Practice Test 88 Sat
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258phanPractice Test 88 Sat
Uploaded by
258phanPractice Test 88
Reading and Writing
27 QUESTIONS
IRECTIONS
D
The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each question
includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage and question
carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s). All questions in this
section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a single best answer.
olk and traditional art can take a wide variety of
F he following text is adapted from John Matheus's
T
forms, including arts as one another as 1926 short story, "Mr. Bradford Teaches Sunday
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storytelling and quilting. The National Heritage School." Mr. Bradford is driving through the
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Fellowship was created to honor people for their countryside in Florida.
accomplishments in these diverse arts and includes The moss in the towering water oaks had become
among its winners the Puerto Rican enlivened with a verdant sheen of silver and hung
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stringed-instrument marker Diomedes Matos. like festoons of carnival or like funeral
decorations for the mourning of the dead. The
hich choice completes the text with the most logical
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and precise word or phrase? spread themselves along the water courses while
a
A) confused with the willows wept as they always did.
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B) humble about
C) useful to r. Bradford was conscious of this gorgeous
M
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D) different from displayof nature.
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s used in the text, what does the word “display”
A
most nearly mean?
A) Exhibition
B) Concealment
C) Similarity
D) Pretentiousness
1
ossessing an outstanding collection of public art,
P As with other river deltas, the Parana River delta is
Chicago has everything from monumental sculptures : it is a constantly evolving network of
like Joan Miro's Miró's Chicago at sites like Brunswick channels and strips of land that change in size and
Plaza to Innovative street art like Justus Roe's mural shape as the river deposits new sedimentary particles
South Shore located on South Exchange Avenue. The where the river meets the waters of the Atlantic
public art on display in the city can thus Ocean.
satisfy any art lover.
hich choice completes the text with the most logical
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hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W and precise word or phrase?
and precise word or phrase? A) dynamic
A) breadth of B) immutable
B) controversy over C) sustainable
C) confusion about D) unrivaled
D) apathy toward
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survey found that in April 2022, 7.6 percent of
A heSan Pedrois just one of approximately three
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subscribers to fashion and apparel services million known historical shipwrecks spread
canceled their subscriptions. Reducing this kind of throughout the world's oceans, and their impact on
subscriber turnover is especially challenging for sea life and underwater ecosystems is of great
subscription sellers: customers' initial enthusiasm interest to researchers. Leila Hamdan and colleagues
for a subscription is often quick to , and were particularly curious about the effects of wooden
sellers must thus devise other incentives to bolster shipwrecks on seafloor microbial communities. The
retention. researchers studied two wooden shipwrecks in the
Gulf of Mexico by placing pieces of pine and oak
hich choice completes the text with the most
W between zero and 200 meters away from each
logical and precise word or phrase? shipwreck to collect samples of three kinds of
A) subside microbes: bacteria, archaes, and fungi. They found
B) rejuvenate that across the three microbial communities, peak
C) converge diversity and richness was observed on pine and oak
D) resolve samples placed approximately 125 meters from the
shipwrecks.
y
hich choice best describes the overall structure of
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the text?
A) It introduces a study of microbial
communities near shipwrecks that has
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received significant scholarly attention,
summarizes the results of that study, and then
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describes a research team's reaction to the
study.
a
B) It notes a general scientific interest in
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shipwrecks ecological effects, describes a
specific study related to that interest, and then
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states one of the study's findings.
C) It states the number of known shipwrecks,
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describes the historical significance of one of
those shipwrecks, and then comments on the
various microbes found at the shipwreck site.
D) It names a famous historical shipwreck,
describes the type of wood used to build that
ship, and then explains how that wood type
influences underwater microbial communities.
3
he Federalist Papers are a collection of 85 essays
T ommunity science, which involves professional
C
written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James scientists collaborating with amateur science
Madison. They were published pseudonymously in the enthusiasts to study a topic, is often an effective and
Independent Journal and other New York newspapers engaging way to conduct research. It can offer insight
in 1787-88 and argued that New Yorkers should vote into the daily life of a scientist, spark youth interest in
to ratify the proposed United States Constitution. science, and increase the amount of data researchers
Though the authorship of most of the individual can collect. This approach was essential to the
essays is certain, that of a few is in question: for success of a study by biologist Abbigail Merrill and
instance, while No. 15, "The Insufficiency of the colleagues of how weather relates to a butterfly's
Present Confederation to Preserve the Union," was flower choice, which included findings from hundreds
surely penned by Hamilton, No. 52, "The House of of students and community members in northwestern
Representatives” may have been written by either Arkansas.
Hamilton or Madison.
hich choice best describes the overall structure of
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Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
the text? A) It describes the development of a type of
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A) The test mentions a collection of essays and scientific collaboration, shows how that type
then points out something about these essays of collaboration has been used in a particular
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that is not completely known. field of study, and then suggests future
B) The text summarizes an argument made in a collaborative projects.
collection of essays and then suggests that B) It introduces the scientific study, describes the
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the essays authors didn't unanimously agree study's importance and then presents the
with the argument. study's results.
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C) The text lists the authors of a collection of C) It identifies a particular approach to research,
essays and then notes that some of the lists some benefits of that approach, and then
a
essays were written by one person, while mentions a study in which that approach was
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others were written by two people. used.
D) The text describes why a collection of essays D) It argues for a new approach to scientific
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is notable and then details its publication research. comments on the public's opinion
history. about the approach, and then describes how
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that approach was applied in a certain study.
4
he following text is adapted from Jerome K.
T " Coyote" is an example of a loanword—that is, a word
Jerome's 1889 novelThree Men in a Boat(To Say that originated in one language and was later adopted
Nothing of the Dog). The narrator is traveling by boat by another. The word came to English indirectly from
with Harris and another friend. coyote, the Spanish word for the wild canine species.
[Harris] told us anecdotes of how he had gone Spanish had borrowed it from Nahuatl, an Indigenous
across the [English] Channel when it was so rough language of Central Mexico, in which the word's
that the passengers had to be tied into their original form is coyotl. "Condor" is also Indigenous in
[beds], and he and the captain were the only two origin and entered English through Spanish. But in this
living souls on board who were not ill. Sometimes case, the original source was Quechua, a language of
it was he and the second mate who were not ill; South America, in which the word for the large vulture
but it was generally he and one other man. If not iskuntur.
he and another man, then it was he by himself.
he author makes which point about the Spanish
T
Which choice best states the main idea of the text? language?
