingness
D. Self-actualization
E. Esteem
161. _____ is the ability to affect the behavior of others.
A. Power
B. Discipline
C. Function
D. Potential
162. A performance appraisal system in which managers are evaluated by everyone around them-their
boss, their peers, and their subordinates is known as ___.
A) employment at will
B) 360-degree feedback
C) source monitoring
D) job evaluation
E) job specialization
163. A(n) ___ is a management model of organization design based on a legitimate and formal system
of authority.
A. Adhocracy
 B. Bureaucracy
C. Entropy
D. Autocracy
164. In the systems perspective, ___ emphasizes the importance of working together in a cooperative
and coordinated fashion.
A) synergy
B) entropy
C) contingency
D) diversity
E) uniformity
165. ___ techniques are methods that diversified organizations use to determine in which businesses
to engage and how to manage these businesses to maximize corporate performance.
A) Divestiture
B) Portfolio management
C) Process gain
D) Deskilling
E) Entropy
166. The radical redesign of all aspects of an organization in order to achieve major gains in cost
reduction, service delivery, or reduction in order-processing time is known as ___.
A) entropy
B) process change
C) innovation
D) reengineering
E) system change
167. ___ was developed to increase the total number of tasks workers perform. As a result, all
workers perform a wide variety of tasks, which presumably reduces the level of job dissatisfaction.
A) Job enlargement
B) Job rotation
C) Job enrichment
D) Job specialization
E) Job deskilling
168. What is the leadership role in creating an agenda?
A. Planning and budgeting
B. Organizing and staffing
C. Controlling and problem solving
D. Motivating
E. Establishing direction
169. In ___, the jobs do not change, but instead workers move from job to job.
A) job rotation
B) job specialization
C) job enrichment
D) job deskilling
E) job enlargement
170. ___ make decisions about activities such as investing in research and development (R&D) and
entering or abandoning various markets.
A) Division heads
B) Limited partners
C) First-line managers
D) Middle managers
E) Top managers
171. Which of the following reinforcement methods can be used to weaken behaviors?
A) Recognition
 B) Avoidance
C) Extinction
D) Participation
E) Pay raises
172. A(n) ___ strategy requires small cash outlay, is heavily regulated by government, and does not
require modification to products for local conditions.
a. importing
b. licensing
c. joint venture
d. direct investment
e. offshoring
173. A management process is considered to be effective when:
A) overhead production costs are increased.
B) the right decisions are made and implemented.
C) decisions are made independently of the organization's external environment.
D) the same amount of resources are allocated to all the functions of the organization.
E) the organization is highly centralized
174. One of the titles found in the group of middle managers is ___.
A) director
B) vice president
C) supervisor
D) office manager
E) plant manager
175. Which of the following statements is true about top managers?
A) They are the largest group of managers in most organizations.
B) They officially represent their organization to the external environment.
C) They primarily oversee the day-to-day operations of an organization.
D) They supervise and coordinate the activities of first-line managers.

176. A common middle-management title is:

A) chief executive officer.
B) division head.
C) supervisor.
D) office manager.
E) coordinator.
177. First-line managers:
A) are primarily responsible for implementing the policies and plans developed by top managers.
B) make decisions about activities such as acquiring other companies.
C) officially represent their organization to the external environment.
D) create organizational goals.
E) handle administrative duties
178. Which of the following statements is true about first-line managers?
A) They are primarily responsible for implementing policies made by top managers.
B) They are typically involved in creating overall organizational strategies and goals.
C) They officially represent their organization to the external environment.
D) They typically spend a large proportion of their time supervising the work of their subordinates.
179. One of the titles found in the group of first-line managers is ___.
A) chief executive officer
B) coordinator
C) division head
D) general manager
E) plant superintendent
180. Typical responsibilities of operations managers include:
A) inventory control.
B) sales promotion.
C) accounting.
D) employee development.
E) benefit systems development.
181. ___ are typically involved in recruiting and selecting employees, training and development,
designing compensation and benefit systems, formulating performance appraisal systems, and
discharging low-performing and problem employees.
A) Operations managers
B) Human resource managers
C) Plant managers
D) Marketing managers
E) Finance managers
182. ___ work at getting consumers and clients to buy the organization's products or services.
A) Operations managers
B) Marketing managers
C) Regional managers
D) Financial managers
E) Human resources managers
183. _____ are concerned with creating and managing the systems that create an organization's
products and services.
A) Marketing managers
B) Human resources managers
C) Financial managers
D) Operations managers
E) First-line managers
184. ___ are not associated with any particular management specialty.
A) Office managers
B) Floor supervisors
C) Public relations managers
D) Operations managers
E) Administrative managers
185. _____ is the set of processes used to get members of an organization to work together to further
the interests of the organization.
