Updated on June 11, 2024

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

I Semester
Lec Tut SS Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits
Course No. Course Title
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System (AL/3)
BIO 101 Biology I: Biomolecules 2 1 5 0 0 8 3 O to F 3
BIO 103 General Biology Laboratory 0 0 1 3 0 4 3 O to F 1

II Semester
Lec Tut SS Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits
Course No. Course Title
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System (AL/3)
BIO 102 Biology II: Fundamentals of Cell 2 1 5 0 0 8 3 O to F 3
Biology
III Semester
Biological Sciences
Course Lec Tut SS Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits
Course Title
No. Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System (AL/3)
BIO201 Biology III: Fundamentals of Molecular 3 1 4.5 0 0 8.5 4 O to F 3
Biology
BIO203 Biology V: Diversity of Life I 3 1 4.5 0 0 8.5 4 O to F 3
BIO205 Biology Laboratory I 0 0 1 3 0 4 3 O to F 1

IV Semester
Course Lec Tut SS Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits
Course Title
No. Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System (AL/3)
Biological Sciences
BIO202 Biology IV: Basic Genetics 3 1 4.5 0 0 8.5 4 O to F 3
BIO204 Biology VI: Diversity of Life II 3 1 4.5 0 0 8.5 4 O to F 3
BIO206 Biology Laboratory II 0 0 1 3 0 4 3 O to F 1
V Semester
Course No. Course Title Lec Tut SS Hr Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System
BIO 301/601 Cell Biology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 303/603 Biochemistry 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 305/605 Plant Physiology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 307 Biology Laboratory III 0 0 2 6 0 8 6 O to F 3
BIO***/*** Departmental Elective I 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
*** *** Open Elective I 3 0 4.5/7.5 0 0 7.5/10.5 3 O to F 3/4
Total Credits 15 0 36.5/39.5 6 2 59.5/62.5 23 22/23

VI Semester
Course No. Course Title Lec Tut SS Hr Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System
BIO 310/610 Animal Physiology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 304/604 Molecular Biology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 306/606 Immunology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 308 Biology Laboratory IV 0 0 2 6 0 8 6 O to F 3
BIO***/*** Departmental Elective II 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
*** *** Open Elective II 3 0 4.5/7.5 0 0 7.5/10.5 3 O to F 3/4
Total Credits 15 0 36.5/39.5 6 2 59.5/62.5 23 22/23
VII Semester
Course No. Course Title Lec Tut SS Hr Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System
BIO 405/625 Developmental Biology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 418/638 Biophysics and Structural 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
Biology
BIO***/*** Departmental Elective III 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO***/*** Departmental Elective IV 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
*** *** Open Elective III 3 0 4.5/7.5 0 0 7.5/10.5 3 O to F 3/4
Total Credits 8 0 42/45 0 2.5 62.5/65.5 20.5 23/24

VIII Semester
Course No. Course Title Lec Tut SS Hr Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System
BIO 402/622 Bioinformatics 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 406/626 Evolutionary Ecology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO***/*** Departmental Elective V 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO***/*** Departmental Elective VI 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
*** *** Open Elective VII 3 0 4.5/7.5 0 0 7.5/10.5 3 O to F 3/4
Total Credits 18 0 42/45 0 2.5 62.5/65.5 20.5 23/24
IX Semester
Course No. Course Title Lec Tut SS Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System
BIO 501 MS Thesis - - - - - 45 - O to F 18
HSS 503* Law Relating to Intellectual Property and 1 0 2.5 0 0 3.5 1 S/X 1
Patents*
Total Credits 1 0 2.5 0 0 48.5 1 - 19

X Semester
Course No. Course Title Lec Tut SS Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System
BIO 501 MS Thesis - - - - - 45 - O to F 18
Total Credits - - - - - 45 - - 18
* Students can credit this course anytime during their BS-MS study, as and when offered.
Elective courses

Course No. Course Title Lec Tut SS Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits

Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System
BIO 309/609 Microbiology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 310/610 Animal Physiology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 311/611 Cell Signaling and Stress Biology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 312/612 Recombinant DNA Technology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 313/613 Virology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 314/614 Plant Development and Biotechnology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 315/615 Medical Microbiology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 401/621 Infectious Disease Biology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 404/624 Neurobiology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 407/627 Biostatistics 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 408/628 Bioinstrumentation 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 410/630 Epigenetics 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 411/631 Advances in Microbiology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 412/632 Cancer Biology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 414/634 Behavioral Biology 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 417/637 Advances in Omics 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 420/640 Molecular Therapy 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 424/644 Drug Development and Mechanism of 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
BIO 419 Drug Action
Bioentrepreneurship 3 0 4.5 0 0 7.5 2 O to F 2
BIO 422 Biomolecular Metabolism \ 3 0 7.5 0 0.5 11 3.5 O to F 4
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

BIO 101: Biology I: Biomolecules (3)

Course Contents
Elemental Composition of Biomolecules; Properties of Water, hydrogen bonding
and its biochemical properties; Concept of pH, pKa and buffers; Basic structure
and function of Biological Macromolecules: Amino acids, Nucleotides and
Monosaccharides, fatty acids (building blocks) Proteins, enzymes Nucleic Acids,
Carbohydrates and Lipids (polymers); Origin of Life- Spontaneous generation;
Pasteur and Miller experiments; An Introduction to cell and cell organelles.

Suggested Readings

1. Principles of Biochemistry: Lehninger, Nelson and Cox; W.H. Freeman;

5th edition; 2008.
2. Molecular Biology of the Cell: Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian
Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter; New York: Garland
Science; 5th edition; 2008
3. NCERT basic Biology books

BIO 102: Biology II: Fundamentals of Cell Biology (3)

Course Contents
Cell Theory, Cell- the building blocks of life, structural components of cells and
their function, Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell - Structure and function
(Overview, Cell Wall, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm and components therein,
Cytoskeleton and cell motility). Structure and functions of cell organelles:
Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, Golgi, ER and lysosomes; Cell division; Approaches
to study cellular processes-microscopy, biochemical and biophysical assays with
specific examples, Cell Division.

Suggested Readings

1. Molecular Biology of the Cell: Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian

Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter; New York: Garland
Science; 5th edition ;2008
 2. Essential Microbiology: Stuart Hogg; John Wiley & Sons; 2005

3. NCERT basic biology books

BIO 103: General Biology Laboratory (1)

Course Contents
● Introduction to lab instruments and general lab practices

● Buffer preparation - amino acid titration (Glycine)

● Carbohydrate estimation (Molisch test, Iodine test, Barfoed test, Benedict

and Osazone test)

● Quantitative Carbohydrate estimation by DNSA.

