TEST 1

1-Since the start of the revolutions in northern Africa 7-In everyday discussions bureaucracy is usually a
…….. the beginning of 2011 more than 30,000 people term of derision, implying inefficiency and a host of
have arrived ………. the tiny island of Lampedusa in other behaviours that cast doubt ……. the ability of
the Mediterranean Sea. bureauracies to provide services …….. clients.

A)off/into B)at/on A)with/into B)on/to

C)in/from D)of/in C)for/of D)over/about
E)to/at E)of/with

2- Every day the Italian government is transferring 8-Finding desirable premiums …….. reasonable costs
people ……… the overcrowded island to shelters on can be difficult, particularly …….. adult markets
the mainland so that they have room ……..
new refugees. A)on/within B)for/in
C)with/on D)at/for
A)from/for B)through/by E)in/to
C)in/upon D)on/at
E)over/onto 9-The number of copies of a publication distributed
……… purchasers is known as primary circulation
3-Mount Vesuvius became known ……… its famous and is the basis …….. the magazine’s rate structure.
eruption in 79 A.D. which wiped out the Roman town
……… Pompeii. A)to/for B)at/of
C)with/on D)by/in
A)into/from B)of/in E)about/at
C)for/of D)about/up to
E)beneath/over 10-The issue of animal rights has theoretical and
practical dimensions relating ……. the treatment of
4-Although many coastal areas and small islands of animals ……… humans
the Mediterranean depend ……… tourism as a
main source of income , it has also driven animal life A)with/of B)at/for
away ……… the shores. C)to/by D)over/on
E)from/in
A)on/from B)to/from
C)into/at D)in/off 11-A distinctive structure, built on or …….. a shore,
E)for/into which exhibits a light of distinctive characteristics to
serve as an aid ……… navigation
5-…….. the 30 years before the Great Depression, the
United States used a policy of loan-for- A)by/of B)in/for
supervision, also called dollar diplomacy, …….. C)across/onto D)near/to
countries that it perceived as unstable. E)behind/via

A)For/within B)Through/along 12-One of Britain’s leading modern architects, often

C)Over/below D)During/with associated …….. high-tech, Foster studied at Yale
E)In/amid University , subsequently forming ‘Team 4’ in
London in collaboration …….. his wife Wendy
6-There is a widespread belief ……. the general
public that advertising has powerful effects and this A)with/with B)for/into
belief sometimes results …….. demands for the C)from/of D)by/on
governmental regulation of advertising, E)in/to

A)of/from B)to/in
C)beneath/via D)in/from
E)by/in
13-The Cold War was the time ……. rivalry and 19- Spending holidays …….. beaches has had a long
conflict …….. the USA and the Soviet Union tradition for …….. one and a half centuries.

A)for/into B)at/among A)for/about B)in/up to

C)of/between D)during/of C)of/by D)from/through
E)to/for E)on/over

14-Most recently more and more people have come 20-Scouts are young people who learn the values of
to France ……. fishing boats and risked their lives in life …….. spending time and doing things ……. groups
order to escape the regime ……. Libyan
leader Muammar Gaddafi. A)by/in B)to/through
C)on/for D)for/into
A)from/in B)on/of E)in/among
C)by/for D)through/against
E)to/towards 21-American Scouts use symbols and pictures ……..
the frontier movement of the 19th century, while in
15-Malcolm X was much respected ……. changing his Britain, Scouting has been strongly influenced ………
life ……… a criminal to a fighter for the rights of ideas from colonial India.
African Americans
A)for/into B)from/by
A)to/about B)of/into C)of/to D)with/on
C)by/of D)for/from E)than/over
E)with/for
22-…….. the search for planets, and in the future,
16-After the Romans had conquered many countries planets that might be like Earth, we're able to help
……. Europe, they took thousands of prisoners as address some of the most amazing and mysterious
slaves who were divided ……… private questions that have faced humankind ……… centuries
and public slaves.
A)for/over B)during/with
A)in/into B)for/from C)in/for D)at/through
C)on/for D)by/with E)on/during
E)across/onto
23-Chemistry is concerned ……… the laws of some
17-As skiing becomes increasingly expensive and, in elements …….. various conditions.
some cases, exhausting …….. many people on
holidays, skiing resorts are offering more and more A)over/beyond B)about/for
other activities ……… those who want change or are C)by/through D)with/under
not active skiers E)to/above

A)with/about B)by/at 24-The restriction of oil supplies revealed a

C)for/for D)from/of potential …….. obtaining higher prices which had not
E)at/on previously been exploited …….. the oil countries.

18-More and more people are coming …….. holiday A)with/from B)to/of
resorts to get new energy …….. their everyday life. C)in/in D)at/on
E)for/by
A)from/into B)to/for
C)into/with D)over/from 25-Extremely low temperatures in the past few
E)in/on weeks have increased the demand ……. natural gas
……….. the country

A)for/throughout B)in/across
C)from/along D)of/in
E)with/over
 PREPOSITIONS 2
1-The conference was relocated …….. a nearby hotel ………. the authorities because of the
inadequate facilities at the university.

A)to/by
B)by/with
C)into/for
D)with/over
E)on/from

2-An interesting development …….. recent times in the world of literature has been the revival of the
short story but this genre went …….. a decline last century.

A)on/off
B)in/with
C)for/up
D)of/into
E)over/for

3-Copper and bronze were used ,although ……. a limited scale, and trading contacts ………. other
countries had been established.

A)with/over
B)on/with
C)in/for
D)for/from
E)through/in

4-The Morley gallery whose exhibition programme is richly varied and focuses ……… the well-
known painters has once again caught the attention …….. the public.

A)for/to
B)onto/from
C)on/of
D)into/with
E)over/for

5-Today we can place calls …….. everywhere and using the phone system , we can also fax
documents ……….. the world.

