1 E12_Handout_Unit 2

UNIT 2: URBANISATION

Content:
A. Word list (Student’s Book) & Practice Exercises
B. Vocabulary (Student’s Book)
C. Grammar: Subjunctive
D. Reading (Student’s Book & extended)
E. Vocabulary (extended)
F. Phrasal Verbs
G. Idioms
H. Collocations
I. Confusing words

A. WORD LIST (Students’ Book) & PRACTICE EXERCISES:

I. WORD LIST:
No Words/ Transcription PoS Meaning Notes
phrases
01. definition /ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn/ n Định nghĩa
02. finalize /ˈfaɪnəlaɪz/ v Hoàn thành, thông qua lần cuối
03. illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ v Minh họa
04. overload /ˌəʊvəˈləʊd/ v Làm cho quá tải
05. session /ˈseʃn/ n phiên
06. stick to v Tiếp tục với một chủ đề / kế hoạch /
hoạt động mà không thay đổi
07. switch off phrV Ngừng, thôi không chú ý đến nữa
08. thought-provoking /ˈθɔːt prəvəʊkɪŋ/ a Đáng để suy nghĩ
09. urbanisation /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n Sự đô thị hóa urbanise (v)
urban (a)
counter-urbanization (n)
10. downmarket /ˌdaʊnˈmɑːkɪt/ a Giá rẻ, bình dân ANT upmarket (a) đắt
tiền, xa xỉ
11. prospect /ˈprɒspekt/ n Triển vọng
12. weather-beaten /ˈweðə biːtn/ a Dãi dầu sương gió
13. counter- /ˈkaʊntə(r) n Phản đô thị hóa, dãn dân
urbanization ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/
14 expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v Mở rộng
15. living standard n Mức sống
16. make a living phr Kiếm sống
17. migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/ v Di cư
18. on a massive scale /ˈmæs. ɪv/ phr Trên quy mô lớn
19. seek one’s fortune /ˈfɔː. tʃuːn/ phr Tìm kiếm vận may
20. stand for phrV Là viết tắt của
II. PRACTICE EXERCISES:
Exercise 1. mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. none B. phone C. stone D. zone
Giải thích: ……….
2. A. life B. like C. live D. lively
Giải thích: ……….
3. A. beard B. hear C. rear D. swear
Giải thích: ……….
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4. A. ancient B. educate C. stranger D. transfer

Giải thích: ……….
5. A. account B. astound C. country D. mounting
Giải thích: ……….
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the
primary stress in each of the following questions.
6. A. emigrate B. immigrate C. advocate D. inhabit
Giải thích: ……….
7. A. confide B. comfort C. inflate D. severe
Giải thích: ……….
8. A. biology B. environment C. geography D. scientific
Giải thích: ……….
9. A. estimate B. prestigious C. proportion D. urbanity
Giải thích: ……….
10. A. drawback B. greenhouse C. mindset D. overload
Giải thích: ……….
B. VOCABULARY (Student’s Book):
I. COMPOUND ADJECTIVE (tính từ ghép):
1. Lý thuyết:
a. Tính từ ghép:
• Cấu tạo: Được tạo thành từ ≥ 2 từ,
• Cách viết: 1 từ hoặc có dấu gạch ngang (-) ngăn cách
• Nghĩa: không luôn đoán được nghĩa dựa vào nghĩa các từ thành phần
• Trọng âm: Mặc dù có ngoại lệ, trọng âm đa phần là trọng âm của từ thứ nhất

I saw a man-eating alligator. I saw a man eating alligator.

b. Các loại tính từ ghép và ví dụ:
good – looking, record – breaking, never – ending,
Tính từ/ trạng từ/ danh từ + Phân từ hiện tại long – lasting, time – saving, far – reaching, easy –
going, English - speaking
Tính từ/danh từ/trạng từ + Phân từ quá khứ old – fashioned, well – behaved, narrow – minded,
(trọng âm là trọng âm của từ thứ 2) middle – aged, densely – populated, strong – willed,
wind – powered, highly - respected
Tính từ ghép với con số five – minute, one – way, ten – storey
Danh từ - tính từ world – famous/ sugar – free/ duty – free
Tính từ - danh từ full – length/ last – minute/ long – distance
Các loại tính từ ghép khác
well – off (sung túc)/ worn – out (kiệt sức)/ run – down
Với giới từ
(đổ nát)

2. Bài tập:
Exercise 1: Match words from the left-hand box with words from the right to form 15 compound adjectives.
A B Compound adjectives
0. first new 0. first-class
1. easy class 1. ……………..
2. five looking 2. ……………..
3. brand hand 3. ……………..
4. part going 4. ……………..
5. well known 5. ……………..
6. good time 6. ……………..
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7. short sleeved 7. ……………..

