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Surgery Ini

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
4 views277 pages

Surgery Ini

Uploaded by

shekhareh7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Surgery AIIMS 2018

Question 1:

       ______.

a)      - .


b)          .
c)      .
d)       

Question 2:

           ?

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)  

Question 3:

           ?

a)      


b)          
c)     
d)    ’ 

Question 4:

             
?

a) 
b) 

4674
c)  
d)  

Question 5:

            __________

a)  
b)  
c) . 
d) . 

Question 6:

 --      .  -   
 .          ?

a)  
b)  -
c)  
d)  

Question 7:

4675
           .   
  ?

a)   


b)   
c)    
d)  

Question 8:

 --     .    
    .      ?

4676
a)  
b)  
c) 
d)  

Question 9:

         ?

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

Question 10:

 --          .  ,   /,
  = /,  = / ,     .    
      .     .
            .   
.    :

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)  

Question 11:

 --          /      
.        .       
 ?

a)   


b) 
c)  
d)   

4677
Question 12:

 --        .    ,
-       .    
   &; .         . 
     _______.

a)   


b)    
c) 
d)   /

Question 13:

          .    
      ?

a)  
b)   
c)   
d) 

Question 14:

4678
           .   
                ?

a) 
b) 
c) 
d)  

Question 15:

                 ' ?

a)    


b)    
c)    
d)    

Question 16:

           :

a)      


b)    
c)   
d) 

Question 17:

             ,  
       ?

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

Question 18:

4679
              . 
           .  
.

a) -, -, -


b) -, -, -
c) -, -, -
d) -, -, -

Question 19:

            ()   .
      .            
  / .    -        .
    ,  ?

a)   


b)      
c)    
d)    -

Question 20:

’     _____.

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)   

Answer Key
Question No. Correct Option

1 a
2 c
3 b

4680
4 b
5 c
6 b
7 c
8 b
9 c
10 b
11 a
12 a
13 a
14 b
15 c
16 c
17 a
18 d
19 b
20 a

Detailed Explanations
Solution to Question 1:

       .    
    ,             .
     .
             
   .
             
-  ,   ,  .    
  –%  ,          
-  .

Solution to Question 2:

           .


     
•     

4681
•        
•    
      
     
•   
•    
•  
•      
:                  
     .

Solution to Question 3:

     .     () , 
        .     
  - .
 ,   '  ( ),       
        ( )     
 .
       .    
     ,   ,  ,
    ,         
        .
       .      
    :

4682
              
   .
  ,          .   
        .      '
   ( ).

Solution to Question 4:

        ()   
. , ,          
 ,        .

4683
   -           
.            .   
 .          .
: , ,  ,   .
:  ,  ,     .
:             .

Solution to Question 5:

             
  &;.    (  ).     
  %       &;.         
%,        .
    ()   %  ,      
       &;. .
  -       
&;.  .

Solution to Question 6:

:
      -         
.                .
         .
•         
•        
        ,   .
     /      -  
 .  '          
        .
-  (, )      
     .        
         .
    / ,           
   --   .       ,  
         .
 :
 :             .

4684
 :                 
  ,      .
 :         .

Solution to Question 7:

               
    ()       .
  :
•               
  . ,         ,      
    . ,     .
•      -,      .
       ,  ,   
- .         , ,
,   .
      ,   ,   
      ,  ,  .

Solution to Question 8:

              , 
,    (      ).   
           ,     '
.
  :        
          ,   
.           
       .
•            ’ .
•               .
•            ,    
         .
•           .

4685
          ,    
     .
               
   .
        ()   ’  ()  
    ()        -  ().

Solution to Question 9:

      .


          .     
           

4686
 .              
   -   -    .
         , , ,   
,  ,  ,     . 
           ,    ,
,          .

Solution to Question 10:

            -  
  .    ,     
   .
           .    
 -  ..              
      ,        .
     , ,  ,   
 (, ,   ,   ),  
,        ,     
 , -           
    .
     ,       
 .
 :
•  :          
        - .     ,  
          - .
•  :           
    .
              ,
               .
 -    -  .    , - 
       .         
       .

4687
 :
 :      ,     
       .      
  ,  ,     (’ ),  
     .
 :               
    (’ ),        
           . 
          , 
     .
 :       &;     -  
  ’      .       ,
        .

Solution to Question 11:

               
     .      ( 
  )       '    .
              .
 :
• 
• 
•  
• 

4688
•    ,  , – ,   ,
  
•    
•    
•    ().
           .  
          ( )  
( ).
-           .
-     .      
    .
          ,     
         ,       
     .

    



      
  
       
   
          
      
    
 

   :

4689
            -  
     .   -   .
     .
•    (    )      ' 
  .
•    (  )      .  
    ,      
.           .
 :
   :           
         .

Solution to Question 12:

             
         -   
()   .          .
                
               ,  
    (   ). ,      -   
  -           (
).
         :
•    (-%):  ()   ( , 
 ,   ).
•  -  (-%):   ,   

4690
•  (-%)
•   (-%)
          .   
     -       
   .        , , 
,   .
   :
•                 
 .
•   (, , )       .
• - , ,       .
•      (  )     
       .
•      .         
     :
•  :       
•  :            
•  :     
•  : -   (  )
•   :
•    , ,  - ( ) 
  ,    -.
•       -     
     .
•  -  (  )      
     .

Solution to Question 13:

     --      ()     
   (-- ),     
       .     
   .
   ()           
      .         
.               
.
    , ,  ,   ,  
  .

4691
   ,           ,
                
  .
   ,        ' ,
        .        
  .

  
 
       -- 
   
        (-- 
  )
        
 

Solution to Question 14:

                 
   .
        .     
              
   .

Solution to Question 15:

              '  ()  
  .            
           .
,     () ,  - .      
(),  (),  (),    ()    
   .
   :
•     ,  ,        () 
   .
•    
•          .
• - 
•  

4692
          ,   ,
   
         :
•    ’         
   % 
•           :           
 .      ,     .
•           .     ’  
              ( 
)
•                
      (    ).
•          .
       :
•           
• -      
•         ( &;  
)

Solution to Question 16:

            
.   -     .
            .  
         ,     

4693
  (  ).

Solution to Question 17:

                 
 .

Solution to Question 18:

    -, -, -.


    :
•  :     - 
•  :      ,        
(-)
•  :       - 
            -.

Solution to Question 19:

                
.          
             .
           .    
:
•    -          
      .
•   -            
    ()
•   -    -        
        .      
         .
             
.   -           
,   -        ( ). 
           (), 
           .
 :
 :            .

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 :          ,    
        .
:     
•  ,            
          .
•     ,         
 .

Solution to Question 20:

            
   .

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Surgery AIIMS 2019 (May & Nov)

Question 1:

       &;      .    
?

a)   


b)  
c)  
d)  

Question 2:

           .   
                ?

a) 
b) 
c) 
d)  

Question 3:

                 ' ?

a)    


b)    
c)    
d)    

Question 4:

           :

a)      


b)    

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c)   
d) 

Question 5:

             ,  
       ?

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

Question 6:

              . 
           .  
.

a) -, -, -


b) -, -, -
c) -, -, -
d) -, -, -

Question 7:

            ()   .
      .            
  / .    -        .
    ,  ?

a)   


b)      
c)    
d)    -

Question 8:

4697
         ?

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)   

Question 9:

      _______.

a) 
b) 
c) 
d)  

Question 10:

      ,      .
     ?

a) 
b)   
c)   
d)   

Question 11:

            ?

4698
a) ' 
b) ' 
c) ' 
d)  

Question 12:

       :

a) 
b)  
c)  
d)    

Question 13:

              
    .  ,      
.    -  .     ?

a)   
b)   
c)  
d) 

4699
Question 14:

           :

a)   


b)   
c)    
d)     

Question 15:

         ?

4700
a)   
b)    
c)  
d)    

Question 16:

       ,      


  -      .      ?

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)   

Question 17:

             - 
      ?

a) -%
b) %
c) -%
d) -%

4701
Question 18:

         ?

a)   ≥/


b)   ≤  
c)   
d)   

Question 19:

           ?

a)     


b)   
c)   
d)  

Question 20:

        :

a)  &;   


b)   &; /   &; 
c)   &; /
d)  &; /  &; /

Question 21:

        

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

4702
Question 22:

         .   
  ?

a)  
b)   
c)  
d)  

Question 23:

   :

a)  
b) 
c) 
d)  

Question 24:

   ?

a)  
b)  

4703
c)  
d) 

Question 25:

        ?

a)  
b)  
c)   
d)    

Question 26:

      .       ?

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)  

Question 27:

                
 .      ?

a)        


b)      
c)        
d)      

Question 28:

             ?

4704
a)  
b) ' 
c)  
d)   

Question 29:

         -    
 ?

a)    

4705
b)    
c)  
d)  

Question 30:

      :

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

Question 31:

               
     .        ?

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

4706
Question 32:

            .    
     .        .

a) ' 
b) ' 
c) ' 
d) ' 

Question 33:

      :

4707
a) 
b) - 
c) 
d)  

Answer Key
Question No. Correct Option

1 b
2 b
3 c
4 c
5 a
6 d
7 b
8 c
9 a
10 c
11 b
12 b
13 c
14 a

4708
15 b
16 d
17 b
18 d
19 a
20 b
21 c
22 b
23 a
24 a
25 a
26 a
27 a
28 a
29 a
30 a
31 d
32 a
33 b

Detailed Explanations
Solution to Question 1:

        &;    
().
             
,    (),  .    
 &;       ,          
.  . .    
•   &; 
•  
•    ()     ()   
•           
 :
 :         ,     
       .

4709
 :          ,  
               
.         &;  .

Solution to Question 2:

                 
   .
        .     
              
   .

Solution to Question 3:

              '  ()  
  .            
           .
,     () ,  - .      
(),  (),  (),    ()    
   .
   :
•     ,  ,        () 
   .
•    
•          .
• - 
•  
          ,   ,
   
         :
•    ’         
   % 
•           :           
 .      ,     .
•           .     ’  
              ( 
)
•                
      (    ).

4710
•          .
       :
•           
• -      
•         ( &;  
)

Solution to Question 4:

            
.   -     .
            .  
         ,     
  (  ).

Solution to Question 5:

                 
 .

Solution to Question 6:

    -, -, -.