A) Planning
B) Organizing
C) Controlling
D) Leading
E) Deskilling
186. The final phase of the management process is ___ that involves monitoring the organization's
progress toward its goals.
A) planning
B) organizing
C) leading
D) controlling
E) deskilling
187. The management function of leading involves:
A) setting an organization's goals.
B) motivating and influencing others.
C) grouping activities and resources.
D) interacting with the external business environment.
188. The skills necessary to accomplish or understand the specific kind of work done in an
organization are called ___ skills.
A) diagnostic
B) time management
C) conceptual
D) technical
E) spatial
189. Technical skills:
A) are crucial for top managers more than any other managers.
B) are nonspecific and broad.
C) depend on a manager's ability to think in the abstract.
D) are especially important for first-line managers.
E) are used the most when making organizational policies.
190. The ability to motivate others is a(n) ___ skill.
A) conceptual
B) technical
C) communication
D) interpersonal
E) diagnostic
191. ___ skills refer to the abilities of managers to visualize the most appropriate response to a
situation.
A) Social
B) Interpersonal
C) Technical
D) Diagnositc
E) Communication
192. A manager who uses the scientific approach to management when making decisions is most
likely rely on:
A) instincts.
B) stereotypes.
C) personal experience.
D) intuition.
E) Logic.
193. When employees deliberately work at a slower pace than their capabilities, it is called ___.
A) Soldiering
B) persevering
C) controlling
D) planning
E) deceiving
194. Scientific management focuses on:
A) improving the efficiency of individual workers.
B) increasing employee turnover.
C) analyzing the external rather than the internal environment of an organization.
D) encouraging soldiering among employees.
E) increasing overhead costs.
195. Lillian Gilbreth was one of the earliest advocates of:
A) the contingency theory.
B) scientific management.
C) administrative management.
D) theory X and Y.
E) the Hawthorne studies.
196. The first person to identify the managerial functions of planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling was:
A) Elton Mayo.
B) Lillian Gilbreth.
C) Henri Fayol.
D) Hugo Munsterberg.
E) Mary Parker Follett.
197. Which of the following focuses on the management of the entire firm as opposed to the jobs of
individual workers?
A) The Contingency theory
B) Scientific management
C) Administrative management
D) Theory X
E) The Hawthorne studies
198. Which of the following statements is true of administrative management?
A) It deals with the jobs of individual employees.
B) It was first introduced by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.
C) It focuses solely on combating soldiering.
D) It encompasses the concepts of planning, organizing, and controlling.
199. The scientific management perspective:
A) assumed that workers liked their work.
B) focused on the overall management of an organization rather than individual employees.
C) emphasized the importance of supervising workers.
D) was based on the assumption that workers are internally motivated to achieve organizational goals.
200. Which of the following statements is true about the behavioral management perspective?
A) It was first introduced by Max Weber.
B) It viewed jobs and organizations from a mechanistic point of view.
C) It was influenced by the industrial psychology movement.
D) It essentially dealt with job specialization techniques.
201. Early advocates of the classical management perspective viewed organizations and jobs from an
essentially ___ point of view.
A) Mechanistic
B) behavioral
C) humanistic
D) systematic
E) contingent
202. Which of the following was one of the findings of the Hawthorne studies?
A) Workers tend to underperform when they are given special attention or supervision.
B) Higher pay and incentives are more important to workers than social acceptance.
C) All the workers in a group work toward achieving productivity targets set by supervisors.
D) Both individual and social processes play a major role in shaping worker behavior.
203. A difference between Theory X and Theory Y is that:
A) Theory X makes positive assumptions.
B) Theory Y is consistent with the views of scientific management.
C) Theory Y assumes that people lack ambition.
D) Theory Y represents the assumptions made by human relations advocates.
204. In its simplest form, ___ means setting an organization's goals and deciding how best to achieve
them.
A) coordinating
B) deskilling
C) organizing
 D) controlling
E) planning
205. E) planning
206. The ___ proposed that workers respond primarily to the social context of the workplace,
including social conditioning, group norms, and interpersonal dynamics.
A) classical management perspective
B) human relations movement
C) systems theory
D) management science perspective
207. B) human relations movement
208. The ___ perspective focuses on decision making, cost-effectiveness, mathematical models, and
the use of computers.
A) systems management
B) behavioral management
C) scientific management
D) administrative management
E) quantitative management
209. E) quantitative management
210. Which of the following statements is true about management science?
A) It is part of the classical management perspective.
B) It relies on bureaucratic techniques proposed by Max Weber.
C) It focuses on mathematical representations of reality.
D) It is concerned with improving the performance of individual workers.
211. C) It focuses on mathematical representations of reality.
212. Which of the following statements is true about operations management?
A) It is more statistically sophisticated than management science.
B) It exclusively focuses on improving employee attitudes and behavior.
C) It can be applied more directly to managerial situations than management science.
D) It relies more on mathematical models than management science.
