POSITIVE COLOR IS BLUE SLIDE TEST GROWTH AT 42 C

ACETAMIDE UTILIZATION TEST= + (P. AERUGINOSA); ALKALINE PH CATALASE TEST= + (S. AUREUS); COPIOUS BUBBLES ARE PRODUCED, POSITIVE:
(BROMOTHYMOL BLUE) Differentiates catalase-positive micrococcal and staphylococcal Pseudomonas
species from catalase- negative streptococcal species Aeruginosa (growth at
ACETATE UTILIZATION TEST= + (E.COLI) differentiates shigella from e.coli both 35C and 42C)
; ALKALINE PH (BROMOTHYMOL BLUE) CPOP (Catalase +, Oxidase +) CPON (Catalase +, Oxidase -)
• Micrococcus • Staphylococcus
NEGATIVE:
• Neisseria (N. elongata • Enterobacteriaceae (
BUTYRATE DISK= + (M. CATARRHALIS) Pseudomonas
catalase neg.) except. Pleisomonas and
• Haemophilus francisella) Fluorescens (growth at
CITRATE UTILIZATION= + (E. AEROGENES) growth on medium green to • Plesiomonas 35C)
blue color Oxidizers: Plesiomonas, Burkholderia Oxidizers: Stenotrophomonas,
Acinetobacter LAP TEST
MICRODASE TEST= + (M. LUTEUS, oxidase pos.); blue to purple blue POSITIVE= + (E.FAECALIS)
COAGULASE TEST: Differentiates Staphylococcus aureus (+) from DEVELOPMENT OF RED
color. Differentiates gram positive, catalase-positive cocci (micrococci COLOR WITHIN 1 MN.
from staphylococci) coagulase (-) staphylococci (-)
STAPHYLOCOCCI (-) S. EPIDERMIDIS, S. SAPHROPHYTICUS
MUG TEST= + (E.COLI); electric blue flourescence
S. AUREUS Bound Coagulase or clumping factor- detected by slide test within 10
FLAGELLA STAIN:
GROWTH IN AGAR seconds. WET MOUNT
BACITRACIN SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST= + (S. PYOGENES , M. LUTEUS) ZONE OF Free coagulase- detected by tube test within 4hrs of incubation.
INHIBITION GREATER THAN 10MM; Differentiates Beta-hemolytic group A PERITRICHOUS: E.COLI
streptococci from other Beta- hemolytic streptococci. ➢ SLIDE METHOD = + (MACROSCOPIC CLUMPING IN 10 POLAR: P.
Distinguish staphylococci (resistant) from micrococci (susceptible) SECONDS)
• Taxo A (Bacitracin 0.04 units) AERUGINOSA
➢ TUBE TEST= + (S. AUREUS); CLOT OF ANY SIZE (RIGHT)
NEGATIVE:
BILE ESCULIN TEST= + (E. FAECALIS) GROWTH AND BLACKENING OF THE AGAR
SLANT; Differentiates enterococci and group D streptococci from non-group D MICRODASE TEST= + (M. LUTEUS); DEVELOPMENT OF BLUE TO K.PNEMONIAE
viridans streptococci. PURPLE-BLUE COLOR, Differentiates gram positive, catalase positive
cocci (micrococci from staphylococci)
BILE SOLUBILITY TEST= + (S.PNEUMONIAE); COLONY DISINTEGRATES IMPRINT
OF THE LYSED COLONY. Differentiates streptococcus pneumoniae (positive- OXIDASE TEST= + (DEVELOPMENT OF DARK PURPLE COLOR WITHIN 10MNS.)
soluble) from alpha-hemolytic streptococci (negative-insoluble).
Quality control:
Positive: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
CAMP TEST= + (S. AGALACTIAE, L. MONOCYTOGENES); ARROWHEAD-SHAPED
Negative: E.coli
ZONE OF BETA-HEMOLYSIS. Differentiates group B streptococci (streptococcus
agalactiae-positive) from other streptococci L. monocytogenes PYR TEST= + ( BRIGHT RED COLOR WITHIN 5MNS.); identify grp A
streptococci ( Streptococcus pyogenes) and Enterococci via
DNA HYDROLYSIS= + (S. AUREUS, SERRATIA, MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS);
METHYL GREEN IS RELEASED AND COMBINED WITH DNA AT PH 7.5 TURNING pyrrolidony arylamidasae
THE MEDUIM COLORLESS
Quality control:
Positive: Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus pyogenes Negative:
Streptococcus agalactiae