    :

4711
•  :     - 
•  :      ,        
(-)
•  :       - 
            -.

Solution to Question 7:

                
.          
             .
           .    
:
•    -          
      .
•   -            
    ()
•   -    -        
        .      
         .
             
.   -           
,   -        ( ). 
           (), 
           .
 :
 :            .
 :          ,    
        .
:     
•  ,            
          .
•     ,         
 .

Solution to Question 8:

             .

4712
   :
•   -  
•   -       
•   -            .
•   -       
•   -  
 :
 :     ()     - 
   '        .
 :     ()        
       - ,  ,   
.
 :        ( )    
          .

Solution to Question 9:

            (%),
   (%), , ,  .
            .
          .

Solution to Question 10:

         -    
     ()     () -
   .
         - .
       ,   , 
 .         . 
,           .
     ( -)   ,   (
   ),  ,   .
    :
•     :     
•  ,  ,    :    
•      :  - 

4713
 :
 :     ,       :
•   
•     &;  
 :            (&;. //  -)
       ( &;.   &;. /).
 :         ,   
      .

Solution to Question 11:

                
   ' .
’              
.         .    ,      
   ,       .      
         , , 
.
             
 .
 :
 : ’              
    .
 : ’ ,     ,     
   .          
.          
.
 : ’            .

Solution to Question 12:

          .


        ,      
   .        
            .
           ,  , 
         .
              .

4714
    , '--'        
- .
     , -  ,
  .

 :
 :      -   .     
      - -.
 :          (%   )
    .

Solution to Question 13:

         ,  , 
            . 
   -       (  
).            .
 -   ()    ( )   
        ,         
-.
       (%)   (%).   
 -         .     
 (  )  .       
           :
• ’ :   
•  ’ : 
•  :  

4715
• ’ : 
              
.              
 ( ≥       ). , , ,        
       () .
          
, ,      ,  ,   .
 :
 :    ()       
           .  '
   .
 :               
   ' ,  '    .

Solution to Question 14:

         ,  .     
    .
              . 
  “” :
•  -  :     -    
•  - / :      
•  -   :      
•  -     :      
          .
             
,        ( ).
               ( 
 ).

Solution to Question 15:

             .   
    -     . 
          .
     :
•     (    &;  
)

4716
•  -   ()
•  
:          (  ).  
          ( ),  ,  
            (   ).
   :
• -     (- )
• - - () 
•   - 
    :
•    ( )
• 
• 
•   
• - 
•    

Solution to Question 16:

 -  ,   -   


              . 
 ,     .
         -     .  
        .     
  ,         .
   :
•  :          ,    
  - .
•  :           ,  
       -  -   
 .
    ; ,    
-  ()         
    .
      :
•  :     ,    ,
 

4717
•       
•      
       ,    . 
   –-      ( ).

Solution to Question 17:

               
      %.
           :

          
 (%)  (%)
(  ) - -
-(  - 
,  )
(   - 
    
)
(  ,    
   )

Solution to Question 18:

  ()           
              ().
   ,     
•    (≤ ),
•    (≥   )
•   (  , &;).
       .            
            .

Solution to Question 19:

     &;   (  )       
().

4718
      :
•    () -      ,   ,  
•     () - , , -
•    () - 
    () :
•        
•             (   )
•        (   )
•    -            
 

Solution to Question 20:

  &; /  ( )  &;   ( &; )  
    (   ).
    ()        
    (, , ,  , ,  ) 
           .
          :
•  (&;  )   (&;  )
•  (&;/)   &;  
•  (&;/)
•    &;  /  &;  /  &;%  
      .

Solution to Question 21:

          (  ).
   -    ,    %   
.    &;         &;   
  .         , , ,
, ,   .         
 .
          - 
    . -      .
  :

4719
•  - 
•             
.            ,
    (), ,  ,   
.
•               . 
      .
•               
          .
         .
 :
 :      .     .
  &; :        .

Solution to Question 22:

  ,             
 .
    ()           
 (-).        , - ,    
 ( ).          
             .
               
  .
   ,        , - ,  
           ,  , .

4720
 :
 :   ,       (  )
      , ,   .      
      . ,        
     '  ( ).
 :            , 
             .
 :           (  )  
    ,  ,  . ,     
.

Solution to Question 23:

      .


  :
• 
•  
•  
•      
•   
          - .
    %   ,    %   (  ).
        , ,  .
          .   
   :   (),    (), 
  (),     ().
           -    
       .

Solution to Question 24:

      / .


 :
 :      ,        .
               ,  
 .

4721
 :    ( )        
  .           
       .

 :     ( )       
.             
°,  -      ,     
    .

4722
Solution to Question 25:

        ().       
         .
 ,      - ,  (),  
 (),     (  )  .
 ,     ()   -     
  :
•   -   
•   -     
•   -   , ,  
:     //    .

Solution to Question 26:

              
   .            
&;,/        .
     .      
 - ,          
.
     :
•       :     

4723
•         :    
•         : -
•             , ,
, ,   
•         ■    
   ■
        ( )   
     ( ). -    
       .
       .    ,
  ( ),     (),
 , ,   
:     -      
.      -     .

Solution to Question 27:

      ,         
      .   -,     
      .
  ,              
     ,         .
            .  ,
    ,     .
’         . ’     
         ,      -.

4724
     ,          
           .
  %             .    
      ,       
     .

Solution to Question 28:

     ,      .    
      .
   ( ):
•                
   .
•                 .
                .
             
     .
  ()              -
.            .    
             .

             
        ( ).    
       .       
             
      .

4725
 :
 : '               
        .

 :    (   ' )     
.

Solution to Question 29:

          -  ()
      .
:      -      
    .

4726
:   (    ,     
),  ,   ,   .
:
•    (,  ,   )
•  
•             .
•     (’ ).
•            .
    ,        .

Solution to Question 30:

             
     .
               
   .     &;        .
           ,  ,
, ,  (   ),  .
       ,    - , 
- ,  .         
   .
           .     
        .
       ,  -  ()   
         .     
       .

Solution to Question 31:

                .
                
    .       ,  
()        ()       .

Solution to Question 32:

   ’           .

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 ' ,     ,        
   ,      ,         
.
 :
 :  '       ,      
  .             
  .

 : '              
  .      .
 : '  ( ),          
             .      
 .

Solution to Question 33:

      - .


               . 
         .   :
•  :        
• - :       
•  :       
-    , -      -.  
              .    
    :
•  

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•  
                  
  .      -     .

 :
 :              
      .
 :             
.
 :              
.

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Surgery AIIMS 2020 (May and Nov INI-CET)

Question 1:

 --          , - /, -
/,  %     .      
.              ?

a)   


b)          
c)     
d)     

Question 2:

        , ,    
  .            
?

a) 
b)  
c) 
d)   -

Question 3:

 --     .        .
   / ?

a)         


b)           
c)         
d)       

Question 4:

4730
        _____________

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)    

Question 5:

          ?

a)        


b)           
c)          
d)                

Question 6:

          ?

a)   


b)  
c)   
d)   

Question 7:

          ?

a)  
b) 
c)  
d)  

Question 8:

4731
 --     .         &;
,   ,      .     .

a) %
b) %
c) %
d) %

Question 9:

   __________________

a)      


b)      
c)     
d)     

Question 10:

         .      ?

a)  
b)  
c)     
d)  

Question 11:

            ?

a)    


b)     
c)     
d)     

Question 12:

4732
 --         
.             ?

a)     


b)     
c)      
d)     

Question 13:

              ?

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

Question 14:

            ?

a) , , -


b) , -, 
c) , -, 
d) , , 

Question 15:

          ?

a)       


b)     -  
c)     -  
d)     -  

Question 16:

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          ?

a) , ,   
b)    
c) ,   
d) ,   

Question 17:

 --         ,    /,  
/.  , -         . 
 -    .        
?

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a)          ()
b)                 
c)     
d)   

Question 18:

              
  .        .  
  .           ?

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

Question 19:

             ?

4735
a)  
b)  
c)  
d)  

Question 20:

            (-),  (+), 
- (+)  .             
 ?

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)  

Question 21:

 --           
 .           
 ?

a)  
b)  
c)   

4736
d)  

Question 22:

 --              
.  ,      ,      
  .     ?

a)  
b)  
c)  
d) 

Question 23:

 -           
   .      .    
     ?

4737
a)    &; 
b)    &;  
c)    &; 
d)        

Question 24:

 --      , ,    
   .  ,     ,  
 ,   / .    , -, 
   .            ?

a)   


b)   
c)   
d)   

Question 25:

 --     -, , -     
      .         
    .      ?

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a)  
b) 
c)  
d) 

Question 26:

           ?

a)  
b)  

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c)  
d)  

Question 27:

            :

a)   


b)   
c)  
d)   

Question 28:

              ?

a) 
b)  
c) ' 
d) ' 

Question 29:

 -              ?

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a)  
b) 
c)  
d)    

Question 30:

  ’     ,     
      :

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)  

Question 31:

       .  ,   
  .      ,   
 

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

Question 32:

             ?

a) 
b) 
c)  
d) 

Question 33:

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 --      *      
    ,           .    
      .        .   
       ?

a) , ,  &; 
b) ,  &; 
c) ,  &; 
d)  &; 

Question 34:

      ,     :

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

Question 35:

         ?

a)       


b)    
c)        
d)   

Question 36:

           :

a) -, -, -, -


b) -, -, -, -
c) -, -, -, -
d) -, -, -, -

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Question 37:

        ,    
     ?

a) ,   
b)    
c) ,   
d) , ,   

Question 38:

     :

a)  &; 
b)  &; 
c) ,  &; 
d) , ,  &; 

Question 39:

        ?

a)   
b)   
c)   
d)   

Question 40:

  :

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a) -, -, -, -
b) -, -, -, -
c) -, -, -, -
d) -, -, -, -

Question 41:

 --         .  ,   
, - /.    ,   .  
 -   .        ,  
   ?

4744
a)  &; 
b)  &; 
c) ,  &; 
d) ,  &; 

Answer Key
Question No. Correct Option

1 c
2 c
3 d
4 d
5 c
6 d
7 c
8 c
9 b
10 b
11 d
12 d
13 b
14 b
15 a
16 a
17 b
18 b
19 b
20 a
21 d
22 a
23 a
24 c
25 c
26 c
27 d

4745
28 d
29 c
30 c
31 d
32 a
33 c
34 c
35 c
36 a
37 b
38 c
39 c
40 b
41 a

Detailed Explanations
Solution to Question 1:

              
       .
              