8. second handed 8. ……………..
9. left star 9. ……………..
10. weather paid 10. ……………..
11. well beaten 11. ……………..
12. year market 12. ……………..
13. down round 13. ……………..
14. long wide 14. ……………..
15. world lasting 15. ……………..
Exercise 2: Complete the compound adjective in these sentences.
0. They were both wearing short- ……sleeved…………………. shirts.
1. Goran is probably the most famous left- ……… ……………...tennis player.
2. He’s bought a brand-………… …………car.
3. One girl was very badly-…… ……………: she kept shouting and then threw food all over the floor.
4. She’s just got a ……… ……………-time job now. She works three hours a day, Monday to Thursday.
5. It was a very badly-……… ………………. article: terrible punctuation and lots of spelling mistakes.
6. They’re very well-……………………..., so they can go to expensive restaurants.
7. She’s got a little shop near the market where she sells second-……………………...things.
8. When I saw her, she was with a very good-…………………………man in a white suit.
9. Have you ever met a well-………………………...actor or politician?
10. Many young people in rural areas don’t want to spend their lives on the farm like their weather-…………….
parents.
11. Many young people leave their home villages to find well-……………. jobs in the industrial zones.
12. Cuba has a tropical climate with year-……………… sunshine.
Exercise 3: Choose the most suitable noun to follow the adjectives in these sentences.
1. I stayed in a five-star …………………………... in London.
2. We didn’t get to Magala until midnight because we had a two-hour ……………………………at Heathrow.
3. She bought a paper and paid for it with a twenty-pound …………………….
4. It’s just over a kilometer, so it only about a fifteen-minute …………………………
5. I had to pay a forty-pound ……………………… for not having a parking ticket.
Exercise 4: Add s preposition from the list below to complete appropriate compound adjectives.
back up out off on of
1. She’s done the same low-paid job for so long that she’s really fed……………...with it now. (bored or unhappy)
2. The two cars were involved in a head- ………………. collision. (the front part of one vehicle hits the front part of
another vehicle)
3. He has a very casual, laid- …………………...approach to life in general. (calm and relaxed)
4. It never happens again. It’s definitely a one-………………...situation. (happening only once and not regularly)
5. He’s smash hit here but he’s unheard- ……………………... in my country. (that has never been known or done)
6. She bought a cut- …………………. paper pattern and made her own dress. (a shape cut out of paper)
III. PRACTICE EXERCISES:
Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in
each of the following questions.
1. She's a down-to-earth (thực tế) woman with no pretensions.
A. ambitious B. creative C. idealistic D. practical
2. It is crucial (cốt yếu) that urban people not look down on rural areas.
A. evil B. optional C. unnecessary D. vital
3. Polish artist Pawel Kuzinsky creates satirical (châm biếm) paintings filled with thought-provoking messages about the
world.
A. inspirational B. provocative C. stimulating D. universal
4. She was brought up in the slums of Leeds.
A. downtown area B. industrial area C. poor area D. rural area
5. The Freephone 24 Hour National Domestic. Violence Helpline is a national service for women experiencing domestic
violence, their family, friends, colleagues and others calling on their behalf.
A. in the same country B. in the same family
C. in the same office D. in the same school
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6. The promise of jobs and prosperity pulls people to cities.

A. education B. employment C. stabilization D. wealth
7. With so many daily design resources, how do you stay up-to-date with technology without spending too much time on
it?
A. connect to Internet all day B. update new status
C. get latest information D. use social network daily
8. Online Business School also offers interest (lãi suất) free student loans to UK students.
A. no extra fee B. no limited time
C. no repayment D. no interest payments
9. Many illnesses in refugee (người tị nạn) camps are the result of inadequate sanitation.
A. cleanliness B. dirtiness C. pollution D. uncleanliness
10. There has been a hot debate among the scientists relating to the pros and cons of using robotic probes (thiết bị thăm
dò) to study distant objects in space.
A. problems and solutions B. advantages and disadvantages
C. solutions and limitations D. causes and effects
11. Her style of dress was conservative. She never wears items that are too tight, short or low-cut.
A. high-fashion B. traditional C. trendy D. up to date
12. Many of the immigrants have intermarried with the island's original inhabitants.
A. foreigners B. landlord C. newcomer D. dwellers
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE In meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
1. This restaurant was highly recommended for good service, delicious food and kind-hearted boss.
A. ambitious and greedy B. attentive and helpful
C. generous and gracious D. polite and friendly
2. Since 1979, ULI has honored outstanding development projects in the private, public, and nonprofit sectors with the
ULI Global Awards for Excellence program, which today is widely recognized as the development community's most
prestigious awards program.
A. important B. notable C. ordinary D. respected
3. Many people move to urban areas seeking for job opportunity as well as stable employment.
A. durable B. long-lasting C. steady D. temporary
4. In cities, two of the most pressing problems facing the world today also come together: poverty and environmental
degradation (sự xuống cấp).
A. destruction B. poisoning C. pollution D. progression
5. Unemployment is a massive problem for the government at the moment.
A. main B. major C. minor D. primary
6. A cost-effective (hiệu quả chi phí) way to fight crime is that instead of making punishments more severe the authorities
should increase the odds (khả năng) that lawbreakers will be apprehended (bắt) and punished quickly.
A. economical B. practical C. profitable D. worthless
7. I propose that we wait until the budget has been announced before committing ourselves to any expenditure (phí tổn).
A. approve B. recommend C. reject D. suggest
8. Until 1986 most companies would not even allow women to take the exams, but such gender discrimination is now
disappearing.
A. unfairness B. injustice C. partiality D. equality
9. The best hope of avoiding downmarket tabloid TV (truyền hình lá cải) future lies in the pressure currently being put on
the networks to clean up their act.
A. expensive B. famous C. poor quality D. uncreative
10. Without economic security and amid (ở giữa) poor living conditions, crime is inevitable (không thể tránh khỏi).
A. assured B. compulsory C. inescapable D. preventable
11. Increases in motor vehicle usage have resulted in congestion on the roads.
A. blockage B. obstruction C. opening D. overcrowding
12. Urbanization is the shift (sự dịch chuyển) of people from rural to urban areas, and the result is the growth of cities.
A. maintenance B. movement C. transposition D. variation
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
1. (A) Urban development can magnify (B) the risk of environmental hazards (C) for example flash (D) flooding (lũ quét).
Sửa: …………………….
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2. (A) Even if rural areas are winning (B) or losing from increased trade, (C) however, (D) remains uncertain.
Sửa: …………………….
3. Strong city planning (A) will be essential in managing (B) those and (C) others difficulties (D) as the world's urban
areas swell (phình to).
Sửa: …………………….
4. (A) Because of urbanization continues, (B) not only the infrastructure for health (C) but also other social services in
cities (D) need improving.
Sửa: …………………….
5. Government should (A) be used national resources in a (B) more efficient way (C) in order to meet the (D) needs of
growing populations.
Sửa: …………………….
6. (A) What problems (B) could it cause and how (C) citizens should prevent these challenges will (D) be covered in my
essay.
Sửa: …………………….
7. Overpopulation is an undesirable condition (A) where the number of (B) existing human population (C) exceeding the
carrying capacity (D) of Earth.
Sửa: …………………….
8. The loan is interest-free, (A) which means that you will only pay the fee (B) listing on our website, (C) with no extra
payment in (D) the form of interest.
Sửa: …………………….
9. Food prices have (A) raised so (B) rapidly in the past few months (C) that some families have been forced (D) to alter
their eating habits.
Sửa: …………………….
10. Because of severe asthma attacks, the doctor suggested his patient (D) to stop smoking.
Sửa: …………………….
11. (A) Improving the status of women through (B) increasing access (C) to reproductive (sinh sản) health care (D)
affecting migration and urbanization trends.
Sửa: …………………….
12. Poor air and water (A) quality, insufficient water (B) available, and high energy (C) consumption are exacerbated (làm
trầm trọng thêm) by (D) demands of urban environments.
Sửa: …………………….
13. (A) Starting with, the (B) foremost problem (C) engendered (sinh ra, gây ra) by overpopulation is traffic (D)
congestion.
Sửa: …………………….
14. Between (A) the time of the plague and the 21st century, (B) there were hundreds and thousands of wars, (C) natural
calamities and (D) hazards man-made.
Sửa: …………………….
15. It (A) is argued that high costs of living and (B) rising transport difficulties (C) being two of the most serious problems
(D) brought about by overpopulation in cities.
Sửa: …………………….
16. Overpopulation and (A) negative effect of it (B) has been major (C) concerns in cities (D) all around the globe.
Sửa: …………………….