A)at/in
B)of/across
C)in/over
D)from/around
E)of/from

6-Since he inherited a large and relatively peaceful empire ……… his father , David was able to
concentrate ………. economic matters
A)by/at
B)from/on
C)in/towards
D)along/with
E)for/through
7-An animal that learns to adapt itself …….. a wide range of situations is said to be more intelligent
than one whose behaviour is largely governed ………… instinct.

A)to/by
B)with/from
C)for/over
D)of/at
E)on/with

8-Sir Walter Raleigh entered court ……… the protection of the Earl of Leicester, and was soon in
high favour ………. Queen Elizabeth

A)for/of
B)under/with
C)in/for
D)against/by
E)towards/through

9-we depend ………. journalists to guide us ……….. today's rapidly evolving, information –rich
"media age".

A)on/in
B)to/by
C)upon/through
D)by/into
E)for/with

10-As one steps ……… the busy commercial streets in front of the station in a Japanese city and
moves on ………. the side streets, one often encounters old shops and historic temples

A)out of/into
B)off/to
C)forward/for
D)by/through
E)for/among

11-In the past decade the term "internal marketing" has emerged ……… many companies to
describe the application of marketing internally …….. the firm.

A)from/among
B)to/on
C)in/within
D)of/across
E)for/over

12-All the employees are expected to work together ……. harmony …….. the company's objectives.

A)for/of
B)with/to
C)with/on
D)on/for
E)in/with
13-Advertisers have found it is often more effective to concentrate ……… putting across one aspect
of their product than to go ……… lengthy descriptions

A)on/into
B)in/for
C)behind/away
D)with/onto
E)from/with

14-Persuasion starts ……… the point where information is first supplied, particularly when, as must
happen …………. reasons of space and time, the information given is selective

A)with/on
B)at/for
C)in/ahead
D)over/onto
E)into/with

15-The growth ……… the importance of libraries in both the social and the scientific spheres has
led ……. a great development in library science and in educational training for the profession of
librarianship

A)in/for
B)from/within
C)during/onto
D)of/to
E)into/over

16-The English Library Association has been responsible …….. the rapid development in library
science ……… the world

A)to/in
B)from/over
C)into/through
D)with/across
E)for/throughout
1-As we learn more about the neural mechanisms of intelligence, ---- for enhancing intelligence
become more likely.

A) precautions
B) substitutions
C) necessities
D) prospects
E) permissions

2- From the early 1800s scientists began to gather ---- amounts of data about marine life, paving the
way for future knowledge about the importance of the planet's oceans.

A) immense
B) predictable
C) equivalent
D) relevant
E) sustainable

3- Reduction in cholesterol, body fat and oxidation is believed to help slow the ageing process ----.

A) doubtfully
B) reflectively
C) externally
D) obscurely
E) considerably

4- Trade between people depends on a uniform set of weights and measures that can be used by
both sides of the transaction to ---- that the amount obtained or handed over is correct.

A) disapprove
B) pretend
C) ensure
D) realise
E) estimate

5- Despite its problems, the Space Shuttle has been a major step forward in spaceflight, ---- more
than one hundred successful missions and pointing the way for future reusable spacecraft.

A) standing for
B) carrying out
C) running into
D) calling for
E) putting aside

6- From the beginning of human history, innovators have experimented with all kinds of elements,
from the ordinary to the invisible, trying to ---- new, improved materials.

A) come up with
B) do away with
C) cut down on
D) get along with
E) make up for
7- With the development of agriculture, humans ---- to transform more and more extensively the
environments in which they ----.

A) had begun / had been living

B) are beginning / were living
C) began / lived
D) have begun / were going to live
E) would begin / have been living

8- Any student who ---- four years in high school or college attempting to learn a second language
---- the struggle of trying to memorize vocabulary, verb conjugation or tenses.

A) was spending / had to appreciate

B) spends / has to appreciate
C) had spent / should have appreciated
D) has spent / can appreciate
E) is spending / used to appreciate

9- For many consumers from all over the world, the Internet is the first place ---- for useful
information that ---- them about what they buy.

A) to look / will inform

B) looking / has informed
C) to have looked / informs
D) to be looking / is informing
E) having looked / will have informed

10- In 1971, construction began on a vast hydroelectricproject to dam the rivers that flow ---- James
Bay and Hudson Bay, generating electricity ---- use in Canada and the US.

A) through / in
B) by / with
C) along / about
D) at / on
E) into / for

11- By the middle of the 19th century, the growing acceptance that microbes can kill us had once
more focused people’s attention ---- a world only visible ---- a microscope.

A) on / through
B) to / upon
C) by / over
D) against / in
E) of / for

12- Astronomers discover thousands of new members of the solar system every month, most of
which, ----, are insignificant bodies like small asteroids or comets.

A) however
B) therefore
C) otherwise
D) accordingly
E) in other words
13----- sustainable technologies usually cost a lot of money to set up, they save money in the long
run.

A) Even if
B) After
C) Just as
D) Unless
E) Once

14- With normal ocean waves, only the surface of the water body is in motion; a tsunami, ----, brings
not only the surface into motion but lifts and then drops an entire water column in the ocean.

A)namely
B)though
C)for example
D)similarly
E)hence

15- The basic principles of good diets are ---- simple ---- one can summarize them in just ten
words: eat less, move more, eat lots of fruits and vegetables.

A) the more / the less

B)neither / nor
C)whether / or
D)such / as
E)so / that

16- The henna, which may have spiritual significance in various cultures, is applied ---- different
graphic rules, with different symbolic relations.