         .  
          .
               
  .
:
•   ..  , , 
•   ( ), .. ,  ,  

•  , .. ,  , ,  
•    , ..   
•   (), .. 
• - ..   
 :
•  ,   ,    
•  : , , , 

4746
•  +/– 
•  (  )
• 
•  +/– //    
• /  /  ( )
•     
•   (    []   
 [])   
:
    :
•      
•        
• -  
•  
 :         
.           
.
 
 :       '   .
 :          - . 
          ,  
,   .
 :   ,         ,  
     .
:
    ,          .
     .      .

Solution to Question 2:

               
         -     
   .
    ()         
    ,    ,      
     .     :   
 .        ,  .

4747
 :
 :               
  .
 :          ().   
&;%      .
 : -        -
; , - -  .
           .

Solution to Question 3:

   ,  --          
.
            .  
        - .
  - --  -         
      .
  -     -        .
  -  --   -        
   -        .

Solution to Question 4:

           .


     -.      
-              
      .    ,      
          .     
.            ,   
           .
  :
• 
•  
•  ,  
•   ,  
•        
•          

4748
•       
•         
• 
              
       .
        ,    
   ,    (   
           (  
).
     , ,   .
 :
 :             .
 :             .
 :                 .

Solution to Question 5:

           .

        


 
    ,  
-  
       
    ,
 / 

       
    ,
 / 


4749
           .
 :
 :      .
 :    ,          
.
 :           ,  
-           .

Solution to Question 6:

                 
( )          .
         :
•                
   ( ).
•             . ( )
•                
      ( ).
  :
•  -    ;     
•  
•    -  ( )
•    -   , -    


4750
•  
•   -       
•     
• 
•  
•  -   
•   -    
• 
•  
•  ,  , .

Solution to Question 7:

   ,  (     )   
             
    .
  ( )        ,  
        .
        .    , -
             
 .
:
•              :
•   :         
•       :     ,   ,
  
•       :        
•        :      

              
  .
   :
• -
•       .
•   , ,   
•      

4751
•       
•        

Solution to Question 8:

          %   ’   .
:
•    &;    %  .
•      (%   )    %
•           %
           ++ = %

Solution to Question 9:

        .


   , -           
   .      - .
:
•              :
•   :         
•       :     ,   ,
  
•       :        

4752
•        :      

              
  .
   :
• -
•       .
•   , ,   
•      
•       
•        

Solution to Question 10:

        -%.


            .
      ,      
- ()  .           
-              (-, 
&; ,  ).           
     .
         ;  
     .       
      -    .   
    ,  , , ,    

4753
  .

Solution to Question 11:

             .
         -  
    ,      ,
  ,      .
       ,  ,   ,
     .        
     ,   ,   
  .             
 .
            .
     , ,   ().
         .
             
.        ,    
         .
:     ,        
              .

  


 
  
 
  
 
  

Solution to Question 12:

                
.
     :
• 
• 
• 

4754
•  
• 
       ,      
.
   ,            .
     , ,  (
   ), /  , , 
,            
' .

Solution to Question 13:

         .


            
.         , ,  .

Solution to Question 14:

, -,           .
     ,           
    ,              ( ).
         -      
  ,      .    
          .     
- -     .

4755
            , 
, ,  .

Solution to Question 15:

            .
         :
•          , 
•          ,   .
       , ,      
 .
         ;    
,             .
     :

4756
Solution to Question 16:

           .
    - .     -     
 .  :
•   
•   
•   
            .   
   ,       ,   
  .      .

4757
     .     -        ..
       ,      
   .
         .        
   ,       , 
      .
      .       /,
    .
          .

Solution to Question 17:

      , -      
,   -      .      
-       ()        
 .
   :
•  :   
•  :   
 -      -  .  , -
         .        
        .

4758
:
•  :             
 
•  :
•  :       ..  
 -     ,     
•  :             
 
:     
•  ,            
        .
•     ,         
 .

Solution to Question 18:

   ()       


  -  .
  -      ,  
 .                
 - .
           .    
     ()           
.

4759
             
   .
              
.    -          
   /     .
         .
      , ,  ,  ,  
      .

Solution to Question 19:

      -         
 ,        .
               
.          ,   
,        .     
 ,  , , , ,   ,
   .
 :
 :             
   .              
.         :

   ( ) ( )  


      , , ,   
 ,  ,   


4760
   ( ) ( )  
  ,   ,         (.
,         ,  .)
 
 , -,  ,    -   , 
  .     
     .
  

      ,    , ,   ,  
/     .    
,     
,   
 

        .

4761
        .

        .

Solution to Question 20:

           .   
,        .
            .  
        .       
  .
     :

4762
    
 
      
  
 
 
    
  
      
    
 
 

Solution to Question 21:

           
             
 .
     -    -    
   .      ,     
    .           , 
       .
 :
 :   ()           (.
 ).             
  (  ).       
             
- .
 :    -  ,      
.          .
 :    ()     
    .         
            
.              
.      , ,  
, ,  ,  ,  ,  
.

4763
Solution to Question 22:

   ,            
     .
          .   
.             
        ,     
  ( '  ).        
 , ,   .         .
             
          .  
       -      
.         .
  - :
•  
• 
•  
•  -  - 
•   -- 
 :      .    
 -      .        
.         .
 :                
 .            
.           .   

4764
        .       . 
      .         
 .  ,         
.
 :           .   
       .     
         ,     
. ,       -     
-    .     
       .  , 
    ,       .

Solution to Question 23:

              
  .
          
           () 
  .
            
       .     
       ()   
     .
      -.
: -             
  .

Solution to Question 24:

              
--            
  .
      .     ()   
.          .    
 :
•     
•      / 
•         
•       .
     :

4765
•    
• 
•       
• -         .
               
           .   
            .
    , , ,  , ,
     .
           , 
  .          
      .
 :
 :              . 
        ,    
.
   :           
 .           
    .

Solution to Question 25:

       ,   -    
 ,     (-- )     
.. .
             
,      .      . 
       .    ,
 ( ' )   .      
           ,  
      .     
,    ,     ( )
  .
       .    
    (   ),  
   (%).
 :        .      
,       .
 :         ,     
        .    
   ,      .

4766
 :       .         
.

Solution to Question 26:

             .

Solution to Question 27:

       ,   '     -
     .    ,        
,              .
             
   ,     ,     . 
            .
  ,          
   .            
.
 :
 :  '    -        
.              
 .        .

 :          '   
          -          .  
             
.        .

4767
           :

Solution to Question 28:

          . '  
         .
'             
   &;   .        
  - .      
,    .
 :

4768
 :       ,   
     ' .
 : '        .    
        .       
    .
 :  -       ,    
 ,    .

Solution to Question 29:

-              .
        .     
       .    
 - .
       :  ,    
(),    (),  .  ‘’    :   →
  →   → .
:
•    :
• :         
•   :     ,   ,   
•   :        
•  :       
 '   '    :        
  .

Solution to Question 30:

             
 ’   .
    - .       
     .
            .  
           .  
           .
              
.


4769
•  :               
•  :     .
•  :         .
•  :           .
•  :      ;       
• :             .
• :             
• :           .
• :            .
• :          .

       :

4770
Solution to Question 31:

   ,        
     .
              
   .     ,
• -   
• -    
• -  
      :
•     
•    
•      .

Solution to Question 32:

         .


      .     
 (%),  (%),    (%)  .   
    .          
:
• 
• 
• 
• 
•    
       (     ):
• -   
•  
• /  
   ,        
,   -    .   
  .
    -          .

4771
      .        
. -        . 
       ,       - .
    , ,    (
).

Solution to Question 33:

            
  .      ,  , 
       -         
          .
 :           .    
      .
 :            
     .        
     .       
       , ,    ,
   .
 :            (- )
 -        .
 :              
          .
-            
  .
        ,   
,    ,  ,     
  .

Solution to Question 34:

      ,      
.
         :
     -
     -

 

 

4772
 

 
 

 

 

 
 
 

Solution to Question 35:

'         /      
 . ’       .
        (%)    (%)    
  :
•  (  )
• 
•  
• 
•  :     ,     
     
            .      
  (:).           
,          ' :
• ,      
•          (' )
•      
             
             .
     , ,     
.
        .

4773
:
•      .
•                 
         .
               ,
      .

Solution to Question 36:

-, -, -,  -    .


:   ,         .   
       ,     -    
.      .        
           .
:             .  
              
         .
:             :
•       
•  
•  
:             .

Solution to Question 37:

4774
      ()    -
           (   
).    ,    .
           ,   
      .
•          .
• -       .
•     , - .
• ,  -          . 
      ,           (
   ),    .
 :
•           ..
      .
•        ,     ( 
  +)   (    -).
•         +  -. ,  
      .
•          +  +    
     ,      +  
    ,       ,      + 
 .
:
•              .
•          .

Solution to Question 38:

      ()       
 .
            ,   
         ().
   ,    :
•    (≤ )
•    (≥   )
•   
    -         
.

4775
 :
          ()    
      (-)    () ;
    :
•  -   &;   ;  
•  - / &;    
•  -   
•   - 
•   - 
         ≥ 
               
 -.       ,  " -"  
   -    "" .

Solution to Question 39:

                 
            .
     
•     
•         ( )
•    
       --     
 .
  :
•         .
•     .
•             .
•         .

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Solution to Question 40:

-, -, -,  -    .


:         .      ' ,
       (   ).
:  /’      / /.
:                . 
   -        ,        
         .
:              /
             .

Solution to Question 41:

      -       
  ,         
   .
           .    
        .     
   ,   ,    
 .  ,       , ' ,
    .
       , , , ,
, , ,    . -  
   .

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  -           .  
     - :
•          ,   - .
• '             .
•              .
• /          /    
   .
 ,
•           
,  -   
•   /        
     .

4778
Surgery INI-CET 2021

Question 1:

    ?

a)     


b)       
c)     
d)     

Question 2:

  

a) -,-,-,-
b) -,-,-,-
c) -,-,-, -
d) -,-,-,-

Question 3:

          --    .  
         .  , 
-     .      ?

a)   
b)   
c) , ,  
d) , ,   

Question 4:

 --     , , , , - 
     .     .   
.         ?

