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1. Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare............................................................................1

2. Ministry Of CIVIL AVIATION.................................................................................................. 23
3. Ministry of Communications................................................................................................ 31

1. Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

●​ Market Intervention Scheme (MIS)
●​ Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF)
●​ Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Scheme (PM KISAN)
●​ Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
●​ Formation & Promotion Of 10,000 New Farmer Producer Organizations (Fpos)
●​ Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maan-Dhan Yojana (Pm-Kmy)
●​ National Mission On Edible Oils – Oil Palm (Nmeo-Op)
●​ Mission For Integrated Development Of Horticulture (Midh)

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●​ Kisan Credit Card (Kcc)
●​ Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (Rkvy) Cafetaria Scheme
●​ Soil Health Card Scheme
●​ Other Schemes/ Miscellaneous Initiatives
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Net Sown Area (NSA): ~140 million hectares (1400 lakh hectares) Gross Cropped Area (GCA):
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~200 million hectares (2000 lakh hectares) Total Agricultural Land: ~181 million hectares (18100
lakh hectares)

Total cultivable area: ~140 million hectares Rainfed area: ~96 million hectares (~68% of total
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cultivable land) Irrigated area: ~44 million hectares (~32% of total cultivable land)

Agriculture contributes around 15-17% to India's GDP and employs about 45-50% of the
population.

Fragmented Land Holdings: Average farm size is 1.08 hectares, leading to low productivity.

In the Union Budget for the fiscal year 2025-26, the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare
has been allocated ₹1,37,757 crore, accounting for 2.7% of the total union budget.

Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS) Central Sector Schemes (CS)

1. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana 1. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi
(PMFBY) (PM-KISAN)

Schemes By : G.Rajput
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2. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana 2. National Agriculture Market (e-NAM)

(PMKSY)

3. National Mission for Sustainable 3. Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme

Agriculture (NMSA)

4. Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM) 4. National Beekeeping and Honey Mission

(NBHM)

5. Soil Health Card Scheme 5. Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF)

6. Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana 6. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maan-Dhan Yojana

(PKVY) (PM-KMY)

7. National Food Security Mission (NFSM) 7. Mission Organic Value Chain Development
(MOVCDNER)

8. Mission for Integrated Development of 8. Dairy Entrepreneurship Development

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Horticulture (MIDH) Scheme (DEDS)

9. National Livestock Mission (NLM) pu 9. Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure

Fund (FIDF)

10. Sub-Mission on Agricultural 10. Agri-Clinics and Agri-Business Centres

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Mechanization (SMAM) (ACABC)

11. Rainfed Area Development (RAD) 11. National Programme on Organic

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Production (NPOP)

12. National Bamboo Mission (NBM) 12. Formation and Promotion of FPOs
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13. National Project on Soil Health and 13. Digital Agriculture Mission
Fertility (NPSHF)

14. Sub-Mission on Seeds and Planting 14. National Horticulture Board (NHB)
Material (SMSP) Schemes

15. Integrated Scheme for Agricultural 15. Pashu Kisan Credit Card Scheme
Marketing (ISAM)

16. Blue Revolution: Integrated Development of 16. Neem Coated Urea Initiative
Fisheries

17. National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm 17. Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses
(NMOOP)

Schemes By : G.Rajput
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18. Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana 18. National Mission on High Yielding
(PMMSY) Seeds

19. National Scheme on Welfare of Fishermen 19. Mission for Cotton Productivity

20. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Unnat Krishi 20. Makhana Board in Bihar
Shiksha Yojana

21. Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) 21. National Mission for Edible Oilseed

22. Krishonnati Yojana (KY) 22. Central Sector Scheme for Drones to
Women SHGs

23. Livestock Health and Disease Control 23. Market Intervention Scheme (MIS)
(LHDC)

24. Sub-Mission on Plant Protection and Plant 24. National Innovations in Climate

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Quarantine Resilient Agri

25. Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi

Yojana
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26. Rural Prosperity and Resilience 26. AgriStack Initiative

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Programme

27. Comprehensive Programme for Vegetables 27. Crop Science for Food and Nutritional
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and Fruits Security

28. Framework for Sustainable Fisheries in 28. Strengthening Agricultural Education

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EEZ and High Seas

29. Bharatiya Prakritik Krishi Padhati (BPKP) 29. Sustainable Development of

Horticulture

30. Per Drop More Crop (PDMC)

31. National Mission on Natural Farming

(NMNF)

Krishonnati Yojana, also known as the Green Revolution – Krishonnati Yojana, is an umbrella
scheme launched by the Government of India in 2016-17 to promote the holistic development of
the agriculture and allied sectors. By consolidating multiple schemes and missions under one
comprehensive framework, it aims to enhance farmers' income by increasing production,
productivity, and ensuring better returns on produce.

Key Objectives:

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Holistic Development: Promote the comprehensive growth of agriculture and allied sectors
through scientific methods.

Increase Farmers' Income: Enhance production and productivity to ensure better returns for
farmers.

Sub-Schemes/Missions under Krishonnati Yojana:

●​ Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH): Aims to promote the

holistic growth of the horticulture sector, enhancing production and improving nutritional
security.

●​ National Food Security Mission (NFSM): Focuses on increasing the production of rice,
wheat, pulses, coarse cereals, and commercial crops through area expansion and
productivity enhancement.

●​ National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA): Promotes sustainable

agriculture practices tailored to specific agro-ecological conditions, emphasizing
integrated farming and soil health management.

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●​ Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM): Aims to increase the reach of
farm mechanization to small and marginal farmers and regions with low farm power
availability.
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●​ Sub-Mission on Seeds and Planting Material (SMSP): Focuses on increasing the
production of certified and quality seeds, strengthening the seed multiplication chain,
and modernizing infrastructure for seed production and storage.
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●​ Integrated Scheme on Agriculture Census, Economics, and Statistics (ISACES):

Aims to collect and analyze agricultural data to aid in policy formulation and
implementation.
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●​ Integrated Scheme on Agricultural Cooperation (ISAC): Seeks to provide financial

assistance for the development of cooperatives and cooperative marketing.

●​ National e-Governance Plan in Agriculture (NeGP-A): Aims to achieve rapid

development of agriculture through the use of Information and Communication
Technology (ICT).

●​ Integrated Scheme on Agricultural Marketing (ISAM): Focuses on promoting

agricultural marketing through the development of infrastructure and regulatory reforms.

●​ National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP): Aims to increase the
production of oilseeds and expand the area under oil palm cultivation.

●​ National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET): Focuses on

strengthening agricultural extension services to disseminate technology and improve
agronomic practices among farmers.

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Recent Developments:

In October 2024, the Union Cabinet approved the continuation and consolidation of Centrally
Sponsored Schemes under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare into two umbrella
programs:

●​ Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (PM-RKVY): Aims to promote sustainable
agriculture and improve agricultural productivity.

●​ Krishonnati Yojana (KY): Focuses on addressing food security and agricultural

self-sufficiency.

The total proposed expenditure for these programs is ₹1,01,321.61 crore, with the central share
under PM-RKVY being ₹57,074.72 crore.

By integrating various schemes under the Krishonnati Yojana, the government aims to
streamline efforts, avoid duplication, and ensure a more focused approach toward agricultural
development, ultimately benefiting farmers and contributing to the nation's food security.

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(1) Market Intervention Scheme (MIS)

●​ The government implements the Market Intervention Scheme (MIS) for procurement of
agricultural and horticultural commodities which are perishable in nature and are not
covered under the Price Support Scheme (PSS).

●​ The objective of intervention is to protect the growers of these commodities from making
distress sale in the event of a bumper crop during the peak arrival period when the
prices tend to fall below economic levels and cost of production. The condition is that
there should be either at least a 10 percent increase in production or a 10 percent
decrease in the ruling market prices over the previous normal year.