213. C) It can be applied more directly to managerial situations than management science.
214. In the context of the systems perspective, an output would be:
A) technological processes.
B) labor skills.
C) services.
D) raw materials.
E) human resources.
215. C) services.
216. In the systems perspective, outputs include ___.
A) raw materials
B) controls
C) funds
D) human resources
E) employee attitudes
217. E) employee attitudes
218. Which of the following statements is true in the context of the systems perspective?
A) Entropy is a process that leads to system progress.
B) Products and services can be considered as system inputs.
C) A closed system is closely connected with and interacts with its environment.
D) The performance of one subsystem does not affect the performance of another subsystem.
E) Organizations essentially should be open systems.
219. E) Organizations essentially should be open systems.
220. ___ is a normal process that leads to system decline.
A) Economy of scale
B) Synergy
C) Entropy
D) Contingency
E) Symbiosis
221. C) Entropy
222. After being laid off by their companies, many individuals recognized three options they could
choose from before they could secure new jobs: to spend less, to use savings, or to use credit. In the
context of the steps involved in the rational decision-making model, they were ___.
A) monitoring implementation
B) selecting the best alternative
C) identifying alternatives
D) implementing alternatives
E) evaluating decision effectiveness
223. B) selecting the best alternative
224. Which of the following is a discussion process between a union and management that focuses on
agreeing to a written contract that will cover all relevant aspects of their relationship?
A) Job evaluation
B) Collective bargaining
C) The grievance procedure
D) Certification
E) Arbitration
225. B) Collective bargaining
226. What reason do researchers give for their findings that there are more communication problems
between
organizations than flat organizations?
A. The smaller number of managers as compared to line workers
B. The fewer number of subordinates reporting to each manager
C. The increased number of people through whom information must pass
D. Reductions in morale tend to prevent employees from communicating effectively
227. C. The increased number of people through whom information must pass
228. Sales are down, and Francis knows he needs to make some changes to reverse the trend and not
only bring sales up to the previous level, but actually increase them by 5% over last year. He is now
trying to understand whether the downturn was caused by poor customer service, poor quality product,
improper pricing, or some other factor. Which step has Francis reached in the comprehensive approach
to change?
A. Recognizing the need for change
B. Implementing the change
C. Setting goals for the change
D. Selecting a change technique
E. Diagnosing relevant variables
229. E. Diagnosing relevant variables
230. When leaders decide to either give salary increases to their employees or withhold any salary
increases, which of the following types of power do they exercise?
A) Coercive
B) Reward
C) Informal
D) Expert
E) Referent
231. B) Reward
232. Hydraliscious is a juice brand that sells a wide range of fruit juices that only uses organic
ingredients, which is its uniqueness when compared with other brands. Even though Hydraliscious
juices are highly priced, a lot of customers buy them because of the quality of the juices. Hydraliscious
is most likely to be using a(n)_____ strategy.
A) Differentiation
B) cost-leadership
C) divesting
D) bundle pricing
E) anti-competitive
233. A) Differentiation
234. The ___ environment of an organization includes all the values, symbols, beliefs, and language
that guide behavior.
a.task
b.general
c.physical work
d.regulatory
e.cultural
235. e.cultural
236. _ is the process of giving employees a voice in making decisions apgut their own work.
A. Participation
B. Empowerment
C. Commitment
D. Reinforcement
237. A. Participation
238. The nominal group decision-making technique:
A involves maximum interaction among group members.
B. is used to generate creative and innovative ideas.
C. is a technique in which members are not brought together in a face-to-face setting.
D. always results in groupthink.
239. B. is used to generate creative and innovative ideas.
240. Aside from motivational strategies such as the content perspective, process perspectives, and
reinforcement perspectives, an organization's ___ is its most basic tool for managing employee
motivation.
A) strategic plan
B) vision statement
C) objective
D) reward system
E) goal
241. D) reward system
242. The classical decision model is a prescriptive approach, meaning that it
A. provides managers with alternatives.
B. tells managers how they should make decisions.
C. assumes all decisions are made subjectively
D. allows no room for flexibility.
243. B. tells managers how they should make decisions.
244. Competitors, customers, suppliers, strategic partners, and regulators make up the ___
environment of an organization.
a.technological
b.general
c.economic
d.political-legal
e.task
245. e.task
246. According to the motivation framework, after a worker notices an unfilled need, the next step is:
A) choosing a behavior that satisfies the need.
B) determining future needs.
C) searching for ways to satisfy the need.
D) evaluating need satisfaction.
E) identifying a need deficiency.
247. C) searching for ways to satisfy the need.
248. A publishing firm will use a(n) ___ budget to forecast and plan the demand for young adult
books in Southeast Asia in the coming year.