4865
a) 
b)   
c)   
d)   

Question 5:

            
   .     /.    
    - .       ?

a)    


b)     
c)   -
d)   - 

Question 6:

             
.    ?

a)  
b) ' 
c)  

4866
d)  

Question 7:

 --          .    ,  
            .     
      .     ?

a)     


b)     
c)    
d)         

Question 8:

              . 
           .  
.

a) -, -, -


b) -, -, -
c) -, -, -
d) -, -, -

Question 9:

         ?

4867
a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

Question 10:

 --              ,
     .     . 
   ,         
       .     ?

a)  
b)  
c)            
d)  

Question 11:

     .        
.          ..    
      .        ?

a) 
b) 

4868
c)  
d)  

Question 12:

            .   
   ?

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)  

Question 13:

 --           
    .             . 
-   .     ?

a) 
b)   
c) 
d)  

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Question 14:

           .  ,   
 ,        .  .   
    .         ?

a)       


b)      
c)    
d)     

Question 15:

 -             
.     /,    /,    - 
 .        ?

a)   


b)   
c)  
d)  

Question 16:

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           .    /
      /.        
     .             
  ?

a) / 
b) / 
c)  / 
d)  / 

Question 17:

            

a)   


b)  
c)   
d) 

Question 18:

         ?

a) , ,   
b) , ,   

4871
c)    
d) , ,   

Question 19:

         .    
   

a)     


b)    
c)   
d)        

Question 20:

 --    , ,   .    
 .           '
?

a) ,,,
b) ,,,
c) ,,,
d) ,,,

Question 21:

      .     .

4872
a) 
b) 
c)  
d)  

Question 22:

      ()    
.

a) , , 
b) , , 
c) , , 
d)    

Question 23:

 --            
        . - 
       .       
    ?

a)   


b)  
c)   

4873
d)   

Question 24:

         

a)    


b)   
c)       
d)   

Question 25:

 - ()        


  /?

a) +
b) +
c) +
d)    

Question 26:

 --           .
          -   .  
     ?

a)     


b)    
c)     
d) - 

Question 27:

      ?

a) , , 
b) , , , 

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c)  
d) , , 

Question 28:

            ?

a)        


b)       
c)         
d)        

Question 29:

         .    
    .      ?

a) , , 
b) , , 
c) , , 
d) , , 

Answer Key
Question No. Correct Option

1 c
2 c
3 c
4 c
5 b
6 a
7 d
8 d
9 c
10 a

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11 a
12 d
13 b
14 b
15 b
16 c
17 a
18 d
19 d
20 a
21 b
22 c
23 a
24 d
25 b
26 a
27 d
28 a
29 c

Detailed Explanations
Solution to Question 1:

        .


                
, ,   .       
               
 .
               
 .            
 ,     ,       
,    .    -   
,  :
•  -     
•  -  
•  -  
•  -    

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  ,          
      ( ,   ).

Solution to Question 2:

    -,-,-, -


• '  -  
•    -  
•   - 
•  -  
' :
•            ’ . 
       ,    ,  
  .
• -  :         ,
 ,      .
•  :            .
       ,    ,
,   .
    ' -

4877
   ():
•              ,
       .  
         .     
    ,         
       .
•        / . 
       .
•           .
()  ()        
  .              
  .

 :

4878
• /             
         .
•           .
•              
        -

:
      .       .
    :
•   (     )
•  
•     
       .
     :

4879
Solution to Question 3:

            --   
   ().           ,
    ,  .       
   /        
 .           . - 
       ,     
   .
           ,  
    .  ,       
   .         .
   ,  ,   , 
       .
         , ,    
     .           
               
.           .   
 ()          .   
         ,       
   .
       ,      
 .      -       
 .          . ,  
        ()         
.
'   (       ) 
   :

4880
:   ,    ,    
.
•        .    
-, ,       .
• -            
.            .
•           
().

      


    
   .
     
     
    
  .
     
     
 ,   
  .
    (
 , , , , .) 
    
   
.
    
 ( ).

Solution to Question 4:

          , , ,   
         -    ().
   ,            
.
   ()             
    .        ,      
      .       
           .
             .
      .
     ,          , ,
       :
•  :          

4881
•  :    
•  :         
           ,
   --    
.

Solution to Question 5:

             
-   .    ()   
    - ,       
.           ,    
           -  .
  %       .       
    .        , 
 ,       .

 :
• :             
•   ,  
•      
•  
•        
•    (),   -   
.      .
•    ()

4882
•           .
•   
• --          .
•               .

Solution to Question 6:

                
  .
      :

          :

4883
•      
•    (' )
  :
  , ,              
   . ,        ,   
    .     ,     
             .   
              
 .

          ; ,
   .        ,  
        -  . ,     
  ,    .        
           .
    ( ):      
              
   .         
             
 .

Solution to Question 7:

                 
       .   ,      ,
                   . 
   ,         .
          :

4884
     :
    -        .

      


       
 
           
 : 
  
 
         
  -    
      ( )
 ( )
  
  
    
   .

4885
Solution to Question 8:

    -, -, -.


    :
•  :     - 
•  :      ,        
(-)
•  :       - 
            -.

Solution to Question 9:

              .

Solution to Question 10:

              ()  
 ,       /  
 (/).
 /             
        :
•  

4886
•  
•   (   ,      )
• 
            .
   /:
            :
•     ,,  
•      ,,  
•    ,,  
  ,
•     () -  
•     -  
•      -  
•     -  
    ;        .

      



( ≤ - ≥
)
( ≥ - <
)
                  

( > - <


Solution to Question 11:

   ,    ,     ,   
         .     
      ()    .
     (&; )        ,
,         ( , 
,  ;        )   
      ().
          ,      
  ,          

4887
   .
    ()     
 ,           
,         . ,      
   ,      ,  .
 :
•       .
•     
•              
        .

Solution to Question 12:

    ,           ( 
).
 :
           .      
           .  
                 
 .          .
     :

  :


 :              
.                
 .               

4888
    ; ,       .      
     .

  -               
    .            
,  ,             
  ,      .         
       ,       
  .

 :        .      
        .   ,    
         ,  ,    
.              -
   .

4889
Solution to Question 13:

              
      .      
           .
       - .       
 ,      .     
              
     .
      , , , ,
,  ,     ,    .
   .          .
        , ,  ,  
        .    
  -        . ,    
    /  .

4890
        , ,
 - ,    .
 :
 -           .

 -          .  ,  
      ,     , 
     .       .

4891
 -  
•    ,          .
    ,  ,        
   ,    . ,       
     .

•    ,        .  
            . ,   
         .

4892
Solution to Question 14:

  ,               ,  
               
'  .
          .        
  :
•              
•          
•         
        ,   ,  
.               
,              .
              
.
 :
 :     --         
-.         ,       
--       .
 :              
        -.  ()  
 .
 :              
.

4893
Solution to Question 15:

             
       .        
        .      
        .
  /     , , ,
 ,   .    ,
 , ,   .
             
        .       
   .
          ,    
          .  
           .
       ,       
 -  .

Solution to Question 16:

             ,  
      / .

Solution to Question 17:

               
 ().
                
 .             
       .
          
,   ,          
  .   ,        
 .

4894
      ,        
         . ,    ,
  ,    (  )   .
      .
            
            .  
  :
•        -     

•        -  
•   -   %  
•  /

4895
            
.           
       ,     .
 :
   -           
     .
 -         .     .
        ,  ,   .
      .
      " "       .

Solution to Question 18:

         :


•       . -    
         .    , -
         .
•        ,      
       .       
     .
• ,        ,    
,   .         
    .
•            ,  
     .         
 .           ,   
 .  (  )   

4896
.
:             
     .

Solution to Question 19:

            
    ,       ,  
    .
           ,  
          .
•              
  ( ).       ,   
      .    ,    
    ,      .
•             ( ).
,      .
•   - ,     ( ) 
        .

Solution to Question 20:

   , , , ,     '     
 .
   '  :
•     
• 
• 
• 
•  
         ()     
     .        ,
   ,  ,    ' .     
   ,         '  - '
         .
              
.         - - 
 ,    .       
 ().           

4897
,         .

Solution to Question 21:

   ,    ,         
.
               . 
         .  
        .    -
•  -        
• - -       
•  -       
      , , , ,   .
   ,  ,      
 .              
.         ,  
,  .
   :
•                  .
    ,  ,  .
•       ,       .  
  ,      .
   :               
        .        
       .
  :          .    
       .            
   .            
.
•            .  
     .
•   ,           .
•           - .
•    -       .
•                
 .
    ,          .   
    .             
  .

4898
Solution to Question 22:

      ()  ,  .    
      ().
         .        
      - .         
              (  )
,  ,  ,  .
      ( ) .       
   ,      .    
-    ().     - 
()     . ,      
  ( ).
--  ()       . 
    :
•    - , -  &;
•   -         &;  
•   -         
•   -   -      
(  ,  , ,   ),   ,  

• -  -        

      .           
     ,     .
      . 
()      ( ).
            .
    - .          
.

Solution to Question 23:

            ,  
 ,            (
).    ,    (/)    
         .

4899
   ()  -     
       .     
               .   
-              
 ().         .
,        ,        
,                
   ( ).
 ()            .  
  , ,          (&;  
)  ,        .      
    .             
 ,      .

 :
 -        .      
                
.
 -    ()      
 .         ,   
      .

4900
Solution to Question 24:

          ().


     ()    :
 :               .  
        .    
 :
•  -    
•  -             
•  ( ) -       
•   -          
•   ( ) -     , , , 
.         .
•   ( ) -      .     
         .
•  -        .       
 .
 :         ().   
  :
•  -    
•  
•  -            

4901
  :       .     
 :
•   -           
•    -          
.

Solution to Question 25:

    ()         
      ()   +.
/          .    
  /     - .     
   .  ,  ()    
 (),        .     
 -,        .
-/  :
•   +:   .          .
• +: . ,           .
• +:   .        .
        
/- .

Solution to Question 26:

   -         -  
 ()         () 
  .
    (//)     .    
(-),  (-  ),   (  )  
   ()    (  ),  (
  ),   (  ).     % 
  .
:
•  -           
  ()   ,       
.  ,   ( , ,  )
  (),          .
               
