整理自：学长小谭

2019 考研真题单词（英语一）

说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式；
2. 考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解记忆。

完形填空

Today, we live in a world where GPS

systems, digital maps, and other
navigation n 导航；领航
navigation apps are all available on
our smartphones.
Few of us just walk straight into the
straight adv 径直；笔直地
woods without a phone.
battery n 电池
But phones run on batteries, and
batteries can die faster than we realize.
die vi 停止运转

compass n 指南针 If you get lost without a phone or a

compass, and you literally can't find
trick n 诀窍；技巧 north，we have a few tricks to help
you navigate back to civilization，one
navigate vi 找到正确的方向 of which is to follow the land.

The trail starts just outside the town.

trail n 小路；痕迹 足迹从刚出城的地方开始。(来自网
易有道词典)
Down(下)+hill(小山)
downhill adj 下坡的

Humans overwhelmingly live in

overwhelmingly adv 压倒性地
valleys.

认出，识别；发
identify vt
现
You may be surprised how quickly
独特的，与众不 identifying a distinctive rock or tree
distinctive adj
同的 can restore your bearings.
bearing n 方向，方位

Climb high and look for signs of

habitation n 居住；住宅
human habitation.

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

The area was covered in dense jungle.

dense adj 茂密的，稠密的 这个地区丛林密布。(来自网易有道
词典)
the glow of light pollution
glow n 光辉；光亮
光污染造成的光亮

assuming conj 假定，假设 Finally, assuming you're lost in an area

humans tend to frequent look for the
marks we leave on the landscape.
frequent vi 常去，常到
最后，假设你在人类经常出没的地
方迷路，请寻找我们在地面景观上
landscape n 风景；地形 留下的痕迹。

阅读理解 Text 1
监管人，监管机
regulator n Financial regulators in Britain have
构
imposed a rather unusual rule on the
impose vt 强制推行 bosses of big banks.

bonus n 奖金 整理自：学长小谭
(政府或机构)收
clawback n claw back 弥补性收入（词组）
回(已给出的钱)
He's a giant of a man.
giant n 伟人
他是个巨人。(来自网易有道词典)
Transient investors, who demand high
短暂的，转瞬即 quarterly profits from companies，can
transient adj
逝的 hinder a firm's efforts to invest in long-
term research or to build up customer
loyalty.
短暂投资者—那些要求从公司获得高
quarterly adv 每季度的 额季度收益的投资者会阻碍公司投资
长期研究或者增进客户忠诚的努力。

This has been dubbed “quarterly

dub vt 把…称为
capitalism”
equal adj.平等的
equity n 股票
股份平均分→股票 equity
stock n 股份 整理自：学长小谭

predominance n 主导地位 dominance n.优势，支配地位

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

slightly adv 稍微，略微 Slight adj.轻微的 n.怠慢

Substance n.本质；物质；财产
大量的，很大程
substantial adj Sub(下)+st(站立)+ance(名词词尾)→站
度上的
在下面→本质→物质
Much more could be done to
disclosure n 披露 encourage“ long-termism," such as
changes in the tax code and quicker
disclosure of stock acquisitions.
就鼓励“长期主义”，可做的还有很
acquisition n 收购 多，比如调整税法以及更迅速地披露
股权收购。
Share v.分享→n.股份
shareholder n 股东
股份持有者→股东

Within companies, the right

compensation n 工资，报酬
compensation design can provide
incentives for executives to think
beyond their own time at the company
incentive n 动力，鼓励
and on behalf of all stakeholders.