 GROWTH IN AGAR- ANTIBIOTIC LITMUS MILK
OPTOCHIN= + ( ZONE OF INHIBITION ATLEAST 14MM IN Quality control:
DIAMETER, WITH 6-MM DISK); Optochin lyses pneumococci
(positive test), but alpha-streptococci are resistant (negative test). Fermentation (litmus milk turns pink): C. perfringens, gas
production
Quality control:
Positive: streptococcus pneumoniae Acid (clot formation in milk): L. acidophilus
Negative: streptococcus pyogenes
Peptonization (clearing in the milk): P, aeruginosa
X AND V FACTOR: differentiate Haemophilus spp. members of the
genus Haemophilus require accessory growth factors in vitro.
 GROWTH IN TUBE AGAR
CETRIMIDE AGAR= + (P. AERUGINOSA); GROWTH VARIATION IN INDOLE POSITIVE “ MAY PEKPEC Po?”
COLOR OF COLONIES - MORGANELLA
- PROTEUS VULGARIS
ESCULIN HYDROLYSIS= + (E. FAECALIS); BLACKENED MEDUIM (+), - E.COLI
LOSS OF FLUORESCENCE UNDER THE WOOD’S LAMP - KLEBSIELLA OXYTOCA
- PROVIDENCIA
FERMENTATION MEDIA (PEPTONE WITH ANDRADE)= + (E. COLI - EDWARDSIELLA TARDA
- CITROBACTER KOSERI
positive with gas), (S. FLEXNERI positive with no gas); INDICATOR
- PLESIOMONAS
CHANGE TO PINK WITH OR WITHOUT GAS. Ability to ferment
carbohydrates
MRS BROTH: determines whether organisms forms GAS during
glucose fermentation; GROWTH IS CONSIDERED POSITIVE
FERMENTATION MEDIA (BHI WITH BROMCRESOL)= + (E. COLI
POSITIVE WITH GAS) YELLOW COLOR; Differentiate enterococci from
Quality control: + ( lactobacillus lactis), - (e. coli)
streptococci
POSITIVE WITH GAS POSITIVE WITHOUT GAS
GELATIN HYDROLYSIS= + (B. SUBTILIS) PARTIAL OR TOTAL
LIQUEFACTION WITHIN 14 DAYS; Identification of various organisms LEUCONOSTOC SP. LACTOBACILLUS SPP. ( no gas
production)
including staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae and some gram- positive
bacilli
MR-VP BROTH (IMVIC TEST FOR ENTEROBAC)
HIPPURATE TEST= + (S. AGALACTIAE) DEEP PURPLE COLOR
Methyl red: detects mixed acid fermentation lowers pH of the broth
INDOLE PRODUCTION= + (PINK TO WINE COLORED RING) VP: detects organisms ability to convert acid to acetoin and 2,3-
butanediol
POSITIVE NEGATIVE
Methyl red test Voges- Proskauer test
KOVAC’S METHOD E. COLI K. PNEUMONIAE
EHRLICH’S METHOD H. INFLUENZAE H. PARAINFLUENZAE Positive: Bright red color Positive: red color
EHRLICH’S METHOD PORPHYROMONAS BACTERIODES
(ANAEROBIC) ASACCHAROLYTICA FRAGILIS Weakly positive: Red-orange color
Negative: yellow color
Negative: yellow color
MOTILITY TESTING: SEMISOLID AGAR DEEP= + (E.COLI) MOTILE VP POSITIVE (+) “ KESH”
ORGANISMS WILL SPREAD OUT INTO MEDUIM FROM SITE OF
- KLEBSIELLA
INNOCULATION; Determines whether enteric organism is motile (must - ENTEROBACTER
have flagella to be motile) - SERRATIA
- HAFNIA
 GROWTH IN TUBE AGAR
QUALITY CONTROL: LATE LACTOSE FERMENTERS “CHYSSS”
MR POSITIVE, VP NEGATIVE: E.COLI - CITROBACTER
MR NEGATIVE, VP POSITIVE: ENTEROBACTER AEROGENES - HAFNIA
- YERSINIA
MUG TEST= + (ELECTRIC BLUE FLOURESCENCE); Identify various - SALMONELLA ARIZONAE
genera of Enterobacteriaceae and verotoxin-producing E.coli - SHIGELLA SONNEI
- SERRATIA
Quality control:
Positive: E.coli
Negative: klebsiella pneumoniae DECARBOXYLASE TEST (MOELLER’S METHOD): Differentiates
decarboxylase producing Enterobacteriaceae from other gram
NITRATE REDUCTION TEST: ability of an organism to reduce nitrate to negative rods.
nitrite
- Rgt: sulfanilic acid and alpha-naphthylamine POSITIVE ( ALKALINE PURPLE) NEGATIVE ( NO CHANGE OR YELLOW)