A) labor
B) capital expenditures
C) operating
D) balance sheet
E) space
249. C) operating
250. Why has the importance of cross-cultural leadership increased in today's limes?
A. Because of improving profit margins
B. Because of office politics
C. Because of increasing unethical practices
D. Because of the improving diversity ratios in workplaces
251. D. Because of the improving diversity ratios in workplaces
252. ___ control attempts to monitor the quality or quantity of resources before they enter an
organization.
A) Structural
B) Postaction
C) Preliminary
D) Screening
E) Financial
253. C) Preliminary
254. Recently identified keys to successful leadership such as trusting one's subordinates, developing
a vision..... simplifying things are consistent with the premises underlying leadership.
A. Contingency
B. Transformational
C. Charismatic
D. Directed
255. Transformational
256. A(n) ___ is usually computerized and contains information on each employee's education, work
experience, and career aspirations.
A) bona fide occupational qualification
B) article of incorporation
C) skills inventory
D) statement of qualification
E) job description
257. C) skills inventory
258. Which of the following is an example of a work sequence change in a service organization
A. Changing line and staff relationships
B. Changing the way claims are processed
C. Installing new equipment
D. Redesigning jobs
259. B. Changing the way claims are processed
260. A nonprogrammed decision:
A) is relatively more frequent that programmed decisions.
B) is highly structured.
C) requires more time and resources than programmed decisions.
D) is typically regarding daily organizational transactions.
E) typically applies to basic operating systems and procedures.
261. C) requires more time and resources than programmed decisions.
262. When Beta Inc. acquired Redd Communications, there was a huge uproar by the staff of Redd
Communications as there were rumors of staff reductions and operations closures. ___ was the cause for
this reaction by the Redd Communications staff.
A) Synergy
B) Process gain
C) Uncertainty
D) Process loss
E) Facilitation
263. C) Uncertainty
264. In wilich step of the rational decision- making model does the decision maker lest the feasibility
and satisfactoriness of alternatives before choosing one?
A. Identifying alternatives
B. Implementing the chosen alternative
C. Defining the situation
D. Following up the implementation
E. Evaluating alternatives
265. E. Evaluating alternatives
266. Strategy formulation is the
A. set of decisions an organization makes about how it will distribute its resources.
B.method by which strategies are operationalized or executed
C. set of processes for determining the strategies that will be used by an organization.
D.process of evaluating an organizations strengths and weaknesses.
E.set of decisions an organization makes to neutralize threats and avoid weaknesses.
267. C. set of processes for determining the strategies that will be used by an organization.
268. The report issued about a major packaging defect showed a culture at an organization that did not
listen when small safety issues were raised. Each issue by itself might not have caused the flaw. This
example illustrates:
the need to understand organizational complexity.
B) that changing conditions are influenced by innovation
C) the need for control in order to reduce the accumulation of errors.
D) the way that control helps organizations respond to changing standards.
E) the way that organ
269. C) the need for control in order to reduce the accumulation of errors.
270. ___ strategy is the set of strategic alternatives from which an organization chooses as it manages
its operations simultaneously across several industries and several markets.
A) Corporate-level
B) Business-level
C) Operational-level
D) Divestiture
E) Anti-competitive
271. A) Corporate-level
272. _____ attempts to increase both the number of tasks a worker does and the control the worker
has over the job.
A) Job deskilling
B) Job enrichment
 C) Job specialization
D) Job rotation
E) Job entropy
273. B) Job enrichment
274. According to the motivation framework, after a worker notices an unfiled need, the next slep is
A. choosing a behavior that satisfies the need
B. determining future needs.
C. searching for ways to satisfy the need
D. evaluating need satisfaction.
E. identifying a need deficiency.
275. C. searching for ways to satisfy the need
276. Astring the wo-factor theory, which of the flowing is a hygiene factor that influence, an
employees
A. Achievement
B. Recognition
C. Working conditions
D. Advancement and growth
277. C. Working conditions
278. Online postings, executive search firms, referrals by present employees, and hiring walk-ins are
all methods.
A. external recruiting
B. job analysis
C. job evaluation
D. realistic job preview
279. A. external recruiting
280. ___ include robotic work units or workstations, assembly lines, and robotic carts or some other
form of computer-controlled transport system to move material as needed from one part of the system to
another.
A) Agrimations
B) Flexible manufacturing systems
C) Call-center systems
D) Computer-aided design technologies
E) Expert systems
281. B) Flexible manufacturing systems
282. ___ are hired for short periods of time and provide greater flexibility, earn lower wages, and
often do not participate in benefits programs.
a.Temporary workers
b.Regulatory agencies
c.Interest groups
d.Strategic allies
e.Suppliers
283. a.Temporary workers
284. Which of the following statements about the contingency perspective is true?
A. It is a part of the classical perspective of management.
B. It states that effective managerial behavior in one situation cannot always be generalized to other
situation
C. It states that all employees tend to perform better when they are promised higher incentives.
D. It states that the behavior of employees at work is not influenced by social processes.
285. B. It states that effective managerial behavior in one situation cannot always be generalized to
other situation
286. Daniel has been appointed leader of a project task force. He has legitimate power in this position.
The task is unstructured. Also, Daniel has weak leader-member relations. According to Fiedler's LPC
 theory, what type of leadership style is appropriate in this situation?