● Quantitative amino acid estimation by Ninhydrin method.

● Protein estimation – Bradford’s method

● Saponification and use of detergents

● Cholesterol estimation by Salkowsky test.

● Osmosis

BIO 201: Biology III: Fundamentals of Molecular Biology (3)

Course Contents
Concept of central dogma of life and variations; Macromolecules and their
organizations- DNA, RNA, Protein- Structure, conformation and organization;
ploidy, Chromatin structure and nucleosomes; Genes and genome organization; c
value paradox, repeats and polymorphism, Plasmids and extra-chromosomal
DNA, Transposons; Gene regulation; DNA replication in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes; Mechanism of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes;
Translation: Genetic code, and its degeneracy, regulation of translation process;
Concept of RNA world; RNA replication and processing: capping,
polyadenylation; Introduction to gene silencing, epigenetics.
Suggested Readings

1. Genes – Benjamin Lewin; Jones & Bartlett Learning; 10th edition; 2009.
2. Molecular biology of the gene: James D. Watson, Tania A. Baker, Stephen
P. Bell, Alexander Gann, Michael Levine, Richard Losick; Benjamin
Cummings; 6th edition; 2007.
3. Molecular Biology of the Cell: Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian
Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter; New York: Garland
Science; 5th edition; 2008.

BIO 202: Biology IV: Basic Genetics (3)

Course Contents
Principles of inheritance; Concept of gene- allele, multiple alleles, pseudoallele;
Mendelian principles - Dominance; Segregation; Independent assortment;
Codominance, Incomplete dominance; Non Mendelian inheritance- cytoplasmic
inheritance, Maternal effect, Epistasis, Pleiotropy. Introduction to linkage and
crossing over. Overview of different mutations: Lethal, conditional, biochemical,
loss of function, gain of function, germinal and somatic mutants, insertional
mutagenesis; Structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes: Deletion,
duplication, inversion, translocation and ploidy; Chromosomal theory of
inheritance, Sex linked inheritance, pedigree analysis, Microbial genetics:
Methods of genetic transfers- transformation, conjugation and transduction; Cell
division-Mitosis and meiosis, Behavioral and population genetics, and
environmental effects. Human genetics (blood group, genetic diseases),
probability.

Suggested Readings

1. Genetic Analysis and Principles: Robert Brooker; McGraw-Hill

Science/Engineering/Math; 4th edition; 2011.Genetics- From genes to
genomes: Leland Hartwell, Leroy Hood, Michael Goldberg, and Ann
Reynolds; McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math; 4th edition; 2010
BIO203: Biology V: Diversity of Life I (3)

Course Contents
Why study diversity- application in medicine, agriculture, conservation, etc.;
What causes diversity?; Living vs non-living, status of viruses; Origin of life on
earth; Spontaneous generation of life- concept and criticism, Evolutionary
theories (Natural Selection, neutral theory), Introduction to the Five kingdom
classification, Building up organisms- Unicellular, colonies and multicellular
organizations, origin of multicellularity, Structural organization and life cycles of
different groups of organisms, Eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista (using
representative organisms-amoeba, paramecium, plasmodium, euglena, diatoms,
etc). Diversity in morphology, cellular organization, ecological adaptations and
metabolism; pathogenic and non-pathogenic protists; Introduction to fungi and
processes unique to fungi. Introduction to various phyla within fungi, Introduction
to Lichens, algae.

Suggested Readings

1. NCERT, XI and XII

2. Biology, Campbell et al, 8th edition, Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2009.
3. Biology, Raven et al, 6th edition, Mc-Graw Hill, 2011.
4. Biology, Concepts and applications, Starr et al, 9th edition, Cengage
learning, 2015.

BIO 204: Biology VI: Diversity of Life II (3)

Course Contents
Diversity of life forms in higher plants and animals- levels of structural
organization, habitat, nutrition, survival strategies, reproduction, behavior etc;
plants tissues, anatomy of flowers, (bryophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms etc);
animals- symmetry, body cavities, tissues. Diversity in life processes (comparison
between different groups of organisms)-reproduction, nutrition, vision, movement
and locomotion, communication/signaling/response to stimuli, relationship
between organisms (parasitism, mutualism, symbiosis etc); Homeostasis-
temperature regulation, hibernation, aestivation. How to study diverse life forms-
need and approach to group/classify organisms; Taxonomic categories- kingdom
to species; Introduction to Systems of classification. Major characteristics used in
taxonomy- classical (morphological, ecological, physiological, biochemical,
genetics), molecular (comparison of proteins, RNA, DNA), Phylogenetic trees,
systems of classification, Species concept, Molecular basis of diversity, effect of
genes, gene expression and environment.

Suggested Readings

1. NCERT, XI and XII

2. Biology, Campbell et al, 8th edition, Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2009.
3. Biology, Raven et al, 6th edition, Mc-Graw Hill, 2011.4. Biology,
Concepts and applications, Starr et al, 9th edition, Cengage learning, 2015.

BIO 205: Biology Laboratory I (1)

Course Contents

• Slides and specimens (bacterial, protozoans and higher organisms)

• Media Preparation and sterilization/Bacterial pure culture isolation

• Bacterial growth curve and Gram staining

• Bacterial motility/Cancer cells motility

• Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

• DNA isolation from bacteria and plant

• RNA isolation

• Plasmid isolation

• Competent cell preparation and transformation

• SDS page Demo

BIO 206: Biology Laboratory II (1)

Course Contents
• Slides of Anatomical features of Plants and Animals

• Nutrition diversity (growth of Auxotroph, Prototroph) in yeast..