Quality control: LYSINE: K. PNEUMONIAE LYSINE: E.CLOACAE

Positive: NO3 + no gas production: E. coli
Positive: NO3 + gas: pseudomonas aeruginosa ORNITHINE: E. AEROGENES ORNITHINE: K. PNEUMONIAE
Negative: Acinetobacter baumanii
ARGININE: E. CLOACAE ARGININE: K. PNEUMONIAE

NITRITE REDUCTION= + ( NO COLOR CHANGE TO RED, 2 MINUTES

AFTER THE ADDITION OF REAGENTS; GAS PRODUCTION IN DURHAM PHENYLALANINE DEAMINASE TEST= + (GREEN COLOR DEVELOPS ON
TUBE); organism reduce nitrites to gaseous nitrogen SLANT AFTER FERRIC CHLORIDE IS ADDED); 10% Ferric chloride (rgt.)
Quality control: Identify “PPM” organisms
Positive: proteus-mirabilis (colorless), gas production -PROTEUS
Negative: Acinetobacter baumannii (red); no gas production -PROVIDENCIA
-MIRABILIS
ONPG= + (S. SONNEI) YELLOW COLOR PRESENCE OF B-
GALACTOSIDASE; distinguishes late lactose fermenters Quality control:
Positive: proteus mirabilis
Negative: E.coli
 GROWTH IN TUBE AGAR
PYRUVATE BROTH= + ( INDICATOR CHANGES FROM GREEN TO
YELLOW); differentiates E. faecalis (positive) from E. faecium
(negative)

Indicator: bromothymol blue

Quality control:
Positive: E. faecalis
Negative: Streptococcus bovis

SALT TOLERANCE TEST= + (TURBIDITY WITH OR WITHOUT COLOR

CHANGE FROM PURPLE TO YELLOW); differentiate enterococci
(positive) from non-enterococci (negative)

Quality control:
Positive: E.faecalis
Negative: Strep. Bovis

UREA HYDROLYSIS CHRISTENSEN’S METHOD= + ( CHANGE IN COLOR

FROM LIGHT ORANGE TO MAGENTA); ammonia alkalinizes the
medium ph shift from phenol red to light orange at ph 6.8 to magenta
pink at ph 8.1

Quality control:
Positive: proteus vulgaris
Weak positive: klebsiella pneumoniae
Negative: E.coli