A) During a previous boat trip, Harris spent more A) It has served as a medium through which
time with the other passengers than with the Indigenous languages have influenced
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captain. English.
B) Harris has a hard time remembering his first B) Its contribution to English vocabulary roughly
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trip across the English Channel when his equals the collective contribution by
friends ask about it. Indigenous languages.
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C) When Harris speaks of an earlier trip, he often C) It has borrowed words from Indigenous
changes the details but always brags about languages and contributed words to them.
his own wellness. D) It adopted Nahuatl and Quechua words in
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D) Harris is worried that he and his friends will approximately equal numbers.
encounter rough waters during their boat trip.
a
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5
verage Total Agricultural Export Growth Rate, Five
A Orientation of Leaf Pairs in Grapevines
Years Pre-and Post-FTA with the United States
uxins are a class of hormones that influence plant
A
o measure whether countries in free trade
T growth, including leaf orientation (the tendency of
agreements (FTAs) agreements among nations to leaves to be larger on one side of their long central
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reduce tariffs, duties, and other trade barriers axis than the other). University of California, Berkeley
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experience changes in total agricultural exports, biologist Ciera Martinez and colleagues noted that in
economist Kayode Ajewole and colleagues certain plants in which leaves grow in leaves.gr pairs,
calculated average export growth rates for several auxins will typically be concentrated in opposite sides
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countries over the five years before and the five of each leaf in the pair (e.g., on the left side of one leaf
years after entering an FTA the United States. The in the pair and the right side of the other). Accordingly,
graph shows the results for three countries in the they hypothesized that paired leaves should tend to
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study. Consulting the graph, a student claims that show opposite side orientation, and they tested their
a
joining an FTA increases the rate of growth of a hypothesis by examining paired leaves from several
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country's total agricultural exports. species of grapevines.
er
hich choice best describes data from the graph
W hich choice best describes data from the graph that
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that weaken the student’s claim? support Martinez and colleagues’ hypothesis?
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A) Over the five years after Costa Rica joined A) The number of leaf pairs showing
CAFTA-DR, agricultural exports from Costa opposite-side if orientation is fairly high in the
Rica grew at a rate of about 13.5 percent, July grape, but not as high as it is in the
which is higher than the rate over the five graybark grape.
years before Costa Rica joined the B) Although the number of leaf pairs showing
agreement. same-side if orientation is fairly high in the
B) All the countries shown had positive growth July grape, it is much lower in both the frost
in agricultural exports over the five years grape and graybark grape.
after joining their respective FTAs, but their C) Although the exact ratio varies by species, the
rates of export growth varied. graybark grape, frost grape, and July grape all
C) Although agricultural exports from Jordan show more leaf pairs with opposite-side
decreased over the five years before JOFTA, orientations than with same-side orientations.
a reversal in this trend was observed over D) In the graybark grape, frost grape, and July
the five years after Jordan joined JOFTA. grape, all the leaf pairs show opposite-side
D) Although agricultural exports from Morocco orientation.
grew over the five years after Morocco
joined MAFTA, their growth rate was even
higher in the five years before MAFTA.
6
esearchers have noted that people with clinically
R van MacLean and colleagues evaluated behavioral
E
typical hearing perceive sounds they believe to be and genetic data from over 14,000 dogs,
meaningful as quieter than sounds of the same representing more than 100 breeds, and found that
volume that they believe to be noise (i.e., variations in behavior between breeds can be
meaningless to the listener). In a recent study, attributed to genetic variations between those
Antonia Olivia Dolan and colleagues allowed breeds, suggesting a genetic basis for breed
participants to listen to (and adjust the volume of) differences in behavior. This was the case for both
recordings of nature sounds. The researchers noted separation problems and dog rivalry but was
that participants may have treated the nature sounds especially pronounced for attachment and
as noise, which suggests that if a participant was attention-seeking, which can be seen when a dog
exposed to Metallica’s “Sad but True” and the nature solicits affection or attention. In a different study,
sounds at a volume of 61.5 decibels, the participant researchers found that, with regard to attachment
likely would have and attention-seeking, the French bulldog behaves in
notably different ways than the cairn terrier.
Which choice most logically completes the text? Together, these findings imply that
A) experienced the nature sounds as louder
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than “Sad but True” even though they were Which choice most logically completes the text?
not. A) the French bulldog and the certain terrier
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B) believed that neither the nature sounds nor differ with respect to the genetic
“Sad but True” were at a volume of 61.5 underpinnings for attachment and
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decibels. attention-seeking.
C) perceived the nature sounds and “Sad but B) the French bulldog and the cairn terrier will
True” to be comparably meaningful despite likely become more genetically similar over
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perceiving the music to be quieter. time.
D) adjusted the volume of the nature sounds to C) French bulldogs and cairn terriers show a
a
be greater than 61.5 decibels. greater tendency toward attachment and
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attention-seeking than most other dog
breeds do.
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D) individual French bulldogs may display
higher levels of attachment and
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attention-seeking than individual cairn
terriers.
7
he jade hawkmoth, a large-bodied moth, defends
T he towns of
T Ayem, and Jamame are all
itself against Brandt's myotis and other insect-eating located almost directly on the equator. However, they
bats, which use echolocation to hunt, by emitting are each in different countries: Kenya, Gabon, and
ultrasonic clicks that can, for instance, signal the Somalia, respectively.
moths’ unpleasant taste. To investigate moths'
defensive ultrasound-which researchers had thought hich choice completes the text so that it conforms
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was exclusive to tiger moths, hawkmoths, and one to the conventions of Standard English?
species of geometer moths-Jesse R. Barber et al. A) Maseno
recorded the responses of moths from 252 genera, B) Maseno:
representing most families of large-bodied moths, to C) Maseno;
audio playback of bat echolocation. The researchers D) Maseno,
found that 52 of the genera, including several genera
belonging to the geometer family produced defensive
ultrasonic clicks. This result suggests that
Which choice most logically completes the text?
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A) unlike the 52 moth genera that emit ultrasonic irected by the Mohawk filmmaker Tracey Deer, the
D
clicks, most moth genera have likely not feature-length dramaBeansis one of many films by
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developed defenses specifically against bat indigenous women featured in film
attacks. festivals in recent years.
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B) some genera of large-bodied moths may use
ultrasonic signaling for purposes other than hich choice completes the text so that it conforms
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avoiding capture by predators such as to the conventions of Standard English?