CONSOLIDATION
▪ Down-to-earth =
▪ Crucial =
▪ Pros and cons =
▪ Cost-effective:
▪ Partiality:
▪ Degradation:
▪ Inevitable:
▪ The odds =
▪ Apprehend:
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C. GRAMMAR 1: SUBJUNCTIVE (THỨC GIÁ ĐỊNH)

I. Lý thuyết:

Động từ/tính từ/cụm danh từ + that + S + V (nguyên thể) / should V

1. Thức giả định dùng với các ĐỘNG TỪ diễn đạt sự cầu khiến, gợi ý, yêu cầu, mong muốn...
Công thức: Ví dụ:
* Dạng khẳng định: * The doctor suggested that his patient stop
Chủ ngữ 1 + động từ (ask/demand/ insist/ recommend...) + that + smoking.
chủ ngữ 2 + Động từ nguyên mẫu (Bác sỹ khuyên bệnh nhân của ông nên bỏ thuốc
lá.)
* Dạng phủ định: * The teacher insists that her students not be
Chủ ngữ 1 + động từ (ask/ demand/ insist/ recommend...) + that + late for class.
chủ ngữ 2 + not + động từ nguyên mẫu (Cô giáo yêu cầu sinh viên của mình không đi
học muộn.)
* Dạng bị động: * Kevin demanded that I be allowed to take
Chủ ngữ 1 + động từ (ask/ demand/ insist/ recommend...) + that + part in the negotiations.
chủ ngữ 2+ be + phân từ quá khứ (Kevin muốn tôi được phép tham gia vào cuộc
đàm phán.)
Ta thường gặp một số động từ sau:

to ask that: yêu cầu to request that: yêu cầu

to demand that: yêu cầu to require that: yêu cầu
to determine that: quyết định to suggest that: gợi ý
to insist that: đòi hỏi to advise that: khuyên
to move that: gợi ý to command that: yêu cầu
to order that: yêu cầu to desire that: mong muốn
to pray that: cầu mong to propose that: đề xuất
to prefer that: muốn to urge that: thúc giục
to recommend that: gợi ý

Lưu ý: Trong công thức trên, với một số động từ nếu bỏ that đi thì chủ Ví dụ:
ngữ 2 sẽ trở về dạng tân ngữ và động từ sau nó trở về dạng nguyên thể * They asked the workers to finish building
có to, câu mất tính chất giả định, trở thành một dạng mệnh lệnh thức earlier. (Họ yêu cầu công nhân phải hoàn thành
gián tiếp việc xây dựng sớm hơn.)
* He advised me to leave early in order not to
miss the train. (Anh ta khuyên tôi nên đi sớm để
không bị nhỡ tàu.)
2. Thức giả định dùng với TÍNH TỪ
Công thức: Ví dụ:
* Dạng khẳng định: * It is important that you wait there when he gets off
It is + Tính từ + that + Chủ ngữ + động từ nguyên the plane.
mẫu (Điều quan trọng là bạn phải đợi ở đây khi anh ấy
xuống máy bay.)
* Dạng phủ định: * After the landing, it will be vital that every soldier
It is + Tính từ + that + Chủ ngữ + not + động từ not use a radio.
nguyên mẫu (Sau khi hạ cánh, điều quan trọng là mỗi người lính
không được sử dụng đài.)
* Dạng bị động: * It is obligatory that all the letters be put in Tim’s
It is + Tính từ + that + Chủ ngữ + be + phân từ quá apartment when he returns.
khứ (Điều bắt buộc là tất cả các lá thư phải được để trong
phòng của Tim khi anh ấy quay lại.)
Ta thường gặp các tính từ sau đây dùng trong thức giả Ví dụ:
định: * It is necessary that you should have some familiarity
7 E12_Handout_Unit 2

It is important that It is necessary that with computers.

