整理自：学长小谭

2017 考研真题单词（英语二）
（例句来源于考研英语二真题）
说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式。2.考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解
记忆。

完形填空
People have speculated for centuries
speculate v 推测
about a future without work.
capital n 资本
Some imagine that the coming work-
free world will be defined by inequality:
struggle v 奋斗；挣扎
A few wealthy people will own all the
capital, and the masses（普通百姓）will
impoverished adj 穷困的
struggle in an impoverished wasteland.
荒地，不毛之
wasteland n
地
A different and not mutually exclusive
prediction holds that the future will be a
wasteland of a different sort，one char-
purposelessness n 无目的
acterized by purposelessness: Without
jobs to give their lives meaning，people
will simply become lazy and depressed.
Also，some research suggests that the
explanation for rising rates of mortal-
ity ,mental-health problems，and addic-
mortality n 死亡人数
tion among poorly-educated middle-
aged people is a shortage of well-paid
jobs.
Perhaps this is why many worry about
agonizing adj 痛苦难忍的
the agonizing dullness of a jobless fu-
ture.
dullness n 沉闷，无聊
But it doesn't necessarily follow from
（是……的必然结果）findings like
unease n 不安
these that a world without work would
be filled with unease.
Such visions are based on the downsides
vision n 憧憬，想象 of being unemployed in a society built
on the concept of employment.
design v 设计
In the absence of work, a society de-
signed with other ends in mind could
end n 目的
yield strikingly different circumstances

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

显著地，引人 for the future of labor and leisure.

strikingly adv
注目地
circumstance n 情形
夸张，过分渲 Today, the virtue of work may be a bit
overblow v
染 overblown.
Many jobs are boring, degrading, un-
healthy, and a waste of human poten-
degrading adj 丧失体面的 tial,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the
National University of Ireland in Gal-
way.
相对地，比较 These days, because leisure time is rela-
relatively adv
地 tively scarce for most workers, people
use their free time to counterbalance the
counterbalance v 使平衡，抵消
intellectual and emotional demands of
their jobs.
intellectual adj 智力的
“When I come home from a hard day's
hobby n 业余爱好
work, I often feel tired,” Danaher says,
adding, “In a world in which I don't have
to work, I might feel rather different”-
强烈的爱好， perhaps different enough to throw him-
passion n
热爱 self into a hobby or a passion project
with the intensity usually reserved for
professional matters.

阅读理解 Text1
The Parkrun phenomenon began with a
inspire v 激发，引起 dozen friends and has inspired 400
events in the UK and more abroad.
体育比赛，体
event n
育活动 Events are free, staffed by thousands of
为……配备工 volunteers.
staff v 作人员，
在……工作
Runners range from four years old to
所用的时间， grandparents; their times range from An-
time n
成绩 drew Baddeley's world record 13
minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.
pledge v 发誓，保证
Planning documents pledged that the
great legacy of the Games would be to
legacy n 遗产
lever a nation of sport lovers away from

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

（用杠杆）撬 their couches.

lever v
动
couch n 沙发
健壮的，强健 The population would be fitter, healthier
fit adj
的 and produce more winners.
Obesity has risen among adults and chil-
obesity n 肥胖症
dren.
Official retrospections continue as to
retrospection n 回想，反思 why London 2012 failed to “inspire a
generation.”
精神特质，理 The ethos welcomes anybody.
ethos n
念
There is as much joy over a puffed-out
干的出色，出
shine v first timer being clapped over the line as
类拔萃
there is about top talent shining.
The Olympic bidders, by contrast,
bidder n 投标人 wanted to get more people doing sport
and to produce more elite athletes.
The dual aim was mixed up: The stress
dual adj 双重的
on success over taking part was intimi-
dating for newcomers.
intimidating adj 令人胆怯的
Indeed, there is something a little absurd
in the state getting involved in the plan-
[pl.]基层民
grassroots n ning of such a fundamentally “grass-
众，草根
roots” concept as community sports as-
sociations.
But successive governments have pre-
successive adj 连续的
sided over selling green spaces, squeez-
ing money from local authorities and de-
decline v 拒绝
clining attention on sport in education.
冗长的，啰嗦 Instead of wordy，worthy strategies，fu-
wordy adj
的 ture governments need to do more to
有价值的，值 provide the conditions for sport to thrive.
worthy adj
得尊敬的

