Name: Malik Asadullah
Section: 7B-BME
Reg No: FA20-BME-074
Assignment No: #3
Submitted to: Engr. Bilal Nutkani
Date: 30/11/2023
Question no1: List down the Air conditioning equipment’s and refrigerators are being
used in Pakistan by all existing manufacturers and suppliers. Make separate sections for
domestic and commercial equipment in ACs and refrigerators?
Domestic Air Conditioning Equipment:
1. Portable Air Conditioners:
Portable ACs are the most versatile type of air conditioning unit, as they can be easily moved
from room to room. They are also the most energy efficient option. Some of the leading
brands of portable ACs in Pakistan include.
▪ Chigo
▪ Gree
▪ Haier
2. Split Air Conditioners:
Split ACs are the most popular type of air conditioning unit in Pakistan and are available in a
wide variety of sizes and capacities to suit different needs. Some of the leading brands of split
ACs in Pakistan include.
▪ Gree
▪ Haier
▪ Orient
▪ PEL
▪ Dawlance
3. Window Air Conditioners:
Window ACs are a more affordable option than split ACs, but they are also less energy
efficient. They are typically used in smaller rooms or homes. Some of the leading brands of
window ACs in Pakistan include.
▪ PEL
▪ Dawlance
▪ National
4. Floor standing Air Conditioners:
These type of Air conditioners are self-contained units that stand on the floor and do not
require an outdoor unit. They are a good option for cooling large rooms or when wall
mounting is not possible. Some of the leading brands of split ACs in Pakistan include.
▪ Gree
▪ PEL
▪ Haier
▪ LG Electronics
▪ Panasonic
▪ Mitsubishi Electric appliances
5. Inverter Air conditioners:
Inverter air conditioners are more energy efficient because they can adjust the speed of their
compressor motor to match the required cooling output.
▪ Haier
▪ Gree
▪ Orient
▪ Mitsubishi
▪ Changhong Ruba
▪ Dawlance
▪ Kenwood
▪ Pel
▪ Samsung
▪ Daikin
Commercial Air Conditioning Equipment
1. Ducted Systems:
Ducted systems are a type of central air conditioning system that uses a network of ducts to
distribute air throughout a building. They are a good option for large buildings with multiple
zones. Some of the leading brands of ducted systems in Pakistan include.
▪ Carrier
▪ Trane
▪ York
2. VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) Systems:
VRF systems are the most advanced and energy efficient type of commercial air conditioning
system. They are used in large buildings, such as offices, hotels, and shopping malls. Some of
the leading brands of VRF systems in Pakistan include.
▪ Daikin
▪ Hitachi
▪ Mitsubishi Electric
3. Packaged Units:
Packaged units are a self-contained air conditioning system that is typically installed on the
roof of a building. They are a good option for small to medium-sized buildings. Some of the
leading brands of packaged units in Pakistan include.
▪ Goodman
▪ Lennox
▪ Rheem
Domestic Refrigerators
1. Direct Cool Refrigerators:
Direct cool refrigerators are the most common type of refrigerator in Pakistan. They are
affordable and easy to maintain. Some of the leading brands of direct cool refrigerators in
Pakistan include.
▪ Dawlance
▪ PEL
▪ Haier
2. Frost-Free Refrigerators:
Frost-free refrigerators prevent the build-up of frost in the freezer compartment, making them
easier to clean and maintain. They are also more energy efficient than direct cool
refrigerators. Some of the leading brands of frost-free refrigerators in Pakistan include.
▪ Gree ▪ Orient
▪ Whirlpool.
3. Side-by-Side Refrigerators:
Side-by-side refrigerators have a side-by-side door design that makes it easy to access both
the refrigerator and freezer compartments. They are typically larger and more expensive than
direct cool or frost-free refrigerators. Some of the leading brands of side-by-side refrigerators
in Pakistan include.
▪ Samsung
▪ LG
▪ Panasonic
Commercial Refrigerators
Reach-In Refrigerators: Reach-in refrigerators are designed for easy access to food and
beverages. They are commonly used in restaurants, bars, and convenience stores. Some of the
leading brands of reach-in refrigerators in Pakistan include.
▪ True ▪
Turbo Air
▪
Scotsman.
Walk-In Refrigerators: Walk-in refrigerators are large refrigerators that are tall enough for
people to walk inside. They are commonly used in grocery stores, restaurants, and food
warehouses. Some of the leading brands of walk-in refrigerators in Pakistan include.
▪ Traulsen ▪
Vollrath
▪ Coldline.
Undercounter Refrigerators: Undercounter refrigerators are small refrigerators that are
designed to fit under a counter. They are commonly used in kitchens and bars. Some of the
leading brands of undercounter refrigerators in Pakistan include.
▪ Summit
▪ Igloo ▪
Avanti.
Question no 2: do survey and state the names, formulae and properties of refrigerants are
being used in Pakistan for equipment stated in Q 1?
Refrigerants used In AC & Refrigerator:
1. R600a (hydrocarbon, HC):
• Chemical formula: C4H10
• Properties: R-600a, also known as isobutane, is a hydrocarbon refrigerant that
is commonly used in domestic refrigerators and portable air conditioners. It is
a colorless, odorless, and flammable gas with a boiling point of -11.7°C.
2. R-32 (Difluoromethane, HFC):
• Chemical formula: CH2F2
• Properties: R-32 is another HFC refrigerant that has been used in some split
air conditioning systems. It has a lower global warming potential (GWP)
compared to some other HFCs. It is a colorless, odorless, and flammable gas
with a boiling point of -51.6°C.
3. R-134a (tetrafluoroethane, HFC):
• Chemical formula: CH2FCF3
• Properties: It is a colorless, odorless, and non-flammable gas with a boiling
point of -26.5°C. R-134a is commonly used in domestic refrigerators and
freezers.
4. R-410A (Puron):
• Chemical Formula: CH2F2/CHF2CF3
• Properties: HFC, commonly used in air conditioning systems, is considered a
replacement for R-22 in many applications.
5. R-123 (chlorotrifluoromethane):
• Chemical Formula: CHCl2CF3
• Properties: HCFC, used in some chillers, but HCFCs are being phased out due
to their ozone-depleting potential.
6. R-407C (Difluoromethane/Trifluoroethane):
• Chemical Formula: CH2F2/ CHF2CF2
• Properties: R-407C is an odorless and non-flammable gas, so it is safe for
use in most appliances.