It is recommended that It is obligatory that (Bạn cần phải quen với việc sử dụng máy tính).
It is urgent that It is desirable that * It is imperative that everyone know what to do when
It is vital that It is essential that there is a fire.
It is best that It is advisable that (Việc tất cả mọi người nên biết phải làm gì khi xảy ra
It is crucial that It is imperative that đám cháy là rất cần thiết.)
It is mandatory that

3. Thức giả định với CỤM DANH TỪ

Công thức: Ví dụ:
* It is + Cụm danh từ + that + Chủ ngữ + (not) + Động từ * It is a recommendation that the secretary phone the
nguyên thể boss before the meeting.
(Lời khuyên ở đây là cô thư ký nên gọi cho giám đốc
trước khi cuộc họp diễn ra.)
* Cụm từ danh từ + is that + Chủ ngữ + (not) + Động từ * Our suggestion is that he be elected group- leader.
nguyên thể (Gợi ý của chúng tôi là nên bầu anh ấy làm thủ lĩnh của
nhóm.)
Các cụm danh từ thường gặp:

It is a good idea (that) It is a wish (that)

It is a bad idea (that) It is an insistence (that)
It is a demand (that) It is a proposal (that)
It is a suggestion (that) It is a recommendation (that)
It is a request (that) It is a preference (that)

II. Bài tập: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. It is necessary that you ________ able to come with us.
A. are B. be C. being D. to be
2. I suggest that Peter ________ the directions carefully before assembling the bicycle.
A. read B. reading C. reads D. to read
3. We request that she________ the window.
A. not open B. not to open C. not opening D. to not open
4. The UK is considering the proposal that it________ a compensation for damages of the Indian embassy.
A. been paying B. is paying C. paid D. pay
5. Howard prefers that I ________ to his party.
A. am going B. go C. going D. will go
6. Mary demanded that the heater ________ immediately. Her apartment was freezing.
A. repaired B. be repaired C. being repaired D. been repaired
7. The monk insisted that the tourists ________ the temple until they had removed their shoes.
A. not enter B. not entering C. not to enter D. to not enter
8. The recommendation that she ________ a holiday was carried out.
A. has taken B. take C. taken D. taking
9. Was it really necessary that I ________ there watching you the entire time you were rehearsing for the play? It was
really boring watching you repeat the scenes over and over again.
A. am sitting B. be sitting C. being sitting D. sitting
10. I propose that we all ________ together so that nobody gets lost along the way.
A. be driving B. drive C. driven D. driving
11. It is impolite that you ________ there when he gets off the plane.
A. be not standing B. been not standing
C. not be standing D. not been standing
12. It is recommended that the vehicle owner________ present at the court.
A. be B. be not C. not being D. not to be
13. Congress has decreed (ra sắc lệnh) that the gasoline tax________.
A. abolish B. abolished C. be abolished D. been abolished
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14. The doctor recommended that she________ a specialist about the problem.
A. be seen B. seeing C. should be seen D. should see
15. It is essential that she________ the truth.
A. told B. should be tell C. should be told D. should been told
16. It has been proposed that we________ the topic.
A. not change B. not to change C. to change D. to not change
17. The doctor suggests that you ________ too much alcohol.
A. drink B. should drink C. not drink D. be drinking
18. The manager insists that all employees ________ when the President comes in.
A. standing B. be standing C. are standing D. will be standing
19. It is important that an efficient worker ________ his/her work on time.
A. can finish B. finishes C. has finished D. finish
20. It’s important that he ________ to take her medicine twice a day
A. remember B. remembering C. to remember D. remembered
21. I suggest that John ________ the directions carefully before assembling the bicycle. He doesn’t want the wheels to
fall off while he is riding down a hill.
A. reading B. to read C. read D. have read
22. Mrs. Mary demanded that the heater ________ immediately. Her apartment was freezing.
A. repaired B. be repaired C. repair D. repairing
23. It’s vital that the United States ________ on improving its public education system. What we do now will affect our
country for generations to come.
A. focuses B. focus C. focusing D. to focus
24. The monk insisted that the tourists ________ the temple until they had removed their shoes.
A. not entering B. not to enter C. not enter D. entered
25. I am not going to sit here and let her insult me. I demand that she immediately ________ for what she just said.
A. apologize B. apologizing C. to apologize D. apologized
26. Tom asked that we ________ her graduation ceremony next week.
A. attended B. to attend C. attend D. attending
27. Was it really necessary that I ________ there watching you the entire time you were rehearsing for the play? It was
really boring watching you repeat the scenes over and over again.
A. sits B. am sitting C. be sitting D. to sit
28. It is important to remember that Jenny ________ very differently from you. She may not agree to the changes you
have made in the organization of the company.
A. think B. to think C. thinks D. thinking
29. It’s a little difficult to find the restaurant. I propose that we all _____ together so that nobody gets lost along the way.
A. is driving B. drive C. to drive D. driven
30. The clients demanded that the doctor's office_____ earlier.
A. opening B. opened C. open D. to open
31. What would you suggest that he_____?
A. will do B. would do C. do D. did
32. It is necessary that he_____ a certificate in English?
A. will get B. gets C. get D. would get
33. I demand that I_____ to retake the exam.
A. be allowed B. am allowed C. will be allowed D. were allowed
34. The king ordered that Gulliver_____ free.
A. be B. is C. will be D. would be
35. It is essential that Mary_____ speak English.
A. be able to B. is able to C. was able to D. must be able to
36. He suggested that I_____ tolerant of other people.
A. am B. was C. be D. would be
37. My doctor insisted_____
A. that I diet B. me to diet C. for me dieting D. for me to diet
38. Everyone urged that Bill_____ his education.
A. continue B. continuing C. to continue D. continued
39. The director requests that all packages_____ at the central office.
A. to mail B. be mailed C. to be mailed D. mailing
9 E12_Handout_Unit 2