• Onion root tip – mitosis, Meiosis slides observation

• Understand the concept of dominant/recessive using Yeast strains

• Beta-galactosidase based mutation analysis assay

• RFLP analysis for genetic disease

• Conjugation

• Transduction

• Chromosome preparation

BIO 301/601: Cell Biology (4)

Course Contents
Approaches to study cell structure and functions. Microscopy; (Bright field and
dark field microscopy; Fluorescence microscopy; Confocal microscopy; Electron
microscopy) Membrane and vesicular transport; Membrane based ion channels,
lipid rafts; Regulation of cell cycle, cell division and consequences; Study of cell
nucleus and chromosomal DNA; nucleocytoplasmic transport, Cellular
cytoskeleton: Microtubules, Intermediate filaments, actin filaments and
microtubule associated proteins (MAPs); Molecular motors and cytoskeletal
proteins; Movement of proteins into membranes and organelles; Vesicular
trafficking; Secretion, endocytosis and exocytosis; Integrating cells into tissues
(animals and plants); Cell-Cell junctions; Cell-ECM junctions, Plasmodesmata;
Suggested Readings

1. Molecular Biology of the Cell: Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian

Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walte; 5th edition New York:
Garland Science; 2008.
 2. Essential Cell biology: Bruce Alberts; Garland Science; 3rd edition; 2009.
3. Cell and Molecular Biology-Concepts and Experiments; Gerald Karp.
John Wiley; 6th edition; 2008.
4. Cell biology by Pollard and Earnshaw

BIO 303/603: Biochemistry (4)

Course Contents
Bioenergetics, Biological oxidation reduction reactions, ATP and its role in
various metabolic processes; An introduction to enzymes: Mechanism of enzyme
action, introduction to enzyme kinetics, Km, Vmax and Kcat calculation,
Biological interaction (protein-ligand interaction) Enzyme inhibition (Competitive
and non-competitive), co-enzymes and cofactors-NAD, FAD, Vitamins, IC50,
Allostery, cooperativity, Hill’s coefficient; Metabolic pathways; Glycolysis,
Fermentation, pentose phosphate pathway and their regulations; TCA/Kreb’s
cycle and its regulation: anaerobic respiration, Production of Acetyl-CoA,
reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle Glyoxylate pathway, mitochondrial electron
transport chain and Chemo-osmotic theory,

Suggested Readings

1. Principles of Biochemistry: Lehninger, Nelson and Cox; W.H. Freeman;

5th edition; 2008.
2. Biochemistry: Lubert Stryer; W. H. Freeman; 7th Edition; 2010.
3. Biochemistry by Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet; Wiley; 4th edition; 2010.
4. The Biophysical Chemistry of Nucleic Acids and Proteins: Thomas E.
Creighton; Helvetian Press; 2010.

BIO 304/604: Molecular Biology (4)

Course Contents
DNA replication: Unit of replication, Enzymes involved, origin of replication and
replication fork, Fidelity of replication, extrachromosomal replicons; DNA
damage and repair- mechanisms, homologous and site-specific recombination;
RNA Synthesis: transcription factors and machinery; initiation complex
formation, activators and repressors of transcription, RNA polymerases, capping,
elongation, and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing, splicing, and
polyadenylation, different types RNA: structure and functions, RNA transport;
Protein synthesis: Ribosome, formation of initiation complex and regulation of
initiation factors, elongation and elongation factors, termination, concept of
genetic code, translation: aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity, aminoacyl
tRNA synthetase, and proof-reading, inhibitors of translation, post- translational
modification of proteins; Regulation of gene expression: Gene expression control
at transcription and translational level; Chromatin and gene expression; Gene
silencing. siRNA and microRNA

Suggested Readings

1. Genes – Benjamin Lewin; Jones & Bartlett Learning, 10th edition; 2009.
2. Molecular biology of the gene: James D. Watson, Tania A. Baker, Stephen
P. Bell, Alexander Gann, Michael Levine, Richard Losick; Benjamin
Cummings; 6th edition; 2007
3. Molecular Biology of the Cell: Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian
Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter; New York: Garland
Science; 5th edition; 2008.
4. The Biophysical Chemistry of Nucleic Acids and Proteins: Thomas E.
Creighton; Helvetian Press; 2010.
5. Introduction to Protein Structure: Carl Branden and John Tooze; Garland
Science; 2nd edition; 1999.
6. Latest/classic research articles and reviews relevant to various topics.

BIO 305/605: Plant Physiology (4)

Course Contents
Introduction to plants. Origin and evolution of plants. Genome organization of
plants. Plant cells (structure, function, growth), Plant Water Relations. Mineral
Nutrition (emphasis on nitrogen and phosphate nutrition. Transport in plants,
Photosynthesis (Photorespiration, Light and Dark Reaction, C3, C4 and CAM
pathways), Plant growth and development (embryonic, root, shoot, leaf and
flower development), Light regulated development (Photoreceptors-
Phytochromes, Cryptochromes, Phototropins, UVR8, light signaling- COP1,
HY5, PIFs and other major regulators ), Phytohormones (Auxin, GA, Cytokinin,
ABA, Ethylene, Brassinosteroids, Strigolactones) (Synthesis, transport, signaling,
developmental regulation and commercial uses of hormones). Flowering
(Regulation of flowering in plants, vernalization).
Suggested Readings

1. Plant Physiology by Lincoln Taiz and Eduardo Zeiger; Sinauer Associates

Inc. 5th edition. 2010
2. Plant Biology by Alison M. Smith et al.
3. Mechanisms in Plant Development by Leyser and Day.
4. The Molecular Life of Plants by Russell L. Jones et al.
5. Raven Biology of Plants, 8th Edition

BIO 306/606: Immunology (4)

Course Contents
Introduction to Immune System: organs, cells and molecules; Mechanisms of
barrier to entry of microbes into human body. Natural and adaptive immune
responses; Differentiation of stem cells to different cellular elements in blood,
role of cytokines; Introduction to inflammatory reaction, Chemokines, migration
of neutrophils to the site of infection, phagocytosis and microbicidal mechanisms.
Interferons and viral infections, Parasitic infections and role of Eosinophils
Asthma. Basophils, IgE receptor, immediate hypersensitivity; Innate receptors
(TLR, RLRs and NLRs) and sensing of PAMPs. Signal transduction.
Opsonization, Fc Receptors, classification. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
Complements structure and function. Classical and alternative pathways;
Antibody structure and function. Concept of Histocompatibility. Genetic
organization of H2 and HLA complexes. Class I and class II MHC molecules,
structure and function; T cell receptors, APC-T cell interaction T cell activation,
Super antigens; Natural Killer Cells, ADCC, Hybrid resistance, NK cell receptors
and NK gene complex, inverse correlation with target MHC expression, missing
self-hypothesis; Classification of immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin domains,
concept of variability, crosses reactivity. Isotypes, allotypes and Idiotypic
markers.