A) due to
B) except for
C) unlike
D) according to
E) prior to
A genetically modified plant may produce 18-
specific proteins or other substances that A)in terms of
have never before been a part of the human B)regarding
food supply. These substances have C)thanks to
potentially negative side effects; for D)despite
instance, they (17)---- as toxins or allergens. E)as well as
Accordingly, an extensive testing and
approval process is mandated for foods of 19-
this kind, including individual ingredients A)though
and additives (18)---- whole foods. Approval is B)only if
granted (19)---- the food is shown to be safe in C)unless
accordance with scientific standards. This is D)as if
accomplished by comparing the genetically E)in case
modified product with its traditional
(20)----. The long-term effects of the use of 20-
genetically modified plants (21)---- people and A)provision
the environment have not yet been adequately B)consumption
determined. C)management
D)distribution
17- E)counterpart
A)may act
B)could have acted 21-
C)were to act A)beyond B)against
D)will have acted C)on D)with
E)must act E)for
Thousands of years ago, agriculture began as 23-
a highly site-specific activity. The first farmers A)on behalf of
were gardeners who grew individual plants, B)in the light of
and they (22)---- the microclimates and C)on account of
patches of soil that favoured those plants. But D)in contrast with
as farmers acquired scientific knowledge and E)such as
mechanical expertise, they enlarged their
plots using standardized approaches (23)---- 24-
ploughing the soil and spreading animal A)over
manure as fertilizer to increase crop B)for
production. (24)---- the years, they developed C)in
better methods of preparing the soil and D)from
protecting plants from insects, and E)off
eventually, machines to reduce the labor
required. (25)---- in the 19th century, scientists 25-
invented chemical pesticides and used newly A)being started
discovered genetic principles to select for B)to start
more productive plants. (26)---- these methods C)having been started
maximized overall productivity, they D)starting
caused some areas within fields to E)to have started
underperform
26-
22- A)given that
A)brought in B)even though
B)paid for C)just as
C)looked for D)in case
D)kept on E)because
E)took away
27-We will soon have to find new ways of living that do not harm the environment ----.

A) because researchers aim to make waste products less damaging to the environment
B) when humans waste an enormous amount of the Earth's resources
C) if we continue using the Earth's resources at current rate
D) while the habitats of some species have been largely destroyed by humans
E) although environmental organizations are trying to conserve the wildlife

28- Many vitamins and minerals are necessary components of our diet ----.

A) unless they are consumed excessively

B) although they are basic fuels of life
C) but lack of vitamin E can cause skin diseases
D) while moderate levels will be beneficial
E) even if they help us stay healthy

29-Cosmetics companies have started to remove parabens and other harmful chemicals from their
products ----.

A) even though there is not much pressure from regulatory bodies to do so

B) when they experience no adverse effects on humans
C) even if a link between parabens and breast cancer exists
D) because most underarm deodorants do not contain parabens
E) although there is a long-running debate about the safety of parabens

30----- he is well known to future generations mostly because of his treasure-filled tomb, which was
discovered intact in 1922.

A) After King Tutankhamun's body was mummified and placed in a series of coffins
B) Although the grave goods accompanying King Tutankhamun to the afterlife tell much about daily
life then
C) While King Tutankhamun had little opportunity to achieve greatness in his short life of 18 years
D) Because King Tutankhamun died from a fracture in his left leg that became infected with
gangrene
E) When King Tutankhamun was still a child and under the influence of advisers

31- NASA's Kepler space telescope was launched in 2009 and stopped gathering data in 2013
after a mechanical failure , ----.

A) whereas no input has been detected from it since it broke down

B) because during its construction the engineers worked meticulously to maximize its lifespan
C) so it searched for planets by measuring the levels in a star's brightness
D) yet in its relatively short lifetime it has provided a wealth of discovery
E) since it has discovered a group of stars where each star has planets of its own
32- Whereas the aeroplanes of the future were expected to cross oceans and continents as fast
as possible in the 1980s ----.

A) we now focus on noise reduction, lighter and stronger materials, and lower fuel consumption
B) the race to develop new aircraft technologies is at least as intense now as it was 30 years ago
C) the first heavier-than-air machines to fly were kites, invented by the Chinese in about 1000 BC
D) the needs of aircraft travellers are very well-matched with the technological development of
airlines
E) designers have improved the conditions of both the terminals and the neighbourhoods of
airports all over the world

33- To cope with the increasing number of tourists visiting Saudi Arabia ----.

A) investment in the tourism sector is not among the top priorities of the government
B) hotel managers say that the average stay for a tourist is between two and seven days
C) the government has outlined a plan to invest more money in its airports and transportation
D) officials have been concerned about the potential oversupply of hotels in the country
E) the country's four main international airports handle most of the domestic air travel

34-34. ---- since scholars and researchers have an unrivalled understanding of potential drug
targets in the development procedures of new medicines.

A) There is an increasing recognition from scientists that they need to work closely with companies
that provide complementary expertise
B) The reason for the failure of alternative drugs in the market is their limited efficacy for their
targets rather than purely safety
C) It is sometimes ignored by authorities that brilliant experts need to be chosen earlier in the
development process by the companies
D) Academic institutions are falling short of engaging with leading drug companies at an earlier
stage of a pharmaceutical development
E) Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly turning to collaboration with the academicians at the
top ranking universities

35----- so as to maximise the amount of accurate information in hand.

A) The police often have the option of closing an investigation file

B) It is highly crucial for the police to interview eyewitnesses
C) It would be easy to identify someone with the help of closed-circuit television
D) One must realise how important it is to avoid identifying an innocent person as the criminal
E) The cognitive interview has proved itself to be more effective than other interview techniques

36-Although the story of humankind and the peopling of the planet still holds many mysteries ----.

A) receding oceans are likely to expose ancient land bridges between continents
B) the most widely accepted theory states that modern humans came out of Africa
C) efforts to trace the diversification of animal forms by analyzing the change in DNA are premature
D) one of the earliest pieces of art found in Europe can be dated to 24,000 BC
E) no one knows where exactly the first agricultural villages appeared
37-The notion of an algorithm, a procedure for arriving at a solution by a sequence of elementary
steps, was also familiar to the ancient Greeks, as can be seen in Euclid's algorithm used even
today.