40. It is important that he ________ a gallon of water with him if he wants to hike to the top of the mountain.
A. taking B. take C. took D. takes
41. It has been suggested that there ________ a tax exemption on the income of the poor.
A. been B. is C. will be D. should be
42. It is essential that Lucy ________ her multiplication tables.
A. to learn B. learning C. learn D. learns
43. It is necessary that he ________ the book in advance.
A. read B. reads C. to read D. will read

D. READING (Student’s Book & extended)

I. Student’s Book:
Task #1: Complete the sentences with the words from the box
on a massive scale make a living compete with
living standard seek the fortune access to
1. Urbanisation has provided job opportunities, and better _______________ health facilities and education.
2. People migrate to urban areas ____________________________ due to lack of resources in rural areas.
3. Believing that _________________________ in urban areas will be higher than in rural areas, many people come
to the city _____________________.
4. Small farmers find it harder to ___________________ because they can’t _________________ large agricultural
companies.
Task #2: Read the text and complete the diagram

Causes

‘Push’ factors ‘Pull’ factors

Task #3: Find the words in the text that have the following meanings
1. (para2) becoming larger in size or amount……………………….…
2. (para2) the movement of people out of cities to the surrounding areas…….…….
3. (para3) became twice as big or twice as many………………………...…
4. (para3) a rise in size, amount or degree………………………………….
5. (para4) go to live in another area or country……………………...………
Task #4: Complete the summary with ONE suitable word from the text
Urbanisation is a process by (1) _____ urban areas grow bigger (2) _____ more and more people leave
the countryside to live in towns and cities. Before (3) _____ 1950s, rapid urbanisation took place in Europe and North
America because it was the (4) _____ of industrialisation in these areas. After 1950, urbanisation started to grow rapidly in
(5) _____economically developed countries. Some of the ‘push’ factors of urbanisation are lack of resources in (6) _____
areas, bad weather conditions, and competition from large agricultural companies. Some of the ‘pull’ factors of
urbanisation are the (7) _____ of resources such as money, services, wealth and opportunities as (8) _____ as the higher
living standards of these areas.
II. Extended:
Exercise 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that
best fits each of the numbered blanks.
10 E12_Handout_Unit 2

Rapid urbanization can (1) _______ long-term economic, social and environmental promise for developing countries (2)
_______ investments made now in infrastructure, housing and public services are efficient and sustainable, the World
Bank says in a new report.
In the next two decades, cities are (3) _______ to expand by another two billion residents, as people move in
unprecedented (chưa từng thấy) (4) _______ from rural areas to pursue hopes and aspirations (khát vọng) in cities. More
than 90 (5) _______ of this urban population growth is expected to occur in the developing world, (6) _______ many
cities are already struggling to provide basic (7) _______ such as water, electricity, transport, health services and
education.
Report authors note that (8) _______ new urban growth will not take (9) _______ in the "megacities" of the world e.g.,
Rio de Janeiro, Jakarta or New Delhi (10) _______ rather in less commonly recognized "secondary" cities places like
Fushun in China, and Surat in India.
To help policymakers prepare for and manage growth, the report distills (chắt lọc) lessons (11) _______ from 12 countries
across all geographic regions and stages of urbanization. It then translates these global lessons (12) ______ practical
policy advice.
1. A. bring B. carry C. hold D. take
2. A. if B. unless C. whether D. while
3. A. predictable B. predicted C. predicting D. predictions
4. A. amounts B. numbers C. ranges D. sums
5. A. per cent B. percentage C. proportion D. rate
6. A. what B. where C. which D. why
7. A. demands B. needs C. orders D. uses
8. A. almost B. most C. mostly D. nearly
9. A. form B. hand C. place D. time
10. A. but B. nor C. or D. yet
11. A. are learned B. being learned C. learned D. learning
12. A. by B. into C. up to D. up with
Exercise 2: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
Setting up and running a car company was an expensive business and required a lot of workers. A company that makes its
money out of a smart app requires less capital, doesn't have to pay (1) _______ storage or transport in the way that car
companies do and (2) _______ virtually no (hầu như không) extra costs as the number of users increases.
In the jargon of economics (thuật ngữ kinh tế học), the marginal costs (chi phí cận biên) per unit of output tend towards
zero and the returns to scale (lợi nhuận theo quy mô) are high. This explains why tech entrepreneurs (doanh nhân) can get
very rich very young. Technological change has always been (3) _______ (gián đoạn). There was a polarization (sự phân
cực) of income and wealth in the first wave of industrialization at the beginning of the 19 th century, and this gave rise to
(dẫn đến) political and institutional (thể chế) change over the 100 years between 1850 and 1950: the spread of democracy;
the emergence of trade unions (công đoàn); progressive taxation and the development of social safety nets. These helped
create bigger markets for the consumer goods that were spawned (sinh ra từ) by the second Industrial Revolution: TVs,
radios, vacuum cleaners and the like (những thứ tương tự). (4) _______ over the past four decades a political model that
both facilitated the spread of technology and provided some protection against its disruptive consequences has come under
attack. Welfare states have become less generous, levels of long-term unemployment are much higher, taxation has
become less progressive, and politics has increasingly been dominated by those with the deepest pockets (giàu nhất) (5)
_______ can lobby (tác động) the loudest.
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/business/economics-blog)
Question 1: A. with B. for C. off D. on
Question 2: A. gives B. involves C. incurs (gánh chịu, chi trả) D. takes
Question 3: A. disruptive B. disrupt C. disruption D. disruptively
Question 4: A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. But
Question 5: A. what B. who C. which D. that
Exercise 3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
1 The increase in urbanization causes different problems. Air and water pollution are amongst the major issues we
2 have to tackle.
3 In the first place, cars, factories and burning waste emit dangerous gases that change the air quality in our cities
4 and pose threats to our health. Dangerous gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides cause respiratory
11 E12_Handout_Unit 2