Suggested Readings

1. Essential Immunology: Peter J. Delves, Seamus J. Martin, Dennis R.

Burton, Ivan M. Roitt; Wiley-Blackwell; 12th edition; 2011.
 2. Immunobiology: The immune system in health and disease by Charles
Janeway, Paul Travers, Mark Walport, Mark Shlomchik; Garland Science;
5th edition; 2001.
3. Kuby Immunology; W. H. Freeman & Company; 6th edition; 2006.

BIO 307: Biology Laboratory III (3)

Course Contents
• Hypocotyl growth and bending experiment,

• Fractionation of cell organelles

• Protoplast preparation/ visualization of stomata

• TLC analysis of Plant pigments

• Enzyme kinetics (with or without inhibition) for alkaline phosphatase.

• Detection of proteins by CBBR and silver staining

• Size exclusion chromatography for analysis of proteins

• Pure culture isolation, Growth curve

• Antibiotic sensitivity

BIO 308: Biology Laboratory IV (3)

Course Contents
• Immunodiffusion

• Estimation of Antibody by ELISA.

• Analyzing the components of blood.

• Introduction to animal cell culture

• Visualization Histology Slides, tissue specimen

 • PCR, R estriction digestion, cloning, Blue white selection, screening

• Protein expression screening in BL21 strains and one-step purification

from whole cell lysates.

BIO 309/609: Microbiology (4)

Course Contents
The Scope of microbiology, History of microbiology, Different types of
microbes- Algae, Protozoa, Fungi, Viruses, Bacteria, Characterization,
classification and identification, Pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes,
Morphology and fine structure of bacteria, Gram (+)ve and Gram (–)ve bacteria,
Cultivation of bacteria and the unculturable ones, Microbes with unusual
properties, reproduction and growth, energy production and utilization, microbial
motility, pathogenesis and defense mechanisms, control of microbes, antibiotics,
environmental microbiology- soil, ocean, skin, gut, food etc., Industrial
microbiology, Introduction to microbial genomics and sequencing

Suggested Readings

1. Microbiology 5E by Michael PelCzar, et al.

2. General Microbiology by Roger Yate Stanier, et al.

BIO 310/610: Animal Physiology (4)

Course Contents
Principles of physiology: relationship between structure and function, Adaptation,
Homeostasis, Feed-back control systems and regulation; Tissue system and their
functions: Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, muscular tissue and nervous tissue;
Integumentary system, Thermoregulation; Muscular and skeletal system, Nervous
system: Neurons, Glial cells, nerve conduction and gross anatomy of the spinal cord
and brain; Special sense organs; Endocrine system: Hormones and their
physiological effects; Cardiovascular system: anatomy of heart, cardiac cycle,
regulation of cardiac output; Respiratory system: transport of gases in blood,
Factors affecting hemoglobin binding of oxygen; Excretory system: Filtration,
obligatory and facultative exchanges of ions and water, Digestive system: Oral
cavity, Liver, Pancreas and Intestine.
Suggested Readings

1. Introduction to Animal Physiology: Ian Kay; Bios Scientific Publishers;

1999
2. Animal Physiology: Hill, Wyse and Anderson; Sinauer Associates, Inc;
3rd 2012.
3. Animal Physiology by Randall Burggren & French; W. H. Freeman; 5th
edition; 2001.
4. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology: Tortora and Derrickson; John
Wiley and Sons; 13th edition, 2012.
5. Text book of Medical physiology: Guyton and Hall; Saunders; 12th
edition; 2011.

BIO 311/611: Cell Signaling and Stress Biology (4)

Course Contents

Signaling: why and how; components of signaling. Types of stimulus/ligand, Post-

translational modification and regulation on signaling, Signal amplifiers,
GTPAses/G-proteins, second messengers various molecular pathways for signaling.
Receptors: Types and associated activity. Two-component system; Bacterial and
Plant perspective. Receptor serine/threonine kinase signaling in organisms.
Receptor tyrosine kinase: its abundance in animal kingdom. G-protein coupled
receptors and associated signaling pathways.

Introduction to stress signaling, Types of stress, Cellular stress pathways, Stress

proteins and their functions, molecular chaperones, mechanism of stress perception,
tolerance, and avoidance. Regulation of protein homeostasis during stress, HSR and
UPR, ER stress, Genetic engineering for stress tolerance. Psychological stress and
its consequences in mammals with special emphasis on humans.

Suggested Readings

1. Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts; 5th edition

2. Signal transduction: Pathways, Mechanisms and diseases by Ari
Sitaramayya
3. Recent and Classical research and review articles
BIO 312/612: Recombinant DNA Technology (4)

Course Contents
Basic principles of gene cloning, Polymerase chain reaction – Theory
and applications: Nested, Inverse, Asymmetric, Hot start,
touchdown etc. Troubleshooting. RT-PCR, Site-directed mutagenesis and
random mutagenesis. Vectors for gene cloning – features, applications.
Methods of molecular cloning: strategy design and screening. Usage of
restriction enzymes; ligation independent cloning. Construction of DNA
libraries and library screening; Reporter gene technology. Gene knockout in
bacteria – methods and applications. Bacterial and yeast two hybrid systems –
theory and applications. Preparation of biomolecules – isolation and
purification. DNA sequencing – capillary based and next gen sequencing. 2-
dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI based protein identification.

Suggested Readings

1. Sambrook and Russell: Molecular Cloning.

2. T. A. Brown: Gene cloning and DNA analysis

3. Glick, Pasternak and Patten: Molecular Biotechnology

BIO 313/613: Virology (4)

Course Contents

Overview and history; Classification of viruses; Virion components and structure;

Viral entry: Viral proteins and host cell surface receptors involved; Mechanisms
of viral entry; Viral replication; Viral maturation and release; Pathogenic viruses :
Respiratory viruses; Gastroenteritis causing viruses; Hepatitis viruses;
Herpesviruses; Haemorrhagic fever causing viruses; Enteroviruses; Congenital
viral infections; Retroviruses; Arboviruses and Viral zoonoses; Oncogenic
viruses; Viruses implicated in exanthematous diseases.; Agents of viral
encephalitis; Emerging and re-emerging viral infections (In each of the above
groups, to discuss briefly on the following:

(i) viruses included

(ii) epidemiology
(iii) viral pathogenicity); Immunology of viral infections; Strategies for control of
viral infections: Antiviral agents; Active and passive immunoprophylaxis;
General laboratory methods for diagnosis of viral infections; Case studies from
literature, evolving and emerging areas of interest; Viruses as gene delivery
vehicles.