 .

4902
•  -     -      
    ( ) ( ).   
   - (, , ,  )
     ( ).
 :           ,   
   .

Solution to Question 27:

 ,     .


           ,  
     ,     
   .
 :             
    .    ,      % 
      ,     .  
        .
 :             . 
           / . 
      , , ,   
   ,  -     .
 :         .    
   .   -       ,    -
      -   .
 :
 :         
-     .   :
•      () /    ()
•     ,
• /        , 
•    .

Solution to Question 28:

        (' )        
     .
 ()              
  .           
 ( )    ,            

4903
.        .
, '            .  
       :
•           
•              
               
   .     ,        
 (-).
    :
 :
•         
•      
•    
 :
•        , ,   
  
•   
:
:
•   
•   
:
•  
•  
•     
•      
      :

4904
Solution to Question 29:

         (' )   
       ,  ,  
 .
      ,      
     .          
     ,     ' .    
,              
    .
 '      -      .   
 -    '     
  .   (,  ,  , 
,  ,   )      .
  ,     ()       
      .        
    - ,       
'   .  ,         
     ( ).
      ,       , 
           .

4905
4906
Surgery INI-CET 2022

Question 1:

               ?

a) ' 
b) ' 
c)  
d) ' 

Question 2:

        -  :

a) ,
b) ,
c) ,
d) ,

Question 3:

4937
 --   ,      
 .             
            .     
 ?

a)      


b)  
c)     
d)  

Question 4:

      ?

a)  
b)  
c)   
d)  

Question 5:

 --             
  .    ,       
 .         ?

a) 
b)  
c)    
d)    

Question 6:

        ?

4938
a)   
b) 
c)  
d) -  

Question 7:

        :

a)   


b)  

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c)  
d)   

Question 8:

               
.        ?

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)     

Question 9:

         ?

a)    
b) , ,  
c) , , ,  
d) , ,  

Question 10:

             .  
           ?

a)    /  /


b)   
c) 
d)   

Question 11:

 --            .
         .      
-       .      ?

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a)  
b)  
c)   
d)  

Question 12:

            ?

a)    &;   


b)     
c)   
d)     

Question 13:

 --           .
      .       .
     .       ?

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a)  
b)  
c) 
d)     /  

Question 14:

             '
?

a)   


b)   
c)   
d)   

Question 15:

      ?

a)       


b)    
c)            
d)     

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Question 16:

     _______.

a)  + 
b)  + 
c)  + 
d)  + 

Question 17:

               
.    ?

a) - 
b)   
c)  
d)  

Question 18:

           ?

a)   
b) 
c) 
d)  

Question 19:

      ,  ______.

a)   &; 


b)  &;    &;  
c)   &; 
d)   &;/ 

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Question 20:

         ?

a) -&;-&;-&;
b) -&;-&;-&;
c) -&;-&;-&;
d) -&;-&;-&;

Question 21:

         .         
,  _______.

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)   

Question 22:

        .    , 
     .     
.        ,  ______.

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

Question 23:

  :

a) -, -, -, -


b) -, -, -, -
c) -, -, -, -
d) -, -, -, -

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Question 24:

       .  ,  
           , ,  . 
  ?

a) 
b) 
c)  
d) 

Question 25:

      -        
    ?

a)   


b)  
c)   
d)  

Question 26:

 --    '        
    .          
    ?

a)  
b) 
c) 
d) 

Question 27:

    ,          
,  _______.

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a)      
b)             
c)    
d)    

Question 28:

          ?

a)     


b)      
c)  
d)    

Question 29:

         .  ,   
            . , 
   .            ?

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)  

Question 30:

  :

a) -, -, -, -


b) -, -, -, -
c) -, -, -, -
d) -, -, -, -

Question 31:

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                
?

a) , , , 
b) , , , 
c) , , , 
d) , , , 

Question 32:

 --             
   , ,     .      
?

a)   
b)   
c)   
d) , ,  

Question 33:

      .        
  ?

a)  - 

4947
b)  
c)      
d)      

Question 34:

           ?

a)   


b)    
c)   
d)  

Question 35:

 --      .       
  -  ?

a)  +,  +,  -
b)  +,  -,  -
c)  -,  -,  -
d)  -,  -,  +

4948
Question 36:

     -       
 .            ?

a) , , , ,  
b) , ,   
c) , , ,  
d) , , , ,   

Question 37:

      -   .       
        ?

a)     


b) - 
c)   
d)     

Question 38:

             
       ?

a) , 
b) , , 
c) , , 
d) , , , 

Question 39:

                 :

a)    


b)    
c)  
d)  

4949
Question 40:

      .

a) ,,
b) , 
c) ,,
d) ,

Question 41:

       ,  _______.

a)    &;   


b) '  
c) 
d)        

Question 42:

            .  
          ?

a)            


b)       
c)    
d)    

Question 43:

 --          .
      .       
,  ______.

a)  
b)  
c)    

4950
d)  

Question 44:

    ,        
    ?

a) ,       


b) ,  ,     
c) ,  ,     
d)   

Question 45:

            
 ?

a) ,,
b) ,,
c) ,,,
d) ,,

Question 46:

            
.  ,         .    
      ?

a)  
b)   
c)   
d)   

Question 47:

 --            . 
,     .        

4951
?

a)    
b)    
c)  , , 
d)  

Question 48:

           ?

a)   &; ,    


b)        
c)   
d)  

Answer Key
Question No. Correct Option

1 a
2 a
3 a
4 b
5 b
6 d
7 c
8 b
9 c
10 c
11 c
12 b
13 c
14 a
15 d
16 c

4952
17 d
18 d
19 a
20 c
21 b
22 b
23 b
24 a
25 b
26 a
27 a
28 b
29 c
30 c
31 b
32 b
33 d
34 c
35 c
36 c
37 b
38 a
39 a
40 b
41 d
42 b
43 b
44 c
45 c
46 a
47 d
48 a

Detailed Explanations
Solution to Question 1:

4953
           '     
 .
       -      
  .      :
•   :         .     .
•   :        .       
     .
:
•             .  ,
'     .
•      ,      :
.  :           
, ..   .           
.
• ' -   /       .   
      ,  ,   .
• ' -          
    .          .  
         .
• ' -          
-   ,     . 
       -/ .   
          .
.  :   ,       .
• ' -           ,
          ()    .
• ' -   .
•  

Solution to Question 2:

     .


   ( )  -       
    . , -  ( )     
   ,      ,  ,   .
                
.         .
•  -     (   ),   
 .

4954
• ,      , ,    .
            .   
,      .
• -          ,    
 .
• ,            .
    -  :
•     .
•      - ,         
      .
•   .    , ..      ,   
 ,     .
•       .
  -    :
•       - 
•             .

   


    
  -    - 
  -    - 

Solution to Question 3:

                
   &;             . 
          .
              
   .
       ( ,       ,
)    -  :
•      
• -  
•   
•        
•    

4955
•   (  )          
•       
•     - (&; )    
•        
 :
 :         ,    
    .         
     
• -          -  
•         -   
•                  
  -  
 :           '    
            .     
       ,      .
 :            -
.              . 
      - -   
     .

Solution to Question 4:

   ,       .


            .
•       ,     ,  
   .
•       ,          
.
        ,   
       , ,        .
             .
        -  
   :
•  -     
•  -         
•  -  
•  -   

4956
Solution to Question 5:

   ,            
        ,      
.
          .   
 ,      ()   
  ()       .
 :
• :      ,     
 ,       .
•  
• :                  
   ,     ,   
    .
• /
• 
• 
•  
   ,  -      .
  ,   / .

Solution to Question 6:

              .
-        .       
   ().
      .       
       ()    
.             (’) . 
        .
 :      ,        
.              ''
'          .
 :              
.
 :         :

4957
•       
•    
•   

Solution to Question 7:

      .


              
   .       :
•        ..     ()
•            
•         - 
      ’ :
•  
• 
•    
• 
•    ()
•  

Solution to Question 8:

4958
                  
    .           
       .
 :
 :           .  
          ,      
      .          
,                 
.         .
 :                
     ,            
.
             
    .
 :              .  
             ,  
-      .

Solution to Question 9:

       , , ,  .


                .
     ,     
  .       .
      .
•       '        
( ).

4959
• ,          ( 
 )   ,       
( ).
•         .
 
•    .
• ,       () ( ).
•            ( ).
     .  -     
      .
     (     ):

4960
Solution to Question 10:

            


       .
       .
          .      
          ()   . 
        .       
  .
          . 
       .        
- .
           
   .         ,  ,
  .         , 
 ,    &;   .
            
 .
 :
  -            .
             
      .     /  /   
          .
  -           
.         .
  -            -  
   ( ).      
 .       .

Solution to Question 11:

                  
        .
   (  )    ,   
        .    
          , ,
,     .
      .      
        .
            :
•    .

4961
•            ,    
     . ,   (- )
       .
 :
 :               .
  ,    - .
 :             .
                
   .       .
 :        ,       
   .      . ,   
.

Solution to Question 12:

   ,               
 .           .
            .  
,           , 
,         .     
     .          
.       .
 :
 :            
 ,              
.
 :  -      .   
             .
 :            .

Solution to Question 13:

       ,     ,
            
.           .     
,   ,  .
      .
•            . ,   
     ,       , .. 
   .

4962
• ,               
.   ,            
, ..     .
             .
           
.               
          .

 :
•         .
•    -    - .
•   ()    .
•      .
            
,       . ,       
.       ,    
    :

4963
            
        .     
 ,      -  (     
  ).

4964
Solution to Question 14:

     ’      .
’              
       .
     , ,        
.  '          .  
'        -     
   .
       ’ .  -
         .

Solution to Question 15:

           .      
        .
        ( ).  
       .   
    , , ,  . ,  , 
    (   ).  -       
   .
              
 /   .
          . 
     .

4965
  ,         .   
    .         
 (-).

Solution to Question 16:

      + .


              
 .       .
              
             
.           
    .

       :


•     (      
 )
•   (     )
•          
•       

Solution to Question 17:

            
       ().

4966
 (/)            
   .             
        . ,  &;  
        ,     
 .
-      .
     :
•   (%).
• -  (-)      .
•     (       )
•    :  
•    :  
          .