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Brandt's myotis. A) to have been
C) ultrasound production is only one of a diverse B) were being
a
range of effective strategies moths employ to C) had been
ic
evade bat attacks. D) are being
D) anti-bat ultrasound production may be a more
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prevalent defense strategy among large
bodied moths than previously known to
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researchers.
In the periodic table, an element's atomic number
indicates how many protons there are in an atom of
the element. For example, a helium atom
2 protons. Professor Raymond Chang explains this
concept in more detail in the textbookChemistry.
hich choice completes the text so that it
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conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) has had
B) has
C) is having
D) had
8
icolay de Caveri, the Genoese geographer
N n February 1, 2018, a Florida-based research
O
responsible for creating a sixteenth-century world team-Martha A. Scholl, Maoya Bassiouni. and Angel J.
map, and Flemish known for showing Torres-Sanchez compiled climate data from several
the world in a cordiform projection, are both sites in Puerto Rico's Luquillo Mountains. At 8:30 a.m.,
remembered for their contributions to the history of the air temperature was 16°C at site CC1, the site with
of mapmaking during the early modern period. the highest it had shifted to 16.8°C by
11:00 pm.
hich choice completes the text so that it
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conforms to the conventions of Standard English? hich choice completes the text so that it conforms
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A) cartographer Abraham Ortelius, to the conventions of Standard English?
B) cartographer, Abraham Ortelius A) elevation and
C) cartographer Abraham Ortelius B) elevation
D) cartographer, Abraham Ortelius, C) elevation,
D) elevation, and
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wo of the most celebrated examples of visual
T blend of gabardine and wool, the material for Elvis
A
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allegory in painting.The Four Elements: Airby Joachim Presley's Peacock jumpsuit was flexible enough to
Beuckelaer andCeres (Summer)by Antoine Watteau, allow the singer to perform his signature dance
were completed in 1570 and such moves. the added weight of the suit's
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allegorical artwork was particularly popular from from embroidered feathers in shades of blue and green
the 15th through the late 18th centuries. likely limited Elvis's mobility to some degree.
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hich choice completes the text so that it conforms
W hich choice completes the text with the most
W
a
to the conventions of Standard English? logical transition?
ic
A) 1712 respectively, A) However,
B) 1712, respectively; B) Firstly,
er
C) 1712, respectively, C) In other words,
D) 1712; respectively, D) For this reason,
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hen it was completed in 1889, the Eiffel Tower in
W cientists studying asteroid deflection have
S
Paris, France, was criticized—even protested—for the focused on secondary objects such as S/2006
novelty of its unique spire-like silhouette. (311066), a moonlet orbiting the near-Earth asteroid
the design is commonplace, found in everything from 2004 DC. In 2022 NASA intentionally crashed a
Eiffel Tower replicas like the one in Rio de Janeiro, probe into just such an object, successfully altering
Brazil, to structures like the Copenhagen Zoo Tower in its orbit. Scientists have yet to demonstrate,
Copenhagen, Denmark. that 2004 DC and other primary objects
would be similarly affected.
hich choice completes the text with the most logical
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transition? hich choice completes the text with the most logical
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A) On the contrary, transition?
B) In conclusion, A) though,
C) Furthermore, B) for example,
D) Nowadays, C) likewise,
D) moreover,
9
hile researching a topic, a student has taken the
W hile researching a topic, a student has taken the
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following notes: following notes:
● The Simon Kenton Trail is a rail trail. ● Most of the plant and bird species in Oahu,
● It is located in Ohio. Hawai, are non-native.
● The Papermill Trail is a rail trail. ● In a 2019 study, researchers wanted to know
● It is located in Maine. what role non-native birds play in dispersing
● Rail trails are former railroad corridors that plant seeds in Oahu
have been converted into public paths. ● Researchers catalogued plant seeds found
The student wants to emphasize a similarity in fecal samples from non-native birds.
between the Simon Kenton Trail and the Papermill ● Touchardia latifolia,a flowering shrub, was
Trail. Which choice most effectively uses relevant one of fifteen native species catalogued.
information from the notes to accomplish this goal? ● Hedychiumgardnerianum,an herbaceous
A) A public path created from a former railroad vine, was one of twenty-nine non-native
corridor can be found in Maine. species catalogued.
B) Both the Simon Kenton Trail and the ● Researchers concluded that non-native birds
Papermill Trail are rail trails. play a vital role in dispersing the seeds of
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C) The Simon Kenton Trail is in Ohio, whereas native and non-native plants.
the Papermill Trail is in Maine. The student wants to contrast the two plants. Which
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D) A former railroad corridor, the Simon Kenton choice most effectively uses relevant information
Trail is located in Ohio from the notes to accomplish this goal?
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A) In Oahu, Hawaii, seeds fromTouchardia
latifoliaandHedychium gordnerianumplants
were found in the fecal samples of
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non-native birds.
B) The plantsTouchardia latifoliaand
a
Hedychium gardnerianumcan be found in
ic
Oahu, Hawaii.
C) Touchardia latifolia,a species of shrub, is
er
native to Oahu, Hawaii, butHedychium
gardnerianum,a species of vine, is not.
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D) Most plant species found in Oahu, Hawaii,
likeHedychium gardnerianum,are
non-native.
10
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
● Lighthouses send out crucial light signals to help ships and other watercraft navigate at night.
● Before automation, lighthouses were run by lighthouse keepers.
● Barbara Mabrity was the lighthouse keeper at Key West Light in Florida.
● She held this position from 1832 to 1862.
● Flora McNeil was the lighthouse keeper at Bridgeport Breakwater Light in Connecticut.
● She held this position from 1904 to 1920.
The student wants to emphasize a difference between the two lighthouse keepers. Which choice most
effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) Barbara Mabrity and Flora McNeil both played crucial roles in ensuring safe navigation for watercraft in
past centuries.
B) From 1832 to 1862, the nighttime waters of Florida were made more navigable thanks to Barbara
Mabrity.
C) Barbara Mabrity worked as a lighthouse keeper in an earlier century than did Florida McNeil.
D) As the lighthouse keeper at Bridgeport Breakwater Light, Florida McNeil helped watercraft navigate at
night.
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STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any other
module in the test.