A) Task-oriented
B) Relationship-oriented
C) Participative
D) Transformational leadership
E) Concern for people
287. A) Task-oriented
288. A change in reporting relationships within an organization is an example of change in the alea of
A. organization structure
B. organizational operations
C. work processes
D. information technology.
289. A. organization structure
290. Demonstrating personal excitement or passion about something is part of ___ leadership.
A. Entrepreneurial
B. Charismatic
C. Symbolic
D. Integrative
E. Participative
291. B. Charismatic
292. The ___ view of organizational design assumes that the optimal design for an organization set of
relevant factors, including technology, environment, size, and organizational life cycle
A. Optimized
B. Situational
C. Differentiated
D. Bureaucratic
293. B. Situational
294. Nutrimax Inc. identifies its purpose as "to produce the finest cookies in the world while
upholding our principles of promoting good health and maintaining environmental sustainability." This
purpose is most likely to be the _____ of Nutrimax.
A) strategic goal
B) distinctive competence
C) mission statement
D) operational goal
E) tactical goal
295. C) mission statement
296. (Choose 1 answer)|
Decisions made by top managers involving strategy, such as signing mergers or making ... examples of
___ decisions.
A. Operational
B. Frequent
C. Programmed
D. Structured
E. Nonprogrammed
297. E. Nonprogrammed
298. ___ is the process of giving employees a voice in making decisions about their own
work
A. Reinforcement
B. Empowerment
C. Participation
D. Commitment
299. C. Participation
300. A company would begin to do business in another country only if the trade relationships
with that country are relatively well defined and stable. In the context of general environment,
which of the following does this point of view reflect?
a.Task
b.Economic
c.Technological
d.Political-legal
e.Competitive
301. d.Political-legal
302. Which of the following is a defining characteristic of strategic leaders?
A. They understand the organization and recognize its superior alignment with the environment
B. They understand international differences and diversity-based differences within one culture
C. They transmit a sense of mission, stimulate learning experiences, and inspire new ways of
thinking
D. They possess interpersonal attraction that inspires support and acceptance.
303. A. They understand the organization and recognize its superior alignment with the
environment
304. Why has the importance of cross-cultural leadership increased in today's times?
A. Because of the improving diversity ratios in workplaces
B. Because of improving profit margins
C. Because of office politics
D. Because of increasing unethical practices
305. A. Because of the improving diversity ratios in workplaces
306. ___ is the process of grouping jobs according to some logical arrangement
A. Departmentalization
B. Centralization
C. Job rotation
D. Job enrichment
307. A. Departmentalization
308. One of the benefits of job specialization is that it
A. makes employees proficient at a task.
B. offers new challenges and stimulation to the workers
C. significantly increases employee satisfaction.
D. decreases boredom and absenteeism among workers.
309. A. makes employees proficient at a task.
310. is defined as a clear and distinct line of authority among the positions in an organization
A. Flat structure
B. Chain of command
C. Job deskilling
D. Span of management
311. B. Chain of command
312. According to the job characteristics approach, increasing the presence of the five
dimension lead to all of the following EXCEPT
A. higher satisfaction.
B. higher turnover
C. higher-quality performance
D. higher motivation
313. B. higher turnover
314. Ron, a manager at a hardware components manufacturing unit, has recently learned
from a subordinate's report that the production rates in his firm have gone down immensely
because of poor employee morale. Ron has realized that he needs to implement a change in
the organization that will motivate employees. Which of the following steps in the
 comprehensive approach to change is illustrated in the scenario?
a) Implementing the change
b) Setting goals for the change
c) Recognizing the need for change
d) Selecting a change technique
e) Understanding how to implement the change
315. c) Recognizing the need for change
316. Performance appraisals are part of ___ control.
A. Financial
B. Human
C. Information
D. Inventory
E. Physical
317. B. Human
318. The management at Loft Corp. has introduced new employment policies. The mangers
are now tracking and monitoring the implementation of the new policies. Which of the following
management functions is illustrated in the scenario?
a. Decision making
b. Controlling
c. Organizing
d. Leading
e. Planning
319. b. Controlling
320. For a private college, parents of students may be considered part of the ___ dimension
of the task environment.
a.supplier
b.competitor
c.regulator
d.strategic partner
e.customer
321. e.customer
322. Organizations that provide resources to other organizations are known as:
a.suppliers.
b.competitors.
c.regulators.
d.interest groups.
e.importers.
323. a.suppliers.
324. By recognizing the ___ aspect of decision making, the administrative model better
reflects subjective considerations.