●​ The scheme is implemented at the request of a State/UT government which is ready to

bear 50 percent of the loss (25 percent in case of North-Eastern States), if any, incurred
on its implementation.

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●​ Under the scheme, in accordance with MIS guidelines, a pre-determined quantity at the
fixed Market Intervention Price (MIP) is procured by the agencies designated by the
State Government for a fixed period or till the prices are stabilized above the MIP
whichever is earlier.

●​ Under Market Intervention Scheme (MIS), Central Share of losses, if any, incurred in
implementing MIS is released to the State procuring agencies as per the specific
proposals received from the State Governments.

(2)Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF)

A new campaign named 'BHARAT’ (Banks Heralding Accelerated Rural & Agriculture
Transformation) was launched under the scheme.

Facts:

●​ Purpose: To address the existing infrastructure gaps and mobilize investment in

agriculture infrastructure

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●​ Type: Central Sector Scheme
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●​ Implementing Agency: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
(NABARD)
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●​ Tenure: Up to 2032- 33
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Objective:- To mobilize a medium - long term debt Financing facility for investment in viable
projects for post-harvest management Infrastructure and community farming assets.

●​ Background: AIF was launched as part of the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (Self-Reliant
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India Campaign) announced by the Centre in May 2020.

●​ Beneficiaries:
○​ Farmers,
○​ Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS)
○​ Farmer Producers Organisations (FPOs)
○​ Self Help Groups (SHG)
○​ State Agencies/APMCs

●​ Financial assistance

○​ Provision of Rs. 1 Lakh Crore by banks and financial institutions as loans with
interest subvention of 3% per annum and
○​ Credit guarantee coverage under Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and
Small Enterprises (CGTMSE) for loans up to Rs. 2 Crores.

●​ Eligible community assets project

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○​ Projects identified for providing supply chain infrastructure for clusters of crops
including export clusters.

○​ Projects promoted by Central/State/Local Governments or their agencies under

PPP.

○​ Organic inputs production; Bio stimulant production units; Infrastructure for smart
and precision agriculture.

●​ Management and monitoring

○​ Through an online Management Information System (MIS) platform.
○​ National, State and District level Monitoring Committees will ensure realtime
monitoring and effective feedback.

●​ BHARAT campaign

Banks Heralding Accelerated Rural & Agriculture Transformation (BHARAT) campaign

was launched to:

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○​ provide maximum benefits to the people
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○​ create a competitive spirit among the Banks and lending institutions to mobilize
agriculture infrastructure projects loan at a faster pace.

●​ Benefits
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○​ Farmers: will be able to sell in the market with reduced post-harvest losses and a
smaller number of intermediaries.
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○​ Government: will be able to direct priority sector lending in the currently unviable
projects. Promoting Agri-entrepreneurs and start-ups.
○​ Consumers: will get cheap products.
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(3) Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Scheme (PM-KISAN)

The Government released the 16th instalment under the PM-KISAN through Direct Benefit
Transfer.

Facts:

●​ Purpose: To supplement the financial needs of all landholding farmers’ families in

procuring various inputs and also domestic needs
●​ Type: Central Sector Scheme
●​ Beneficiaries: All the landholding farmers, subject to certain exclusions
●​ Benefits: ₹6,000 per year in three equal instalments of ₹ 2,000 each every four months

Objective: To provide income support to all land-holding eligible farmer families (families
include husband, wife and minor children).

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Features:

●​ Land records mandatory: However, exceptions for forest dwellers, Northeastern states
and Jharkhand which have separate provisions for land records are made.

●​ Identification of beneficiary: Responsibility of state/UT government.

●​ Self-registration Mechanism: Through mobile app, PM KISAN portal and Common

Service Centers (CSC).

●​ Kisan Credit Cards (KCC): To be given to All PM-KISAN beneficiaries to provide them
short-term loans for crop and animal/fish rearing at a maximum interest of 4% on timely
repayment.

●​ Prevention of diversion of funds: Physical Verification Module (of 5% beneficiary

every), Aadhar authentication and Income Tax payee verification.

●​ Project Management Unit (PMU): Established at the Central level, PMU is responsible
for overall monitoring of the scheme. The State Government may also consider setting

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up a dedicated PMU.

●​ Grievance redressal: Any grievances received by the Grievance Redressal Committee

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should be preferably disposed of within two weeks.
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●​ Exclusion: Beneficiaries of higher economic status shall not be eligible.

(4) Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)

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The Ministry launched National Crop Insurance Portal’s digitized claim settlement module
namely Digiclaim under the ambit of PMFBY.
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Facts:

●​ Purpose: Comprehensive crop insurance from pre-sowing to post-harvest period

●​ Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme
●​ Beneficiaries: : All farmers including sharecroppers and tenant farmers
●​ Nature: Demand driven scheme and is voluntary for the States as well as farmers

Objectives:

●​ Financial support to farmers suffering crop loss/ damage, stabilizing their income and
ensuring flow of credit to the agriculture sector.
●​ Adoption of innovative & modern agricultural practices and crop diversification

Features:

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●​ Background: PMFBY Replaced the National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and
Modified NAIS.

●​ Beneficiaries:

○​ However, the Restructured Weather-Based Crop Insurance Scheme (RWBCIS)

is still continuing.

○​ RWBCIS uses weather parameters as “proxy" for crop yields in compensating the
cultivators for deemed crop losses.

●​ Crops covered for rabi and kharif: All cereals, millets, pulses, and Oilseeds.

●​ Premium to be paid: Premium is paid as % of the sum assured or Actuarial Premium

Rate (APR), whichever is less.

○​ APR is the premium rate set by insurance companies.

●​ Insured sum of crops:

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○​ Crops with MSP: States/UTs can either choose a scale of finance or district level
value of notional average yield at MSP.
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○​ Crops without MSP: Farm gate price will be considered.

●​ Coverage of risk and exclusion

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○​ Basic Coverage (mandatory): Yield losses (sowing to harvesting) due to
nonpreventable risks like drought, dry spells, flood, inundation, etc.
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○​ Add-On Coverage (Discretion of states): Coverage for Prevented Sowing/

Planting/ Germination Risk, etc.
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○​ General Exclusions: Losses arising out of war and nuclear risks, malicious
damage, and other preventable risks.

●​ Other provisions

○​ Area Approach basis i.e., all the farmers in ‘Insurance Unit (IU)’ face similar risks.
○​ Aadhaar mandatory.
○​ States can set up their own insurance companies.
○​ Allocation of business to Insurance Companies to be done for 3 years.

●​ Steps taken to Increase Coverage

○​ Increase in tenure to 3 years for selection of insurance company through bidding

process;
○​ Introduction of three alternative risk models viz. Profit and Loss Sharing, Cup and
Cap (60-130), Cup and Cap (80-110) under which if no claim is made then a
portion of the premium paid by the state will go into the state treasury itself

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○​ CROPIC (Collection of Real Time Observations and Photo of Crops)

●​ Other Key Initiatives under PMFBY

○​ DigiClaim: Under DigiClaim all the claims are worked out through National Crop
Insurance Portal (NCIP) instead of by insurance company and paid to farmers
accounts using the Public Finance Management System (PFMS), which can be
monitored by Central and State Government.

■​ Farmers do not operate the DigiClaim module and only GoI & State Govt.
functionaries have access to it.

■​ However, on settlement of claims, a SMS with a link is sent to the farmer

from which the farmer can track the status of payment of claims.

○​ Weather Information Network Data Systems (WINDS) portal: A centralized

platform processes hyper-local weather data from Automatic Weather Stations
and Rain Gauges at various levels, improving risk assessment and
decision-making.