Suggested Readings

1. Field's Virology: David M. Knipe, Peter M. Howley, Diane E. Griffin,

Robert A. Lamb, Malcolm A. Martin, Bernard Roizman, Stephen E.
Straus; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 5th edition; 2007.
2. Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology: Geo. F. Brooks,
Karen C. Carroll, Janet S. Butel, Stephen A. Morse, Timothy A. Mietzner;
McGraw-Hill Medical; 25th edition; 2010.
3. Virus: Biology-Applications-Control- David R. Harper

BIO 314/614: Plant Development and Biotechnology (4)

Course Contents
The move of plants to land from water, evolution of plants. Land plants as
monophyletic group. Plant cell structure, growth and function. Characteristics of
plant development. Embryonic development in plants. Early post embryonic
development in plants. Formation of axes in plants: longitudinal, radial, abaxial-
adaxial. Pattrn formation in plants: importance of position. Light regulated
development and signal transduction mechanisms. Hormone signaling. Biotic
interactions. Plant Epigenetics. Applications in the field of plant biotechnology.

Suggested Readings

1. Mechanisms in Plant Development by Leyser and Day'

2. plant physiotogy by Lincoln taiz and'Eduaroo Zeigeri SinauerAssociates
lnc. 5th edition' 2010
3. Plant Biology by Alison M. Smith ef a/'
4. The Molecuiar Lite of Plants by Russell L' Jones et al'
5. Life by Sadava, 8th Edition
BIO 315/615: Medical Microbiology (4)

Course Contents
Introduction to medically important organisms, Sterilization, antiseptic and
disinfection, Biosafety and bioterrorism, Biosafety levels and risk groups,
Biosafety norms, Epidemiology of infectious diseases (Epidemics, Outbreaks,
Pandemics, Endemicity), historical aspects of containments and quarantine,
Clinically important Parasites and parasitism; Classification of clinically important
Parasites, Bacterial infections and their classification, Clinically important fungi
and their classification, Viruses (DNA and RNA), Drug susceptibility tests and
methods; Systemic microbiology, Infections of Brain, Infections of
Gastrointestinal tract, Bloodborne infections, Infections of skin and mucosal
layers, Waterborne infections, Airborne infections, HIV/AIDS and opportunistic
infections, Tuberculosis, the biggest killer disease, Congenital and perinatal
infections and antenatal diagnosis of infectious diseases, diagnostic methods of
infectious diseases, Basics of microscopy, Immune response to infections, Various
Immunoassays, Immunity and immune tolerance, Antigens antibodies and their
binding (affinity), Microarrays, whole genome sequencing, Vaccines (Prophylactic
and Therapeutic), Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance and their impact on
society, Microbiome, Zoonotic diseases, One health, Humane use of animals in
Biomedical Research, Global warming and other Environment.

Suggested Readings

1. Topley & Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial Infections (5

Volumes), John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
2. Roitt’s Essential Immunology. 13 th Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, 2017
3. https://www.who.int/health-topics

BIO 401/621: Biology of Infectious Disease (4)

Course Contents
Idiotypic network Immunoglobulin genes, Immunological techniques, Hybridoma
and monoclonal antibodies. VJ/VDJ rearrangements and genetic mechanisms
responsible for antibody diversity, affinity maturation, allelic exclusion; Class
switching, receptor and soluble forms of immunoglobulin; Th1 Th2 cells and
cytokines. Intercellular antigen presentation pathways, antigen presentation and
MHC restriction; T cell differentiation in thymus, aβ and gd T cells. Thymic
selection and tolerance to self. Cytotoxic T-cells.
Overview of Viral diseases: Generalized overview of viral infections with
emphasis on viral infections with global epidemiological burden including
Influenza, AIDS, congenital and arboviral infections. Brief discussion on
immunology of viral infections including role of innate, cell mediated and
humoral immunity in evasion and clearance of viral infections.

Bacterial infections: Generalized overview of viral infections with emphasis on

viral infections with global epidemiological burden including tuberculosis,
systemic and hospital acquired infections. Brief discussion on immunology of
bacterial infections including immune responses to intracellular and extracellular
bacteria and evasion on antagonistic mechanisms devised by bacteria to evade
such responses. Special note on the contribution of immune responses on bacterial
pathogenesis.

Parasitic diseases: Parasitic organisms come in many shapes and sizes,

Protozoan parasites account for huge worldwide disease burden with emphasis on
Malaria,

Fungal Diseases: Generalized overview of fungal infections with emphasis on

mycoses. Brief discussion on the role of innate immunity in control of fungal
infections.

Emerging and Re-emerging infectious diseases: diseases may re-emerge for

various reasons, Overview of some recently appearing fatal diseases. The SARS
and Ebola outbreak triggered a rapid international response.

Suggested Readings

1. Jawetx, Melnick & Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology, 25e

2. Infectious Diseases: pathogenesis, prevention and case studies. Authors:

Nandini Shetty, Julian W Tang, Julie Andrews (2009)
3. Kuby Immunology 7ed, 7th revised international edition; Authors Sharon
Stanford, judy Owen and Jenny Punt
4. Immunobiology, 6E: The immune system in health & disease 6th Editionp
Janeway C. A.
BIO 402/622: Bioinformatics (4)

Course Contents
Introduction to bioinformatics, overview, concepts, utility, scope, applications,
skills needed, sequences, biological data; Databases, web resources: NCBI-
Entrez, PubMed, GenBank, data organization and retrieval using FTP from NCBI,
DDBJ, UCSC, PDB, SwissProt, KEGG, and web resources; Sequence formats:
FASTA, GenBank, EMBL, PDB, XML, Medline, GCG, etc. Conversion from one
format to another, tools available for format interconversion; Sequence alignment
algorithm and tools: Introduction to sequence alignment, homology, similarity,
identity. Local and global alignments, multiple sequence alignments, insertions,
deletions, gaps, Needleman-Wunsch algorithm, Dot matrix method, dynamic
programming algorithm, scoring matrices- PAM and BLOSUM, Blast, Blat,
Clustalw, MAFFT, BLOCKS, etc.; Prediction of genes and annotation methods:
Concept of genes, challenges in gene prediction, ORFs, reading frames, codons
and codon bias, genetic code, commonly used gene prediction methods- ORF
finder, Glimmer, GeneMark, Metagene, etc. Annotation using homology-based
alignment using Blast or Blat, COGs and Gene ontology based functional
annotation; Phylogenetic analysis: concepts and terminologies, commonly used
phylogenetic methods such as PHYLIP, MEGA. Introduction to rRNA, taxonomy
and taxonomic classification. Maximum parsimony method, Distance methods,
Neighbor-joining methods; Protein classification and structure prediction:
Introduction to domains, motifs, fold, family, Helices, beta-sheets, loops, coils.
Primary, secondary and tertiary structure. Structure visualization tools such as
RasMol; Genome analysis: Introduction to genomes and packages for genomic
analysis such as EMBOSS; Introduction to Linux and Perl.

