Edulap HEY ee citeocoin su tgichworgrenconAgriculture - Characteristics / Status - Technical and Institutional changes in Indian Agriculture - Agricultural performance - Issues in Food Security in India - Non-Institutional and Institutional Agencies in rural credit. Contents 1 Introduction Characteristics of Indian Agriculture. Importance of Agriculture in Indian Economy Problems faced by Indian Agriculture... Institutional and Technological changes in Agriculture . 5.1 Land Reforms. 5.2 Green Revolution and Package Programme... 5.3. Second green reVOIUtiON.nnnnenansrman SA de 6 Food Security ~ Concept and Issues. Itural Institutions in India... 6.1 Different dimensions of Food Security... 6.2 Food Security in India 6.3 _ Initiatives to promote Food Security in India: acc ‘i ie 2I) 6.4 Recent Initiatives of Department of Food & Public Distribution for enhanching Food Security .....25 6.4.1 National Food Security Act (NFSA) 5 28 28 6.4.2 Supporting the Farmer...... 6.4.3. Improving Food grain Management......-mve ssi 6.4.4 Centre of Excellence for PDS. 6.4.5 Policy Change: : 28 6.5 Challenges of food security.. 29 31 34 6.6 Suggestions for Improving Food Security in INdia? ..enssestsesn 7 Rural and Agricultural Credit... MEY ceo wird worsen1 Introduction © Agriculture plays a vital role in India’s economy. Agriculture is the most important occupa for most of the Indian families. © Over 58 per cent of the rural households depend on agriculture as their principal means of livelihood. * Agriculture, along with fisheries and forestry, is one of the largest contributors to the Gross Domestic Product (GOP). * Over 60 % of India’s land area Is arable making it the second largest country in terms of total arable land. Sectoral Share in GVA at basie price at current prices (2011 2 Series) (in %) aaa aonia [ iz | aot | aoieis Janse [206i] ree | 2D T Tes 182 186 | 182 17 179 1s9_| TL 325 [318 308 300) 30.0 | 294 297 Mining & quarging [32 [3129-37-23] 33 2 era ies sat 6 16s leary, gee 7m ; : seater say 2a [23 | 2s | 2s 1 | 28 2 27 Conan a a [i Sewices a0 [300 | oe] se] as} P| asic pce —[ “100.0 | “100.0 | —i00.0 | “100.0 ~i00.0—[ 1000} 00.0 —| 1000 *: Third Rensed Estima Second Revised Eubiaes Fit Revised Estimases, TE" Ad'awod Estates Note: The data given in the table above is the latest one while preparing this document. Kindly follow the monthly Current Affairs magazine of EduTap for the updates in the data. From the above data, kindly have an idea regarding the share of the various secctors in the GVA. * The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation under the Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for the development of the agriculture sector in India * It manages several other bodies, such as the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), to develop other allied agricultural sectors, Agricultural Sector in India at a Glance: BEE oe cccenon nn pase‘At 187.36 milion hectares. India holds the 2° ergest agricultural land inthe world rm 20 agr-cimatic regions. ail 15 major climates in the world exist in India. The country also Possesses 46 of he GO tal types ln the word + In FY2016. total food grain production in India was recorded at 253.16 milion tonnes, whlch Increased to 273.89 mutton tonnes in FY 7 India Is the largest producer of spices, pulses. mik, tea, cashew & hte: & the 2~ larg Producer of wheat ice, [ruts & vegetabies, sugaicane. cotton & ollseeds + india Is one of the largest manufacturers of farm equipment such as tractors. harvesters & there. Inga accounte for nearly one-third of the overall Wactor production. globally. wlth the tractor production nthe county estimated fo increase from 0.87 milion units in FY16 & reach to 16 mition unite By 2030. + Stagnabon ‘egnouture + Low grown crop & ‘rain production (0-4 ‘and 0 percent pa) + Food gran production, 0159.2 MIT 1952- 53, witha yield of 5798kgha ‘The Evolution of Agriculture Sector in In 50 per cent crease in seed subsidy ‘Dpanang cate ‘Adgibonal financial assistance for erocctn erbeuture crops, + Boononsic reforms ‘Schemes like Pradhan Mantr Krishi introduced, greater ‘Sicha Yojana that accords high pron o| ‘encouragement to war secutty Sened 7 eainn of Pee Stabizaton Fund (PSF) Surplus of production of by the Deparment of Agicutre 8 agreutural commodives Cooperation as a pice contol measure to ‘over dameste demand gempen the impact on consumers Indo emerges s anet —. Azocaton of USD83O min forthe ‘exporter of agseuitoral ——_ geyelonment of moto mgabon, watershed! 5 products {8 Pradhan Manin Krishi Sinchat Yoyara Increase m popuiaton 8. The inden agneutural services 8 stcng come growth sgncstural machinery have cumutotrely stacted US02:369 £2 man rom Apa 2000 to Merch 2017 Key Agricultural States and their Contribution: wee cbopoin www.rbigradeb. wordpress.comAgricultural Seasons in Indi The agricultural crop year in india Is from July to June. The indian cropping season is classified into two main seasons based on the monsoon: v Kharif ¥ Rabi © The kharif cropping season is from July October during the south-west monsoon and the Rabi cropping season is from October-March (winter). The crops grown between March and June are summer crops. © The kharif crops include rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet/bajra, finger millet/ragi (cereals), arhar (pulses), soyabean, groundnut (oilseeds), cotton etc. «The rabi crops include wheat, barley, oats (cereals), chickpea/gram (pulses), linseed, mustard (oilseeds) etc. 2 Characteristics of Indian Agriculture ¥ Source of livelihood Agriculture is the main occupation. It provides employment to nearly 61% persons of total population. It contributes 25% to national income. HEY sinc wr pdb warrenDependence on monsoon: Agriculture in India mainly depends on monsoon. if monsoon is good, the production will be more and if monsoon is less than average then the crops fail. Sometimes floods play havoc with our crops. As irrigation facilities are quite inadequate, the agriculture depends on monsoon. ¥ Labour intensive cultivation: Due is increase in population the pressure on land holding increased. Land holdings get fragmentated and subdivided and become uneconomical. Machinery and equipment cannot be used on such farms. ¥ Under employment: Due to inadequate irrigation facilities and uncertain rainfall, the production of agriculture is less, farmers find work a few months in the year. Their capacity of work cannot be properly utilised. In agriculture there is under employment as well as disguised unemployment. ¥ Small size of holdings: Due to large scale sub-division and fragmentation of holdings, land holding size is quite small. Average size of land holding was 2.3 hectares In India while in Australia it was 1993 hectares and in USA it was 158 hectares. ¥ Traditional methods of production: In India metheds of production of agriculture along with equipment are traditional. It Is due Is poverty and illiteracy of people. Traditional technology is the main cause of low production. Y Low Agricultural production: Agricultural production is low in india, India produces 27 Qs. wheat per hectare, France produces 71.2 tls per hectare and Britain 80 Qtls per hectare. Average annual productivity of an agricultural labourer is 162 dollars in India, 973 dollars in Norway and 2408 dollars in USA. ¥ Dominance of food crops: 75% of the cultivated area is under food crops like Wheat, Rice and Bajra, while 25% of cultivated area is under commercial crops. This pattern is cause of backward agriculture 3 Importance of Agriculture in Indian Economy ¥ Economic Growth: Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. Though, with the growth of other sectors, the overall share of agriculture on GDP of the country has decreased. Still, Agriculture continues to play a dominant part in the overall economic scenario of India. HY oe esetzcc0.in waww.rbigradeb.wordpress.com