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○​ Yield Estimation System, based on Technology (YES-TECH) Manual: A
tech-driven yield estimation system providing methods, best practices, and
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integration insights for precise yield assessments at the Gram Panchayat level.
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○​ Door to Door enrollment app AIDE/Sahayak: Aims to enhance the accessibility
of the scheme.
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○​ Forecasting Agricultural output using Space, Agro- meteorology and Land based
observations (FASAL) project.

○​ National e-Governance Plan in Agriculture (NeGPA) for timely access to

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agriculture related information through ICT use.

○​ National Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring System (NADAMS) for

Agricultural drought assessment.

○​ ISRO’s Geo-platform, Bhuvan, provides data on plantation, pest surveillance and

weather.

(5) Formation And Promotion Of 10,000 New Farmer Producer

Organizations (Fpos)
Facts:

●​ Purpose: Leveraging economies of scale and improving market access for members

●​ Type: Central Sector Scheme

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●​ Beneficiaries: : FPO with a minimum farmer-members’ size of 300 (in plains) and 100 in
(North-Eastern and Hilly areas)

●​ Implementing Agencies (IAs): 9 IAs will help forming FPOs

Objective: To form and promote 10,000 new FPOs till 2027-28..

Salient Features:

●​ BFPO: FPO is a generic name, which means and includes FPOs incorporated/
registered either under Companies Act or under Co-operative Societies Act of the
concerned States.

○​ They are formed for the purpose of leveraging collectives through economies of
scale in production and marketing of agricultural and allied sectors.

●​ Approach: The formation and promotion of FPO is based on Produce Cluster Area

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approach and specialized commodity-based approach.

○​ While adopting cluster-based approach, formation of FPOs will be focused on

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“One District One Product” for development of product specialization.
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●​ Financial assistance to the FPOs: FPOs will be provided:

○​ Financial assistance up to Rs 18.00 lakh per FPO for a period of 3 years.

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○​ matching equity grant up to Rs. 2,000 per farmer member of FPO with a limit of
Rs. 15.00 lakh per FPO and
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○​ a credit guarantee facility up to Rs. 2 crore of project loan per FPO from eligible
lending institutions to ensure institutional credit accessibility to FPOs.

(6) Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maan-Dhan Yojana (Pm-Kmy)

Facts:

●​ Purpose: Old age protection and social security of Small and Marginal Farmers (SMF)
●​ Type: Central Sector Scheme
●​ Eligibility: Land up to 2 ha and age between 18 to 40 years
●​ Fund manager: Life Insurance Corporation (LIC)

Objective: To provide social security to Small and Marginal Farmers in their old age when they
have no means of livelihood and minimal or no savings to take care of their expenses.

Salient Features:

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Benefit:- Assured pension of Rs. 3000/- month on attaining the age of 60 years.

Family pension

○​ If the subscriber dies, the spouse shall be entitled to receive only 50% of the
pension received by the subscriber.

Provisions for disability

●​ If the subscriber becomes disabled before attaining the age of 60 years:

○​ Spouses shall be entitled to continue with the scheme subsequently.

○​ Spouse may exit the Scheme with the subscriber’s share of contribution with
savings bank rate of interest or accumulated interest as actually earned by the
Pension Fund, whichever is higher

Exit provisions

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●​ Premature exit
○​ Exit within ten years from the date of joining the Scheme: Subscribers will
get his/her share of contribution with savings bank rate of interest
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●​ Exit after 10 years from the date of joining but before the age of 60: Subscribers will
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get his/her share of contribution with savings bank rate of interest or accumulated
interest as actually earned by the Pension Fund, whichever is higher
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(7) National Mission On Edible Oils – Oil Palm (Nmeo-Op)

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Facts:

●​ Purpose: To reduce dependence on edible oil imports

●​ Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme
●​ Special focus regions: North east and Andaman and Nicobar Islands
●​ Tenure: Up to 2025-26

Objective : To enhance the edible oil seeds production by harnessing Oil Palm area expansion.

Background:- The mission was launched in 2021. and the oil palm development programme of
National Food Security Mission (NFSM- Oil palm programme) was also subsumed under this
scheme.

Target:- Till 2025-26:

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○​ To increase the area of oil palm to 10 lakh hectares by adding an additional 6.50
lakh ha (3.22 lakh hectares for general state and 3.28 lakh ha in North Eastern
states).
○​ Increase in Crude Palm Oil production to 11.20 lakh tonnes
●​ Increase consumer awareness to maintain consumption level of 19.00 kg/person/
annum.

(8) Mission For Integrated Development Of Horticulture (Midh)

Facts:

●​ Purpose: Holistic development of horticulture in the country

●​ Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme
●​ Assistance: Financial & technical assistance is provided to States/UTs for key
interventions
●​ Coverage: All the States/UTs are covered

Objective:-

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●​ Adopt an end-to-end holistic approach covering production, post-harvest management,
processing and marketing to assure appropriate returns to growers/producers.
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●​ Promote R&D technologies for production, post-harvest management and processing.
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●​ Enhance acreage, coverage, and productivity through diversification (from traditional
crops to plantations, orchards, vineyards, etc.) and extension of appropriate technology
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to farmers.

●​ Adopt a coordinated approach and promote partnership, convergence and synergy.

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●​ Enhance horticulture production and productivity, encourage aggregation of farmers and

support their skill development.

Salient Features:

Background: Scheme is being implemented from 2014-15.

Sub-schemes

●​ National Horticulture Mission (NHM): To promote holistic growth of horticulture sector

through an area based regionally differentiated strategies.

●​ Horticulture Mission for North East & Himalayan States (HMNEH): It is a technology
mission which focuses on production of quality planting material, organic farming,
efficient water management, etc.

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●​ National Horticulture Board (NHB): NHB is implementing various schemes under
MIDH in all States and UTs.

●​ Coconut Development Board (CDB): CDB is implementing various schemes under

MIDH in all Coconut growing states in the country.

●​ Central Institute for Horticulture (CIH), Nagaland: Established for providing technical
support through capacity building and training of farmers and Field functionaries in the
North Eastern Region.

(9) Kisan Credit Card (Kcc)

Facts:

●​ Purpose: To meet the financial requirements of farmers at various stages of farming

●​ Implementing agency: Commercial Banks, RRBs, Small Finance Banks and

Cooperatives.

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●​ Eligibility: Farmers - individual/joint borrowers who are owner cultivators; Tenant
farmers, oral lessees & share croppers; Self Help Groups (SHGs) or Joint Liability
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Groups (JLGs) of farmers including tenant farmers, share croppers etc.

●​ Allied sectors coverage: Animal husbandry and fishery related

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Objectives:
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Adequate and timely credit support from the banking system under a single window with flexible
and simplified procedure for meeting:
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●​ Short term credit requirements for cultivation of crops,

●​ Post-harvest expenses,
●​ Produce marketing loan,
●​ Consumption requirements of Farmer Household,
●​ Working Capital for maintenance of farm assets,
●​ Investment credit requirement for agriculture and allied activities

Salient Features:

Short-term credit

●​ Collateral free loan up to Rs. 1.6 lakh No processing fee Interest Subvention: 3% p.a.
interest subvention for prompt borrowers up to Rs. 3.00 lakhs. Premium borne by both
the bank and borrower (in 2:1 ratio respectively).

Long term credit

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●​ Long term credit limit portion: Investment credit requirement for agriculture and allied
activities.

Risk coverage

●​ Death or permanent disability resulting from accidents caused by external, violent and
visible means to KCC holders.

Other facilities

●​ All PM-KISAN beneficiaries are given the KCC

●​ ATM enabled RuPay Card
●​ Any number of withdrawals within the limit
●​ One-time documentation

(10) Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (Rkvy) Cafetaria Scheme

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Facts:

●​
●​
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Purpose: Incentivizes States to increase public investment in Agriculture & allied sector
Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme
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●​ Coverage: All States / UTs shall be eligible for funding under RKVYRAFTAAR
●​ Flexibilities to states: States can select projects and programmes under the scheme as
per their need, priorities and agro-climate requirements
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Objective:-

●​ To strengthen the farmers’ efforts through creation of required pre and postharvest
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agri-infrastructure that increases access to quality inputs, storage, market facilities etc.