A) Bir dizi temel adımla bir çözüme ulaşma prosedürü olan algoritma kavramı, Öklid'in bugün bile
kullanılan algoritmasında da görülebileceği üzere antik Yunanlılar tarafından da bilinmekteydi.
B) Algoritma kavramı, yani bir dizi temel adımla bir çözüme ulaşma prosedürü, Öklid'in bugün bile
kullanılan algoritmasında da görülebileceği gibi antik Yunanlılar döneminde de bilinmekteydi.
C) Bir temel adımlar zinciri ile bir çözüme ulaşma prosedürü olan algoritma kavramı, Öklid'in
algoritmasında da görülebileceği üzere bugün olduğu gibi antik Yunanlılar zamanında da
biliniyordu.
D) Bir temel adımlar dizisiyle bir çözüme ulaşma prosedürü olan ve antik Yunanlılar tarafından da
bilinen algoritma kavramı, Öklid'in bugün bile kullanılan algoritmasında görülebilir.
E) Öklid'in bugün bile kullanılan algoritmasında da görülebileceği üzere antik Yunanlılar tarafından
da bilinen algoritma kavramı, bir dizi temel adımla bir çözüme ulaşma prosedürüdür

38-Reptiles and insects have no need to sweat because, unlike mammals, they do not need to
maintain a constant body temperature.

A) Memelilerin sabit bir vücut ısısını korumak için terlemeye ihtiyaçları vardır fakat sürüngenler ve
böcekler için aynı durum söz konusu değildir.
B) Sürüngenler ve böcekler terlemeye ihtiyaç duymaz çünkü memelilerin aksine sabit bir vücut
ısısını korumaları gerekmez.
C) Memelilerin sabit bir vücut ısısını korumak için terlemeleri gerekmektedir ancak sürüngenlerin ve
böceklerin buna ihtiyacı yoktur.
D) Sürüngenler ve böcekler, sabit bir vücut ısısını korumaları gerekmediği için, memeliler gibi
terlemeye ihtiyaç duymazlar.
E) Sürüngenlerin ve böceklerin terlemeye ihtiyaçları yoktur çünkü memelilerde olduğu gibi sabit bir
vücut ısısını korumaları gerekmez

39- It is true that power nourishes all relationships, but only equally shared power can create
happy individuals and satisfying marriages.

A) Bütün ilişkileri besleyen şeyin güç olduğu doğrudur, ancak mutlu bireyler ve tatminkâr evlilikler,
güç sadece eşit olarak paylaşılırsa yaratılabilir.
B) Bütün ilişkilerin güçle beslendiği doğrudur, ancak güç sadece eşit olarak paylaşıldığında mutlu
bireyler ve tatminkâr evlilikler yaratabilir.
C) Gücün bütün ilişkileri beslediği doğrudur, ancak güç sadece eşit olarak paylaşıldığı takdirde
mutlu bireyler ve tatminkâr evlilikler yaratabilir.
D) Gücün bütün ilişkileri beslediği doğrudur, ancak mutlu bireyler ve tatminkâr evlilikler sadece eşit
olarak paylaşılan güçle yaratılabilir.
E) Gücün bütün ilişkileri beslediği doğrudur, ancak sadece eşit olarak paylaşılan güç mutlu bireyler
ve tatminkâr evlilikler yaratabilir
40- Çok az insan renklerin, nesnelerin özellikleri olmadığını ancak gözlerimiz ve beynimizle
etkileşen ışığın farklı dalga boylarının bir sonucu olduğunu bilir.

A) Despite the fact that colours are not the property of objects, few people know that they are a
result of different wavelengths of light that interact with our eyes and brain.
B) Few people know that colours are not the property of objects but a result of different
wavelengths of light interacting with our eyes and brain.
C) Realizing that they are not the property of objects, few people know that colours are a result of
different wavelengths of light that interact with our eyes and brain.
D) Colours are not the property of objects; however, few people know that they are a result of
different wavelengths of light interacting with our eyes and brain.
E) Colours, which are not the property of objects, are known by few people to be a result of different
wavelengths of light that interact with our eyes and brain.

41- İngiliz posta sisteminin 1510 yılındaki kuruluşundan beri en büyük ve yegane yeniliği olan
dünyanın ilk yapışkanlı posta pulu Penny Black, 1840 yılında basıldı.

A) In 1840, the world's first adhesive postage stamp, the Penny Black, was issued, and it is the
greatest single reform of the English postal system since its establishment in 1510.
B) In 1840, the English postal system issued the world's first adhesive postage stamp, the Penny
Black, which is the greatest single reform since its establishment in 1510.
C) The Penny Black, which was issued in 1840 and became the world's first adhesive postage
stamp, is the greatest single reform of the English postal system since it was established in 1510.
D) The world's first adhesive postage stamp, the Penny Black, which is the greatest single reform of
the English postal system since its establishment in 1510, was issued in 1840.
E) The Penny Black, the world's first adhesive postage stamp by the English postal system, was
issued in 1840 as its greatest single reform since its establishment in 1510.

42- Sesinizi yükselttirecek kadar çok gürültüye uzun süre maruz kalma, kalp krizi oranlarını yüzde
50 arttırabilmektedir, özellikle bu hem işte hem de evde geçerliyse.

A) Being chronically exposed to loud noise and raising your voice can increase heart attack rates
by 50 percent, especially if this is true at both work and home.
B) Chronic exposure to noise loud enough to make you raise your voice by 50 percent can increase
heart attack rates, especially if this happens at both work and home.
C) Chronic exposure to noise loud enough to make you raise your voice can increase heart attack
rates by 50 percent, especially if this is true at both work and home.
D) Being chronically exposed to noise loud enough to make you raise your voice, especially at both
work and home, can increase heart attack rates by 50 percent.
E) Chronic exposure to loud noise can make you raise your voice and increase heart attack rates by
50 percent, especially if this happens at both work and home.
63-
Defne:
-Why have you been stirring your tea for so long? You've cooled it off faster.
Beren: ----
Defne:
When you stir it, the molecules move faster. So, you quicken the heat loss.
Beren:
- Okay, next time I won't stir my tea a lot.

A) What do you think can be done to reduce the heat loss?

B) What are you trying to say? I can't see any relation between them.
C) As far as I know, the purpose of stirring drinks is to help the sugar dissolve in it.
D) I agree that it's much more related to evaporation than to stirring.
E) Do you say the spoon takes away some of the heat during the stirring?