阅读理解 Text2
With so much focus on children's use of
屏幕，例句中
screen n screens, it's easy for parents to forget
指代数字产品
about their own screen use.
最大的，最高 “Tech is designed to really suck you
maximal adj
的 in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

digital play, and “digital products are

engagement n 参与度
there to promote maximal engagement.”
脱离，不再感 It makes it hard to disengage，and leads
disengage v
兴趣 to a lot of bleed-over into the family rou-
tine.
bleed-over n 渗透，渗开

Radesky has studied the use of mobile

tablet n 平板电脑
phones and tablets at mealtimes by giv-
ing mother-child pairs a food-testing ex-
exercise n 活动，任务
ercise.
文字的，言语 She found that mothers who used de-
verbal adj
的 vices during the exercise started 20 per
cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer
交流；相互作
interaction n nonverbal interactions with their chil-
用
dren.
During a separate observation, she saw
紧张关系，紧
tension n that phones became a source of tension
张状况
in the family.
Parents would be looking at their emails
努力，企图，
bid n while the children would be making ex-
争取
cited bids for their attention.
没表情的，不 Infants are wired to look at parents' faces
blank adj
感兴趣的 to try to understand their world, and if
those faces are blank and unresponsive-
unresponsive adj 反应迟钝的
as they often are when absorbed in a de-
vice-it can be extremely disconcerting
disconcerting adj 使人不安的
for the children.
In it, a mother is asked to interact with
her child in a normal way before putting
on a blank expression and not giving
痛苦的，悲伤
distressed adj them any visual social feedback: The
的，苦恼的
child becomes increasingly distressed as
she tries to capture her mother’s atten-
tion.
精致地，近乎 “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely
exquisitely adv
完美地 present at all times, but there needs to be
在场的，存在 a balance and parents need to be respon-
present adj sive and sensitive to a child's verbal or
的
体恤的，善解 nonverbal expressions of an emotional
sensitive adj need,” says Radesky.
人意的

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

On the other hand，Tronick himself is

concerned that the worries about kids'
压制的，令人 use of screens are born out of an “op-
oppressive adj
焦虑的 pressive ideology that demands that par-
ents should always be interacting” with
their children
It's based on a somewhat fantasized,
very white, very upper-middle-class ide-
想象的，幻想
fantasised adj ology that says if you're failing to expose
的
your child to 30,000 words you are ne-
glecting them.
This can make them feel happier which
有空的，有暇
available adj lets them be more available to their child
的
the rest of the time.
专心的，留意 It helps them become more attentive.
attentive adj
的

阅读理解 Text3
（引起某种结 Today, widespread social pressure to
果的事物等 immediately go to college in conjunction
conjunction n
的）结合，同 with increasingly high expectations in a
时发生 fast-moving world often causes students
忽略，未注意 to completely overlook the possibility of
overlook v taking a gap year.
到
After all, if everyone you know is going
fall n 秋天 to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay
back a year, doesn't it?
学业的，教学 And after going to school for12 years, it
的，学术的 doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing
academic adj
（尤指与学校 something that isn't academic.
教育有关）
But while this may be true, it's not a
condemn v 谴责 good enough reason to condemn gap
years.
使永久化，使 There's always a constant fear of falling
perpetuate v
持续 behind everyone else on the socially per-
petuated “race to the finish line,”
赚大钱的，获
lucrative adj whether that be toward graduate school，
利多的
medical school or a lucrative career.
错误认识，误
misconception n
解
阻碍，妨碍， But despite common misconceptions，a
hinder v gap year does not hinder the success of
阻挡