●​ To provide autonomy, flexibility to States to plan and execute schemes as per local/
farmers needs.

●​ To promote value chain addition linked production models that will help farmers increase
their income as well as encourage production/productivity.

●​ To mitigate risk of farmers with focus on additional income generation activities

●​ To attend national priorities through several sub-schemes.

●​ To empower youth through skill development, innovation and agrientrepreneurship

based agribusiness models that attract them to agriculture.

Salient Features:

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Key Components of RKVY-RAFTAAR:

●​ Infrastructure and Assets: Development of agricultural infrastructure to promote value

chain addition and post-harvest management.

●​ Value Addition Linked Production Projects: Projects aimed at enhancing the value of
agricultural products.

●​ Flexi-funds: Funds allocated to states for innovative projects specific to their needs.

●​ Sub-schemes: Special schemes addressing national priorities like organic farming and
crop diversification.

●​ Innovation and Agri-Entrepreneurship Development: Promoting agripreneurship and

agribusiness by providing financial support and nurturing the incubation ecosystem.

●​ agristartup.gov.in

Recent Developments:

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In October 2024, the Cabinet approved the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
(PM-RKVY) and Krishonnati Yojana (KY) with a total proposed expenditure of ₹1,01,321.61
crore. These schemes aim to promote sustainable agriculture and address food security and
agricultural self-sufficiency.
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Innovation & Agri-Entrepreneurship programme:
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●​ Financial support is provided to entrepreneurs in the field of agriculture & allied sector to
set up their startups.

○​ Rs. 5.00 lakh is provided at the idea/pre seed stage and Rs. 25 lakh at the seed
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stage as grant-in-aid under the programme.

○​ So far, more than 1500 Agri-Startups have been supported under this programme
during FY 2019-20 to 2023-24.

●​ DA&FW has selected 5 Knowledge Partners (KPs) as Centre of Excellence and 24

RKVYRAFTAAR Agribusiness Incubators (R-ABIs) from across the country to support
agri-startups throughout the country

(11) Soil Health Card Scheme

Facts:

●​ Purpose: To facilitate farmers for better understanding of soil and Integrated Nutrient
Management (INM)

●​ Subcomponent of: RKVY cafeteria scheme (Soil Health & Fertility component)

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●​ Soil Health card (SHC): A printed report card issued to farmers once in three years
indicating the status of his soil in terms of 12 parameters

●​ SHC Portal: Facilitates generation of SHCs in a uniform and standardized format

Objective:

●​ To assist State Governments to issue soil health cards to all farmers in the country, so as
to provide a basis to address nutrient.

●​ To develop and promote soil test based nutrient management in the districts for
enhancing nutrient use efficiency.

●​ To strengthen functioning of Soil Testing Laboratories (STLs) through capacity building,

involvement of agriculture students and effective linkage with Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR).

Salient Features:

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Background: HC scheme was launched in 2014-15 as a component of: National Mission for
Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA). However, from 2022-23 the scheme will be merged into
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) cafeteria scheme.
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Soil Health card (SHC): It indicates the status of soil in terms of 12 parameters (refer to the
infographics).
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●​ It is also accompanied by advice on the various fertilizers and other soil amendments he
is supposed to make.
●​ It can be printed in various major languages and dialects.
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12 Parameters of SHC card

●​ 5 Micro – nutrients: Zink (Z), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Boron (B)
●​ 1 Secondary- nutrient: Sulphur (S)
●​ 3 Macro- nutrients: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K)
●​ 3 Physical parameters: pH (Soil reaction, Acidity/Alkalinity), Electrical Conductivity,
Organic Carbon (OC)

OTHER SCHEMES/ MISCELLANEOUS INITIATIVES

●​ National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) (2016): Launched on April 14, 2016, e-NAM is a
pan-India electronic trading portal that integrates existing Agricultural Produce Market
Committee (APMC) mandis to create a unified national market for agricultural
commodities, promoting transparency and better price discovery for farmers.

●​ National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) (2011): Initiated by

the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) in 2011, NICRA aims to enhance the

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 19
resilience of Indian agriculture to climate change and variability through strategic
research and technology demonstrations.

●​ Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan (PM-AASHA) (2018): Launched

in 2018, PM-AASHA aims to ensure remunerative prices to farmers for their produce by
implementing mechanisms such as Price Support Scheme (PSS), Price Deficiency
Payment Scheme (PDPS), and Pilot of Private Procurement & Stockist Scheme (PPPS).

●​ Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture (ARYA) (2015): Initiated by ICAR in

2015, ARYA aims to attract and empower youth in rural areas to take up agriculture and
allied sectors as a profession, thereby reducing migration from rural to urban areas.

●​ Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Knowledge Network (1974): Established in 1974, KVKs
are agricultural extension centers created by ICAR to provide various types of farm
support to the agricultural sector, including technology dissemination and capacity
building.

●​ National Agricultural Higher Education Project (NAHEP) (2017): Launched in 2017

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by ICAR with financial assistance from the World Bank, NAHEP aims to support

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participating agricultural universities and colleges in providing more relevant and
high-quality education to agricultural students.

●​ Farmer FIRST (Farm, Innovations, Resources, Science, and Technology) (2016):

Initiated by ICAR in 2016, the Farmer FIRST program focuses on enriching
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farmers-scientists interface, technology assemblage, application, and feedback, ensuring
the inclusion of farmers in research problem identification and prioritization.
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●​ FARMS-App (Farm Machinery Solutions-App) (2018): Launched by the Ministry of

Agriculture and Farmers Welfare in 2018, this app facilitates hiring and renting of farm
machinery and equipment by farmers, promoting mechanization in agriculture.
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●​ Integrated Scheme for Agricultural Marketing (ISAM) / AGMARKNET Portal (2000):

Launched in 2000, AGMARKNET is a portal under ISAM that links Agricultural Produce
Market Committees (APMCs) across the country, providing daily market prices and
arrivals information to farmers and other stakeholders.

●​ National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET) (2014):

Launched in 2014, NMAET aims to restructure and strengthen agricultural extension to
enable delivery of appropriate technology and improved agronomic practices to farmers.

●​ e-Rashtriya Kisan Agri Mandi (e-RAKAM) (2017): Launched in 2017, e-RAKAM is a

digital initiative to facilitate the selling of agricultural produce through transparent
e-bidding, empowering farmers with better price realization.

●​ Hortinet – Farmer Connect App (2017): Launched by the Agricultural and Processed
Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) in 2017, this app enables

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 20
farmers to register and track their horticultural produce for export purposes, ensuring
quality and compliance with international standards.

●​ Meghdoot App (2019): Launched in 2019, Meghdoot is a collaborative initiative by the

India Meteorological Department (IMD) and ICAR to provide location-specific weather
forecasts and agro-meteorological advisories to farmers, aiding in weather-informed
farming decisions.

●​ Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Unnat Krishi Shiksha Yojana (PDDUUKSY) (2016):
Launched in 2016 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, this scheme aims
to promote agricultural education and research in rural areas, enhancing skill
development and employment opportunities in the agriculture sector.

●​ Centralized Farm Machinery Performance Testing Portal (2014): Developed in 2014,

this portal streamlines the testing and evaluation process of farm machinery, ensuring
quality and performance standards, assisting farmers in making informed choices about
agricultural equipment.

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●​ Horticulture Cluster Development Programme (2021): Initiated in 2021 by the

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Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, this program aims to promote the holistic
growth of horticulture by developing clusters, enhancing productivity, and ensuring
market linkages for horticultural produce.