Suggested Readings

1. Bioinformatics- Sequence and Genome Analysis by David W. Mount;

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,U.S.; 2nd Revised edition edition;
2004.
2. Introduction to Computational Genomics by Nello Cristianini and
Matthew W. Hahn; Cambridge University Press; 2007.
BIO 404/624: Neurobiology (4)

Course Contents
Organization of the nervous system; Cytology of neurons- structural and
functional blue print of neurons, sensory and motor neurons; Ion-channels-
importance of ion channel in nerve physiology, characteristics of ion channels,
structure of ion channels, techniques used to study ion channels; Bioelectricity,
measurement of bioelectricity; Electrical properties of neurons; Membrane
potentials- resting membrane potential, Ionic basis of membrane potential;
Generation and propagation of action potential; Synaptic transmission- membrane
trafficking at nerve terminals, local machinery at nerve terminals for vesicle
recycling, genetics and cell biology of synaptic vesicle trafficking; modulation of
synaptic transmission; Neurotransmitters- properties, types and classification of
neurotransmitters and their synthesis neuromodulators; Synaptic plasticity and its
implication in learning and memory; Introduction to perception (with emphasis on
Pain, Visual and Odor perception).

Suggested Readings

1. Principle of neural science: Eric R. Kandel, James Schwartz, Thomas

Jessell, Steven Siegelbaum, A.J. Hudspeth; McGraw-Hill, 5th edition;
2012
2. From Neuron to Brain: Nicholls, Martin, Wallace and Fuchs; Sinauer
Associates; 4th edition; 2001.

BIO 405/625: Developmental Biology (4)

Course Contents
Meiosis, gametogenesis, fertilization and embryogenesis, morphogen gradients,
differentiation, asymmetric cell division, cell fate and lineage determination;
Developmental embryonic stages, zygotic division, incomplete division and
consequences; Ecto, meso and endodermal development, neural plate and neural
tube formation; Early asymmetric division and generation of symmetry in
developing embryo; organogenesis and morphogenesis, metamorphosis, animal
life cycle, role of apoptosis in organ development; Role of morphogens and their
gradient in axis patterning and determination. Concept of anterio-posterior, dorso-
ventral and medio-lateral axis formation; Model organisms like Drosophila, C.
elegans, Xenopus. Cellular differentiation and senescence; Stem cells and
pluripotency. iPS cells; Introduction to plant development; embryonic, meristems
and flower development.

Suggested Readings

1. Developmental Biology: Scott F. Gilbert; Sinauer Associates Inc.

2. Principles of Development – L. Wolpert (Oxford Univ. Pr.)
3. Essential Developmental Biology: J. Slack; Wiley Blackwell Scientific.
2nd edition; 2005.
4. Mechanisms in Plant Development by Leyser and Day

BIO 406/626: Evolutionary Ecology (4)

Course Contents
History of the theory of evolution, introduction to evolutionary biology; concepts
of experimental design; adaptive evolution, neutral evolution, types of selection,
sexual selection; evolution of genotype, phenotype, population ecology; concepts
of population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg principle, selection, drift, migration, life
history traits, r and K selection; trophic interactions: plant-pollinator, plant-
disperser, herbivory and predation, optimal foraging theory, parasitism,
competition, mutualism; island biogeography; ecological communities; community
change and succession: phenology and seasonality; ecosystem ecology (food
chain, food web, producers, consumers, decomposers, energy flow, ecological
efficiency, detritus vs. grazing food chain; conservation ecology. Introduction to
basic descriptive statistics and regression analysis, phylogenetics and molecular
ecology.

Suggested Readings

1. Ecology,Second Edition by Michael L. Cain, William D. Bowman, and

Sally D. Hacker, published by Sinauer Associates. 3rd edition. 2014.
 2. The Economy of Nature, Robert Ricklefs, Sixth Edition, 2008. Freeman,
W. H. & Company
3. Cotgreave, Peter and Irwin Forseth. Introductory Ecology. Oxford:
Blackwell Science Ltd, 2002.
4. Krebs, John R. and Nicholas B. Davies. An Introduction to Behavioral
Ecology, 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd, 1993.
5. Krebs, C. J. 2008. Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution
and Abundance (6th edition). Benjamin Cummings, Boston, MA.

BIO407/627: Biostatistics (4)

Course Contents
Role of statistical analysis in biology, an introduction, Introduction to R
programming language, using R to perform statistical analysis, Descriptive
statistics and data visualization (through graphs), Distributions (normal, binomial,
Poisson, Gaussian), Hypothesis and tests (null hypothesis, statistical significance,
type 1 and type 2 errors)

T tests, Goodness of fit (Chi-squared, Shapiro-Wilk test), Multiple testing, Anova,

Correlation and regression, Non-parametric statistics & models (Kolmogorov-
Smirnov test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, KNN's, support vector machines),
Resampling methods for estimation (Bootstrap and Jacknife), Introduction to

multivariate analysis, Principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling and

cluster analysis, Design and power analysis, Mini-project (material provided early
in the course)

Suggested Readings

1. Gerald Peter Quinn and Michael J. Keough (2002) Experimental Design

and Data Analysis for Biologists. Cambridge University Press
BIO 408/628: Bioinstrumentation (4)

Course Contents

Principles of UV/Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy,

with applications in understanding proteins; principle and application of analytical
ultracentrifugation; surface plasmon resonance; mass spectrometry (MALDI, ESI,
native mass spectrometry), XRD instrumentation; principles and application of
NMR; atomic force microscopy (AFM); optical tweezers; next generation
sequencing; realtime QPCR.