11
Reading and Writing
27 QUESTIONS
IRECTIONS
D
The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each question
includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage and question
carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s). All questions in
this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a single best answer
ybersecurity experts often encourage users to create
C espite stated claims of global relevance, much major
D
passwords that are fairly complicated and therefore research on income inequality performed in the 2010s
difficult to guess. Nonetheless, research has shown suffered from a myopic focus on a few countries in
y
that the more approach to password North America and Western Europe, partly due to
selection seems to favor convenience over security; limited data availability. Researchers would later
for example, the second most commonly used
password in 2016 was the easily remembered
ud this shortcoming after gaining new access
to banking records located in nations in Asia, such as
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"password.” China, and Eastern Europe, such as Hungary.
hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W
n
and precise word or phrase? and precise word or phrase?
a
A) creative A) mitigate
B) presuppose
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B) useful
C) popular C) validate
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D) complex D) categorize
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12
ne popular theory of the origin of the Moon, the "big
O uring Rome's republican period, which ended in the
D
whack," posits that a protoplanet called Theia collided first century BCE, libraries were predominantly owned
with Earth, flinging debris into orbit that eventually by wealthy individuals who tightly controlled access
coalesced into the Moon. Until recently, Theia was to their book collections. The first public library
, but researcher Qian Yuan and colleagues became available in Rome in 28 BCE and was soon
now claim to have identified pieces of the protoplanet followed by one commissioned by Emperor Augustus.
in the lowermost section of Earth's mantle. As modern scholar Fabio Fernandes notes, however,
these two traditions aren't as distinct as they seem, as
hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W both the emperor and the private library owners
and precise word or phrase? viewed their libraries as extensions of their personal
A) notional patronage, just on vastly differing scales.
B) spurious
C) veritable hich choice best states the main purpose of the
W
D) desultory test?
A) To give a brief overview of public access to
libraries throughout Rome's republican period
y
B) To contend that early imperial leaders in
Rome wielded too much influence over
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libraries
C) To assert that private and early public
libraries in ancient Rome had an essential
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similarity
D) To call into question the notion that private
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Roman libraries disappeared during the first
century BCE
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13
he following text is from George Marion McClellan’s
T he following text is from Reyna Grande's 2012
T
1895 poem “Eternity.” memoirThe Distance Between Us. In the text, Grande
My spirit swoons, and all my senses cry is reflecting on experiences she had as a child. Abuela
Tor Ocean's breast and covering of the sky. Evala is her grandmother, Elida is her cousin, and
Rock me to sleep, ye waves, and outward bound, Mago and Carlos are her siblings.
Just let me drift far out from toil and care, Every few days, Abuela Evila washed Elida's
Where lapping of the waves shall be the sound, hair with lemon water because, according to
Which mingled with the winds that gently bear her, lemon juice cleans the impurities of the
Me on between a peaceful sea and sky, hair and makes it shiny and healthy. In the
To make my soothing slumberous lullaby. afternoons, she’d fill up a bucket from the
water tank, pick a few lemons from
hich choice best states the main purpose of the
W the tree, and squeeze the juice into the water.
text?
A) To justify the speaker's qualms about being Mago, Carlos, and I would hide behind a pink
transported by the ocean to a quiet destination oleander bush and watch their ritual through
B) To contrast the demands of the speaker's the narrow leaves. Abriela Evila washed
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everyday life with the serenity of being rocked Elida's hair as if she were washing an
to sleep by the ocean expensive silk rebozo.
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C) To illustrate the increasing intensity of the
speaker's desire to escape ongoing hardship hich choice best describes the main purpose of the
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by gliding on the ocean text?
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D) To convey the speaker's longing for the ocean A) To give an example of a typical interaction
to impart a sense of inner tranquility etween Grande’s siblings
b
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B) To describe a regular occurrence from
Grande’s childhood
a
C) To illustrate how Grande’s relationship with
ic
Elida grew over time
D) To explain how Grande felt about a location
er
where she spent time as a child
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14
ext 1
T he following text is from Virginia Wooll 1919 novel
T
In parts of New Zealand, the stoat is a major predator Night and Day. The narrator describes a gatheringof
of the house mouse. Researcher G.L. Blackwell and artists and intellectuals.
colleagues found that when this predation pressure on One person after another rose, and, as with an
house mice was temporarily reduced, their numbers ill-balanced axe, attempted to hew out his
significantly increased. This finding illustrates a conception of art a little more clearly, and sat
foundational ecologicalprinciple: predators control down with the feeling that, for some reason which
prey population numbers. he could not grasp, his strokes had gone awry. As
they sat down they turned almost invariably to the
ext 2
T person sitting next them, and rectified and
William D. Gulsby and colleagues found that excluding continued what they had just said in public.
coyotes from a site in the state of Georgia where they
typically prey on white-tailed deer had no significant he text makes which point about the people at the
T
effect on white-tailed deer abundance. Many other gathering?
predation relief studies show an increase in prey A) Each is contemptuous of the other attendees
abundance, but those studies often focus on small, but strives to impress them.
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rapidly reproducing prey, like birds, mice, and frogs, B) Each fails at presenting a wholly coherent
rather than large, slowly reproducing prey, like vision of art but does not understand why.
ud
white-tailed deer, which could account for the C) Each becomes entangled in a debate about
difference between those results and Gulshy and art, and no one knows how to resolve the
colleagues results. debate.
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D) Each delights in speaking publicly about
ased on the texts, the author of Text 2 would most
B abstract subjects but detests speaking
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likely agree with which statement about the "principle" privately about them.
mentioned in Text 1?
a
A) It is plausible, but many of the studies that
ic
support it have methodological flaws.
B) It has been challenged by some studies, but
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the findings of those studies have not been
widely accepted.
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C) It may be true for some predators but only
because those predators share certain
physical characteristics.
D) It has some evidential support, but it should
not be regarded as universally applicable.
15
ighteenth-century economist Adam Smith is famed
E arly Earth is thought to have been characterized by a
E
for his metaphor of the invisible hand, which he stagnant lid tectonic regime, in which the upper
putatively used to illustrate a robust model of how lithosphere (the outer rocky layer) was essentially
individuals produce aggregate benefits by pursuing immobile and there was no interaction between the
their own economic interests. Note "putatively": as lithosphere and the underlying mantle. Researchers
Gavin Kennedy has shown, Smith deploys this investigated the timing of the transition from a
metaphor only once in his economic writings—to stagnant lid regime to a tectonic plate regime, in
make a narrow point about the then-dominant which the lithosphere is fractured into dynamic plates
economic theory of mercantilism—and it was largely that in turn allow lithospheric and mantle material to
ignored until some twentieth-century economists mix. Examining chemical data from lithospheric and
eager to secure an intellectual pedigree for their mantle-derived rocks ranging from 285 million to 3.8
views elevated it to a fully-fledged paradigm. billion years old, the researchers dated the transition
to 3.2 billion years ago.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
A) Some twentieth-century economists gave hich finding, if true, would most directly support the
W
Smith's metaphor of the invisible hand a researchers’ conclusion?
y
significance it does not have in Smith's work, A) Mantle-derived rocks older than 3.2 billion
but it is nevertheless a useful model of how years show significantly more compositional
ud
individuals produce aggregate benefits by diversity than lithospheric rocks older than
pursuing their own economic interests. 3.2 billion years.