64-
Cahit:
It says here in the newspaper that although a woman's core body temperature is generally
higher than a man's, her hands are usually a few degrees colder.
Ayşe: ----
Cahit:
- It must be about women's hormone levels and relatively smaller muscle mass.
Ayşe:
- That's interesting! I'd never have thought of it that way.

A) Does this happen even in mildly cold situations?

B) What's the explanation for this?
C) Are there any situations where a man's hands get colder?
D) Don't the blood vessels constrict when temperatures drop?
E) Have you also read anything about the contribution of blood circulation?

65-
Okan: Recently, I've been sleeping far less than I normally do. Do you think this could be related to
stress?
Sinan: Well, we all have stress but how it affects us differs from one person to another.
Okan: ----
Sinan:Probably. But I also know people who suffer from eating disorders due to their stress levels.

A) I think I'm one of those whose sleeping patterns are dramatically disturbed.
B) However, my body needs more sleep than many people because I work at night.
C) These days, I also have poor appetite since I can't get sufficient sleep.
D) Do you mean lack of sleep has both biological and psychological reasons?
E) I agree. People who are self-employed tend to have less stress-related problems
66-
Pınar: I'm just back from the hospital. The doctor changed my medication and suggested more rest.
Hazal:OK. But why do you look so depressed? It's probably a good thing, right?
Pınar: ----
Hazal: So, you're worried that your manager won't be very happy with the news.

A) I guess so, but every type of medication has its side effects along with benefits.
B) No, it's bad news because the new medication is not covered by my health insurance.
C) I don't think so because I'm supposed to exercise more after work in the evenings.
D) I'm not sure. That means I'll have to take more days off, so I'll fall behind with my work.
E) It might work better, but I'm afraid it's going to provide temporary relief.

67-
Student: ----
Professor: They're fixed three months before you're born. You can leave a mark on them with a cut,
abrasion or acid, but they'll grow back within a month.
Student: What about aging?
Professor:It doesn't have such an effect, but it gets harder to scan your fingers or take a print from
them.

A) Do all people throughout the world have different fingerprints?

B) How do they treat finger injuries without damaging one's fingerprints?
C) Are fingerprints utilized in any fields other than forensics?
D) What's the role of fingerprints in upcoming technological advances?
E) Do fingerprints change during our lifetime?

68-The latest report from the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is more confident
than ever that most of the warming of the past 60 years is humanity’s fault.

A) The latest report by the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change underestimated the
role of humankind over the warming that occurred during the last 60 years.
B) A recent report by the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the most convincing
one up to now, proving man’s responsibility for the warming that has taken place over the past 60
years.
C) The latest report from the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change confidently
proclaimed that humankind is partially to blame for the warming of the planet over the past 60
years.
D) A recent report by the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has confidently
demonstrated that humanity must take responsibility for the warming of the planet in the last 60
years.
E) The latest report by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the most confident
one so far to assert that mankind has been responsible for most of the warming over the last 60
years
69- One should visit the theater not merely for the purpose of entertainment, but rather draw
lessons from the play performed on stage.

A) The purpose of visiting the theatre is to be entertained rather than draw lessons from the play
performed on stage.
B) Instead of entertainment, which is not the only intention of a play, one must acquire knowledge
with the help of the play acted on stage.
C) Paying a visit to the theater must not be for entertaining ourselves; instead, we should
understand the messages passed on by the actors.
D) Theaters should not be visited with the aim of entertainment alone; instead, one should learn
lessons from the play acted on stage.
E) Drawing lessons from the play acted on stage rather than being entertained must be the sole
reason for visiting the theater.

70- Scientists are struggling to understand the strange biology of Rafflesia, one of the world's
largest flowers, in case it disappears from the jungle.

A) It is a well-known fact that Rafflesia, one of the world's largest flowers, will vanish from the
jungle soon, which makes scientists interested in understanding its biology.
B) One of the world's largest flowers, Rafflesia has started to disappear from the jungle; therefore,
scientists are rushing to study the biology of this large flower.
C) There is a possibility that one of the world's largest flowers, Rafflesia, may become extinct from
the jungle, so scientists are working hard to comprehend its unusual biology.
D) Scientists have difficulty in understanding the complex biology of Rafflesia, which is one of the
world's largest flowers, as it is about to disappear.
E) It is strange that although Rafflesia, one of the world's largest flowers, is vanishing from the
jungle, scientists are still trying to understand its biology.

71- The notion that we might one day be able to communicate by thought alone has preoccupied
scientists and science-fiction writers for decades.

A) Scientists and science-fiction writers have long been trying to demonstrate that people can
actually interact by thought alone.
B) Scientists and science-fiction writers have long been thinking that one day people will be able to
transmit their ideas not only by words, but also by thought.
C) Not only scientists but also science-fiction writers have long been endeavouring to find an
answer to the problem regarding thought communication.
D) Scientists and science-fiction writers have long been considering the idea that one day it will be
possible for people to transmit messages via thought only.
E) Scientists have already proven that people can communicate by thought alone, which has also
been a popular theme for science-fiction writers for a long time.
72- There are a lot of doubts and questions about how effective antidepressants are. Many
professionals in the field of psychology claim that for drugs to work, we need 'precision
medication'. The aim of precision medication is to develop strategies that are best suited to each
patient's biological, psychological, and social profile. ---- For example, if you have a job, you may be
more likely to respond to a specific type of antidepressants.

A) Studies of antidepressant response prediction continue with millions of dollars and generate
data derived from neurophysiology and genetics.
B) Doctors can now use new technologies in neuroimaging to improve treatment that can produce
better results.
C) Certain characteristics, such as socioeconomic factors, can predict how someone will respond
to a drug.
D) We can understand from large clinical trials that antidepressants do not work as much as we
expect them to on average.
E) We do not need big data studies on antidepressant response, as even finding out the complaints
of a patient can provide doctors with sufficient information

73- Ethnic groups can differ greatly in appearance, dress codes, cultural practices, and religious
beliefs. ---- For instance, the Welsh and the English in the UK are most distinctive in terms of their
accent and language. Speech style, then, is an important and often central stereotypical or
normative property of group membership.