5 diseases, for instant, bronchitis (viêm phế quản) and asthma (hen). Those are also proved to have long-term
6 effects on the environment.
7 Furthermore, with the increased population, it becomes difficult to manage the waste generated in cities. Most of
8 the waste is discharged or dumped into rivers or onto streets. The waste pollutes water and makes it unfit for
9 human consumption. Subsequently (sau đó), it becomes more and more difficult for city dwellers to get clean
10 water. Some cities in Africa are unable to provide adequate water supply because most of the water is lost in pipe
11 leakages. In fact, most city dwellers in developing countries are forced to boil their water or to buy bottled water,
12 which is very expensive.
13 There are several actions that could be taken to eradicate the problems described above. Firstly, a simple solution
14 would be joining community efforts to address problems affecting your city. Ask your parents, friends and
15 relatives to join in as well. These efforts might include clean-up campaigns, recycling projects and a signature
16 campaign to ask the government to do something about the situation. A second measure would be encouraging
17 your teacher to talk about these problems and to discuss how young people can help to solve them. Finally,
18 writing to local organizations working on these issues for ideas on how you can contribute to solve them.
1. The word tackle in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. deal with B. make up C. try on D. turn down
Nghĩa: ……………………….
2. The word those in paragraph 2 refers to _______
A. bronchitis and asthma B. carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides
C. dangerous gases D. respiratory diseases
3. According to the passage, in some cities in Africa _______.
A. people are allowed to dump waste into rivers and on streets
B. people aren't provided enough water due to leaking pipes
C. people have found some solutions to the problems
D. people would rather use boiling water and bottled water
Dẫn chứng dòng: ……………………….
4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. City problems should be taught and be topic for students to discuss at school.
B. Children must ask for their parent's permission before joining community efforts.
C. Participators might take part in different kinds of projects and campaigns.
D. People can contribute to solving the problems by writing to local organizations working on these issues.
Dẫn chứng dòng: ……………………….
5. Which of the following would serve as the best title for the passage?
A. Environment degradation: Air and water pollution
B. Environmental pollution: Problems and actions
C. Increasing urbanization: Causes and effects
D. Increasing urbanization: Effects and solutions

Exercise 4. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
1 Buying a house is the single largest financial investment an individual makes. Yet, in India this act is fraught
2 with (đầy) risk and individuals depend on weak laws for justice. Occasionally, deviant (sai lệch) promoters
3 (người quảng bá) are called to account as was the case in the detention (giam giữ) of Unitech's promoters. This
4 incident shows up the fallout (hậu quả) of an absence of proper regulation to cover contracts between buyers and
5 real estate promoters. A real estate bill (dự thảo), which is presently pending (đang chờ giải quyết) in Rajya
6 Sabha, seeks to fill (cố gắng) this gap. It has been debated for over two years and should be passed by Parliament
7 in the budget session.
8 India is in the midst of rapid urbanization and urban population is expected to more than double to about 900
9 million over the next three decades. Unfortunately, even the current population does not have adequate housing.
10 A government estimate in 2012 put the shortage at nearly 19 million units. If this shortage is to be alleviated
11 quickly, India's messy real estate sector needs reforms.
12 The real estate bill seeks to set standards for contracts between buyers and sellers. Transparency (sự minh bạch),
13 a rare commodity (thứ hữu ích) in real estate, is enforced (làm cho có hiệu lực) as promoters have to upload
14 project details on the regulators' website. Importantly, standard definitions of terms mean that buyers will not feel
15 cheated after taking possession of a house. In order to protect buyers who pay upfront (trả trước), a part of the
12 E12_Handout_Unit 2

