Transport in
Animals
Luthfiana Ulil Albab
What is Biology?
Biology is the scientific study
of life and living organisms,
including their structure,
function, growth, evolution,
and interactions with the
environment.
specific functions in an animal's
Cell: The basic unit of all living
body
organisms, responsible for
performing life functions
Organ: a structure made up of
Organism: A living thing that can different tissues that work together
function independently, such as to perform a specific function.
animals, plants, fungi, or bacteria
Animal Tissues: groups of similar
Biology
cells working together to perform
English Term Indonesian Term Definition
SystemSistem sirkulasi
Circulatory A circulation system with a pump and
valves to ensure blood flows in the correct direction
Valves KatupStructures that allow liquid to flow in only one direction
oxygen
Oxygenated blood
Darah tidak
Deoxygenated blood
teroksigenasiBlood that carries only a little
Darah oxygen
teroksigenasiBlood that carries a lot of
English Term Indonesian Term Definition
ganda twice without mixing with
Double active disease (in the body)
circulatory system
Sistem peredaran darah
A system where blood
Single tunggal
passes through the heart
circulatory system A system where blood
only once in a full circuit
Sistem peredaran darah passes through the heart
Atrium AtriumA thin-walled chamber at the top of the heart that receives blood
Ventricles VentrikelA thick-walled chamber in the lower part of the heart that pumps
blood out
English Term Indonesian Term Definition A structure that separates the left and
Septum Sekat apart
right sides of the heart, keeping
oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary veins Vena paru-paruVeins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the
left atrium
Vena Cava Vena CavaLarge veins that carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
English Term Indonesian Term Definition The largest artery in the body that
Aorta Aorta body
receives oxygenated blood from the
heart and distributes it throughout the
paru-paru deoxygenated blood from the
heart’s right ventricle to the
Pulmonary
lungs
artery
Valve between the atrium and
ventricle that allows blood to
Atrioventricular valve Katup
flow in one direction to
Arteri pulmonal / arteri atrioventrikular
Arteries that carry another chamber
English Term Indonesian Term Definition Valve located at the entrance to the
Semilunar Valve Katup Semilunar arteries from the ventricles, functioning to
prevent backflow of blood
Coronary
ArteriesArteri KoronerBlood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the heart
muscle
The number of times the arteries expand
Pulse rate Denyut nadi measure heart rate
and contract per minute; used to
Today, you will...
Find out about the human circulatory system
Learn about the structure and the function of
heart Think about factors that increase the risk of
developing heart disease
Investigate how exercise affects heart rate
compare the structure and function of arteries,
vein and capillaries
Find out about the components of blood, and
what they do
The Circulatory System
used to transport the blood
The circulatory system nutrients and gases
is the primary method through the body, in A system of blood
vessels atrium right left
right atrium
ensure one-way flow of
blood
ventricleleft ventricle
with a pump and valves to
The Human
Circulatory System
Function Main Parts
To transport blood, parts: the heart,
oxygen, and blood vessels, and
nutrients to the body blood
Has three main
Single circulation of a Fish
Fish have a single circulatory
system
The heart of a fish has two
chambers: an atrium and a
ventricle
In a single circulatory system,
blood passes through the heart
only once to complete a full
circuit through the body of the
fish
Double circulation of a Mammal
Mammals have a
double
circulatory system
The mammalian
heart has
four chambers
The blood passes through
the heart twice for every
one circuit of the body
Double circulation of a Mammal
Right Side of Heart:
Receive
Deoxygenated blood
Left Side of Heart:
Receive
Oxygenated blood
Advantage of Double
Circulation
Double circulation allows oxygen and glucose to
be delivered faster and more efficiently
Right ventricle pumps blood at a lower pressure
to the lungs to prevent capillaries damage Allow
more time for gas exchange
Filtration in kidneys
Maintain a high metabolic rate
The heart
The heart
The heart
The heart
The Heart
Let’s examine how blood flows through the heart.
blood carrying carbon
dioxide.
1 from upper
to left
The right atrium takes in body
taken to the lungs, lung
where oxygen
2 replaces carbon
Blood is squeezed dioxide.
down into the right 1
ventricle and 2
The Heart
Let’s examine how blood flows through the
heart. to body
from left lungs enters ventricle and
lung the left starts its
34 atrium. journey again
throughout
3
the body.