B) Smith's metaphor of the invisible hand has B) There is a positive correlation between the
St
been interpreted as a model of how age of lithospheric rocks and their chemical
individuals acting in their own interest similarity to mantle-derived rocks, and that
n
produce aggregate benefits, but it was correlation increases from 3.2 billion years
intended as a subtle critique of the economic onward.
a
theory of mercantilism. C) Among rocks known to be older than 3.2
ic
C) The reputation of Smith's metaphor of the billion years, significantly more are mantle
invisible hand is not due to the importance of derived than lithospheric, but the opposite is
er
the metaphor in Smith's work but rather to true for the rocks younger than 3.2 billion
the promotion of the metaphor by some later years.
Am
economists for their own ends. D) Mantle-derived rocks younger than 3.2 billion
D) Although Smith is famed for his metaphor of years contain some material that is not found
the invisible hand, the metaphor was largely in older mantle-derived rocks but is found in
ignored until economists in the twentieth older and contemporaneous lithospheric
century came to realize that the metaphor rocks.
was a robust model that anticipated their
own views.
16
aeed M.Z.A. Tarabieh conducted a study of consumer C
S orrelation between Model-Predicted and
attitudes toward Jordanian food and beverage Participant-Reported Enjoyment Ratings, by Painting
companies and found that for consumers who value Style
environmental conservation, their likelihood of
purchasing a product decreased when their perception
of the product's risk of causing environmental harm
increased. Subsequently, other researchers conducted
a study of various demographic groups in China,
investigating participants' intentions to purchase a
new television, and found that, on average, rural
residents had the highest perception among all the
demographic groups in the study of the environmental
risks of the TV. Assuming that the results of Tarabieh's
study are broadly applicable, this finding suggests that
euroscientist Kiyohito ligaya and colleagues
N
developed a computational model to predict how
y
Which choice most logically completes the text?
much a person will enjoy a particular work of art on a
A) the new TV is more appealing to rural
ud
scale from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). They then
residents than other similar products on the
recruited participants to use the same scale to rate
market are.
several sets of paintings in various styles and
B) rural residents likely prioritize other factors
St
calculated the correlation between the ratings
over a product's environmental sustainability
predicted by the model and those reported by the
when making purchasing decisions
participants. Assuming participant P6 gave equal
n
C) there is not a meaningful difference in the
ratings to the abstract and cubist paintings, the data
average likelihood of purchasing
a
in the graph indicate the model predicted that
environmentally friendly products among the
ic
demographic groups included in the study.
D) rural residents might be less likely than
er
hich choice most effectively uses data from the
W
participants in the other demographic groups
graph to complete the example?
to purchase the TV.
Am
A) P6's rating for abstract and cubist paintings
would equal one another.
B) P6's ratings for abstract and cubist paintings
would differ from one another.
C) P6 would derive less aesthetic pleasure from
abstract paintings than from cubist paintings.
D) P6 would derive more aesthetic pleasure from
abstract paintings than from cubist paintings.
17
cholars citeMen of Maize, the 1949 novel by Guatemalan authorMiguel Angel Asturias, as a foundational
S
text of magical realism, the Latin American style of fiction in which antirealistic plot devices-often borrowed
from the folkloric traditions of Indigenous and colonial societies in the Americas—are deployed in an
otherwise realistic mode of representation typical of the modern novel. This style has exerted a decisive
influence on authors around the world, including Orhan Pamuk,whose 2001 novelMy NameisRedresembles
classic magical realist novels in its juxtaposition of literary realism with folklore—namely, that of Turkey.
hich quotation from a literary scholar would most directly support the claim in the underlined portion of the
W
text?
A) “Although Turkish folklore clearly informs the style and occasionally antirealistic plot ofMy Name Is
Red,the novel also shows the inarguable influence ofthe magical realist tradition of Latin America."
B) "The logic of the realistic plot ofMy Name Is Redis repeatedlyand productively disrupted by the
presence of imagery and situations drawn from Turkish folklore.”
C) “Like many works in the Latin American magical realist tradition,My Name Is Redis indebted to
antirealistic elements in the folkloric tradition of Turkey."
D) "WhileMy Name is Redalternates between realistic and antirealistic modes of representation, details
y
suggesting the influence of Turkish folklore nevertheless occur throughout the novel"
ud
St
a n
ic
er
Am
18
verage Ratings of Perceived Personality Traits of Dogs and Human Willingness to Keep or Interact with
A
Them
Image ID Irises ot friendly
N Immature ould not keep (0)
W ould not interact with (0)
W
number (0)-Friendly (5) (0)-Mature (5) - would keep (3) - Would interact with (3)
20 light 2.08 4.06 1.5 1.75
16 light 1.61 3.64 1.3 1.6
11 dark 3.18 2.94 1.85 2.05
2 dark 3.46 2.74 1.85 2.45
Interested in how differences in the color of dogs’ irises affect human responses to dogs, Akitsugu Konno et
al. showed close-up-images of dogs' faces to human participants and asked them to rate the dogs' traits and
their own attitudes toward the dogs, Konno et al. suggest that differences in iris color led participants to view
y
some dogs as more vulnerable and in need of protection than others and that this phenomenon could help
explain the association the researchers observed between iris color and participants’ inclinations to interact
ud
with or keep dogs, as illustrated by the finding that
St
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?
A) the more mature a dog was perceived to be, the more likely participants were to rate it as having light
irises.
n
B) participants favored the dogs in images 2 and 11, which they rated as less mature than the dogs in
a
images 20 and 16.
C) participants rated the dog in image 2 as less mature than the dog in image 11 and rated the dog in
ic
image 16 as less mature than the dog in image 20.
er
D) dogs that participants rated as friendlier were also dogs that participants indicated a stronger
willingness to interact with or keep.