阅读理解 Text 2
inflate v.膨胀
inflation n （通货）膨胀
in(入，向内)+flat(吹) →膨胀
But another, related force—a policy
catalog(ue) n 目录（簿）
often buried deep in course catalogs
called “grade forgiveness” –is helping
forgiveness n 宽恕 raise GPAs.
re(再次)+take(拿起)
retake vt 重（考），重学
再次拿起知识→重考，重学

practice n 惯例，常规
The use of this little-known practice has
accelerated in recent years.
accelerate vt 加速，加快

tuition n 学费 pay tuition 支付学费

The transition from school to work can
be difficult.
transition n 过渡 从在学校念书到上班工作，这一转变
有时候可真不容易。(来自网易有道
词典)

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

But now most colleges, save for many

selective adj 严格筛选的 selective campuses, allow all
undergraduates, and even graduate
undergraduate n 大学本科生 students, to get their low grades
forgiven.
College officials tend to emphasize that
the goal of grade forgiveness is less
incur vt 招致，蒙受 about the grade itself and more about
encouraging students to retake courses
critical to their degree program and
graduation without incurring a big
penalty.
高校管理者常常强调成绩宽恕的目的
penalty n 不利 并不在分数本身,更多是为了鼓励学
生重修那些事关学位和毕业的课程而
免于受到严重处分。
Regist v. 登记
registrar n 教务主任 Registrar n.登记员→登记学生的老师
→教导主任
subsequent adj 随后的，后来的 整理自：学长小谭
For public institutions，state funds are
sometimes tied partly to their success on
metric n 衡量标准 metrics such as graduation rates and
student retention—so better grades can，
by boosting figures like those ， mean
more money.
对公立机构而言,州政府拨款有时部
分取决于其在毕业率,学生保留率等
retention n 保留 指标上的成功——因此成绩越好,就
越能提升上述数据,从而带来更多拨
款。
boost vt 推动，提高
So better grades can, by boosting
figures like those, mean more money.
mean vt 产生……结果

incentive n 动机
On this, students’ and colleges’
incentives seem to be aligned.
align vt 使一致

阅读理解 Text 3

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

Even before the invention of the electric

bulb n 灯泡 light bulb, the author produced a
remarkable work of speculative fiction
that would foreshadow many ethical
预示；是…的预
foreshadow vt questions to be raised by technologies
兆
yet to come.
甚至早在电灯泡发明之前,这位作家
ethical adj 伦理的，道德的 就创作出了一部非凡推理小说,预示
了未来技术将引发的诸多伦理问题。
What is being called artificial general
intelligence machines that would imitate
evade vt 难倒，使困惑
the way humans think, continues to
evade scientists.
Fascinate(v.) - fascinating(adj.) -
fascinated adj 入迷的
fascination(n.)
depict vi 描述，描绘 de(下)+pict(picture，画)→描绘

reproduce vt 复制 re(再)+produce(生产)→再生产→复制

Their reactions may be a complex

reflex n 本能反应 combination of instant reflexes, input
from past driving experiences，and
what their eyes and ears tell them in that
moment.
input n 输入 他们(驾驶员)的反应可能是一种复杂
的组合,包括在那一瞬间的瞬时本能
反应、过往驾驶经验的输入及其眼睛
耳朵的所见所闻。
autonomous adj 自主的
The coming use of autonomous
pose vt 引起，造成 vehicles, for example, poses thorny
ethical questions.
thorny adj 棘手的，麻烦的

vision n 视力，视觉 AI “vision” today is not nearly as

sophisticated adj 复杂巧妙的 sophisticated as that of humans.

split v.分开 n.裂缝

一瞬间做出的， second n.秒
split-second adj
做得非常精确的 把一秒钟分开→一瞬间做出的→精确
的

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

And to anticipate every imaginable

anticipate vt 预料；预计 driving situation is a difficult
programming problem.

Whenever decisions are based on

masses of data，“you quickly get into a
agency n 专门机构
lot of ethical questions,” notes Tan Kiat
How，chief executive of a Singapore-
based agency that is helping the
government develop a voluntary code
voluntary adj 自愿的，主动的
for the ethical use of AI.
每每基于大数据决策时,“你很快会陷
入许多伦理问题,”新加坡某机构首席
道德准则，行为 执行官陈杰豪说,该机构正在帮助政
code n
规范 府制定一份确保 AI 用途合乎道德的
自愿行为守则。
guide(指导)+line(线，行)
guideline n 指导方针
一行一行的指导→指导方针
pledge vi 保证，正式承诺 On June 7 Google pledged not to
“design or deploy AI” that would cause
deploy vt 部署；调动
“overall harm,” or to develop AI-
directed weapons or use AI for
surveillance n 监视
surveillance that would violate
norm n 行为标准，规范 international norms.