Oxygen-carryi Blood is
ng blood pumped into
4
from the the left
The Valves
Atrioventricular valves allow blood
to flow from the atria into the
ventricles and prevent it from
going in the opposite direction
Semilunar valves (half-moon) allow
blood to flow from ventricles into
the arteries, and stop it going the
other way
at a high pressure to the whole
Muscular body, while the right ventricle
has to pump blood to the lungs
Walls
The ventricles have thicker
muscle walls than the atria
The left ventricle’s muscle wall
is thicker than the right
ventricle’s muscle wall
This happens because the left
ventricle have to pump blood
Pulse rate is the expansion and
relaxation of an artery caused
by the heart pushing blood
through it
Muscle wall of left atrium
Heartbeat
Most people hearts beat about
60 to 75 times a minute when
resting
Pulse rate is the same as heart
rate
Muscle wall of left atrium
Heartbeat
The activity of
heart can be
recorded as an
ECG
(Electrocardiograph)
Little electrode are stuck onto
the person’s body, and the
electrical activity in the heart is
recorded
How The Heartbeat
pulse rate?
What is your
To check your pulse, place the tips of your
index and middle finger on your wrist.
Feel your pulse and count the beats for 15
seconds. Then, multiply that number by four
to find out how many times your heart
beats in one minute.
Where does this pulse come from?
Tip:
Let’s have a quick poll!
All of the above
Where can you
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check your pulse?
Double-click to customize this poll or quiz, or go to the Elements
Wrist Tab for more options!
Neck
Temple
Monitoring
Heart Activity
The activity of the heart may
be monitored by:
ECG
Pulse Rate
Listening to the sounds of
valves closing using a
stethoscope
Effect of
Physical Activity
on Heart Rate
Investigate the effect of physical activity
on the heart rate:
Record the pulse rate at rest for a
minute
Exercise for a while
Record the pulse rate every minute
until it returns to the resting rate
This experiment will show that during
exercise, the heart rate increases and
may take several minutes to return to
normal
Effect of Physical
Activity on Heart Rate
Increased physical activity results in
an increased heart rate and
breathing rate
Heart rate remains high for a period
of time after physical has stopped,
there is a gradual return to resting
heart rate
Effect of Physical
Activity on Heart Rate
Coronary arteries
The heart is made of
muscle
tissues which needs
oxygen-rich
blood
Coronary arteries supply blood
to the heart muscle
Coronary arteries
Coronary arteries can
be
blocked by cholesterol deposit
inside the walls of arteries
The deposit can make the
artery wall stiffer and the lumen
narrower, the blood difficult to
flow, and might form blood
cloth
Coronary arteries
Coronary arteries can
be
blocked by cholesterol
deposit
inside the walls of
arteries
The deposit can make the
artery wall stiffer and the lumen
narrower, the blood difficult to
flow, and might form blood
cloth
Coronary
Heart Disease
When the coronary artery
becomes blocked, leading to
blood (and oxygen)
starvation in the heart
muscle. This leads to a heart
attack
Coronary
Heart Disease
Coronary heart disease is
caused by
the buildup
of
cholesterol
and other
fatty
substances
within the
coronary arteries
Coronary
Heart Disease
The possible risk factors
for Coronary heart disease
include:
Diet
Lack of exercise
Stress
Smoking
Genetic
predisposition Age
Gender
Coronary
Heart Disease
The risk of Coronary heart
disease may be reduced in
the following ways:
Quit smoking
Maintain a healthy diet
with reduced animal fats
Exercise regularly
Lesson Check:
The Heart
Can you explain how blood flows
through the heart with a partner, even
without the diagram of the heart?
Try explaining the process to your
peer without referring to your notes.
ANSWER KEY
Lesson
Check:
The Heart
Can you explain how blood flows through the heart with a partner, even without the diagram of
the heart?
Shown is a sample diagram of how blood flows through the heart.
body lungs
Right Atrium Left Atrium
Right
VentricleLeft Ventricle
lungs body