Am
19
cholars are increasingly exploring the communication
S espite the fact that what is now known as the
D
and preservation of ecological knowledge through Carmichael number was first posited by Václav
Indigenous songs (e.g. Kazakh songs about water and Šimerka, the number is named after the
foraging quality and those of the O'odham people twentieth-century American mathematician Robert
about desert plants). In one study, ethnobiologist Dana Carmichael. One might assume cases like this, where
Lepofsky et al. received insight from Kwaxsistalla a discovery or concept is not named after the first
Wathi'thla, a song keeper for the Kwakwaka'wakw person who discovered it, to be they are
people in Canada, into songs referencing the people's counted among a litany of examples of Stigler's law.
use of terraced gardens in intertidal zones along the
Pacific Northwest coast for the cultivation of clams for hich choice completes the text so that it conforms
W
consumption. Archaeological evidence of significant to the conventions of Standard English?
increases in clam size and abundance in that area A) rare; on the contrary,
concurrent with the documented past implementation B) rare on the contrary,
of the method described in the songs supports the C) rare, on the contrary;
conclusion that D) rare, on the contrary,
y
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) non-Indigenous people around the Pacific
ud
Northwest coast adopted the practice
developed by the Kwakwaka’wakw people
after observing its efficacy.
St
B) the practice used by ancestors of modern
Kwakwaka’wakw people not only effectively
n
maintained a food source but also promoted
its robustness.
a
C) there is greater corroboration in the
ic
archaeological record of ecological practices
described in Kwakwaka wakw songs than of
er
those described in Kazakh and O'odham
songs.
Am
D) although contemporary Kwakwaka wakw
people have a deep understanding of and
appreciation for the fishing and farming
practices used by their ancestors, they no
longer implement those methods.
20
ontrasting a high saturation color palette against
C hile the greater adjutant can be found in places like
W
dark paper and stoneware, Atlanta-based artist Jiha the Central Tanintharyi Coast in Myanmar and Dong
Moon creates fused pieces, wherein Korean folk art, Khanthung in Laos, more than 80 percent of this
Western contemporary art, and global popular culture endangered stork species is found in Assam, India.
mix. New York's Derek Eller Gallery her workThere, wildlife biologist Dr Purnima Devi Barman is on
in a solo exhibition that ran in early 2022. the front lines of conservation efforts that—through
community involvement and scientific aim
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to to bring adjutants back from near extinction.
the conventions of Standard English?
A) has been featured Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
B) features to the conventions of Standard English?
C) will feature A) study,
D) featured B) study
C) study—
D) study:
y
ud
he human hand contains the flexor pollicis brevis, a
T In the list "Splendid Things" from Sei Shonagon's
skeletal muscle that is attached to the this Pillow Book, the author delights in grape-colored
muscle plays a role in flexing the thumb. fabric, wisteria vines around a tree, and a
St
snow-covered garden. So shrewd an observer is
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to Shonagon, a lady-in-waiting to Empress Teishi, that
the conventions of Standard English? her book's musings on tenth-century Japanese courtly
n
A) trapezoid, life readers a thousand years later.
a
B) trapezoid;
ic
C) trapezoid Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
D) trapezoid that to the conventions of Standard English?
er
A) is fascinating
B) has fascinated
Am
C) fascinate
D) fascinates
he Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
T illiam Shakespeare likely arrived in London as early
W
Development (OECD) tracks comparative price list as 1585, at the age of 21, to pursue a career in the
data for its thirty-eight member countries. According theater. Little is known of his early years there, but by
to this data, in July 2021, a "basket" of goods and 1596 he was becoming known for plays such asKing
services priced at 100 US dollars (USD) in the United John. in 1605, he would delight audiences
States would have cost 55 USD in fellow OECD withAll's Well That Ends Well, considered by someto
member be one of his greatest works.
hich choice completes the text so that it conforms to W
W hich choice completes the text with the most logical
the conventions of Standard English? transition?
A) nation: Costa Rica. A) Thus,
B) nation—Costa Rica. B) In other words,
C) nation Costa Rica. C) Later,
D) nation, Costa Rica. D) Conversely,
21
In 2015, geologist Peter Rogerson calculated that the hile researching a topic, a student has taken the
W
geographic center of Kansas was a point 2.1miles following notes:
southeast of the municipality of McClusky. Rogerson's ● Grimanesa Amoros is a Peruvian American
calculation was more accurate than the one from 1920 artist well known for her LED light sculptures.
by the US Geological Survey. this earlier ● Her sculptureWatch Your Stepis made of
calculation was made using far more rudimentary smooth multicolored LED domes.
equipment only cardboard and string. ● It occupies 335 cubic feet of space.
● Her sculptureGolden Connectionis made of
Which choice completes the text with the most logical entangled blue and white LED tubes.
transition? ● It occupies 100,000 cubic feet of space.
A) Likewise, The student wants to emphasize a similarity between
B) To that end, Watch Your StepandGolden Connection. Which
C) Of course, choice most effectively uses relevant information
D) Ultimately, from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) Grimanesa Amoros is the artist behindWatch
Your Step—a sculpture made of smooth
y
multicolored LED domes.
B) At 100,000 cubic feet in size, Grimanesa
ud
Amoros'sGolden Connectioncuts a larger
figure than the 335-cubic-footWatch Your
Step.
St
C) Watch Your Stepis an LED light sculpture
made by Grimanesa Amoros, as isGolden
n
Connection.
D) The smooth LED domes of Grimaness
a
Amoros’sWatch Your Stepstand in contrast
ic
to the tangled LED tubes ofGolden
Connection.
er
Am
22
hile researching a topic, a student has taken the
W hile researching a topic, a student has taken the
W
following notes: following notes:
● Generally, an object will heat up when twisted ● Merle Oberon (1911-1979) was an actress
● The twisting of an object is known as born in Mumbai (then known as Bombay),
torsion. India.
● A 2019 study led by Zunfeng Liu and Ray ● She was of Indian, Maori, and Irish heritage.
Baughman tested the torsional heatting of ● She was the first Indian-born actress to be
various fibers. nominated for an Academy Award.
● When a 3-millimeter-thick sample of ● Early in her career, she played many
thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fiber was nameless, uncredited roles, such as her role
twisted, its average surface temperature inService for Ladies(1932).
increased by 6℃. ● Later, she played many named, credited roles,
● When a 4-millimeter-thick sample of such as Katherine Beckmann inOf Love and
styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) Desire(1956).
rubber fiber was twisted, its average surface The student wants to emphasize the order in which
temperature increased by 3.5℃. the two films were released. Which choice most
y
The student wants to contrast the two samples. effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
Which choice most effectively uses relevant accomplish this goal?
ud
information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A) Merle Oberon was famous for her roles in
A) Twisting an object will generally cause its films likeStrange Evidence(1933) andThe
temperature to increase, a process known as Price of Fear(1956).