So does that idea that decisions made by

透明的，显而易
transparent adj AI systems should be explainable,
见的
transparent, and fair.
仆人；供人们利
servant n a civil servant 公务员→人民公仆
用之物

阅读理解 Text 4

purchase n 购买，采购 整理自：学长小谭

The Supreme Court decision Thursday

dilemma n 进退两难的境地 will put most online business in a
dilemma.

overrule vt 推翻，否决 The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday

overruled a pair of decades-old
revenue n 财政收入 decisions that states said cost them
billions of dollars in lost revenue
annually adv 每年地 annually.

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

over(超过，过度)+turn(翻转)
overturn vt 推翻，撤销
过度翻转→推翻
Ware adj.知道的，明白的 v.小心→什
warehouse n 仓库 么东西要小心拿取→n.陶器，货物
Ware+house 装货物的房子→仓库
有错误的，有缺 Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the
flawed adj
点的 previous decisions were flawed.
hind(后面的)+er(比较级后缀)→更后
hinder vt 阻碍，妨碍
面的→拖后腿→v. 阻碍，妨碍
Now, rivals will be charging sales tax
rival n 竞争者，对手
where they hadn’t before.
nationwide adv 全国地 Nation+wide
Retail v.零售
tail 分割→detail，细节→细节就是把
零售商；零售商 整体分割成小块
retailer n
店 re(再)+tail(分割)→把小东西再卖出去
→零售
+er(名词词尾，人) →零售商
head(头)+ache(痛) vi.头痛→n.令人头
headache n 棘手的事
痛的事情→ n.棘手的事
factual adj 事实的 fact(事实)+ual(形容词词尾)

新题型
reason n.理由→道理→理智
reasoned adj 理智的
+ed(形容词词尾)→理智的
Humility requires you to recognize
weakness in your own arguments and
sometimes also to accept reasons on the
humility n 谦虚 opposite side.
“谦恭”要求你认识到自身论点的薄弱,
且有时也需要你接受对方立场的理
由。
formula(配方)+ate(动词词尾)
formulate vt 形成，制定
→配方是制定出来的
Next time you talk with someone who
charitably adv 宽容地 takes a stand，ask them to give you a
reason for their view. Spell out their
argument fully and charitably. Assess its
strength impartially. Raise objections
impartially adv 公正地 and listen carefully to their replies.
到底是好是坏。下次与持有某一立场

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

的人交谈时,要求他们给你一个持此
观点的理由。全面且宽容地仔细琢磨
objection n 反对理由，异议
他们的观点。不偏不倚地评判其优
点。提出异议并认真听取对方回复。
Your prospects would be almost as
dismal adj 惨淡的，差劲的 dismal if arguments were even just
competitions like，say，tennis games.
He had an aversion to getting up early.
aversion n 厌恶，讨厌 他十分讨厌早起。(来自网易有道词
典)
yell vt 大喊，叫嚷 yell at 对...吼叫

needy adj 贫困的 need(需要)+y(adj)→贫困的

翻译
purport n.意义，主旨；意图
purport vi 声称；自称
v. 声称；打算
dietary adj 规定饮食的 diet n.饮食；食物；规定饮食
this intriguing and important question
intriguing adj 有迷惑力的
这个令人不解却又重要的问题
It says that the problem is not merely
that people do bad science，but that our
current system of career advancement
advancement n 提升；晋升 positively encourages it.
文章表示，问题不仅在于人们做劣质
研究,还在于现行职业晋升制度助纣
为虐。
famed adj 著名的；闻名的 Famous(adj.)→famed(adj.)
Boiling down an individual's output to
simple metrics such as number of
publications or journal impacts，entails
模棱两可，不明 considerable savings in time，energy
ambiguity n
确 and ambiguity.
将个人产出压缩为简单的度量指标,
如论文发表数量或期刊影响力,会节
省大量时间和精力并避免诸多分歧。

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享