16 money collected for a real estate project is ring-fenced (khoanh vùng hàng rào) in a separate bank account. Also,
17 given the uncertainty, which exists in India on land titles, the real estate bill provides title insurance. This bill has
18 been scrutinized (xem xét kỹ lưỡng) by two parliamentary committees and its passage (sự thông qua) now brooks
19 no delay (không cho phép để chậm được).
20 This bill is an important step in cleaning up the real estate market, but the journey should not end with it. State
21 governments play a significant role in real estate, and they are often the source of problems. Some estimates
22 suggest that real estate developers have to seek approvals of as many as 40 central and state departments, which
23 lead to delays and an escalation in the cost of houses. Sensibly, NDA government's project to provide universal
24 urban housing forces states to institute (tiến hành) reforms to access central funding. Without real estate reforms
25 at the level of States, it will not be possible to meet the ambition of making housing accessible for all urban
26 dwellers.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that _______ Dẫn chứng: ……………………….
A. buying house is not a single largest individual investment.
B. in India, no one depends on laws for justice.
C. the real estate bill does not provide title insurance.
D. urbanization in India has increased rapidly.
2. According to the passage, which of the following is the pending in Rajya Sabha? Dẫn chứng: ……………………….
A. NDA government's new scheme (kế hoạch) B. Universal rural housing programme
C. Real estate bill D. Universal urban housing programme
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? Dẫn chứng: ……………………….
A. Current population does not have adequate housing in India.
B. India's real estate sector needs reforms.
C. Real state bill has been scrutinized by two parliamentary committees.
D. Urban population is expected to more than double to about 850 million over the next three decades.
4. According to the passage, what is the source of problem in real estate? Dẫn chứng: ……………………….
A. Buyers and sellers B. Central governments
C. Market money makers D. State governments
5. The word alleviated in the second paragraph is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______. Nghĩa: ……………………….
A. aggravated B. deaden C. diminished D. relieved
6. The word possession in the third paragraph refers to _______. Nghĩa: ……………………….
A. lease B. need C. proprietary rights D. renting
7. The word escalation in the fourth paragraph refers to _______. Nghĩa: ……………………….
A. decrease B. growth C. reduction D. sustainability
8. It is impossible to meet the ambition of making housing accessible for urban dwellers _______. Dẫn chứng: ………….
A. with real estate reforms at state level B. without support of central government
C. without passing the bill in Rajya Sabha D. without real estate reforms at the level of states
Exercise 5: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.
1 Urban populations interact with their environment. Urban people change their environment through their
2 consumption of food, energy, water, and land. And in turn, the polluted urban environment affects the health and
3 quality of life of the urban population.
4 People who live in urban areas have very different consumption patterns than residents in rural areas. For
5 example, urban populations consume much more food, energy, and durable (bền) goods than rural populations. In
6 China during the 1970s, the urban populations consumed twice as much pork as the rural populations who were
7 raising the pigs. With economic development, the difference in consumption declined as the rural populations ate
8 better diets. But even a decade later, urban populations had 60 percent more pork in their diets than rural
9 populations. The increasing consumption of meat is a sign of growing affluence (sự sung túc) in Beijing; in India
10 where many urban residents are vegetarians, greater prosperity is seen in higher consumption of milk.
11 Urban populations not only consume more food, but they also consume more durable goods. In the early 1990s,
12 Chinese households in urban areas were two times more likely to have a TV, eight times more likely to have a
13 washing machine, and 25 times more likely to have a refrigerator than rural households. This increased
14 consumption is a function of urban labor markets, wages, and household structure.
15 Urban consumption of energy helps create heat islands that can change local weather patterns and weather
16 downwind from the heat islands. The heat island phenomenon (hiện tượng) is created because cities radiate (tỏa
17 ra) heat back into the atmosphere at rate 15 percent to 30 percent less than rural areas. The combination of the
13 E12_Handout_Unit 2

18 increased energy consumption and difference in albedo (radiation) means that cities are warmer than rural areas
19 (0.6 to 1.3 C). And these heat islands become traps for atmospheric pollutants. Cloudiness and fog occur with
20 greater frequency. Precipitation is 5 percent to 10 percent higher in cities; thunderstorms and hailstorms (mưa
21 đá) are much more frequent, but snow days in cities are less common.
22 Urbanization also affects the broader regional environments. Regions downwind (xuôi theo hướng gió) from
23 large industrial complexes also see increases in the amount of precipitation, air pollution, and the number of days
24 with thunderstorms. Urban areas affect not only the weather patterns, but also the runoff (dòng chảy) patterns for
25 water. Urban areas generally generate more rain, but they reduce the infiltration of water and lower the water
26 tables. This means that runoff occurs more rapidly with greater peak flows. Flood volumes increase, as do floods
27 and water pollution downstream.
28 Many of the effects of urban areas on the environment are not necessarily linear (tuyến tính). Bigger urban areas
29 do not always create more environmental problems. And small urban areas can cause large problems. Much of
30 what determines the extent of the environmental impacts is how the urban populations behave - their
31 consumption and living patterns - not just how large they are.
(Source : https://www.prb.org )
Question 1: Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? Dẫn chứng: ……………………….
A. The consumption of urban populations B. The environmental effects of urbanization
C. The benefits and drawbacks of urbanization D. The interaction of humans with environment
Question 2: Which of the following is TRUE about the food consumption of Chinese urban inhabitants? Dẫn chứng: …
A. People in urban areas ate less than those in rural areas in the past.
B. Urban civilians (người dân) prefer more milk in their diets than pork.
C. People breeding (chăn nuôi) the pigs in the past often had less pork in their diets than those in urban areas.
D. The pork consumption in urban areas has experienced a downward trend.
Question 3: The word “their" in paragraph 2 refers to _______
A. the urban residents' B. the rural populations’
C. pigs' D. Chinese citizens’
Question 4: According to paragraph 3, the following are mentioned as examples of durable goods, EXCEPT _______
A. televisions B. washing machines C. fridges D. generators
Dẫn chứng: ……………………….
Question 5: What does the word “Precipitation" in paragraph 4 mean? Nghĩa: ……………………….
A. the amount of the rain fall B. the bad weather with strong wind and rain
C. the rain that contains harmful chemicals D. air pollution
Question 6: The word “infiltration" in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by
A. penetration (sự thấm qua) B. interruption (sự gián đoạn)
C. conservation (sự bảo toàn) D. accumulation (sự tích lũy)
Question 7: In which paragraph does the writer mention the temperature in urban areas is higher than that of rural ones?
A. Paragraph 3 B. Paragraph 4
C. Paragraph 5 D. Paragraph 6
Question 8: What can be inferred in the last paragraph? Dẫn chứng: ……………………….
A. Human activities have directly impacted on how the environment changes.
B. The larger the urban areas are, the more complicated the environmental problems become.
C. People should not expand urban areas in order to protect the environment.
D. Global warming is the main factor that affects the environment.