●​ Agri Udan (2016): Launched by the Ministry of Civil Aviation, this initiative aims to
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support agribusiness startups by providing them with mentorship, resources, and
exposure to investors, facilitating innovation and growth in the agricultural sector.
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●​ Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav (2015): An initiative by the Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR) where agricultural scientists adopt villages to provide farmers with
scientific knowledge and advisories, enhancing agricultural productivity and
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sustainability.

●​ Agri-Market Infrastructure Fund (AMIF) (2018): Established with a corpus of ₹2,000

crore, AMIF aims to develop and upgrade agricultural marketing infrastructure in Gramin
Agricultural Markets (GrAMs) and Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs),
enhancing market access for farmers.

●​ E-Krishi Samvad (2016): A digital platform launched by ICAR to provide farmers with
direct access to agricultural experts for real-time solutions to their queries, promoting
informed decision-making in farming practices.

●​ e-Rashtriya Kisan Agri Mandi (e-RAKAM) (2017): An online platform developed by

MSTC Limited and CRWC to facilitate the selling of agricultural produce through
transparent e-bidding, empowering farmers with better price realization.

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 21

Integrated Scheme for Agricultural Marketing schemes (AGMARKNET) portal:

●​ Type: Central Sector Schemes

●​ Objectives: To develop agricultural marketing infrastructure for effectively managing

marketable surplus of agriculture including horticulture and of allied sectors.

●​ It is a G2C e-governance portal for providing agricultural marketing related information

from a single window.

●​ It facilitates web- based information flow, of the daily arrivals and prices of commodities
in the agricultural produce markets spread across the country.

5 components under two implementing agencies:

●​ Directorate of Marketing & Inspection or DMI (a division of the ministry)

○​ Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI) a sub scheme of Integrated Scheme

for Agricultural Marketing (ISAM)

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○​ Marketing Information Network (MRIN)

○​ Strengthening of Agmark Grading Facilities (SAGF)

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●​ Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium or SFAC (an autonomous organization)

○​ Agri-Business Development (ABD) through Venture Capital Assistance (VCA)

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and Project Development Facility (PDF)

○​ Choudhary Charan Singh National Institute of Agriculture Marketing (NIAM)

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National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET)

●​ Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme

●​ Objectives: To make the extension system farmer-driven and farmer-accountable by

way of new institutional arrangements for technology dissemination.

●​ It was introduced under the umbrella of Agriculture Technology Management Agency

(ATMA).

●​ It involves a judicious mix of

○​ extensive physical outreach and interactive methods of information

dissemination, use of ICT, institution strengthening to promote mechanisation,
and

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 22
○​ Encourage aggregation of Farmers into Interest Groups (FIGs) to form Farmer
Producer Organizations (FPOs).

●​ Key components

○​ Sub Mission on Agricultural Extension (SMAE): It focuses on awareness

creation and enhanced use of appropriate technologies in agriculture & allied
sectors.

○​ Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM): Financial assistance is

provided for establishing ‘Custom Hiring Centres (CHCs)’ and ‘Hi-tech Hubs of
High-Value Machines’.

○​ Sub Mission on Seed and Planting Material (SMSP): To produce and supply
quality seeds to farmers through Seed Village Programme, Establishment of
Seed Processing- cum- Seed Storage Godowns, National Seed Reserve, etc.

○​ Sub Mission on Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine (SMPP): Regulatory,

surveillance and capacity building functions to shield our bio-security from the

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incursion and spread of alien species.
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Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan (PMAASHA)
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●​ Aim: To provide remunerative price to the farmers
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●​ There are 3 components in the scheme. (Price Support Scheme, Private Procurement &
Stockist Scheme (PPPS) and Price Deficiency Payment System)
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1. PRICE SUPPORT SCHEME (PSS)

○​ Physical procurement of pulses, oilseeds & Copra by Centre Nodal Agencies.

Central Government to bear procurement expenditure and losses due to
procurement

2. PRICE DEFICIENCY PAYMENT SCHEME (PDPS)

○​ To cover all oilseeds for which MSP is notified. Farmers to get direct payment to
the difference between MSP & selling price

3. PILOT OF PRIVATE PROCUREMENT & STOCKIST SCHEME (PPPS)

○​ Private sector participation in procurement operations to be piloted. For oilseeds,

states have the option to roll out PPPS on pilot basis

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 23
●​ States/UTs have an option to implement either PSS or PDPS with respect to particular
notified oilseeds in a given procurement season for the entire State.

Recently, the Centre has removed the procurement ceiling of 40% on three pulses -tur, urad and
masur- under the PSS for the 2023-24 in order to boost domestic production.

●​ The decision assures the procurement of these pulses from farmers at MSP without
ceilings.

2. Ministry Of CIVIL AVIATION

●​ Ude Desh Ka Aam Naagrik (Udan)/Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS)

●​ Digiyatra Platform

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●​ NABH (Nextgen Airports for Bharat)
●​ Krishi p
●​ Udan
●​ Other SCHEMES/INITIATIVES
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Scheme Objective Launch Key Progress (as of Impact
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Date Features 2025)

UDAN Make air travel October - Caps fares - 100+ airports Boosts
(Regional affordable and 2016 at operationalized tourism, trade,
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Connectivity enhance ₹2,500/hour - 1,000+ routes and

Scheme) connectivity to flight awarded employment
unserved - Viability in Tier-2/3
regions Gap Funding cities;
(VGF) promotes
- Revives inclusivity
unserved
airports
- Includes
helicopters,
seaplanes

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 24

NABH Expand airport 2016 - Build 100 - 56 new airports Supports

Nirman infrastructure (under new airports targeted India's rise as
Initiative for 1 billion NCAP) - ₹2 trillion - Jewar, Navi a top aviation
(NABH annual investment Mumbai market;
(NextGen passenger - Modernize underway enhances
Airports for trips existing regional
BHarat) airports connectivity

Krishi UDAN Transport 2020-21 - Focus on - Krishi UDAN Enhances

agricultural (Budget) perishables 2.0 launched farmers’
produce to - Subsidies with cold chain income,
improve for transport focus strengthens
farmers’ - Integrates rural
income with UDAN economy, and
airports boosts
exports

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Digi Yatra Enable 2022 - Facial - Expanded to Reduces
paperless, recognition 25+ airports queue times,
seamless air p - Digi Yatra (e.g., Delhi, improves
travel with ID linked to Bengaluru) security, and
biometric Aadhaar enhances
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technology - Eliminates passenger
physical experience
documents
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Digi Yatra Enable 2022 - Facial - Expanded Reduces queue

paperless, recognition to 25+ times, improves
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seamless air - Digi Yatra ID airports security, and

travel with linked to (e.g., Delhi, enhances
biometric Aadhaar Bengaluru) passenger
technology - Eliminates experience
physical
documents

PLI Promote 2021 - 20% value - Domestic Boosts

Scheme indigenous addition production innovation,
for Drones drone incentives started for employment,
manufacturing - Supports civil/defense and India’s
startups/MSMEs use global drone
- Complements market
Drone Rules competitiveness
2021

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 25

Electronic Digitize pilot February - Tamper-proof - India is 2nd Speeds up

Personnel licensing for 2025 digital licenses country processes,
License efficiency and - Integrated with globally to reduces
(EPL) transparency DGCA implement paperwork, and
e-Governance EPL sets regulatory
platform benchmark

Vision Roadmap for January - Targets 2,359 - Guides Positions India

2040 1.1 billion 2019 aircraft, 200 UDAN, as a global
passengers airports NABH aviation leader
and aviation - $40-50 billion planning with long-term
growth by investment infrastructure
2040 - 17 million tons development
cargo capacity

INTRODUCTION:

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●​ The Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible for formulation of national policies and
programmes for the development and regulation of the Civil Aviation sector in the
country.
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●​ It is responsible for the administration of the Aircraft Act, 1934, Aircraft Rules, 1937 and
various other legislations pertaining to the aviation sector in the country.
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●​ This Ministry exercises administrative control over attached and autonomous

organizations like the Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Bureau of Civil Aviation
Security and Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Udan Academy and affiliated Public Sector
Undertakings like National Aviation Company of India Limited, Airports Authority of India
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and Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited.

