Application of Intelligent Transport System for Sustainable
Transport System in Smart Cities
Tarun Dewangan*, Rakesh Mehar**, Ashutosh Kumar Agarwal***
Abstract
This study presents applications of artificial intelligence for development of
sustainable transport systems in smart cities in India. There is huge gap
between the demand and supply of the public transport in most of the urban
cities in India. Due to rapid urbanization India has realize the importance of
developing smart cities to improve the quality of life of people and to
captivate foreign investment to build superior quality of infrastructure in
India. The majority of the Indian cities are facing the problem of congestion,
safety, inadequate public transport facilities, inappropriate information,
inadequate parking spaces and environmental pollution. Sustainable
transport system can eliminate these problems by providing safer, faster,
comfortable, efficient and environment friendly system and can help in
development of smart cities by the implementation of intelligent transport
system. Hence, there is urgent need to develop intelligent transport system in
Indian Cities which can play a key role in development of sustainable
transport system. Therefore, the main requirement is to adopt artificial
intelligence for development of smart cities in India. The main objective of
this article is to present the major application of intelligent transport system
for the development of sustainable transport system in smart cities. This
study can be used in the implementation of intelligent transport system for
development of sustainable transport system in smart cities in India.
Keyword: Intelligent transport system, Parking management, Passenger
information system, Intelligent parking system.
Introduction
Public transport system is a significant problems of transport system in today's world
component of transport system and it plays a are excessive rate of urbanization and
key role in development of sustainable commuters dependency on private vehicles
transport system. The root cause of all the rather than public transport.
*
PG Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya
Pradesh, India.
**
Contract Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh, India.
***
UG Student, School of ICT, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Correspondence to: Mr. Tarun Dewangan, Department of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of
Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail Id: tdewgn@gmail.com
© ADR Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved.
J. Adv. Res. Auto. Tech. Transp. Sys. 2016; 3(2&3) Dewangan T et al.
In developing countries like India, most of the realized the need of developing smart cities in
population and economic growth is taking urban area and announces to develop ‘100
place. Rapid urbanization has made the smart cities’ in urban areas [4]. The main
movement of people from the rural areas to concern of new public transport system in
urban cities [1]. Urbanization in Indian Cities is today's world is to control the increasing rate
putting enormous pressure on transportation of urbanization and to reduce the traveller’s
infrastructures to respond to an increasing dependency on private vehicles to make the
travel demand with greater strength and transportation system more sustainable.
efficiency of the public transport system [2]. According to census 2011, there was an
With this increasing urbanization, urban areas increment in million plus cities from 35 in 2001
are expected to house 40% of India’s to 55, consisting of 107.9 million urban (39%)
population and contribute 75% of India’s GDP population [5]. Figure 1 presents the
by 2030 [3]. Thus, due to increasing forecasting of vehicle population in India [3].
urbanization the Indian government has now
No. of Vehicles in Million
of
Years of Vehicle Forecast
Figure 1.Forecast of Vehicle Population in India
There is enormous gap between the demand essential expansion for development of a
and supply of the public transport in most of sustainable transport due to concerns
the urban cities in India and these cities are regarding the economic, environmental, safety
facing the problem of congestion, inadequate and social equity [7]. Hence, there is urgent
public transport facilities, inappropriate requirement of developing Intelligent
information, inadequate parking spaces and Transport System for safer, effective, efficient
environmental pollution. Sustainable Transport access, proper information and mobility into
in smart cities provide solutions that take the future while considering economic, social,
advantage of Intelligent Transport System and environmental needs [8]. The main
which assure superior quality of life, reduced objective of this study is to present the major
costs and increased efficiency [6]. Intelligent application of intelligent transport system for
transportation system plays a significant role in developing sustainable transport system in
today’s transportation system and is an smart cities of India. It is expected that this
33
Dewangan T et al. J. Adv. Res. Auto. Tech. Transp. Sys. 2016; 3(2&3)
study will be helpful for transport planners to facing various problems like environmental
build up sustainable transport system with pollution, accidents, congestion, overcrowding,
implementation of artificial intelligence system. lack of information and parking space etc. At
This article consists four sections, first section present India is leading country in the world in
presents the introduction of intelligent traffic accidents and has the extremely high
transport system and major issues in today's fatality rate of road accidents in the world.
transport system. Second section highlights the Therefore, there is immediate requirement to
basic requirement of public transport system in develop intelligent transport systems in Indian
smart cities in India. The third section presents cities for traffic control management and to
major application of intelligent transport deal with the rising threat of traffic accidents
system in smart cities in India. The last section and fatalities. Intelligent Transport System
presents important conclusions drawn from plays a significant role in improvement of
this study. traffic control and management, passenger
information system i.e. real-time traffic
Requirements of Sustainable Intelligent information and route navigation systems,
Transport System information related parking space availability
etc. Table 1 presents the requirements of
Most of the developing countries like India,
intelligent transport system and its application
due to lack of intelligent transport system
for sustainable transport system in smart cities.