A) Therefore, communities that live in well-defined boundaries exhibit uniformity in the way they
use language orally.
B) Yet, communication involves spoken and written languages and a rich mix of expressions which
are contextualized by ethnicity and nationality.
C) Nevertheless, language or speech style is often regarded as one of the most distinct and clear
markers of ethnic identity.
D) Besides, the nature of the power and status relations between ethnic groups in society is
influenced by self-respect and pride.
E) In addition, ethnic groups that are high on status and have respectful jobs have high ethno-
linguistic value.

74- Sons look to their fathers for support and example. They need to be instructed and inspired, but
sometimes fathers cannot meet these needs of their sons. For example, Abraham Lincoln had little
to learn from his father, Thomas. Abraham Lincoln and his father differed in almost every way.
While Thomas could not understand reading as a passion, Abraham read every book he could get
hold of. ---- Unlike his son Abraham, Thomas was unambitious and stubborn. Thus, when Abraham
was a young adult, he turned to the heroes of the past generation for inspiration.

A) When fathers cannot inspire their children, they often search for father figures among their
favourite teachers.
B) Abraham was not content with his life; therefore, at the age of 21, he left his parents' home and
rarely saw his father again.
C) Thomas was a good father, as he always supported Abraham to read different kinds of books to
gain different perspectives.
D) In addition to their intellectual differences, Thomas and Abraham were emotionally incompatible,
too.
E) Besides, it was hard for Abraham to hide his reactions to the political and social events that
occured when he was young.
75-There are some 100 billion galaxies in the observable universe, with about 100 billion stars in
each of these galaxies. ---- In fact, there are more planets in the universe than there are sand grains
on all the beaches of all the coastlines of all the continents. Yet, in all this immensity, there is only
one place where we know there is life - the tiny, fragile blue dot we call Earth.

A) The reality is that finding life in remote planets will be very difficult and it will take quite a lot of
time.
B) Many scientists are trying to explain the origin of the disparate bodies in the solar system.
C) Since one of Saturn's moons has been found to have ice fountains, we should be looking more
widely for alive bodies.
D) In recent years, we have discovered that there are probably more planets than there are stars.
E) It is possible to find some kind of life in space, but whether we can talk to it is a matter of debate

76-(I) Decision-making theories assume that individuals evaluate the costs and benefits of various
actions and pick the best alternatives in a fairly logical, reasonable way. (II) Judgements and
decisions do not always follow strict rationality. (III) They choose the alternative that
gives them the greatest rewards at the least cost. (IV) Decision-making involves weighing the
advantages and disadvantages of possible alternatives and then adopting the best one. (V) In other
words, the relative strengths of the advantages and disadvantages
determine the final decision

A)I B)II C)III D)IV E)V

77-(I) Some people choose not to consume meat as they think it comes from animals having
consciousness just as we do. (II) Quite a few people wonder whether plants have a form of
consciousness. (III) It is not really possible as plants do not have nerve cells, let alone a brain. (IV)
Some plants can signal to each other, and to insects, using chemical messenger compounds, but
that is quite different. (V) Human concepts such as emotion and self-awareness simply do not apply
to plants

A)I B)II C)III D)IV E)V

78-(I) By the 12th century an aristocratic class of warriors had begun to exercise great power
throughout Japan. (II) Their original center, the military government of Minamoto, was located at the
coastal town of Kamakura, near modern Tokyo. (III) Known as the Samurai, they dominated
Japanese society for nearly 700 years. (IV) However, as power shifted from civil aristocracy to a
new bureaucratic regime based on these provincial warriors, the Samurai became famous for
offering security through military talent. (V) The ritual where the defeated warrior committed
suicide with his own sword was also portrayed in the film The Last SamÜrai.

A)I B)II C)III D)IV E)V

79-(I) Bats live in caves to avoid danger and save energy. (II) Some species spend their daytime in
caves while others hibernate there for the winter because caves provide optimal humidity, a stable
low temperature, and few disturbances from light or noise. (III) Temperature is important because
bats are warm-blooded but very small. (IV) Hibernation is a deep state of inactivity in which the
animals' body temperature decreases. (V) Unlike many other mammals, bats let their internal
temperature drop when they are resting, going into a state of decreased activity to conserve energy

A)I B)II C)III D)IV E)V

80-(I) Although it was only in recent years that the 3D printing technology became good enough to
produce more than prototypes, the very idea of printing in 3D is not new. (II) The 3D printing
technology development has been so rapid and quick. (III) Nevertheless, 3D printers will hardly out-
compete existing technologies, when it comes to the production of large quantities of
consumer goods and machine parts. (IV) For a long time to come, the technology will probably be
more suitable for customized goods, spare parts, minor quantity production, and products difficult
to make in a conventional way. (V) But experts have no doubt that 3D printers will be increasingly
used in many industries.

A)I B)II C)III D)IV E)V

ADJECTIVE-ADVERB 1 5- My father treasures the gold watch that
he was given ......... a retirement present.
1- I've had a full day's rest now and I feel
much ........; at least........ enough to be able to A) like
get out of bed. B) as
C) such as
A) the worst/worse D) so
B) better/well E) too
C) best/better
D) good/so well
E) worse/as good
6- Some of the delegates were .......... with the
Chairman's speech ........... they walked out.
A) too disappointed/that
2- There is nothing ......... than a slight B) more disappointing/than
breeze on a hot, sunny day. C) so disappointed/that
D) so disappointing/than
A) refreshing enough E) as disappointed/as
B) as refreshed as
C) more refreshing
D) so refreshing that 7- Without the heavy make-up she wears,
E) the most refreshed she looks ......... in real life ......... she does on
television.