●​ The Commission of Railway Safety, which is responsible for safety in rail travel and
operations in terms of the provisions of the Railways Act, 1989 also comes under the
administrative control of this Ministry.

Ude Desh Ka Aam Naagrik (Udan)/Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS)

●​ UDAN is a regional connectivity scheme spearheaded by the Government of India (GoI).

The full form of UDAN is ‘Ude Desh ka Aam Nagarik’ and aims to develop smaller
regional airports to allow common citizens easier access to aviation services.

●​ Objectives

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 26
○​ The primary objective of RCS is to facilitate / stimulate regional air connectivity by
making it cheap and affordable.

○​ Promoting affordability of regional air connectivity is envisioned under RCS by

supporting airline operators through: Concessions and Financial (viability gap
funding or VGF) support.

○​ The subsidy will be provided under the UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam naagrik)
scheme for three-years so that the route would become viable.

●​ It will be provided to airlines to fund their losses to enable them to offer airfares at Rs.
2,500 for an hour’s flight on half the seats under the Regional Connectivity Scheme.

●​ The subsidy amount for airlines connecting to one regional airport will vary between Rs.
2,350 and Rs. 5,100 per seat depending upon distance covered between two
destinations.

●​ Besides, airlines can also transfer their rights or contract to get subsidies from the
government and fly on regional routes to another airline operating a similar type of

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aircraft.

●​ The scheme seeks to connect unconnected towns with the help of Viability gap funding
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(VGF). The scheme proposes to offer concessions to the airlines to encourage them to
fly on regional routes.
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●​ Airports Authority of India (AAI) is the implementing agency of the scheme.
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●​ The bids for the routes will be on a “reverse auction” basis. Accordingly the airlines
quoting the lowest amount of subsidy would be given the right to fly on a particular RCS
route.
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●​ The government also proposes to exempt airlines from all landing, parking and other
charges on the RCS airports.

●​ The airlines are required to commit around 50% of the seats as RCS seats on RCS
flights.

Digiyatra Platform

●​ It is a biometrics-based digital processing system for passenger entry and related

requirements at the airport.

●​ It facilitates paperless travel and avoids identity checks at multiple points in an airport.
Each passenger would get a unique Digi Yatra ID.

NABH (Nextgen Airports for Bharat)

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 27

●​ It seeks expansion of the airport capacity more than 5 times to handle a billion
trips a year.

●​ It aims to establish about 100 airports in 10-15 years at an estimated investment

of Rs 4 lakh crore and a large percentage of the investment is to come from the
private sector.

Krishi Udan

●​ Announced in Budget 2020-21. Yet to be launched.

●​ Krishi Udan will be launched by the Aviation Ministry on international and national routes.

●​ By assisting farmers in transporting agricultural products it will immensely help improve

value realisation (on agricultural products), especially in the north-east and tribal
districts.

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1. UDAN (Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik) - Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS)

●​ Launch Year: 2016

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●​ Objective: To make air travel affordable and accessible to common citizens, especially
in underserved and unserved regions.
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●​ Key Features:
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○​ Subsidized airfares (capped at ₹2,500 per hour of flight).

○​ Viability Gap Funding (VGF) for airlines.
○​ Development of regional airports and airstrips.
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●​ Phases: UDAN 1.0 (2017), UDAN 2.0 (2018), UDAN 3.0 (2019), UDAN 4.0 (2020),
UDAN 5.0 (2023).

●​ Achievements:

○​ Over 400 routes were operationalized.

○​ 70+ airports/heliports/water aerodromes revived.

●​ Impact: Improved connectivity to remote areas, boosting tourism and economic growth.

2. DigiYatra

●​ Launch Year: 2018 (piloted), fully operationalized in 2022.

●​ Objective: To provide a seamless, paperless travel experience using facial recognition
technology.

●​ Key Features:

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 28
○​ Biometric-based check-in, security clearance, and boarding.
○​ Linked to Aadhaar and boarding pass.

●​ Airports Implemented: Delhi, Bengaluru, Varanasi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Pune.

●​ Impact: Reduced waiting time, enhanced security, and improved passenger experience

3. National Civil Aviation Policy (NCAP), 2016

●​ Launch Year: 2016

●​ Objective: To create an ecosystem for the holistic growth of the civil aviation sector.
●​ Key Features:
○​ Liberalization of the aviation sector.
○​ Promotion of cargo and MRO services.
○​ Development of greenfield airport

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●​ Impact: Increased domestic air traffic, improved infrastructure, and job creation.
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4. Airport Modernization and Expansion
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●​ Launch Year: Ongoing since 2014 (under the new government).
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●​ Objective: To upgrade and modernize airports to handle increasing passenger traffic.

●​ Key Features:
○​ Greenfield Airports: Jewar (Noida), Navi Mumbai, Mopa (Goa).
○​ Privatization: Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad.
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○​ Expansion: Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad.

●​ Investment: Over ₹1.5 lakh crore invested in airport infrastructure (2014-2023).

●​ Impact: Improved passenger handling capacity and service quality.

5. Krishi Udan Scheme

●​ Launch Year: 2020

●​ Objective: To assist farmers in transporting agricultural products to markets.
●​ Key Features:
○​ Reduced air freight charges for perishable goods.
○​ Focus on fruits, vegetables, and seafood.

●​ Impact: Reduced post-harvest losses and increased farmers' income.

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 29

6. Drone Regulations and PLI Scheme for Drones

●​ Launch Year:
○​ Drone Rules: 2021
○​ PLI Scheme: 2021
●​ Objective: To promote the use of drones for commercial and industrial purposes.
●​ Key Features
○​ Simplified licensing and operations under Drone Rules, 2021.
○​ PLI scheme offers incentives for drone manufacturers.

●​ Impact: Increased adoption of drones in agriculture, surveillance, and delivery.

7. Air Cargo Promotion

●​ Launch Year: Ongoing since 2016 (under NCAP).

●​ Objective: To enhance the efficiency and capacity of air cargo operations.

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●​ Key Features:
○​ Development of cargo terminals.
○​ Streamlining customs processes.
○​ Promotion of e-commerce.
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●​ Impact: Increased air cargo volumes and improved logistics efficiency.
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8. Skill Development in Aviation
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●​ Launch Year: Ongoing since 2016 (under NCAP).

●​ Objective: To address the skill gap and create employment opportunities.
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●​ Key Programs:
○​ Establishment of aviation training institutes.
○​ Collaboration with industry for training pilots, cabin crew, and technicians.

●​ Impact: Skilled workforce and increased job opportunities in the aviation sector.

9. Green and Sustainable Aviation

●​ Launch Year: Ongoing since 2016 (under NCAP).

●​ Objective: To reduce the environmental impact of aviation operations.
●​ Key Initiatives :
○​ Promotion of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF).
○​ Energy-efficient airport infrastructure.

●​ Impact: Reduced carbon emissions and improved sustainability.

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 30

10. Helicopter and Seaplane Operations

●​ Launch Year: 2020 (under UDAN 3.0).

●​ Objective: To promote regional connectivity and tourism.
●​ Key Features:
○​ Development of heliports and water aerodromes.
○​ -Subsidies for operators under UDAN.

●​ Impact: Improved connectivity to remote and tourist destinations.

11. Passenger Facilitation and Grievance Redressal

●​ Launch Year: Air Sewa Portal: 2016.