Table 1.Requirements of Sustainable Transport System in Smart Cities
No. Requirements of Sustainable Application of ITS
Transport System
1 Realistic traffic information system for Developing Passenger Information System based
efficient and safe traffic movement on current traffic situation
2 Least travel time with minimum delays Developing synchronized traffic signal system
and stops with proper traffic management system
3 Environment friendly transport system Developing proper traffic control and
for least environmental degradation management authority to check standards of
i.e., air and noise pollution vehicles for their registration and issue of
license.
4 Safety of vehicles, drivers and Developing congestion free routes and safety
pedestrians and reducing accident rate and emergency management system
5 Reliable transport system Developing passenger information system and
economical public transport system
6 Proper parking spaces at affordable Developing intelligent parking system for
price economical and efficient parking
7 Efficient revenue collection with Developing electronic ticketing system, online
economical transport system booking system for public transport
8 Comfortable and affordable system to Developing terminal facilities and passenger
users information system at stops and intermediate
sections.
34
J. Adv. Res. Auto. Tech. Transp. Sys. 2016; 3(2&3) Dewangan T et al.
Hence application of ITS to develop smart cities in transport system can be adopted to make
considers the basic requirements of the transport system more sustainable.
Sustainable Transport System in India.
For public transport terminal facilities
Intelligent Transport System can play a key role
generally provided with proper sitting and
in resolving the crucial issues in Indian cities
waiting arrangements, in addition to this,
like congestion, environmental degradation,
it can be provided with digital display
safety issues, parking problems and public
board showing information related to
transport facilities.
buses like bus routes, location, next bus
Application of Intelligent Transport and charges details and public transport
vehicles can facilitate recreation means
System
during journey to captivate more
Intelligent transport system can be passengers.
implemented to makes the transportation Electronic toll system can be used to
system sustainable, which is major concern of reduce the delays at toll plaza. Innovative
today's world. Also, India need world class technologies can be used to make
infrastructure for the success of recently transport modes faster and safer with
addressed projects by Indian government i.e., integration of multi-technologies such as
"Make in India" and "Smart City" which bus transit, metro rail and other modes.
requires transportation system with better
accessibility and adequate information which is The vehicle can be provided with superior
possible with the implementation of Artificial design to enhance the comfort and light
Intelligence System. The Intelligent Transport material can be used to increase power
System can be implemented to develop weight ratio. Vehicles can be attached
superior transport facility, passenger with GPS system to develop collision free
information system, intelligent traffic control system and to reduce rate of accidents.
and management system, intelligent parking
Development of Passenger Information
system and environment friendly transport
system. Hence this study presents application system
of advance technologies to enhance the quality In India, the transport system lacks appropriate
of transport system with real time passenger passenger information, passenger information
information, safety, reliability, comfort and to system can provide the real time traffic
reduce the road accidents, stops and delays situation, routes and location of buses,
and environmental pollution. weather condition, incidents identified and
busy routes etc. The passenger information
Development of Superior Transport
system provides all the necessary information
Facility to the passenger so those passengers can
Indian cities are provided with poor qualities of response accordingly. Intelligent transport
transport facilities, and least safety measures, system can be applied to generate all the
which distract the passenger to use public necessary information and make them
transport and travellers turn towards private available for passengers so that this system
vehicles. Provision of superior facilities with helps the passenger to react accordingly. Figure
implementation of artificial intelligence system 2 presents the detailed passenger information
system.
35
Dewangan T et al. J. Adv. Res. Auto. Tech. Transp. Sys. 2016; 3(2&3)
Passenger Information System
Information Information Passenger
Generated
Convey Response
Traffic Sensor Delay
Change Route
Incident
Aerial Surveillance
Change Departure
Road Weather
Time
Weather Condition
Next Bus
Change Mode
Incident Detection Travel Time
Emergency Alert Change Destination
Transit Location
Alternate Route
Challan Payment
Traffic Rule violation Challan Charges
Figure 2.Passenger Information System
Intelligent Traffic Control and intelligence system. ITS can be applied for
Management revenue collection and management using
electronic ticketing system and for better
Intelligence transport system includes various transparency, data can be handled by digital
implementations of advance technologies in system. Figure 3 presents development of
traffic safety by use of CCTV camera attached intelligent traffic control and management
with central monitoring system for observing system.
various sections of road network, public transit
vehicles and terminal station. Another Intelligent Parking System
component of traffic control and management
Intelligent Parking System has interesting
is traffic demand management which can be
functional system that assures an easy parking
easily managed by proper observation of real
with no damages, parking within minimum
time traffic situation with the use of artificial
possible time at any suitable place and get a
intelligence system. Traffic signal can be
message if the parked vehicle has been
synchronized properly to reduce the delays at
damaged anyhow while the driver is not
intersection with application of artificial
present in the car.