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

事业，消遣， academic pursuits- in fact, it probably

pursuit n
爱好 enhances it.
提高，增强，
enhance v
增进
Gap year experiences can lessen the
lessen v 减弱，减轻
blow when it comes to adjusting to col-
lege and being thrown into a brand new
acclimation n 适应
environment，making it easier to focus
愚蠢（或粗心 on academics and activities rather than
blunder n acclimation blunders.
的）错误
If you're not convinced of the inherent
固有的，内在 value in taking a year off to explore in-
inherent adj
的 terests, then consider its financial impact
on future academic choices.
According to the National Center for Ed-
主修课程，专 ucation Statistics, nearly 80 percent of
major n
业课 college students end up changing their
majors at least once.
强制的，法定 This isn't surprising, considering the
mandatory adj
的，义务的 basic mandatory high school curriculum
leaves students with a poor understand-
curriculum n 全部课程
ing of the vast academic possibilities
将发生在，将 that await them in college.
await v
降临到
Many students find themselves listing
（尤指突然彻 one major on their college applications,
switch v
底的）改变 but switching to another after taking col-
lege classes.
costly adj 昂贵的
It's not necessarily a bad thing, but de-
pending on the school, it can be costly to
credit n 学分
make up credits after switching too late
in the game.
after prep. 鉴于，由于

game n 活动，行业

At Boston College, for example, you

nursing n 护理
would have to complete an extra year
were you to switch to the nursing school
department n 系
from another department.

阅读理解 Text4

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

不易扑灭的大 Though often viewed as a problem for

wildfire n 火，野火；大 western states, the growing frequency of
火灾 wildfires is a national concern because
of its impact on federal tax dollars, says
specialist n 专家
Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire
ecology and management.
ecology n 生态，生态学
In2015，the US Forest Service for the
first time spent more than half of its $5.5
budget n 预算 billion annual budget fighting fires-
nearly double the percentage it spent on
such efforts 20 years ago.
fund n 基金，专款
In effect, fewer federal funds today are
going towards the agency's other work-
conservation n 保护
such as forest conservation，watershed
（森林地带 and cultural resources management, and
watershed□
超
n infrastructure upkeep-that affect the
的）集水区
lives of all Americans.
infrastructure n 基础设施

upkeep n 保养，维修

全国范围的， Another nationwide concern is whether

nationwide adj
全国性的 public funds from other agencies are go-
易于发生某事 ing into construction in fire-prone dis-
prone adj 的；很可 tricts.
能……的
As Moritz puts it, how often are federal
put v 说，表达 dollars building homes that are likely to
be lost to a wildfire?
“ It's already a huge problem from a
expenditure n 开支，支出 public expenditure perspective for the
whole country,” he says.
We need to take a magnifying glass to
magnify v 放大
that.
使改变用途，
redirect v
重新使用
使集中于，使 Do we want instead to redirect those
concentrate v funds to concentrate on lower-hazard
汇聚于
parts of the landscape?”
hazard n 危险，隐患