St
torsional heating. B) Strange Evidence(1933) was released early in
B) In 2019, researchers studied the effect of Merle Oberon's career, whereas The Price of
n
torsional heating on various fibers, including Fear (1956) came out years later.
samples of SEBS rubber and TPU. C) InStrange Evidence(1933), actressMerle
a
C) When the fibers were twisted as part of the Oberonplayed a nameless, uncredited role;
ic
2019 study, the surface temperature of both however, inThe Price of Fear(1956), she
samples increased. played a credited role that of Jessica Warren.
er
D) The SEBS rubber sample used in the 2019 D) Early in her career, Merle Oberon wasn't listed
study was thicker than the TPU sample. in some film credits, such as the credits for
Am
the filmStrange Evidence, where she played a
nameless, uncredited role.
23
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
● A river's stream length is the length of a line that follows along the river path.
● A river's valley length is the length of a straight line drawn from the beginning of the river to the end.
● The river's curviness, or sinuosity, is the ratio of the river's stream length to its valley length.
● Low-sinuosity rivers have a stream length 1 - 1.5 times longer than their valley length, and
high-sinuosity rivers have a stream length 1.5 or more times longer than their valley length.
● The Embarras River in Canada has high sinuosity.
● The Lumi River in India has low sinuosity.
The student wants to compare the curviness of the two rivers. Which choice most effectively uses relevant
information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) The high-sinuosity Luni River in India is curvier than the low-sinuosity in Embarras River in Canada.
B) In both the Embarras and the Luni rivers, curviness is determined by comparing stream length to
valley length.
C) By comparing the stream lengths of the Embarras and Luni rivers to their valley lengths, one can
calculate their curviness, or sinuosity.
D) The Embarras River’s ratio of stream length to valley length, also known as sinuosity, is greater than
y
that of the Luni River.
ud
St
a n
ic
er
Am
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any other
module in the test.
24
Math
22 QUESTIONS
IRECTIONS
D
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is
permitted for all questions.
NOTES
Unless otherwise indicated:
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given functionfis the set of allreal numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.
REFERENCE
y
ud
St
a n
ic
er
Am
he number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
T
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
25
ormultiple-choicequestions,solveeachproblem,choosethecorrectanswerfromthe
F
choices provided, and thencircleyouranswerinthisbook.Circleonlyoneanswerfor
each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle.Youwillnotget
credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no
answers circled.
For student-produced responsequestions,solveeachproblemandwriteyouranswer
next to or under the question in the test book as described below.
● Onceyou'vewrittenyouranswer,circleitclearly.Youwillnotreceivecreditforanything
written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.
● If you findmore than one correct answer, write andcircle only one answer.
● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer andupto6characters
(including thenegativesign) for a negative answer,but no more.
● Ifyouranswerisafractionthatistoolong(over5charactersforpositive,6characters
for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
● Ifyouranswerisadecimalthatistoolong(over5charactersforpositive,6characters
y
for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
● Ifyouranswerisamixednumber(suchas3½2),writeitasanimproperfraction(7/2)
●
or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
ud
Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled
St
answer.
a n
ic
er
Am
26
he equation
T gives the total amount or the linear function , the graph of
F in
of money , in dollars, that James plans to save the -plane has a slope of and passes through
weeks after he starts to save. What is the total amount the point . Which equation defines ?
of money, in dollars, he plans to save in10weeks? )
A
A) 380
B)
B) 430
C)
C) 480
D)
D) 530
Which expression is equivalent to ? ophia bought confetti and balloons for$56. Each
S
A) package of confetti cost$3, and each balloon cost$1.
B) If Sophia bought10packages of confetti, how many
C) balloons did she buy?
D)
y
ud
St
In , the measures of nd
a are each
n
. What is the measure of ? If , what is the value of ?
a
A) )
A 08
1
ic
B) B) 258
C) C) 318
er
D) D) 468
Am
27
ine is defined by
L , line is parallel to In the given scatterplot, a line of best fit for the data is
line in the -plane. What is the slope of line ? shown.
he table shows the distribution of height, in
T
centimeters, of 25 objects.
Height Frequency
0 to 100 8
y
hich of the following is closest to the slope of this
W
101 to 200 6 line of best fit?
ud
A)
201 to 300 5 B)
St
C)
301 to 400 4 D)
401 to 500 2
a n
hich of the following could be the median height of
W
ic
the objects? At how many points do the graphs of the equations
A) 355 and intersect in the -plane?
er
B) 255
C) 155 )
A
0
Am
D) 55 B) 1
C) 2
D) 4
The -intercept of the graph of in the
he length of one side of square M is9times the
T
-plane is . What is the value of ?
length of one side of square N. The area of square N
is25square centimeters. What is the area, in square
centimeters, of square M?
A) 2,025
B) 810
C) 405
D) 225
28
What is the positive solution to the given equation?
researcher is designing a study to investigate the
A Note: figure not drawn to scale
average number of hours students at a high school In the figure shown, is the diameter and is a
spend reading per day. The researcher will report an radius of semicircle , and point is the midpointof
estimated average number of hours students at the . If the length of is13units and the length of
high school spend reading per day with an associated is14units, which expression represents the area,
margin of error. The researcher is considering using a in square units, of this figure?
random sample of either105or210students from the A)
high school. Which of the following would be the most B)
y
likely effect of using the larger random sample C)
compared to the smaller random sample? D)
ud
A) The reported margin of error would be lower.
B) The reported margin of error would be higher.
St
C) The reported average number of hours would
be lower
D) The reported average number of hours would
n
be higher
a
he function and are defined by the equations
T
ic
shown. Which expression is equivalent to
The height of a right circular cylinder is6incheslonger ?
er
than its radius, and the surface area of the cylinder is
square inches. What is the cylinder’s radius, in A)
Am
inches?
A) 15 B)
B) 18
C) 21
C)
D) 24
D)
29
he scatterplot shows the relationship between two
T
variables, and .
For the linear function , is a constant and
.What is the value of ?