Prerequisites: Must have studied structural biology, biophysics, biochemistry,

cell biology and molecular biology.

Suggested Readings

1. Analytical ultracentrifugation for the study of protein association and

assembly, Geoffrey J Howlett, Allen P Minton, Germán RivasCurrent
Opinion in Chemical Biology Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2006, Pages
430–436
2. Analytical Ultracentrifugation: Sedimentation Velocity and Sedimentation
Equilibrium. James L. Cole, Jeffrey W. Lary, Thomas Moody, and
Thomas M. Laue
3. How to study proteins by circular dichroism Biochim. Biophys. Acta
(2005) 1751: 119
4. Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy by Lakowicz
5. Recent research articles for specific bioinstrumentation methods
BIO 410/630: Epigenetics (4)

Course Contents
Introduction to theme; Chromatin, Epigenetics and Transcription, DNA
methylation and demethylation, Histone modifications; Acetylation, Methylation,
Phosphorylation, Ubiquitinylation, Sumoylation, Poly-ADP Ribosylation:,
Heterochromatin; Histone variants; Nucleosome; Long non-coding RNA and
chromatin; Epigenetics and alternative splicing; Epigenetics and mammalian
development; Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins; Dosage compensation and
Genomic imprinting; Epigenetics and Human Diseases, Cancer

Suggested Readings

1. Lyle Armstrong, Epigenetics, Garland Science, ISBN:9780815365112

2. Thomas Jenuwein, Danny Reinberg, Marie-laure Caparros, C. David Allis,
Epigenetics 1st Edition Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Usa 2008,
ISBN-13 9780879698751
3. Bryan M Turner, Chromatin and gene regulation, John Wiley & Sons
(asia) Pte Ltd 2001, ISBN-13 9780865427433
4. Krishnarao Appasani, Epigenomics From Chromatin Biology to
Therapeutics, Cambridge University Press 2012, ISBN-13: 978-
1107003828
5. Robert A. Meyers, Epigenetic Regulation and Epigenomics, John Wiley &
Sons 2012, ISBN-13:978-3527326822

BIO 411/631: Advances in Microbiology (4)

Course Contents
Microbial genetics; Modes of DNA transfer in bacteria; Bacteriophage biology;
Phage display and lambda DNA library. Lytic and temperate phage;
Bacteriophage genetics and gene regulation; Microbial Adaptive Physiology -
Mechanism of drug resistance; Signal Transduction in bacteria; Quorum sensing
and Two component system; Stringent response in bacteria;

Suggested Readings

1. Microbiology by Prescott, Harley and Klein; McGraw-Hill

Science/Engineering/Math; 7th edition; 2007.
 2. Modern Microbial Genetics by Streips and Yasbin; Wiley-Liss; 2nd
edition; 2002.
3.
4. Bacterial and Bacteriophage Genetics: Edward Birge; Springer; 5th edition
(December 8, 2005).
5. E. coli and Salmonella Typhimurium- Vol 1-2: Cellular and Molecular
Biology by Neidhardt and Curtiss; American Society for Microbiology; 2
Volume Set edition. 1987.

BIO 412/632: Cancer Biology (4)

Course Contents
Aneuploidy, polyploidy and chromosomal translocations, consequential
uncontrolled growth and cancer; Nature of cancer; carcinogens, DNA damage and
mutagenesis; Inherited susceptibility to cancer; Genomic integrity and
development of cancer; Cancer cell cycle and tumor suppressor proteins, Cellular
Oncogenes, dysregulation of pathways in cancer; Growth factors and associated
signaling pathways in cancer; Tumor viruses and mechanisms of oncogenesis;
Tumor metastasis; Angiogenesis; Cellular immortalization and activation of
telomerase in cancer; Apoptosis; Stem cells; Tumor immunology; Role of
cytokines and hormones in cancer; Immunotherapy and cancer therapy, Cancer as
metabolic disorder

Suggested Readings

1. The biology of Cancer: Weinberg RA; Garland Science; 2007.

2. The Molecular Basis of Cancer: Mendelsohn J, Howley PM, Israel MA,

Gray JW, Thompson CB (eds); Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia; 3rd
edition; 2008
BIO 414/634: Behavioral Biology (4)

Course Contents

Behavioral biology course: The importance of studying behavior. Historical

perspective, Tinbergen's four questions for studying behavior; development of
behavior; evolution of behavior. Learning and memory: innate and learned
behavior. Important behaviors such as general communication, foraging, mate
search, predator avoidance. Social behaviors such as leks, migration, altruism,
reciprocity, kin selection, and eusociality. Introduction to plant behavior. Sensory
systems - auditory and visual systems, basic organization and adaptations. Neural
mechanisms of selected behavior such as echolocation in bat, counter sonics and
predator avoidance in moths and directional locations in owls. The above topics
will be complemented with discussions of classic and recent research papers in
the field of behavioral biology.

Suggested Readings

1. Alcock J. 2013. Animal Behavior: an evolutionary approach. 10th Ed.

Sinauer publications, USA

2. Zupanc, G. K. 2010. Behavioral Neurobiology: an integrative approach.

2nd Ed. Oxford Univ. Press

3. Davies, NB, Krebs JR and SA West. 2012. An introduction to behavioral

ecology. 4th Ed. Wiley Blackwell.

BIO 417/637: Advances in Omics (4)

Course Contents

Introduction to various –omics, Genomics: Introduction to genomics;

metagenomics and metatranscriptomics; current sequencing technologies.
Transcriptomics: Introduction to transcriptomics; microarray; EST; SAGE;
applications and case studies. Proteomics: Introduction to proteomics;
identification and analysis of proteins; protein/peptide separation techniques;
methodology (electrophoresis, chromatography, mass spectrometry, protein
database analysis etc.); quantitative proteomics; protein modification proteomics;
interaction proteomics; protein biomarker development; structural mass
spectrometry; structural biology; case studies from current scientific literature.
Bioinformatics: Bioinformatics tools for protein identification and computational
modeling. Metabolomics: Metabolic pathways resources; KEGG; nutrigeomics;
metabolite separation and detection methods; problems and challenges. Systems
Biology and other -omics

Suggested Readings

Latest papers and review articles in each topic (from journals including, but not
limited to, Nature, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., Cell, Nature Biotech., Science,
Trends series). This will be provided in the class.