●​ Objective: To improve passenger experience and address complaints.
●​ Key Initiatives :
○​ Air Sewa portal for grievance redressal.
○​ Enhanced customer service at airports.

12. COVID-19 Relief Measures

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●​ Impact: Improved passenger satisfaction and smoother travel experience.
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●​ Launch Year: 2020 (during the pandemic).
●​ Objective: To support the aviation sector during the pandemic.
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●​ Key Measures:
○​ Financial assistance to airlines and airports.
○​ Waiver of airport charges.
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○​ Health and safety protocols.

●​ Impact: Helped the aviation sector recover from pandemic-related losses.

13. Promotion of MRO (Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul) Industry

●​ Launch Year: 2016 (under NCAP).

●​ Objective: To make India a global hub for MRO services.
●​ Key Measures:
○​ Tax incentives and reduced GST rates.
○​ Development of MRO hubs.

●​ Impact: Increased domestic MRO capabilities and job creation.

14. International Cooperation and Open Skies Policy

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 31
●​ Launch Year: Open Skies Policy: 1990s (revised in 2016 under NCAP).
●​ Objective: To enhance international connectivity and promote India as a global aviation
hub.
●​ Key Features:
○​ Bilateral air service agreements.
○​ Open Skies Policy for countries beyond 5,000 km.
●​ Impact: Increased international flights and tourism.

15. Airport Economic Regulatory Authority (AERA) Reforms

●​ Launch Year: AERA established in 2009 (reforms ongoing).

●​ Objective: To ensure fair and transparent regulation of airport tariffs.
●​ Key Features:
○​ Revision of tariff structures.
○​ Focus on competition and efficiency.

●​ Impact: Balanced interests of passengers and airport operators.

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3. Ministry of Communications
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In the Union Budget for the fiscal year 2025-26, the Ministry of Communications has been
allocated ₹1,08,105 crore, reflecting a 28% decrease from the previous year's allocation of
₹1,50,201 crore.
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Key Allocations and Initiatives:

●​ BharatNet Project: A significant investment of ₹22,000 crore has been earmarked to

enhance broadband connectivity in rural areas, including all government secondary
schools and primary healthcare centers.

●​ Support for BSNL: The state-owned telecom corporation, Bharat Sanchar Nigam
Limited (BSNL), has been allocated approximately ₹34,257 crore for FY26, marking a
53% decrease from the revised allocation of ₹72,528 crore in FY25.

●​ Customs Duty Adjustments: To support domestic manufacturing, the Basic Customs

Duty on carrier-grade Ethernet switches has been reduced from 20% to 10%, aligning it
with non-carrier-grade switches. Additionally, the 2.5% duty on mobile phone
components, including printed circuit board assemblies, camera modules, and
connectors, has been eliminated

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 32

BharatNet

●​ BharatNet Project was originally launched in 2011 as the National Optical Fibre Network
(NOFN) and renamed as Bharat-Net in 2015.

●​ It seeks to provide connectivity to 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats (GPs) through optical fibre.

●​ It is a flagship mission implemented by Bharat Broadband Network Ltd. (BBNL).

●​ The objective is to facilitate the delivery of e-governance, e-health, e-education,

e-banking, Internet and other services to rural India.

Implementation:

●​ The project is a Centre-State collaborative project, with the States contributing free
Rights of Way for establishing the Optical Fibre Network.

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●​ The project is being funded by Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF), which was set
up for improving telecom services in rural and remote areas of the country.
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PLI SCHEME FOR PROMOTING TELECOM & NETWORKING PRODUCTS
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Facts:
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●​ Purpose: to create a robust domestic value chain in India.

●​ Type: Central Sector Scheme
●​ Implementing Agency: Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
●​ Tenure: Investment from 2021 up to Financial Year 2024-2025 only
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Objective: Provides financial incentive to boost domestic manufacturing and attract investments
in the target segments of telecom and networking products to encourage “Make in India”

Features:

●​ Scope: Support under the Scheme shall be provided only to companies for
manufacturing of goods in India.

●​ Eligible Investment: Expenditure incurred segments like

○​ New plant, machinery, equipment

○​ Research and Development (R&D)
○​ Transfer of Technology (ToT)
○​ Expenditure on civil works (installation and erection of plant, machineries, etc,)

●​ Target Segments

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 33
○​ Core Transmission Equipment
○​ 4G/5G, Next Generation Radio Access Network and Wireless Equipment
○​ Access & Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), Internet of Things (IoT) Access
Devices and Other Wireless Equipment
○​ Enterprise equipment: Switches, Routers
○​ Any Other Product: As decided by the EGoS.

●​ Financial incentive

○​ Tenure of incentive payment: Maximum 5 years

○​ Rate of incentive: 7%-4% on the incremental sales over Base Year (FY 2019-20)
for MSMEs and 6% to 4 % over for others.
○​ Additional 1% incentive under Design-led PLI for products that are designed and
manufactured in India.

OTHER SCHEMES/INITIATIVES

National Broadband Mission p ut

●​ Aim: To enable fast track growth of digital communications infrastructure. It aims to fulfill
the three objectives of universality, affordability, and quality of broadband services.
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Key components and targets
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●​ Broadband Connectivity to Villages: Under the BharatNet Project, so far, 1.81 lakh
GPs have been made Service Ready.

●​ Availability of Broadband Speeds (Mbps): To achieve broadband speeds up to 50

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Mbps by 2024-25.

●​ Fiberization: Increase Optical Fibre Cable (OFC) up to 50 Lakh Km by 2024-25.

●​ Other components: Increase Towers, Fiberization of Telecom Towers/ Base

Transceiver Station and Mapping of Fiber Cumulative.

●​ Funding: It would be funded largely by the industries. Government to contribute 10%

through the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF).

2. Tarang Sanchar portal

●​ It provides information on Mobile Towers and Electro Magnetic Frequency (EMF)

Emission Compliances.

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 34
●​ Information could be accessed by paying the fee.

Easy access to Information on Mobile Towers

●​ Information on Mobile Towers and Electromagnetic radiation (EMF) Emission

Compliances
●​ Clears the myths and misconceptions on mobile towers and emissions
●​ User can get tower or base station checked for radiation emission

3. Sanchar Saathi Portal

●​ It was launched to fulfil the vision of safe and secure communication under Digital India
programme.

●​ Through this portal, people will be able to block, track and check genuineness of a used
device before buying them.

●​ Portal, developed by Department of Telecom, will enable citizens with following three

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modules:

○​ Centralized Equipment Identity Register (CEIR) for tracing/blocking of lost/ stolen

mobile devices.
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○​ Know Your Mobile to check the number of mobile connections taken in a
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subscriber’s name.

○​ ASTR (Artificial Intelligence and Facial Recognition powered Solution for Telecom
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SIM Subscriber Verification) to identify fraudulent subscribers.

4. Bharat EMart
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●​ India Post signed an MoU with Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT) and Tripta
Technologies to facilitate operationalisation of Bharat EMart portal.

●​ It will provide facility of pick-up of consignments from premises of traders and will ensure
delivery at the doorsteps of consignees across the country.

○​ The platform has around 8 crore traders registered under it.

●​ Bharat e-Mart would provide much needed logistics support to small traders which would
increase their businesses and also the opportunities for employment.

5. Central Equipment Identity Register (CEIR)

●​ The government is set to launch the CEIR system across the country.

●​ CEIR is the citizen centric portal of the Department of Telecommunications for tracing the
lost/stolen mobile devices.

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 35
●​ This also facilitates blocking of lost/stolen mobile devices in the network of all telecom
operators so that lost/stolen devices cannot be used in India.

●​ To report a lost or stolen smartphone, one needs details like mobile number of SIM cards
installed, IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) number, and a mobile purchase
invoice.

6. DARPAN (Digital Advancement of Rural Post Office for A New India) Project

●​ Aim: To improve the quality of service and achieve “financial inclusion” of the unbanked
rural population.