36
J. Adv. Res. Auto. Tech. Transp. Sys. 2016; 3(2&3) Dewangan T et al.
Intelligent Traffic Control and
Management
Intelligent Traffic Incident detection
Safety and Management
Traffic Demand Revenue collection
management and management
Figure 3.Intelligent Traffic Control and Management System
The IPS system provides a planning of path that system should be able to provide guidance
is being displayed on the computer system to automatically to the driver and would also
specify the directions of vehicle and provide facilitate users to get notified when their car
guidance to driver for parking of vehicle. This get damaged while their vehicle is being parked
system includes algorithmic car movement [9]. Figure 4 presents block diagram of
system and the damage message system. The intelligent parking system.
Intelligent
Parking System
Car system Algorithmic car Damage Message
Control movement System
Infrared Sensor Car movement Collision
and Display Unit system Detector and
Camera
Figure 4.Application of ITS in Intelligent Parking System
Development of Environment Friendly technology vehicles like electric motors can be
Transport System used and vehicles with alternate fuel like bio
diesel and compressed natural gas. For better
The transport system today faces major enforcement, the air polluting and noise
challenges because of rapidly growing creating vehicles can be detected with the use
transport demand. The main challenges of of sensors and automatic challan system can be
inefficient transport system are to control the used to collect charges from such vehicles.
environment pollution. Therefore, this study
promotes development of energy-efficient Conclusions
technologies for development of environment
The important conclusions drawn from this
friendly transport system. The advance
study are:
technologies can be applied to encourage clean
37
Dewangan T et al. J. Adv. Res. Auto. Tech. Transp. Sys. 2016; 3(2&3)
Excessive urbanization has developed a and Development 2016; 4(6): 936-9.
vast gap between demand and supply of 2. Fatima E, Kumar R. Introduction of public
the transportation services and creating bus transit in Indian cities. International
various transport problems like Journal of Sustainable Built Environment
uncomfortable journey, congestion, 2014; 3(1): 27-34.
parking problems, increase in accidents 3. MoUD. Smart Cities Mission Statement and
rate, inappropriate information and Guidelines. 2015. Available from:
environmental pollution etc. So there is http://smartcities.gov.in/writereaddata/s
urgent requirement to develop sustainable martcityguidelines.pdf. Last accessed on
transport system using ITS in smart cities in July 10, 2016.
India. 4. Gurjar J, Agarwal PK, Ahirwar P, et al.
This study has identified the basic Development of a Smart Public Transport
requirements of Sustainable transport System in Indian Cities: Basic Concepts.
system with implementation of Intelligent International Journal of Traffic and
transport system i.e., realistic traffic Transportation Engineering and Research
information system, minimum travel time, 2015; 1(1): 1-8.
environment friendly, efficient and 5. Census of India. District Census Handbook,
economical transport system, safer and Series - 25 Gujarat, Surat district, Part I and
reliable transport system. II. 2011.
This study presents the major application 6. Gupta V, Agarwal PK, Gurjar J. Some Basic
of Intelligent transport system for Issues for Development of Efficient Public
development of Superior transport facility, Transport System in Smart Cities. National
Passenger Information System, Intelligent Conference on Sustainable and Smart Cities
traffic control and management system, 2015. pp. 10-11.
Intelligent parking system and Environment 7. Agarwal PK, Gurjar J, Agarwal AK, et al.
friendly transport system to enhance the Application of artificial intelligence for
quality of transport system, adequate development of intelligent transport
passenger information, safety, comfort and system in smart cities. International Journal
to reduce the road accidents, stops and of Transportation and Traffic System 2015;
delays and environmental pollution. 1(1): 20-30.
8. Gurjar J, Kumar A, Gupta V. Applications of
It is expected that that this study will be helpful innovative technologies for development
for transport planners to develop sustainable of sustainable transport system. Advanced
transport system with the implementation of Research Publications 2014; 1(3&4): 6-10.
intelligent transport system in smart cities in 9. Alfatihi S, Chihab S, Alj YS. Intelligent
India. parking system for car parking guidance
and damage notification. International
References
Conference on Intelligent Systems,
1. Agarwal PK, Mehar R, Dewangan T, et al. Modelling and Simulation 2013. pp. 24-29.
Some Basic Concepts for Development of DOI: 10.1109/ISMS.2013.35.
Smart Transport System in Indian Cities.
International Journal of Scientific Research
38