A) young/so
3- The survey confirmed that house prices B) as young/that
are ......... higher in the South than in the C) younger/than
North. D) the youngest/as
E) so young/that
A) so
B) more
C) most
D) as 8- He wasn't ....... studious student in the
C) much class, but he worked ........ to pass his final
examinations.

4- There is ......... a shortage of qualified A) the most/hard enough

teachers in England ......... the government is B) such/harder than
paying students to train in teaching. C) more/so hard that
D) as much as/hardly
A) such/that E) too much/too hard
B) so/as
C) more/than
D) too/than
E) as/that

9- After we had been shopping, Alice and May

went bowling, but I was ....... to join them.
 A) so skilful that
A) so tiring that B) as skilfully as
B) the most tired C) more skilfully
C) so tired as D) the most skilful
D) too tired E) skilfully enough
E) as tiring as

14- She couldn't believe that her son had

behaved ........ to be disciplined by the teacher.
10- The spot where Vicki's new house is
located is ......... one that all her friends and A) as bad as
relatives want to visit her. B) worse than
C) the worst
A) the most picturesque D) so badly that
B) more picturesque than E) badly enough
C) as picturesque as
D) so picturesque that
E) such a picturesque
15- The courts dealt with the farmer who had
shot the thief ........ tolerantly ........ most
people considered appropriate.
11- The amazing thing about oltu stone is
that ........ you keep it, ....... it gets. A) more/as
B) so/as
A) so long/so shiny C) the most/than
B) the long/the shiny D) less/than
C) the longest/the shiniest E) too/that
D) the longer/the shinier
E) as long/as shiny

16- it all happened .......... that he couldn't give

the officer an accurate description of his
12- For me, ......... aspect of the conference attackers.
was the decision to concentrate on
environmental issues. A) so suddenly
B) as sudden
A) as encouraging C) too sudden
B) so encouraged as D) as suddenly
C) more encouraged E) the most sudden
D) the most encouraging
E) such an encouraged

13-My father plays golf just for fun, although ADJECTIVE-ADVERB 2

sometimes he plays .... some professionals.
1-The people have ......... distrust of the
government in this African nation that few A) more unprofessionally than
residents expect the elections to be fair. B) as unprofessionally as
C) so unprofessionally that
A) so D) unprofessionally enough
B) such E) the most unprofessionally
C) as
D) like
E) much

6-......... we climbed, ......... the air became,

which made it difficult for us to proceed.
2-He is feeling ......... can be expected after
......... a major operation. A)The higher/the colder
B) The highest/the coldest
A) well enough/like C) Too high/too cold
B) so well that/so D) As high/so cold
C) as well as/than E) So high/very cold
D) better than/such
E) the best/as

7-Records of Johannes Gutenberg are .........

vague for us to be able to know what he
3-I felt ........ ill yesterday to get out of bed, but looked like or even his actual date of birth.
I'm feeling ....... better today.
A) such
A) as/much B) more
B) so/that C) so
C) more/so D) as
D) enough/more E) too
E) too/a lot

4-This material is ......... to be stitched together 8- I made a bit of a mess of wrapping

on a sewing machine. Matthew's present, but it was ....... shape to
wrap.
A) too delicate
B) as delicately as A) too awkward
C) so delicate that B) as awkward as
D) delicately enough C) so awkward that
E) such a delicate D) such an awkward
E) more awkward

9-The Renault Megane uses a little ...... petrol

5-She had acted ......... she was dismissed than the Skoda Esprit, but it performs ........
immediately. better.
 A) more
A) so much/less B) so
B) too much/more C) as
C) the most/a lot D) even
D) much/such E) too
E) more/much

14-Of all the problems she has faced, this one

is by far ......... .
10-Farmer Parkinson's dog is ........ to scare
any intruder. A) badly
B) worse
A) ferocious enough C) too badly
B) such ferocious D) so badly
C) as ferocious E) the worst
D) so ferocious that
E) more ferocious

15- I was ....... at the time to help him with his

project at all, so it is completely his own work.
11-The two brothers could have hanged
themselves or they could have been murdered A) too busy
by attackers. The police suspect......... . B) busier
C) the busiest
A) such late D) so busy
B) the latter E) such busy
C) later
D) the latest
E) so late

16- I've had ........ trouble starting the car

lately ........ I think I'll have to take it to the
12- ....... dangerously a person lives, ....... garage.
likely he or she is to die young.
A) so much/that
A) So/much more B) too many/for
B) The more/the more C) the most/that
C) As much/too D) such a lot/as
D) Far too/so much E) much more/than
E) The most/the most

13- Her economic situation has got ......... ADJECTIVE – ADVERB 3

worse since she gave up her job because of
her illness.
1-In today's busy world traditional crafts,
......... knitting and embroidery, are declining in A) So far/so much
popularity. B) The farthest/the most
C) The further/the more
A) the most D) Much farther/too much
B) much more E) The furthest/even so
C) such
D) such as
E) much as

6-If he spent ....... money on his family ........ he

does on beer, his children wouldn't be
running around without shoes on.

2-The holiday we spent in Canada turned out A) as much/as

to be ....... expensive than we'd expected. B) so much/that
C) a little/than
A) so D) enough/so
B) such E) too much/ that
C) less
D) a little
E) too

7-I know we didn't stop overnight when we

drove to Scotland last year, but the Isle of Sky
is much ....... Edinburgh.
3-Don't be too critical of Mark as this is the
first time he's played in ........ an important A) very far
match. B) farther than
C) the farthest
A) too D) as far as
B)such E) so far
C) so
D) as
E) more 8- The ruddy duck is ......... seen in the wild
on British lakes or rivers.

