Topic: Biological Molecules
Content Standards: Structures and Functions of Biological Molecules
Learning Competency: categorize the biological molecules (lipids,
carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids) according to their structure and
function
Code: STEM_BIO11/12 -Ii-j-15
Specific Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Explain how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen form large carbon- based
molecules.
2. Identify and differentiate lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic
acids based on their structure (monomers, polymers and linkages) as
well as its functions.
3. Present examples of the biological molecules apparent in their everyday
diet.
4. Convey the relevance of these four biological molecules in maintaining a
healthy diet.
References/Resources:
Reece, J. B., & Campbell, N. A. (2011). Campbell biology. Boston: Benjamin
Cummings / Pearson
Ferrero Rocher Fine Hazelnut Chocolates, 5.3 Oz. - Walmart.com.
(2019). Walmart.com. Retrieved 29 April 2019, from
https://www.walmart.com/ip/Ferrero-Rocher-Fine-Hazelnut-Chocolates-5-3-
Oz/10311197
SHS. (2019). SHS. Retrieved 29 April 2019, from
http://teachtogether.chedk12.com/chapters/view/40
Materials:
Charts or PowerPoint presentation
Food labels
Laboratory materials for food testing
Concepts: Organic compounds: These are compounds that
contain primarily of Carbon, Hydrogen and oxygen. The
four types of biological molecules: Carbohydrates,
Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acid are all organic
compounds based on structure.
The bulk of the human body weight is provided by only
three elements: oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. We get
these elements primarily from the food we eat, from the
water we drink, and from the air we inhale around us.
Carbohydrates has general formula of (CH2O)n where
n = 3, 5, 6 ...
Its building blocks are called Monosaccharide. It is the
main source of energy. It is the first biomolecule that is
used up by the body to generate energy.
Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules
that does not include true polymers, and they are
generally not big enough to be considered
macromolecules. Lipids are composed of Fatty Acids
(long chain) and glycerol (short-chained alcohol in
nature).Lipids act as reserved energy, provide
insulation – mechanical (protection) and electrical
(protect nerves and help to conduct electrochemical
impulses through myelin sheath), supply essential fatty
acids, formation of cell membrane, help transport the
fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K), gives palatability and
aroma.
Proteins are biologically functional molecule made up
of one or more polypeptides; each folded and coiled into
a specific three-dimensional structure. Building Blocks:
Amino Acids (Consists of amine group or N terminus
and carboxylic group or C-terminus). Peptide bond,
type of bond form between linkage of amino acids.
Proteins functions as such:
Regulation in the form of hormones, transport and
structure, catalysis in the form of enzymes, movement
and receptors.
Nucleic Acids The two types of nucleic acids,
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid
(RNA), enable living organisms to reproduce their
complex components from one generation to the next.
Its building blocks are Nucleotide. Its Linkages are
PHOSPHODIESTER BONDS and Glycosidic Bonds.
Material Teacher’s Task
s Needed
Checking of attendance and classroom
Daily Routine environment check
Engagement: Food The teacher would present a food label to
Label elicit students’ prior knowledge on
biological molecules.
Questions for discussion:
a. What were your observations
b. How familiar are you with the terms
you see on the food labels
c. Hypothesize what food was given to
you. Based on the information, how
frequent should we consume the kind
of food on the following food labels?
Exploration: Power The teacher will explain how humans
point depend on food, based on the ideas
presentati gathered from the previous activity. The
on teacher will also explain pre- requisite
terms and some concepts that are needed
to understand the lesson and present the
different biological molecules followed by a
brief explanation on the properties of each.
Summary of content to be presented after
the lesson:
Monomers Polymer Type of
or or Linkage
Compone Larger
nts Molecule
Carbohydrat Monosaccha Polysacchari Glycosidic
es rides des Linkages
Lipids Fatty acids Triacylglycer Ester
ols Linkages
Proteins Amino acids Polypeptides Peptide Bonds
Nucleic Acid Nucleotides Polynucleoti Phosphodieste
des r Linkages
Explanation: The students will be asked to conduct a
laboratory activity to investigate the
presence of biomolecules using Biuret test,
alcohol emulsion test and iodine test.
After which, the teacher will present a
table of results to confirm the students’
laboratory results.
Extension/ Students would be prompted to watch a
Elaboration: video and answer the given problem
through the information from the
laboratory activity
Evaluation: Part 1: Examine the following images.
(Please provide Write O if they are organic compounds and
test items and N if
answer key otherwise.
which are
aligned to the
learning
objectives –
content and
performance
standards)
1 2 3
4
5. The formation of large molecules from
small repeating units is accomplished by
this reaction.
a. Oxidation
b. dehydration
c. hydrolysis
d. decarboxylation
6. Which of the following includes all the
others?
a. Sucrose
b. Glucose
c. Cellulose
d. carbohydrate
7-8. What is/are the building block/s of
lipids?
9-10. Give two functions of a protein
Prepared by:
Ma. Cecilia D. Rollon