A. Rational
B. Groupthink
C. Classical
D. Behavioral
E. sequential
325. D. Behavioral
326. ProDairy Inc. reduced the prices of its products to combat competitors that were selling
dairy products at lower prices. This scenario illustrates a force for change present in the ___ of
an organization.
A. task environment
B. supply chain
 C. internal environment
D. demographic environment
327. A. task environment
328. Top managers at Phoenix Inc. are all computer engineers and are highly regarded by
other companies. They are frequently approached by executive search firms with information
about openings at other companies. The
managers are examples of
A. temporary workers.
B. emergent workers.
C. contingent employees.
D. knowledge workers.
329. D. knowledge workers.
330. ___ can be defined as a set of activities directed at an organization's resources, with the
aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner.
A. Economics
B. A theory
C. Management
D. Self-dealing
331. C. Management
332. Many businesses that use an H-form or M-form organization design have several
people in the specialized managerial position of ___ one for the corporation and one for each
division.
A. Supervisor
B. Inspector
C. Controller
D. quality tester
333. C. Controller
334. The normal process within an organization that leads to a system decline is known as
A. reengineering.
B. synergy.
C. process gain.
D. entropy.
335. D. entropy.
336. Once a licensing agreement is agreed to, the licensee pays a(n) ___ in return.
A. Interest
B. Remuneration
C. Royalty
D. Tariff
337. C. Royalty
338. Which of the following statements about first-line managers is true?
A. They are primarily responsible for implementing policies made by top managers.
B. They are typically involved in creating overall organizational strategies and goals.
C. They officially represent their organization to the external environment.
D. They typically spend a large proportion of their time supervising the work of their
subordinates.
E. They make decisions about activities such as acquiring other companies and entering or
abandoning
various markets
339. D. They typically spend a large proportion of their time supervising the work of their
subordinates.
340. The needs for achievement, affiliation, and power are referred to as ___ needs.
A. Security
 B. Manifest
C. Physiological
D. Esteem
E. Hygiene
341. B. Manifest
342. A highest-possible-quality strategy will stress on
A. the lowest possible cost regardless of quality.
B. quality regardless of cost.
C. low quality at low cost.
D. large quantities at low cost.
343. B. quality regardless of cost.
344. Jimmy owns an ice cream parlor. He designs a schedule for the different tasks the
employees have to perform in order to prevent monotony at work. According to the schedule, if
an employee makes waffle cones on a day, he serves ice creams the next day and clears the
tables on the day after that. Jimmy is using the ___ approach at his ice cream parlor.
A. job enrichment
B. job enlargement
C. job rotation
D. job specialization
345. C. job rotation
346. Within operations, managerial control ensures
A. the goal of low product reliability.
B. the goal of high unit production cost.
C. lowest possible cost regardless of quality.
D. that resources and activities achieve primary goals.
E. highest quality regardless of cost.
347. D. that resources and activities achieve primary goals.
348. Which of the following strategies can help companies during the maturity stage of a
product life cycle?
A. Drastically increasing product prices
B. Manufacturing products in small quantities intermittently than in bulk
C. Focusing on keeping costs low
D. Sacrificing the quality of products
E. Focusing more on strategies to slow the entry of competitors
349. C. Focusing on keeping costs low
350. Inflation, the cost of living, and money supplies are all external forces for change in the
___ dimension.
A. Social
B. Political
C. Cultural
D. Economic
351. D. Economic
352. An individual who is motivating and inspiring people to energize them to overcome
barriers by satisfying basic human needs is fulfilling what role and activity ?
A. Management role in developing a human network
B. Leadership role in developing a human network
C. Management role in executing plans
D. Leadership role in executing plans
353. B. Leadership role in developing a human network
354. A news producer has the authority to choose which reporter will get to cover important
news items and which reporter will cover trivial news items. The news producer uses this
authority to recognize the hard work of reporters. Which of the following types of power is the
 producer using in this case?
A. Referent
B. Reward
C. Legitimate
D. Coercive
355. B. Reward
356. Which of the following statements is true in the context of decision making under a state
of risk?
A. The decision maker clearly knows the alternatives.
B. The decision maker uses probability estimates to assess alternatives.
C. The decision maker is least likely to choose a bad alternative.
D. The decision maker has an accurate understanding of payoffs of all the alternatives.
E. The decision maker seldom considers his or her past experience while making the decision.
357. B. The decision maker uses probability estimates to assess alternatives.
358. In which step of the rational decision-making model does the decision maker test the
feasibility and satisfactoriness of alternatives before choosing one?
A. Identifying alternatives
B. Implementing the chosen alternative
C. Defining the situation
D. Following up the implementation
E. Evaluating alternatives
359. E
360. Durban Cafe takes one order at a time and customizes the coffee as per the customer's
requirement. The cafe uses ___ technology.