In a certain state, the population of pheasants, a type
of bird, is estimated each year by counting the number hich of the following equations is the most
W
y
of pheasants observed along certain roads in the appropriate model for the data shown?
state. On average, each year from2005to2015the A)
ud
number of pheasants counted per mile of road B)
decreased by3.5%of the number of pheasants per C)
mile of road the previous year. Based on this average,
St
D)
if there were6.32pheasants per mile of road in this
state in2005, which of the following best
n
approximates the number of pheasants per mile of
road in2015?
a
A)
ne of the two equations in a system of linear
O
ic
B) equations is given. The system has no solution. Which
er
C) equation could be the second equation in this
D) system?
Am
A)
)
B
C)
The graph of the given equation is a circle in the
D)
-plane. The point lies on the circle. Which
of the following is a possible value for ?
A)
B)
C)
D)
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any other module in the
test.
30
Math
22 QUESTIONS
IRECTIONS
D
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is
permitted for all questions.
NOTES
Unless otherwise indicated:
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given functionfis the set of allreal numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.
REFERENCE
y
ud
St
a n
ic
er
Am
he number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
T
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
31
ormultiple-choicequestions,solveeachproblem,choosethecorrectanswerfromthe
F
choices provided, and thencircleyouranswerinthisbook.Circleonlyoneanswerfor
each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle.Youwillnotget
credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no
answers circled.
For student-produced responsequestions,solveeachproblemandwriteyouranswer
next to or under the question in the test book as described below.
● Onceyou'vewrittenyouranswer,circleitclearly.Youwillnotreceivecreditforanything
written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.
● If you findmore than one correct answer, write andcircle only one answer.
● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer andupto6characters
(including thenegativesign) for a negative answer,but no more.
● Ifyouranswerisafractionthatistoolong(over5charactersforpositive,6characters
for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
● Ifyouranswerisadecimalthatistoolong(over5charactersforpositive,6characters
y
for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
ud
● Ifyouranswerisamixednumber(suchas3½2),writeitasanimproperfraction(7/2)
or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled
St
answer.
a n
ic
er
Am
32
The function is defined by . certain blue whale calf weighed5,600pounds
A
What is the value of when ? when it was born, and its weight increased at an
A) average rate of250pounds per day for the first
B) days after birth, where n is an integer. If the calf's
C) weight was greater than8,850pounds but less than
9,850pounds days after birth, what is one
possible value of ?
D)
What is one of the solutions to the given equation?
A)
y
B)
C)
ud
D) The solution to the given system of equations is
. What is the value of ?
)
A
4
St
B) 36
C) 40
n
D) 44
a
ic
hemisphere is half of a sphere. If a hemisphere has
A
er
a radius of69inches, which of the following is
hegivenequationdefinesthefunction .Forwhat
T
closest to the volume, in cubic inches, of this
Am
value of does reach its minimum?
hemisphere?
A) 1.25
A) 10,000
B) 2 .25
B) 39,900
C) 13
C) 516,000
D) 45
D) 688,000
n exponential function f is defined by
A , How many solutions does the equation
where is a constant greater than1. If have?
, what is the value of ? )
A xactly one
E
B) Exactly two
C) Infinitely many
D) Zero
33
A line in the -plane passes through the points
, .Whatisthevalueof ? A
,and group of biology students conducted an
experiment to study the relationship between a
person's femur length and the person's height. The
given equation describes the relationship between
the length , in inches, of a student's femur andthe
student's estimated height , in inches, for the
students in the group. Which of the following is the
best interpretation of2.403in this context?
A) The increase in a student's estimated height,
in inches, for each increase of1inch in the
What are the solutions to the given equation?
student's femur length
B) The increase in a student's femur length, in
A) inches, for each increase of1inch in the
student's estimated height
C) The increase in a student's femur length, in
y
B) inches, for each increase of23.31inches in
the student's estimated height
ud
D) The estimated height, in inches, of a student
whose femur has a length of inches
C)
St
D)
a n
ic
er
Am
he histogram summarizes a data set of the
T
weights, in pounds, of14salmon. If an additional
weight of85pounds is added to the original data set
to create a new data set of15weights of salmon,
which of the following measures must be greater for
the new data set than for the original data set?
I. The median
II. The mean
)
A I only
B) II only
C) I and II
D) Neither I nor II
34
researcher surveyed undergraduate students,
A
graduate students, and postdoctoral students. The
number of undergraduate students surveyed was
6,950%of the number of postdoctoral students
surveyed and the number of graduate students
surveyed was35%of the number of undergraduate
students surveyed. If there were4,865graduate
ote: Figure not drawn to scale.
N
students surveyed, what was the sum of the number
In the figure shown, and intersect at point
of undergraduate students and postdoctoral
, . students surveyed?
What is the length of ?
A) 28
B) 60
C) 150
D) 175
y
ud
The function is defined by
St
he function
T gives the where and
estimated air temperature , in degrees Celsius are constants, and . If and
(℃), surrounding a hot air balloon an altitude of
n
, where and are constants, what
meters. If the estimated air temperature surrounding
a
is the value of ?
the hot air balloon is 16℃, which of the following is
ic
closest to the altitude, in meters, of the hot air
balloon?
er
A) 22
B) 923
Am
C) 1,375
D) 5,864
35
he functions
T and are defined by the given
equations below, where . Which of the
following quotations displays, as a constant or
coefficient, the minimum value of the function it
defines, where ?
I.
II.
)
A I only
B) II only
C) I and II
D) Neither I nor II
he graph of the linear function
T is
shown. If and are positive constants, which
equation could define ?
y
A)
B)
C)
D)
ud
St
a n
he set designer is hammering nails along the top
T
ic
edge of a wall with a length of feet, where isan
er
integer that will be used to hang garland. The
designer hammers the first nail at the left edge of the
Am
wall. The designer than hammers an additional nail
very
e feet along the entire length of the wall,
starting from the first nail and with the last nail being
hammered at the right edge of the wall. Which
equation best represents this situation, where is
the number of nails the designer hammers along the
entire length of the wall? The shaded region shown represents the solution to
, where and are constants.
A) What is the value of ?
A)
B)
)
B
C)
C)
D)
D)
36
The table shows three values of and their
corresponding values of , where
and is a linear function. What is
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
the -intercept of the graph of in the
-plane? In the figure shown, points , , nd lie on the
a
)
A circle, and . Segment is perpendicular
y
B)
to segment at point , and . The
C)
D)
d
ud
iameter of the circle is 115. If
value of ?
, what is the
St
a n
ic
er
Am
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any other module in the
test.
37