            :
•  &; 
•   &; 
•               .
 :
 : -  ()          
      .        .
 :            .
         .
 :              
   .         ,
,  .   .

4967
Solution to Question 18:

         ,   


 ().
               
.           
       .
     , ,      
.     ,  ,    
   ■          
.
     ,        . 
             – .
:                . ,
            .

Solution to Question 19:

  &;        (   ).
         :
•  (&;  )   (&;  )
•  (&;/)      () &;  
•  (&;/)
•    &;  /  &;  /  &;%  
      .

Solution to Question 20:

          : -&;-&;-&;


      ,  , :
•  -  
•  -        
•  -   
•  -     
•    

4968
         .     
    (    )   ,  
,    (   ).
        :

        .


      ,  ,   .  
       .
              
.
   ()       .    
- .

Solution to Question 21:

              
       .          
  ,        .         
.
         :
•   -        .
•   - / / .
•     -  (   )/   
 .
            ,
    , '        

4969
 .    -, , , ,  
  .
           .
        ,   .
           .%.   , 
     ,     .

Solution to Question 22:

              
() /   () .       
    .
             
          .
           ,     
    . ,            
          
 -    .
  (),   -        
, ,  .           
        .      
(-),     .   ,     
,          -  .  
()           .    , 
     .
            .  
           .     
  .         ,  
,   ,     .

4970
  ()   - ,       ().
     , , ,  ,  .    
 , ,     ( , ) 
 .
          ,   
.

Solution to Question 23:

     : -, -, -, -


              
-  , ,  .          
'   .
     '     :

      


      

.       
  
    -   
 
     

4971
      ,          
   .
     :
•   .
•   ( ).
- -   ()        
  &;      . ,   
         .

Solution to Question 24:

   ,        
    , ,  ,     
 ().
      :
• -:   (-,-,-).
• :     ().
•   :  .

Solution to Question 25:

        -   
         ( ).

4972
     .       
    ,  ,  ,  
.            
   .
 :
   :           
.
 :    (     )  - 
   .

Solution to Question 26:

       -      
   .
      (    ) :
•  / '          
     .
• -    / ( )   - 
  .            
.     -          
.
•     / ( )       
   .        -  .
          -    
.          .
 :             . 
     .

Solution to Question 27:

     ,          
.
          , 
              .
, -            
,  ,      . ,       
    .
                
- ,     .

4973
         [] : ( ,  )

          [] :

             [] :

4974
Solution to Question 28:

              .
           
   .          ( 
)        .      
 ,       . ,   
.
 :
 :     .      
.
 :         ,   .
 :         .   
     ,   .
            . 
      .
   ,    .       
   ,   ,  .      
     .
      - :
•   :       
  .
•  :        .
      .    , 
         ().

4975
•  :         .  
  ,   ,   (   
     ).
          :

4976
4977
Solution to Question 29:

     ,       ,  
   ,             
 .            (
).
  ( )        , 
     .
     "- "        
               .
     , , , ,   
    ,     , ,    .
            
 .
  /           -
     ( )    .
    ,     .
             
  .           -.
  (.    ):
•  ,             
    () - .
•     ,     ,     
() .

Solution to Question 30:

    -, -, -, -.


        -  .   
           ,   
,  ,  , , ,   .
,    -%             -%
 .
         .     
       :,      .   
''        ,  ,
  ,   .

4978
   , -  .     .  
   ,  ,  ,  ,  
   .       .

.  - .    


 
.  .  
.  - .     
 
.   .     
- 

Solution to Question 31:

                
 :   , ,  ,     
.

Solution to Question 32:

       -         
         ()   . 
            ( )  
( ).
     - .  ,    
          .    
         .
        , , ,
, ,  &; ,      
 .    . ,         
.
        .    '   -  
         -    , 
  .
     -      :

4979
 ( )          
    /  .
        ,  , , 
- ,   .
            (/   ) 
             
( ).

Solution to Question 33:

             .


             
 .           
.          
   .
      -    .
          ,  ,  
,   ,  ,   ,  
.
              
           .

Solution to Question 34:

              .

4980
""             .   .  
.
  .               .

Solution to Question 35:

-  -       -, - 


-.
 :
        - .
•    ()    ()    ,  
     .
•         ()    ,   
     .
         , ,  .

     -   


 
 (   + + -  -
     )
  + + -  -
+ + +  -
  - - +  -

4981
     -   
 
-  - - - -  +
 (, 
    
   
,   )
,    - - -  -
-

Solution to Question 36:

      ()    ()
,  , ,   .
      .       
               
.
     :
•       ,  ,   ,
   
•      .           
.
•  :
•         .     , -
 ()  ,           .
•     ,    .    - .
        , , -
,  .
•  :
• ,    ,   ,  
.     ,      , ,  "-"
   .
• - :       -
 .
:            
 .

Solution to Question 37:

4982
 -              .
           ()    
      ( ).
    :
•  ( ) :        
• ( ) :    -  (    
   )
•  ( ) :              

  /     , , ,


 , .    ,  ,
,   .
     :
•     ( )
•  
•  /  
•  / 
• 
         - :

4983
Solution to Question 38:

              
      .
            :

    .   


 
  
  
   
  

Solution to Question 39:

     ,   ,       
       .
             ,
     .  ,       
   ,   ,      .
   ,        .

4984
Solution to Question 40:

         .


       ( ).
'        -     - .
   ,
•  -     -    --
     ( ).
•               β-
       ( ).
     , , ,  , ,  ,
 .
             
:

      ( )      .
 ,      .    
, ,    ,      
    .
      .          
    ( ).

4985
Solution to Question 41:

           ()  
     .    , -     
           .
          (%)   
  .    , ,     . 
         .
     : ,      .
  '  ( )       .
:            
      &;  ( ),  ,   
(),    ' .       .  
  ( ).
       (- )  
         .

4986
:            .
        . 
           .

Solution to Question 42:

                
           .    
  .
                   
.
        , ,    
        :
• / 
• / 
• / 
• 
• 
             
 .

4987
  
/         •  •  
    •   
  
/           •  •  
 -  
   
/            •  •  
      
  ,  
      

        •  

            ,
,          
 -  
    
   

Solution to Question 43:

            .
           
    , ,  ..   
          .

4988
Solution to Question 44:

         .    
  ,  ,       .
         :

    


/    
    ,
 ,   
    
   +  
     
   + 
  +  
 /    
     
,  , 
  
    +  
     
   + 
  +   +
  (
  
   
)
 /    
      
     ,
   ,   
     
   
  (  )
+   + 
      

   ,   (
  )
     
     
 .  
     


4989
Solution to Question 45:

           .
        -    
    .        , ,  
    .        
  ( ).    ,  , ,
  ( ),        .
         .      , 
.           .     
       ,  
.             
     ( ).
          ,   
 .%  ,  ( ),  ,   .

Solution to Question 46:

   ,       .
  ,           
.
    ,          
      . ,    .
             
      .           

4990
          .
                 
,      .
           .

Solution to Question 47:

       --        
     .
             
(),               – .

4991
            -,  
, , -,    (   ).    
   ,        
( )     ( ).
      .           
      .
       :

Solution to Question 48:

  &; ,           
.
   ()        
  ,  ,        
    .         /
/  /   .
   :
• 
•    (    )
•  
•  

     ()

  

4992
   :
•   (  ), 
•  --  (&;   )
•         (.., , ), -
 ( )
•  
•         

4993
Surgery INI-CET 2023

Question 1:

 --       .        
     .  ,     
 .              ,
 ,   .      ?

a)   


b)  
c)   
d) 

Question 2:

          -  ?  
     .

a) ' 
b) ' 
c)    
d) ' 

5073
Question 3:

      :

a) -, -, -, -


b) -, -, -, -
c) -, -, -, -
d) -, -, -, -

Question 4:

         .       
     .         
?

a) , ,   
b) ,   
c) , 
d) , 

Question 5:

        ?

a)     

5074
b)      .
c)    ,    
d)       

Question 6:

      ,      ?

a)  /
b) . /
c) .-. //
d)  /

Question 7:

      ,         
  ?

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)  

Question 8:

      ,         
     .     ?

a) ' 
b)   
c)  
d)  

Question 9:

          ?

5075
a)        
b)          .
c)     
d)            

Question 10:

 --      .    -
     ?

a)   
b) ,   
c)   
d) ,   

Question 11:

         ?

a)  &; 
b)  &; 
c) , , 
d) , , 

Question 12:

   :

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a) 
b)  
c)  
d) 

Question 13:

      .         
?

a)  

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b) 
c) 
d)  

Question 14:

       .

a) ' 
b) ' 
c)  
d)  

Question 15:

 --              
  .  ,        .  
          ?

a)   


b)   
c)      
d)   

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Question 16:

         ?

a) , , 
b) , , 
c)  , 
d) , 

Question 17:

              
.

a) -, -, -, -


b) -, -, -, -
c) -, -, -, -
d) -, -, -, -

Question 18:

 --             
       .        
?

a)   


b)   
c) 
d) 

Question 19:

        .       
?

a)    


b)      
c)    

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d)     

Question 20:

      .   


        .    ?

a)     


b)  
c)  
d) 

Question 21:

           .  ,   
 ,        .  .   
    .         ?

a)       


b)      
c)    
d)     

Question 22:

              ?

a) 
b) 
c) ' 
d) 

Question 23:

  .

5080
a)  
b)  
c)  
d)  

Question 24:

             ?

a)  
b)   
c)  
d) 

Question 25:

               
  ?

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

5081
Question 26:

          ,     
?

a) 
b) 
c) -
d) 

Question 27:

                 .
   /.           
  .          /. 
         ?

a)  
b) 
c)  
d)  

Question 28:

          ?

a)  
b) 
c)  
d)  

Question 29:

         .         
 .            ?

a)  
b)   

5082
c)      &;  
d)   &; 

Question 30:

            ?

a)    


b) 
c)  
d)  

Answer Key
Question No. Correct Option

1 c
2 a
3 c
4 c
5 a
6 c
7 a
8 b
9 b
10 d
11 d
12 d
13 d
14 c
15 c
16 a
17 b
18 a
19 b
20 c

5083
21 b
22 b
23 b
24 a
25 b
26 b
27 b
28 b
29 c
30 a

Detailed Explanations
Solution to Question 1:

  , ,         .
                   