A. small-batch
B. mass-production
C. continuous-process
D. standardized process
E. large-batch
361. A
362. Which of the following statements is true about strategic goals?
A. They are set by an organization's middle managers.
B. They are set by first-line managers.
C. They provide plans for the day-to-day operations of an organization.
D. They focus on broad and general issues.
E. Their focus is on short-term issues.
363. D
364. A manager gives her employees a variable bonus every month based on resulting cost
savings every time they exceed their sales quota. This type of incentive pay is known as
A. fixed-rate pay.
B. profit sharing.
C. gainsharing
D. lump-sum bonus.
365. C
366. Day Cor has a detailed performance appraisal system. Employees must meet minimally
acceptable levels performance and are rewarded based upon their individual performance.
DayCor most likely uses ___ control.
A. Strategic
B. Decentralized
C. Bureaucratic
D. Organic
367. C
368. In the business world, the term ___ is generally used to refer to demographic
differences among people -differences in gender, age, ethnicity, and so forth
A. homogeneity
B. Synergy
C. Diversity
D. Divestiture
369. D
370. R&D at Venus Electronics Inc. has created an innovative new device. Management now
needs to decide if Venus should launch this device as its next new product now or wait for the
next one. Venus can estimate the costs to develop, produce, and market this device as well as
forecast sales. But there are many unknowns in both the new product development and market
conditions that Venus cannot accurately predict. Therefore,
Venus is making this decision under a condition of
A. Risk
B. Uncertainty
C. Certainty
D. ambiguity.
E. security.
371. B
372. An organization shifts its budget from a few, large projects to accommodate a number of
smaller projects every year. It also decentralizes power and gives additional responsibilities to
individual project managers. This is an example or te use or __ control.
A. Structural
B. Human
C. Information
D. Financial
373. A
374. Improving the quality of products and services tends to increase
A. Inertia
B. Entropy
C. Latency
D. Productivity
E. divestment
375. D
376. The first organized approach to studying leadership focused on
A. leadership behavior.
B. leadership traits.
C. rewards expected.
D. situational favorableness.
377. b
378. A company has set an objective to increase its product sales by 50 percent in the next
two years. Identify the step of the organization change process of the company.
A. Recognition of the need for change
B. Establishment of goals for the change
C. Selection of appropriate change technique
D. Planning for implementation of the change
379. b
380. In what common form of executive compensation are senior managers able to buy
shares in the company at a predetermined fixed price?
A. Gainsharing plan
B. Stock option plan
 C. Profit sharing plan
D. ESOP
381. B. Stock option plan
382. ___ , used to determine individual performance, can be challenging for a manager to
impart in an employee.
A. Ability
B. Motivation
C. Work environment
D. Skills
E. Needs
383. B. Motivation
384. An international ___ is a set of countries that agree to markedly reduce or eliminate
trade barriers among member nations.
A. Commonwealth
B. free trade area
C. economic community
D. customs union
385. C. economic community
386. ___ encompasses the conversion processes used to transform inputs (such as
materials or information)into outputs (such as products or services).
A. Entropy
B. Technology
C. Synergy
D. Divestiture
387. B. Technology
388. Delta Corp. introduced a new set of policies, giving its employees more flexibility in work
timings. This decision was made in response to complaints from employees about fatigue.
Which step of the rational decision-making process is illustrated in the scenario?
A. Defining the situation
B. Evaluating the possible alternatives
C. Selecting the alternative
D. Implementing an alternative
389. D. Implementing an alternative
390. A manager sets a goal for their team to increase sales by 20% in the next quarter.
According to Goal-Setting
Theory, what will determine the team's motivation to achieve the goal?
A. The difficulty and specificity of the goal
B. The team's acceptance and commitment to the goal
C. The manager's leadership style and the team's job satisfaction
D. The company's culture and the team's workload
391. B. The team's acceptance and commitment to the goal
392. When a retail store decides to stop giving out free samples to customers who frequently
return items, hoping that this will reduce the rate of returns, this represents:
A. Punishment
B. Extinction
C. Avoidance
D. Positive reinforcement
393. B. Extinction
394. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a need that is at the lower levels of
Maslow's Hierarchy?
A. It is essential for survival.
B. It is often difficult to satisfy.
 C. It is easily met.
D. It can be a source of motivation.
395. B. It is often difficult to satisfy.
396. Sheri and Aaron both wanted to work part time, and they found a lawyer who was willing
to split one full-time paralegal job between the two of them so that Cheri works mornings and
Aaron works afternoons. This
arrangement is known as
A. flextime.
B. participation.
C. job sharing.
D. reinforcement.
397. C. job sharing.
398. Netflix's practice of offering unlimited vacation time to employees while maintaining high
performance standards represents which type of reward approach?