A) too rare
B) rare
4-The Queen mother, who is 100 years old this C) so rare
year, is ......... member of the British Royal D) rarely
family. E) the rarest

A) as old
B) too old
C) so old
D) the eldest
E) much older

5- ....... the trial progressed, ........ apparent it 9- I believe no one could have investigated the
became that he was guilty. matter ......... we did.
A) so thoroughly that A) as fertile as
B) as thoroughly as B) so fertile that
C) thorough enough C) fertile enough
D) more thorough than D) more fertile than
E) the most thoroughly E) the most fertile

14-Certain household items, ......... bleach and

10-When I moved into the house, the grease insecticides, are very dangerous and should
on the oven was ......... it took me a whole be kept away from children.
morning to remove it.
A) so much
A)so thick that B) just as
B) as thick as C) rather
C) thick enough. D) such as
D) too thick E) more
E) much thicker

15-......... students enrolled on the Serbo-Croat

language course that they are discontinuing
11-The director thought our proposal was this class.
......... a good idea that he suggested we start
implementing it immediately. A) Fewer
B) Less
A) so C) The least
B) as D) So little
C) such E) So few
D) like
E) more

16-......... petroleum and natural gas, coal is a

carbon-based fossil fuel.

12-I don't know why the purchasing assistant A) Such as

is complaining as, of all the staff, she's ......... B) More
affected by the changes. C) So
D) As
A) so few E) Like
B) few
C) little
D) the lesser
E) the least

13- The valley of the River Severn is ......... it's ADJECTIVE-ADVERB 4

known as the garden of England.
1-I thought we were being ....... we could be, A) more progressive
but the neighbours still complained that we B) the most progressive
were ....... . C) as progressive as
D) too progressive
A) quieter than/such noisy E) so progressive that
B) as quiet as/too noisy
C) so quietly/noisy enough
D) quietly enough/as noisy
E) the quietest/noisier
6-Toads, which belong to ......... family .........
frogs, have shorter legs than frogs.

2-I didn't really want the children to eat all the A) the same/as
ice-cream, but I was ......... to argue with them. B) more/than
C) so/that
A) as tired as D) such/as
B) tired enough E) rather/than
C) too tired
D) so tired that
E) more tired than

7-It was ......... injury that he struggled to carry

on playing for the rest of the game.
3- The oak tree in our garden is almost .........
the house itself. A) so painfully
B) such a painful
A) so tall that C) the most painful
B) the tallest D) as painful as
C) much taller E) too painfully
D) tall enough
E) as tall as

8-The comedian Jasper Carrot doesn't tell

4-The shops on the main street have been jokes, but he describes daily life .........
restored and now they serve .......... boutiques audiences roar with laughter.
and gift shops for tourists.
A) as humorously as
A) such B) humorously enough
B) so C) such a humorous
C) as D) more humorous than
D) like E) so humorously that
E) enough

9-...... birds ....... parrots, parakeets and

5- 'The Commercial Dispatch' is ......... of all mynahs learn to imitate sounds, but they do
the newspapers published in Mississippi. not have the capacity to think or to
understand what they are saying.
 A)the less / the less
A) Rather/than B)the least / the more
B) So/that C)too little / so little
C) Much/like D)little enough / less
D) Such/as E)less / more
E) As/as

14- The city of Aden, which lies in the centre

10-Canadian wolves are ......... wolves in the of an extinct volcano, is one of ---- places on
world and twice ......... a large dog. the Earth.

A) larger than/so big A)the hotter

B) the largest/as big as B)too much hot
C) large enough/bigger than C)so hot
D) too large/too big D)such a hot
E) so large/the biggest E)the hottest

15- Sometimes a dish may not taste ---- nice

11- Drew's car is ---- old ---- the manufacturer ---- it looks
doesn't make spare parts for it any more
A)both / and
A)not only / but also B)either / or
B)both / and C)such / that
C)more / than D)so / as
D)as / as E)more/than
E)so / that

16- The country's production of milk and dairy

12- Of all the continents, the death rate is----- products is not ---- to export, but it is
in Africa, which indicates that the level of sufficient for the domestic consumption.
health care, sanitation and nutrition is very
poor there A) plentiful enough
B)as plentiful as
A)higher C)so plentiful that
B)as high D)too plentiful
C)the highest E)such a plentiful that
D)so high
E)much high

13- ---- cooking oil and salt you use in your

meals, ---- risk you'll have of catching heart
diseases in later years.
BELİRLEYİCİ

THE-THİS-THAT-THESE-THOSE-MY-YOUR-HIS-HER-ITS-OUR-THEIR-YOU-US-THEM

BELİRLEYİCİ İSTEMEYEN YAPILAR

A LOT OF – LOTS OF – PLENTY OF-A GREAT DEAL OF – A COUPLE OF – A MAJORITY OF

A GOOD SUM OF – A NUMBER OF – A LARGE AMOUNT OF

‘OF’ OLMADANDA BELİRLİYİCİ ALABİLENLER

ALL PEOPLE / ALL OF THE PEOPLE / ALL THE PEOPLE
ALL-HALF-BOTH

SAYILABİLEN TEKİL İSİM ALANLAR

EACH PERSON – EVERY PERSON – EACH OF THE PEOPLE
EACH-EVERY-EITHER-NEITHER-THE WHOLE-ANY-MANY A

SADECE ÇOĞUL İSİM İSTEYENLER

MANY-A FEW – FEW – BOTH- A NUMBER OF – A COUPLE OF – SEVERAL- A MAJORİTY OF

SADECE SAYILAMAYAN TEKİL İSİM İSTEYENLER

A LITTLE MONEY
MUCH – A LITTLE – LITTLE – A GREAT DEAL OF – A GOOD SUM OF – A LARGE QUANTITY OF -
A GREAT AMOUNT OF

HEM SAYILABİLEN ÇOĞUL İSİMLER HEM DE SAYILAMAYAN İSİMLER İLE KULLANILANLAR

A LOT OF – LOTS OF – PLENTY OF – SOME – ANY – MOST – ENOUGH – ALL – HALF

TEKİL FİİL

-S , -ES, -IES TAKISI ALAN FİİLLER (COMES – FIXES – STUDIES)

IS – HAS – WAS – DOES
----- OF THE PEOPLE ARE HARDWORKING
EACH / MOST
ÇOĞUL FİİL

FİİLLERİN YALIN HALLERİ (COME-FIX-STUDY)

ARE – HAVE – WERE - DO