   .
              -      
   .        .
 ,             
  . %       .      
     , , , ,  .
           
  .           
   .

5084
        ,      
%  .            
 .             . 
             
–     .
 :                 
    . , ,       
       .     
.                
         .

 :            .
        .     
 ,     , ,   .
         , ,  .   
      ,     
(-     ),    .

5085
 :          . 
       .  - 
,   ,      , 
     .

Solution to Question 2:

     ' .         
   -             
.
'          .       
       .           
      .        ,   

5086
    . ,          –  .  
      - ,      . 
 ’      - .

  ,    ,          
         ,    
   .              
  .
 :
 : '         .   
    ’          
   .           
    .
 :                
 .   ,           
   .              . 
              , ,
     .
 :            
     (-)      - .

5087
Solution to Question 3:

       :


 - :  -   ,   %
 - :  -   %
 - :  -   .%
 - :    -   %
               
   .           
   .   ,       ,
   , ,   .  ,    
             ,   
    .     ,      
   .
          .

5088
Solution to Question 4:

    '         
 . ’         
’         ().
   -        .      
   .      :
• ’    -     .     
  .
• ’    -      .      
   .
’    -         .     
        .         
      . ,      
.      .       
  .
’  -         .     
     .            
  ,    .
 ’  -              
          .      
  ,     .     ,     
.           .

Solution to Question 5:

5089
             .
           ( ) 
     .              . 
     ( ).      
     ,    ,  , ,  
.  %  %         
         . 
 ,    , ,  
, ’ ,  ,   .
          -,  
-    ( )        
.               
 .             
    .           
 .              
        ,       
.
        .   
           %   
.

Solution to Question 6:

           .-.
//.
             
 .          .-.
// ( )    / ( ).     
 /          .
 :     /   . - . //    
 - /  .

Solution to Question 7:

   ,          .
       :
•               .
           :
• ' 
• ' 

5090
• '    
•              
.         :
•  
•    ;     
•  
         ,       ,
      .         
             
      .

Solution to Question 8:

             
          .
 -             
        .    
        .      
         .     
       ,         
 .               
   .
              
      .    ,        
       .        
       .    
.
 :
 : '              
 ,  ,           ,   ""
.

5091
 :               
 .               
       .        .   
    .          
               .
 :             
           .

Solution to Question 9:

                
.
           
( )   .        
           .     
    ,  ,  .     
             ,  
           . ( )
               
     .        
    :
•  ()             
 . ( )
•              .
•               
 .          (   ).    
            .

5092
            
   .        ,       
 ( )          .     
           .

Solution to Question 10:

,    ( )       
    .   -       
    .
              
.             :
•  
•   
•  
• 
• 
             ,
     ’      
.            ,
   .             
   .
  ()           
     .         
 .
  ()   -       
        .

Solution to Question 11:

        , ' ,   .
        .        
  .       .        
     ,    .  
       .
              
’ .         , 
   .            ,  ,
,       .      
       ’ .     

5093
,  ,   ,  ,  .
           (     
     )  -  .    
             ,   
,  , ,   ,     
 .           () = .  
   /   = .       .
             – .  
           - .    
   .

Solution to Question 12:

                  
 .
          .   
         ’ .   
 .
       .        
    .
              
        . ,     
 .
 :
 :            
   .        
  .       ,    .

5094
 :          .   
         .   
      , , , .     
 .        .

 :            
.               
.   , , ,   .      
-  .

Solution to Question 13:

      . , ,    
           .

5095
              
   -   .
      :
• - ( ): , , , /, 
 (..   /)
• : , , , ,  , ,

• /:  , , ,    ,
 
• :  ( )   ()
 :
 :           
 .             
.          
    -   .
 :       -   
      . , ,   , 
         .
 :            
      .         .

Solution to Question 14:

      '          
  .
 :
 : '   --        
   .          
.  -      .

5096
 :               .  
   ,  ,     .       
        .

 : ' -    , ,   .  
:
•         
•     
•        
•   

5097
Solution to Question 15:

               
         .
            
    .            
              
 .            .   
 -          .  ,
     .        
.        .
     ,           (  
  )         .   
        .       
    %     .       
.
           /   
        .     
      .     
  .       
•        
• /   ,          
•  -    

Solution to Question 16:

5098
  ,   ,    ()    
       ().       
( )         ().
             
.         / / 
/    ( ).     
 ( )       .    
        ‘ ’.      
        ( ).
   :
•     (            
   )
•    (    )
•  
•  

     ()

  
   :
•   (  ), 
•  --  (&;   )
•         (.., , ), -
 ( )
•  
•         

Solution to Question 17:

               
 :
     .        
,   ,   .      
      .
•            .
•      .
•        ' .

5099
•         .   
            .

.  . 
.  . 
.   . ' 

.    . 

Solution to Question 18:

               
      .       , 
     .
        ,       .   
         .       
  ,    ,      
 (')    (') .     
         .   
                 
    .
            
.        ,       
       .       :
•   ():        ;  ' 
     
•   ()
•   ():         
  
•  :        ;   
   .
 :
 :          .    
          .
              
      .
 :    ,      ,
 -  , ,       .

5100
 :      ,   '     
    ,.

Solution to Question 19:

    ,         .  
        .        
    .             
  (). ( )
         /  
.       ,     ,   .
   ( , ,  )    ( 
)    .    
,         .     
         .
        /   .
      ()    
   ,   ,   ,   .
( )
       
• %          
•        (:)
•       ,    ,  
(  )
•  - ,  , , , 
 
•  (      )
• 
•   (   )
• 
       :
• :
•       
•      
•           ,     
 
•    (/)     .    
  

5101
•  -      -   
•  -     
  ( )           
,
-               
 ,         (  ).
,    .

     


  -      , 
    (  ,  -
-   %  ) - 
  -   , 
      ,    
 
 -    +  (
 ,        
    )
   -   (   
  ) 
 -        (
    )
  -     
    (
' )

Solution to Question 20:

    ,         
.        :
•          ,     .
•    ,  ,    ,  
,   ,     . 
       ,       , 
     ,        
 ().
,            ,
,   , ,     
             .
      ,     
  .              
      . ,       

5102
.
       .    .
   :

  



  
, ,  

 , 
   
  
  
   
 


Solution to Question 21:

  ,               ,  
               
'  .
          .        
  :
•              
•          
•         
        ,   ,  
.               
,              .
              
.
 :
 :     --         
-.         ,       
--       .
 :              
        -.  ()  
 .

5103
 :              
.

Solution to Question 22:

          .       
    .           
        .
 /  :
      -        
  .
:
•     
• 
•          .
•   - 
•      
•  
•     
•   ( ) 
:
•   –        
• :  , , , , 
,  
•  : , , .
•  : , , , , ,  
:
•   –     ,  ,  
•   .
•    ()      .  
  .          .
,        . ,       
          
 -       .
• ’         .    
  -  .           
    .

5104
•          .   
      .
•  –            .
• ,    .

Solution to Question 23:

      .         
         .
               
              
   ()           
         .
            .
 -        ,  
,                
           .
 :
 :             
  .           
      .
 :  ’           
   .     .
 :  ,        ,    
,    –- .      ’
,            .
        :

5105
Solution to Question 24:

           .


-    ()      
  .          
 .              
.

:
•     .
•             
.
      (  )    
 .     .   
              
   .      .       , 
 ,          . .  
         .
        . ,      
          .

Solution to Question 25:

               
  .

5106
,            .   
      .
•      .
•          .
•        .
•        .
•                  .
 :
 :              
   .
 :  –        
        .
 :             

Solution to Question 26:

        .


      .      ,
       ,      , 
     .  :
•   
•   
               
.
          ,  
    ,   .
       ( ).     
  .  :
•  
•   
     /  ( ).    
              
    .  :
• 
•   
       ( ).       
            . 

5107
:
•  
•    

Solution to Question 27:

         .    - 


       .       
,     ,    
.         , &;  
         .
       :
•    :
• ,   
•  , 
• 
• 
•   ,  
•    :
•  , , 
• ,  
•   ,  
• 
• 
•         ,   
•    -      (
)          .
      :
•  
•  
      :
• 
•    
•   .

5108
Solution to Question 28:

          , 


          
.       :
•      , ,   -    
        
•  -    - 
()         .    
      .
•    -        
•       -        
  
•     -   ,     

Solution to Question 29:

    &;         . 
 &;   .
    :
•    &;  (   )
•  
•  - 
•  
•  
•   
• 
•   .
           .      
       .    
     .
       , , ,  . 
   .  -           .
               
/  .
          . 
     .

5109
  ,         .   
    .         
 (-).

Solution to Question 30:

             
 (-).   -      %  
,       %     - . 
             
   .
      :
• - 
•   
•   ()    () 
   (  []/  [])   
        .  -
,      ,  /     
    .

5110
Surgery INI-CET 2024

Question 1:

     -    ?

a) ,
b) ,,
c) ,,,
d) ,

Question 2:

                
.          .  
 .    ?

a)  
b)  
c) ' 
d)  

Question 3:

5111
           ?

a)   


b)   
c)   
d)   

Question 4:

            . 
  ?

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)   

Question 5:

 --         , ,  
    .          ..
            ' ?

5112
a)   
b)  
c)   
d)   

Question 6:

        '  ?

a)       


b)         
c) %         
d)        

Question 7:

             ?

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

5113
Question 8:

             
?

a)  
b)  
c)   
d)    

Question 9:

            
       .    
.       ,      
 ?

a)    
b)  
c)  ,  -
d) 

Question 10:

 --              
  .  ,       . 
       ()   .       
.   .    ?

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a)       
b)       
c)      
d)   

Question 11:

       .  


    .          
   ?

a)    


b)     
c)     
d)     

Question 12:

       ?

a)  
b)  
c) 
d) 

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Question 13:

             ?

a) ,   
b)   
c)  
d)   

Question 14:

 --             
  .    -   ,       
 .             .
    .        .
        ?

a)       


b)        
c)       
d)      

Question 15:

 --       ,  , 
  .        . 
       .       ?

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)  

Question 16:

 -- ,       . / (- .-./)
  .  ,  ..         