A. Nonmonetary incentive
B. Merit pay plan
C. Gainsharing program
D. Sales commission plan
399. A. Nonmonetary incentive
400. ___is defined as a clear and distinct line of authority among the positions in an
organization.
A. Chain of command
B. Span of management
C. Job deskilling
D. Flat structure
401. A. Chain of command
402. A manufacturing company is struggling with declining profits and customer complaints
about product quality
The management team realizes that their operations resources are insufficient, leading to
longer cycle times and inefficiencies in production. How can the company improve its
competitiveness?
A. By increasing marketing expenditures
B. By expanding product lines without improving quality
C. By reducing employee training programs
D. By investing in efficient and effective operation management systems
403. D. By investing in efficient and effective operation management systems
404. A manufacturing company is struggling with declining profits and customer complaints
about product quality
The management team realizes that their operations resources are insufficient, leading to
longer cycle times and inefficiencies in production. What should be prioritized to improve
overall efficiency and effectiveness?
A. Improving the operations control, resource acquisition and purchasing, and inventory
B. Reducing team communication
C. Enhancing sales tactics
D. Expanding the product line
405. A. Improving the operations control, resource acquisition and purchasing, and inventory
406. A company implements a new project management software that streamlines
communication and task assignment among its teams, leading to increased efficiency and
collaboration. What type of innovation is the
implementation of the new project management software?
A. Technical Innovation
B. Process Innovation
 C. Product Innovation
D. Managerial Innovation
407. B. Process Innovation
408. Amazon introduced its "one-click ordering" system, simplifying the online purchasing
process for customers. What type of innovation does Amazon's "one-click ordering" primarily
represent?
A. Radical Innovation
B. Process Innovation
C. Product Innovation
D. Managerial Innovation
409. B. Process Innovation
410. A change in reporting relationships within an organization is an example of change in
the area of
A. organization structure.
B. organizational operations.
C. work processes.
D. information technology
411. A. organization structure.
412. What is a key characteristic of transformational leaders?
A. Relying heavily on positional authority
B. pring mit ways ense of mission, stimulaling learning experiences, and
C. Maintaining the status quo within the organization
D. Prioritizing short-term results
413. B. pring mit ways ense of mission, stimulaling learning experiences, and
414. Which emerging approach to leadership focuses on adaptability across cultures?
A. Ethical Leadership
B. Strategic Leadership
C. Political Leadership
D. Cross-Cultural Leadership
415. D. Cross-Cultural Leadership
416. How can political behavior in organizations be managed?
A. By discouraging any form of political behavior among employees.
B. By acknowledging that political behavior exists in virtually all organizations and that it cannot
be ignored or stamped out.
C. By hiring only employees who have no interest in engaging in political behavior.
D. By implementing strict rules and regulations to limit employees' autonomy.
417. B. By acknowledging that political behavior exists in virtually all organizations and that it
cannot be ignored or stamped out.
418. Which of the following is a Theory Y assumption?
A. Social processes do not influence the performance of workers.
B. People are not internally motivated to achieve their goals.
C. People do not naturally dislike work.
D. People perform better when they are threatened by the manager.
419. C. People do not naturally dislike work.
420. ___skills refer to a managers ability to prioritize work, to work efficiently, and to delegate
work appropriately.
A. Time management
B. Technical
C. Conceptual
D. Interpersonal
E. Communication
421. A. Time management
422. DayCor has a detailed performance appraisal system. Employees must meet minimally
acceptable levels of performance and are rewarded based upon their individual performance.
Day Cor most likely uses control.
A. Strategic
B. Decentralized
C. Bureaucratic
D. Organic
423. C. Bureaucratic
424. Which of the following statements is true in the context of decision making under a
condition
A. A decision maker greatly relies on intuition, judgment, and experience.
B. A decision maker clearly knows all the risks associated with alternatives to a problem.
C. A decision maker puts in least effort and uses a pre-determined structure for decision ma
D. A decision maker is able to estimate the payoffs and risks associated with alternatives.
425. A. A decision maker greatly relies on intuition, judgment, and experience.
426. According to the Lewin model of organization change process, refreezing involves
A. recognizing why the change is necessary.
B. informing people about the change.
C. the implementation of the change.
D. reinforcing the change so that it becomes a part of the system.
427. D. reinforcing the change so that it becomes a part of the system.
428. The set of broad dimensions and forces in an organization's surroundings that
determines its is called the __ environment.
A. Task
B. General
C. physical work
D. Regulatory
429. B. General
430. A(n)___lists each important managerial position in an organization, who occupies it,
how will probably remain in the position, and who is or will be a qualified fill-in.
A. skills inventory
B. employee information system
C. enterprise resource planning system
D. replacement chart
431. D. replacement chart
432. ___is the process of grouping jobs according to some logical arrangement.
A. Job rotation
B. Departmentalization
C. Job enrichment
D. Centralization
433. B. Departmentalization
434.