●​ It intends to provide a low power technology solution to each Branch Postmaster (BPM).

●​ DARPAN-PLI App: Launched for seamless collection of premiums for Postal Life
Insurance (PLI) and Rural Postal Life Insurance (RPLI) policies.

7. Sampoorna Bima Gram Yojana

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●​ Aim: To provide affordable life insurance services to people living in rural areas of the
country through the postal network.
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●​ Households of at least one village (having a minimum of 100 households) in each of the
revenue districts are provided with a minimum of one RPLI (Rural Postal Life Insurance)
aj
policy.

●​ RPLI provides insurance cover to people residing in rural areas, especially weaker
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sections. Low Premium and High Bonus is the unique feature of PLI and RPLI schemes.

●​ All villages under Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana will be turned into Sampoorna Beema
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Gram.

8. Deen Dayal SPARSH Yojana

●​ Aim: To increase the collection and study of postal stamps.

●​ Deen Dayal SPARSH (Scholarship for Promotion of Aptitude & Research in Stamps as a
Hobby) Yojana awards annual scholarships to children of Standard VI to IX having good
academic record and also pursuing Philately as a hobby.

8. Prime Minister Wi-Fi Access network Interface (PM-WANI)

●​ Aim: To elevate wireless internet connectivity in the country by envisaging provision of

Broadband through Public Wi-Fi Hotspot providers.

●​ The scheme encourages local shops and small establishments to provide Wi-Fi for
last-mile internet delivery which does not require a licence or charge a registration fee.

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 36
PM-WANI ecosystem

●​ Public Data Office (PDO

●​ Public Data Office Aggregator (PDOA)
●​ App Provider
●​ Central Registry

1. BharatNet Project

Aspect Details

Launch Year 2011 (Phase 1), 2017 (Phase 2)

Objective To provide high-speed broadband connectivity to all Gram

Panchayats (villages) in India.

Key Features
Panchayats.
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●​ Optical fiber network connecting over 2.5 lakh Gram

●​ Aimed at bridging the rural-urban digital divide.

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Achievements Over 1.9 lakh Gram Panchayats connected as of 2023.
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Impact Improved internet access in rural areas, enabling e-governance,

education, and healthcare services.
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2. Digital India Initiative

Aspect Details

Launch Year 2015

Objective To transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge

economy.

Key ●​ Broadband highways, universal mobile connectivity, and public

Features internet access.
●​ e-Governance and electronic delivery of services.

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 37

Impact Increased digital literacy, online service delivery, and internet

penetration across the country.

3. National Digital Communications Policy (NDCP), 2018

Aspect Details

Launch Year 2018

Objective To provide universal broadband connectivity and promote digital

communications.

Key Features ●​ Focus on 5G rollout, fiber optic networks, and satellite

communications.
●​ Target of $100 billion investment in the digital communications

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sector.

Impact Accelerated rollout of 5G and improved digital infrastructure.

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4. Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Telecom Equipment
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Aspect Details

Launch Year 2021

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Objective To promote domestic manufacturing of telecom equipment.

Key Features ●​ Financial incentives for manufacturers of telecom and

networking products.
●​ Aimed at reducing import dependency.

Impact Increased domestic production and job creation in the telecom sector.

5. 5G Rollout in India

Aspect Details

Launch Year 2022 (auction), 2023 (commercial rollout)

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 38

Objective To provide high-speed 5G connectivity across India.

Key Features ●​ Auction of 5G spectrum to telecom operators.

●​ Focus on urban and rural connectivity.

Impact Enhanced internet speeds, improved IoT applications, and better

connectivity for industries.

6. India Post Payments Bank (IPPB)

Aspect Details

Launch Year 2018

Objective To provide banking services to unbanked and underbanked

populations.

Key Features

Impact
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●​ Operates under the Department of Posts.
●​ Offers savings accounts, money transfers, and bill payments.

Financial inclusion for millions, especially in rural areas.

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7. Postal Life Insurance (PLI) and Rural Postal Life Insurance (RPLI)

Aspect Details
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Launch Year PLI: 1884, RPLI: 1995

Objective To provide affordable life insurance coverage.

Key Features ●​ PLI for government employees, RPLI for rural

populations.
●​ Low premium and high coverage.

Impact Increased insurance penetration in rural and urban areas.

8. e-Governance Services through India Post

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 39

Aspect Details

Launch Year Ongoing since 2006 (under the National e-Governance Plan).

Objective To provide government services through post offices.

Key Features ●​ Bill payments, Aadhaar enrollment, and passport

services.
●​ Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) for government schemes.

Impact Improved access to government services in remote areas.

9. Common Service Centers (CSCs)

Aspect Details

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Launch Year 2006

Objective To deliver digital services to rural and remote areas.

Key Features
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●​ Over 5 lakh CSCs across India.
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●​ Services include banking, insurance, and e-governance.

Impact Bridged the digital divide and provided employment opportunities.

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10. National Broadband Mission (NBM)

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Aspect Details

Launch Year 2019

Objective To provide broadband access to all villages by 2025.

Key Features ●​ Focus on fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and wireless

connectivity.
●​ Target of 50 Mbps broadband speed for all.

Impact Improved internet connectivity in rural and urban areas.

11. Telecom Technology Development Fund (TTDF)

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 40

Aspect Details

Launch Year 2022

Objective To promote R&D in the telecom sector.

Key Features ●​ Funding for startups, academia, and industry.

●​ Focus on 5G, 6G, and IoT technologies.

Impact Encouraged innovation and indigenous development in telecom

technologies.

12. Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP)

Aspect Details

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Launch Year 1988 (reintroduced in 2014)

Objective To provide a safe investment option for small investors.

Key Features
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●​ Doubles the investment in 124 months.
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●​ Available at post offices.

Impact Popular savings instrument for rural and urban investors.

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13. National Addressing System (NAS)

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Aspect Details

Launch Year 2020

Objective To standardize addressing systems for efficient mail delivery.

Key Features ●​ Unique addressing system for every household.

●​ Integration with digital platforms.

Impact Improved accuracy and efficiency of postal services.

14. Dak Ghar Niryat Kendra (Postal Export Centers)

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 41

Aspect Details

Launch Year 2020

Objective To promote exports through postal networks.

Key Features ●​ Facilitates export of handicrafts, textiles, and other goods.

●​ Simplified customs clearance.

Impact Boosted MSME exports and provided new opportunities for small
businesses.

15. National Optical Fiber Network (NOFN)

Aspect Details

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Launch Year 2011 (later merged with BharatNet)

Objective To provide high-speed internet connectivity to rural areas.

Key Features
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●​ Laying of optical fiber cables across villages.
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●​ Aimed at connecting 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats.

Impact Laid the foundation for the BharatNet project.

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16. e-Post Office

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Aspect Details

Launch Year 2014

Objective To provide online postal services.

Key Features ●​ Online tracking, stamp purchasing, and bill payments.

●​ Integration with India Post.

Impact Enhanced convenience for customers and reduced dependency on

physical post offices.

17. Aadhaar Enrollment and Updation through Post Offices

Schemes By : G.Rajput
 42

Aspect Details

Launch Year 2015

Objective To facilitate Aadhaar enrollment and updates.

Key Features ●​ Over 15,000 post offices offer Aadhaar services.

●​ Focus on rural and remote areas.

Impact Improved access to Aadhaar services for millions of citizens.

18. National Postal Policy (NPP), 2022

Aspect Details

Launch Year 2022

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Objective To modernize and transform India Post into a technology-driven service
provider.

Key
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●​ Focus on e-commerce, logistics, and financial services.
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Features ●​ Digitization of postal services.

Impact Improved efficiency and expanded services of India Post.

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Schemes By : G.Rajput