BIO 418/638: Biophysics and Structural Biology (4)

Course Contents

Biomolecules and their properties.

Proteins from primary to quaternary structures: Amino acids, primary
sequence, peptide bond, dihedral angle, geometry and chemistry of dipeptide,
Ramachandran map, secondary structural elements and their geometric
description, collagen triple helix, super secondary structure, structural domains,
quaternary association of globular proteins.

Basics of nucleic acid structure: The building blocks, DNA secondary structure,
the double helix, deviation from the ideal geometry, higher order structure and
nucleosomes, tertiary structure of RNA.

Protein structure, function, and mechanism: Examples of proteins three-

dimensional structures, molecular mechanism of enzymatic function, protein-
protein interaction, chaperons, membrane proteins, virus structure and assembly,
structural biology and evolution.

Study of macromolecules using biophysical methods: Introduction to molecular

spectroscopy, basic principles of modern biophysical methods to study
macromolecules from the atomic to cellular levels, introduction to
thermodynamics and kinetics, biophysical chemistry, introduction to molecular
dynamics simulations.
Current topics in structural biophysics: The problem of protein folding,
theoretical and experimental approaches to study protein folding. Membrane
protein structure, signal transduction, structural basis of cell motility, cell-cell
interaction and immune system, biophysical basis of protein folding and
degradation. Introduction to membrane biophysics, structure and function of
membranes, experimental and theoretical tools for studying biological
membranes.

Suggested Readings

1. Biochemistry by Donald Voet and Judith G Voet; John Wiley & Sons; 2nd
Ed., - 4th Ed., 1995-2020.
2. Introduction to Proteins Structure by Carl I. Branden and John Tooze;
Garland Science; 2nd Ed., 1998/9.
3. Proteins: Structures and Molecular Properties by Thomas E. Creighton;
W.H. Freeman; 2nd Ed., 1992.
4. Biophysical Chemistry: Parts I, II and III by Charles R. Cantor and Paul
Reinhart Schimmel. W H Freeman and Co, Oxford.
5. Structure and mechanism in protein science. Alan Fersht. W H Freeman
and Co, New York.
6. Protein Folding, Misfolding and Aggregation. Victor Munoz, Stephen
Neidle, David Lilley, Maurius Clore, Simon Campbell et al.. RSC
Biomolecular Sciences (Book 13)

BIO 419: Bioentrepreneurship (2)

Course Contents

A. Introduction and scope in Bio-entrepreneurship, Types of bio-industries and

competitive dynamics between the sub-industries of the bio-sector (e.g.
pharmaceuticals vs. Industrial biotech), Strategy and operations of bio-sector
firms: actors shaping opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship in bio-
sectors, and the business implications of those opportunities, Alternatives faced by
emerging bio-firms and the relevant tools for strategic decision, Entrepreneurship
development programs of public and private agencies (MSME, DBT, BIRAC,
Make In India), strategic dimensions of patenting & commercialization strategies.
B. Bio markets - business strategy and marketing Negotiating the road from lab to
the market (strategies and processes of negotiation with financiers, government
and regulatory authorities), Pricing strategy, Challenges in marketing in bio
business (market conditions & segments; developing distribution channels, the
nature, analysis and management of customer needs), Basic contract principles,
different types of agreement and contract terms typically found in the joint venture
and development agreements, Dispute resolution skills.

C. Finance and accounting Business plan preparation including statutory and legal
requirements, Business feasibility study, financial management issues of
procurement of capital and management of costs, Collaboration & partnership, and
Information technology.

D. Technology management - Technology – assessment, development &

upgradation, Managing technology transfer, Quality control & transfer of foreign
technologies, Knowledge centres and Technology transfer agencies, Understanding
of regulatory compliances and procedures (CDSCO, NBA, GCP, GLA, GMP).

BIO 420/640: Molecular Therapy (4)

Course Contents

Culture of mammalian cells, Vectors for transgene expression in mammalian

cells, Nucleic acids as therapeutic molecules, Techniques for nucleic acids
transfer, Viral vectors (Lenti, Adeno, Herpes etc) and non-viral modalities for
gene transfer, Integrating DNA vectors, Homologous recombination and target
gene modification, Genome editing (CRISPR/Cas9, ZFN, TALEN), Gene therapy
clinical trials. Success stories.

Suggested Readings

1. Provided materials (slides and Research papers)

2. A Guide to Human Gene Therapy; Roland Herzog and Sergei Zolotukhin
– World Scientific
3. Gene Therapy; Mauro Giacca – Springer Biomed
4. Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique and Specialized
Applications; Freshney.
BIO 422: Biomolecular Metabolism (4)

Course Contents
Mechanism of energy production: Fatty acid biosynthesis and degradation:
Digestion, Mobilization, and Transport of Fats, Oxidation of Fatty Acids, Ketone
Bodies; Amino acid biosynthesis and degradation; gluconeogenesis, nitrogen
excretion and the Urea Cycle; Nucleotide metabolism: Pathways and their
regulations, Cholesterol biosynthesis.

Suggested Readings

2. Principles of Biochemistry: Lehninger, Nelson and Cox; 5th edition, W.H.

Freeman; 2008.
3. Biochemistry: Lubert Stryer; W. H. Freeman; 7th Edition; 2010.
4. Biochemistry by Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet; Wiley; 4th edition; 2010.
5. The Biophysical Chemistry of Nucleic Acids and Proteins: Thomas E.
Creighton; Helvetian Press; 2010.

BIO 424/644: Drug Development and Mechanism of Drug Action (4)

Course Contents

1. Introduction to drugs and their targets.

2. Receptors and ion channels as drug targets: Structure and function of

receptors and ion channels.

3. Enzymes as drug targets: Enzyme mechanisms and inhibition.

4. RNA and DNA as drug targets.

5. Drug discovery and development (classical synthetic small molecule drugs

as well as biologics)

6. Synthetic methodology in medicinal chemistry - approaches to diversity.

7. Lead identification and structure-activity relationships.

 8. Drug metabolism.

9. The use of animal models in drug discovery.

10. Case studies on drug discovery/current topics.

Suggested Readings

1. An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, Graham L. Patrick; Fourth

Edition.
2. Lehninger's Principles of Biochemistry, cox and Nelson, Fourth Edition
3. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, Richard B.
Silverman , Second Edition