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  .         ?

a)          


b)        
c)    ,  
d)   &;/  

Question 17:

 -        .   
          .   
       .       
 ?

a)  
b) 
c)  
d) 

Question 18:

   .

a)  
b)  

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c)  
d)  

Question 19:

 --                
 .            ?

a) -  
b) -  
c)  
d)    

Question 20:

 --        .      
.  ,     .   ,
      .      ?

a)             
b)        
c) &;      
d)             

Question 21:

 --            .  ,   
    .            .
       .       
   .     .     
( )?

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

5118
Question 22:

 --         ,      ,
            .    
   ?

a)  
b)  
c)  
d)  

Question 23:

  ,           .    
    ?

a)      


b)      
c)  
d)  

Question 24:

         ?

5119
a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 

Question 25:

 --            
     .        
  .   &; ,         
    .          
 .

a) ;      ,   -,    

b) ;     ,   -,     
c) ;     ,   -,     
d) ;      ,   -,    


Question 26:

      ,         
    .         
      .

a) ' 
b)  
c)  
d)  

Question 27:

 --       .    ,
    ,      .    
,         .    
     ?

a)  

5120
b)  
c)  
d)  

Question 28:

 --        '      
   -  .     
        .       ?

a) -
b) -     
c)  
d)       

Question 29:

           .   
    ?

a)    


b)       
c)       - 
d) -           


Question 30:

              . 
,          ,  , 
  ,     .    .
         ?

a)       


b)         
c)         
d)           

5121
Question 31:

 --              
.    /,    %,   /  ,   
    .         .   
   ?

a)  ,  ,  ,   


b)       
c)   ,     
d)       -

Question 32:

      -   .   
-  .      ?

a)  
b) ' 
c)  
d)  

Question 33:

      ?

5122
a)  
b)  
c) 
d)    

Answer Key
Question No. Correct Option

1 c
2 a
3 c
4 b
5 a
6 c
7 a
8 a
9 b
10 d
11 a
12 a
13 c
14 d
15 b
16 b
17 a
18 a
19 d
20 b
21 b
22 d
23 a
24 a
25 c
26 a
27 c

5123
28 c
29 a
30 d
31 a
32 b
33 d

Detailed Explanations
Solution to Question 1:

, ,  ,        
  ()
    :
•  
• ,
• 
•   (      
).
•  
• 
• 
•   
           
          .  
          
 ,           . 
           ,
    ,          
.
   '          ,   
      .

Solution to Question 2:

      ,  ,     
             

5124
.
              
     .         
        (),    
    .
       , ,   .  
         ,      
  .    ,  , .    .
         ,     
           ( 
).           . 
      ()     
  .
 :
•  .
• -    , ,    .
•    
•    ()

Solution to Question 3:

            .
             
.              
       .     .  
         ,       .   
,       ,       
 .             
    .
       ()    
         .   
               
       , ,   .
   , , ,   
,     .

Solution to Question 4:

  ()      .

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            
- , -  ,   ,    
            .
 
 :              
,          .
 :               
           ,    
       ,     
 :             
   '           
. ,        ,       
          .

Solution to Question 5:

            
    .         .
       - ,   , , ,
  .      .
   -          
.          . 
        ,    , ,
  -       .
       ,      
          .   
    , -      .

Solution to Question 6:

       .     '  
     .
           ,  
     ( ).  ,      
    .       
 . ( )    ,  ,  
,         .
          ,     , 
.          
/          .    
      .

5126
:   ,    ,    
.
•        .    
-, ,       .
• -            
.            .
•           
().
       ,    
,       '    .  
     '    %.
                
.         . ( )

Solution to Question 7:

              
.
              
    .        
     .       .
   -     .  :
•  -     ; ,         
•  -  ; ,         
•  -  ; ,           

•  -    ;  , ,      
    

Solution to Question 8:

           ,   
          
           .  
           
  ()    -
              
.            
.           , 

5127
            ( )
 
   :
•   - ,  ,  
•  -  , . 
•  -  , ’ 
•  -   (),  , , 

Solution to Question 9:

             
.    ( )        
,     ,   (’)  &;/  
.
              
.         .  
        .       
  -.          
      .      .
    ,           
 , , , /  - ,   
          .

Solution to Question 10:

         , , ,    ,
           -     
   .        
 .
 /         
     .            ,
      .        
        
,            
.      ,         
  .          
 .
   ,      .  
 ,    ,    , 
      .     

5128
 ,       .

Solution to Question 11:

              
       .     
          .
               
    . ,  ,        
        .
            (). 
 ,          .
              .
        .    
     .     .  
           .
 
 :           .  
       ,  , ,   
      .
 : ’         ,   
        .      
         ,    
.
 :            
       .      ,   
                

Solution to Question 12:

          .


          .     :
•   -          ,   
 ,      .        
     .
•    -           
' .         .
 :

5129
 :            
              .   
     ; ,       .
 :    ,       .   
     ; ,       .
:          .

Solution to Question 13:

           . ( )
          .  
      -       
        .
                
  .               
&;    .      ,    /
     ,   ,  ,   
 .               
,         &; .

Solution to Question 14:

            


    .
             .
               
         . ( )
      :
•    ,  (     
),  
•       -/
•       ( )
•          
•                
•      
•  ,     -     ()

5130
Solution to Question 15:

             
        .     
()      .
    -    , ,  .
              .
           .
  :
•      
• , ,       
•      
•       
• - 
     ,  ,     , 
-     .
 :
   :               '
        (ü    ü 
).             
' .

5131
Solution to Question 16:

     ,       
    .     
     .
     (  . /)   
 (),      ().
                 
 ,      .
- ()          
     .
              
.           .
 
 :                
  .   (&; /)      ,
       .
 :         ,  ,
    .   (&; /)     
.
 :   &;  /  .

Solution to Question 17:

5132
  (-    , ,  )     
      .
       :
•      
•  
•  
•   

Solution to Question 18:

     .


   , ,      
,       :
• :      (),   .
•     ,      .
 :
•    -      .
•  ,        ’.
 :
 :  :          , 
  .            . 
   -      .

 :  :       - ()
     .      ' ,  

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,      ' .
 :   :        . 
   ,  -, .     
 (),       .

Solution to Question 19:

           .        
.
         - 
.
          ,  
 .   -     ()      ,
, ,   .

Solution to Question 20:

         ( , , 
 , /,     ,  ).  
,        .
        ,      
      ,  ,   . 
     .
              :
•   :

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     ,     .
           .
•   /  :
         ().
          -.
•  :
      ( , ,  ),  :
 
  
      
 :
 :     -       .
 :     ,       .
 :               
.        ' ,  ,  
 .

Solution to Question 21:

        .


   :
•      - 
•          - 

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•    - .
   ,       .  ,   
   ,      ,        (&; ).   
     ,       .     
 ,       .
         .

Solution to Question 22:

         .


      -       .
 ,    ,  ,   ,    
      .      
  ,       , ,  .
    &;        .
           ,  ,
, ,  (   ),  .
         .

       .       , 
  - ,  - ,  .   
      .
              -
               .
            
.    ,       , 
-  ()           

5136
  .            
.
          -   
     .    ,
  ,    .      
 .

Solution to Question 23:

               
.
,     . ,       
 ,    .      
      ,         
   .
             
.        .
   ()    -    
    .          .
         .
           .   
 ,  , ,     .   
   .
       .       . 
               ,
 ,    .
    ,  ,  
   .
 
 :            ,  
 ,          .
 :        ,        
.             
.
 :         (..,  ),
     .

Solution to Question 24:

      .

5137
   ,               (
).     ,        .
()
    "   "        
   ,   .   :
•   (..,   )
•   
•    
•     (  )
      ,      ,   :
• :  ≤     ,     .
• :  &;    ≤     ,     .
( )
• :  &;              
 . ( )
•  (   ):       ,
  ,    ,   (  ).
•  (   ):    ,  ,  ,
     . ( )
          .    
       .   
        .

Solution to Question 25:

      ,      ,   &; ,
       .       
    ,   -,     .
        ,  
  .            
 - (  -)     .
         (' )  
   :
•  
•           
•           

5138
        , ,   .
      ( )    (
, ).      .    
          - .
:
   &;,    &; /      
 / (  &; /)     .    
  (   - /),      .    
          /  
      .
       ,        . 
       ,      
     .

Solution to Question 26:

             ' .  
     °       .

5139
 
 :         .    
 °.
 :            .
 :              . 
    °         .

Solution to Question 27:

        .         
 .               
   .
     , ,  :
              
   .     .    
       ,      (.. )    
     .
      .         
      .      
  -   ,   .   
            .
 ,      ,       
   .     , ,     
     .          
  .

5140
Solution to Question 28:

       -  


    .
     ()
      ,   , 
  .
      -     
   .
,        
•     
•   
•    
• - 
•    
•   .
             .
         -    +  
 +      .
     &; ( &;),      .
        .
       .     
- ,  ,       .   
     (:). , ,      
.          .
    .        
   .      :  &;  &; 
&; .     ,   -      %.

5141
  ()     ()
          
  ≤ ,    
 - ,     &  
 - ,   , , 
 >         
      .  ()
 (     
,  )- >   
   -  
  
    .
   
, , , ,
    
    
   

Solution to Question 29:

         .


           
      () .
                
      .       '   
   -      .
 :
•      (.. )  .
•   .
•      ,      -
.
•         ,     .
•    .
•              
   ,  .
 :
 :          .
 :       - :       
     .
 : -           
: -           , 
 ,   ,   -  .

5142
Solution to Question 30:

  ,           .
()            
          .
     -         
          .   
      .       , 
     .          , 
   ( ).            
 .        .     (%)
               .
-       . '    
        , ,   
.
'   :
•  :      .      ,  
             
    .
•  :      ;     .
•  :          .
 
 :          .    
   ,             -
   .               
 .
 :                
.
 :             
.             
   .

Solution to Question 31:

      ,    (%), 
 /           ,       
     .          
  ,  ,   ,     .

5143
     ,          
     ‘      ’ -
• 
• 
•     
• ()
•    
•  
   ,            
-       .       
         . ,     
      .
        -     
 ()          .     
 ,            
.
               
   .

Solution to Question 32:

     -   ,     
-          - , 
  ' .
     :
• 
• 
• 
•    
• 
                
      .      
 - .     ,       .
              .

Solution to Question 33:

          .

5144
           .

  


  <     –    >   
     
  < .º > .º
  <    >  
   > %     < %   
 <  <  > 
        
       
  


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