Political science
Justice
Group Project
20 July, 2025
Justice:-
Definition by John Rawls
According to John Rawls, “Justice as
fairness provides what we want .
Meaning:-
The word Justice has its roots in the
Latin Word “Jus” which means Right
or A Bond or A Tie. Man lives in the
society which is a web of social
Definition by Dr. Raphael relationships such relationships are
According to Dr. Raphael, “Justice organised and are based on the
protects the rights of individual as conciousness of individual. it is
well as the order of society.” justice that binds individual in social
relationships
Theories of Justice:-
1. John Rawls Theory of Justice:-
John Rawls Presented the procedural theory of Justice in his book
“THEORY OF JUSTICE [1971]”.
Rawls Primary concerns was the Distribution of Primary Goods. {Rights,
Liberties, Opportunities and Wealth}
He considered justice to be the first virtue of Social institution. He also
defined Justice as Fairness.
According to him; Liberty, Opportunity, income, wealth are bases of
self-respect that needs to be equally distributed {Social values}. This
equal distribution was to be done unless an equal distribution of the
values was to everyone’s advantage.
Two Main Principles are:-
Equal Basic Liberty for all:- Equality of all opportunities:-
According to him, Such
Basic liberty included right This principle is also known
to vote, freedom of as “Maximum Principle”. It
speech. Justice should be implied the increase of
understood in the light of income and advantage of
common good the least advantage group
Conclusion.....
Rawls sought to unit libertarian with egalitarianism and
redefined the relationship between liberty, equality. Thus,
Rawls’ theory of justice comes very close to social justice
that calls for equal enjoyment of opportunity ensuring
justice for a greater role i.e. for the common good. He
called for fair equality of opportunity for all.
2. Amartya Sen’s Theory of Justice:-
Amartya Sen presented his views on justice in his book “The
Idea of Justice.”
He discussed the different sides of Rawls’ theory of justice.
The positive features were priority to the Idea of Fairness
and Preeminence of Liberty.
He criticized Rawls theory by saying that thesis that there
cannot be an ideal or final or deterministic theory of justice
which may down certain goals or characteristics or
institutions which when achieved constitute Justice.
Amartya Sen’s Ideas Of Justice:-
Systematic and Comparative Theory of Justice.
Variety of Social alternative’s based on priorities.
Importance of public Reasoning.
Plurality of approach.
Global Justice democracy and human rights and
extended concepts of social justice.
With regard to actual Justice, he preferred to
use the capability approach, which focuses on
individual advantage in terms of
opportunities. It also focuses on inequality of
capability and on “Human Development.”
Five Instrumental Freedoms:
1.Political Freedom
2.Economic Freedom
3.Social Opportunities
4.Transparency Guarantee
5.Protective Security Provides Social security .
Conclusion.....
Amartya Sen’s Contribution in the tied social
justice is the idea of relationship between
public and private spheres of society. He has
done extensive research on the implication of
gender inequalities on social justice.
Thank you