landscape n 地形，地貌

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

相应的，由此 Such a view would require a correspond-

corresponding adj
引起的 ing shift in the way US society today
（想法、做法 views fire, researchers say.
shift n 等的）转变，
改变
包容广阔的， For one thing, conversations about wild-
inclusive adj
范围广的 fires need to be more inclusive.
Over the past decade, the focus has been
（使）变得更
on climate change - how the warming of
worsen v 差，（使）恶
the Earth from greenhouse gases is lead-
化
ing to conditions that worsen fires.
While climate is a key element, Moritz
影响因素，综
equation n says, it shouldn't come at the expense of
合体
the rest of the equation.
“ The human systems and the land-
相互作用，相
interaction n scapes we live on are linked, and the in-
互影响
teractions” go both ways," he says.
Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads
simplified adj 简化的
to “an overly simplified view of what the
solutions might be. Our perception of the
认识，观念，
perception n problem and of what the solution is be-
看法
comes very limited.”
发泄，突然释 At the same time, people continue to
unleash v
放，使爆发 treat fire as an event that needs to be
wholly controlled and unleashed only
necessity n 必然，必要 out of necessity，says Professor Balch at
the University of Colorado.
But acknowledging fire's inevitable
acknowledge v 承认
presence in human life is an attitude cru-
必然发生的， cial to developing the laws, policies, and
inevitable adj practices that make it as safe as possible,
难以避免的
she says.
presence n 存在，出现
使分离，使脱 “ We've disconnected ourselves from
disconnect v
离 living with fire,” Balch says.
“ It is really important to understand
tease v 梳理 and try and tease out what is the human
connection with fire today.”

新题型
The decline in American manufactur-
manufacturing n 制造业
ing is a common refrain，particularly

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

老调，一再重 from Donald Trump.

refrain n
复的话
“We don't make anything anymore,"
（货物的）
line n he told Fox News, while defending his
种，类
own made-in-Mexico clothing line.
outsourcing n 外包

以……替换， Despite trade competition and out-

replace v sourcing，American manufacturing
更换
婴儿潮一代， still needs to replace tens of thousands
（尤指 1947- of retiring boomers every year.
boomer n 1961 年间）生
育高峰期出生
的人
千禧一代，20 Millennials may not be that interested
Millennial n 世纪的最后一 in taking their place.
个世代
激烈的，严厉 For factory owners, it all adds up to
stiff adj
的 stiff competition for workers - and up-
ward pressure on wages.
wage n 工资
（国家、地 “They may be coming[into the work-
workforce n 区、行业或公 force], but they've been plucked by
司）劳动力 other industries that are also doing as
well as manufacturing."
pluck v 拖，拉，扯
（高中或四年 Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high
junior n 制大学的）三 school juniors to the factory so they
年级学生 can get exposed to its culture.
Mr. Roth has three community-college
招（生），吸 students enrolled in a work-placement
enroll v
收（成员） program, with a starting wage of $13an
hour that rises to $17after two years.
At a worktable inside the transformer
worktable n 工作台
plant, young Jason Stenquist looks
紧张的，慌乱 flustered by the copper coils he's trying
flustered adj to assemble and the arrival of two
的，激动的
visitors.
assemble v 装配，组装

(经济)衰退， They blame it on the manufacturing re-

recession n
萧条 cession.
These concerns aren't misplaced: Em-
concern n 忧虑，担心
ployment in manufacturing has fallen

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

（把感情等） from 17 million in 1970 to 12

misplaced adj 寄托于不当对 million in 2015.
象上的
When the recovery began, worker
shortage n 短缺
shortages first appeared in the high-
skilled trades.
trade n 行业，职业

The gap is between the jobs that take

gap n 缺口 no skills and those that require a lot of
skill.
There're enough people to fill the jobs
fill v 担任，充任 at McDonalds and other places where
you don't need to have much skill.
Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Commu-
nity College points to another key to
lure v 吸引
luring Millennials into manufacturing:
awork/life balance.
满足的，甘愿 While their parents were content to
content adj
的 work long hours, young people value
flexibility.
flexibility n 灵活性
加班时间，额 Overtime is not attractive to this gener-
overtime n
外工作时间 ation.

翻译
攻读，修（某 Two years before graduating from sec-
take v
一课程） ondary school, I took a sewing and de-
sign course thinking that I would move
sewing n 缝纫
on to a fashion design course.
However, during that course I realized
I was not good enough in this area to
有突出个性的
personality n compete with other creative personali-
人
ties in the future, so I decided that it
was not the right path for me.
Before applying for university I told
everyone that I would study journal-
apply v 申请
ism, because writing was, and still is,
one of my favourite activities.
This is when I noticed the course
promotion n 推广
“Fashion Media & Promotion.”
\

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享