CONSOLIDATION:
1. hold/have promise: ……………………………………….
2. translate A into B: ……………………………………….
3. tackle (v) = …………………: ………………………………
4. be fraught with: ……………………………………….
5. Seek to do: ……………………………………….
6. Brook no delay: ……………………………………….
7. Alleviate >< aggravate /ˈæɡrəveɪt/: ……………………….>< ………………………….
8. Escalation: ……………………………………….
14 E12_Handout_Unit 2

E. VOCABULARY (extended):

I. STRUCTURES

STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa

1 Access to st Tiếp cận với cái gì
2 Be flooded / crowded with st Đầy, chật cái gì
3 Be harmful to sb / st Có hại cho ai / cái gì
4 Benefit from st Thu lợi ích từ cái gì
5 Combine with st Kết hợp với cái gì
6 Compete with sb / st Cạnh tranh với ai / cái gì
7 Cope with st Đương đầu với cái gì
8 Do research Tiến hành nghiên cứu
9 Fall / decrease: Giảm:
sharply / steadily / gradually / slightly mạnh / đều / dần dần / nhẹ
Rise / increase: Tăng:
sharply / steadily / gradually / slightly mạnh / đều / dần dần / nhẹ
Stay the same / remain stable / level off Giữ nguyên

10 Focus on = concentrate on Tập trung vào

11 Grab / draw / attract one’s attention Thu hút sự chú ý của ai
12 Keep sb engaged Giúp ai tập trung vào
13 Lack of st Thiếu cái gì
14 Look down on Coi thường
Look up to Kính trọng
15 Make presentation Thuyết trình
16 Make / earn a living Kiếm sống
17 On a wide / massive scale Trên quy mô rộng lớn
18 Overload sb with st Làm cho ai bị quá tải với cái gì
19 Play an important role in st Đóng vai trò quan trọng trong cái gì
20 Prepare for st = do / make preparation for st Chuẩn bị cho cái gì
21 Prior to st Trước cái gì
22 Pros and cons = advantages and disadvantages Ưu và nhược điểm
23 Relate to st Liên quan đến cái gì
24 Result in = lead to = cause to Dẫn tới
Result from Có kết quả từ
25 Seek one’s fortune Tìm kiếm vận may
26 Stick to st Tiếp tục với một chủ đề / kế hoạch / hoạt động
mà không thay đổi
27 Switch off = stop giving your attention to sb or st Ngừng chú ý đến ai / cái gì
28 Take measure Có những biện pháp
29 Traffic congestion Ùn tắc giao thông
30 With no hope of doing st Không có hi vọng làm gì

II. PRACTICE EXERCISES

1. The purpose of secondary education is to give students common knowledge to _______ either higher education or
vocational education.
A. prepare for B. capable of C. acceptable to D. suffer from
2. He had not parked in front of the house because he had no desire to _______ attention to himself.
A. draw B. come to C. show D. pay
3. When troubled, kids are more prone (dễ có khả năng sẽ) to misbehave and less able to concentrate, and it can be a
struggle keeping learners _______ in such cases.
A. posted B. informed C. engaged D. occupied
15 E12_Handout_Unit 2

4. You should _______ what the interviewer is saying and make a real effort to answer all the questions.
A. liable for B. concentrate on C. emerge from D. suspicious of
5. If you’re both going to lie, at least _______ the same story and don’t contradict (mâu thuẫn với) each other!
A. stick out B. stick on C. stick in D. stick to
6. Mr. Obama is scheduled to arrive in the Danish capital early Friday, in time to make a _______ to the voting
members of the International Olympic Committee.
A. presentation B. presentative C. presentable D. presentational
7. They normally give new employees a little while to settle _______ before they overload them _______ work.
A. up - at B. in - with C. down – by D. of - of
8. I could tell my students were starting to _______ during my class, so I brought out the projector and started using old
cartoons to illustrate my points.
A. switch off B. shut down C. showed up D. count on
9. The area is a fantastic place to _______, Pastron says, because of its immigrant history and rapid settlement in the
19th century.
A. do research B. take amiss C. make allowance D. get tough
10. Most financial advisers _______ that you buy individual life insurance, at least as a supplement.
A. recommence B. recommend C. recommendation D. recombination
11. The English campaign against Scotland was planned _______ , with a force of around 23,350 men.
A. onomastic B. on a hunch C. on a par D. on a massive scale
12. The issues discussed in this section _______ to how reliably and validly these functions can be fulfilled.
A. relate B. relative C. relational D. relationship
13. Some people refuse to buy goods that are overpackaged because they feel that it is _______ to the environment.
A. harmful B. harmfully C. harmless D. harmfulness
14. The causes of child labour include poverty, the lack of _______ to education, and weak government institutions.
A. excerpt B. except C. access D. excess
15. Jocks (vận động viên thể thao) respect physical prowess (sức mạnh thể chất) and _______ unfit people for being weak
and lazy.
A. look forward to B. look as if C. look down on D. look up to
16. One disadvantage _______ living in the town is the lack _______ safe places _______ the children to play.
A. of - of – for B. on - in - from
C. about - at – around D. for - from - for
17. When the worse gets to the worst (không còn cách nào khác), a number of people end up indulging in various societal
vices (tệ nạn xã hội) to _______.
A. claim a life B. larger than life C. earn a living D. come alive
18. In contrast, other devices available in the market cannot _______ the simplicity and total control that these joysticks
(cần điều khiển) have to offer.
A. cluttered with B. compete with C. content with D. crowded with
19. Clara worked as an assistant in the firm for several years before she finally left to seek her _______ as an independent
contractor.
A. fortune B. fortunate C. fortuitous D. fortuitousness
20. However, if you require advice or assistance ___ this, please do not hesitate to contact this office at the number below.
A. prior by B. prior with C. prior to D. prior from
21. He was _______ with relief as if a picture hanging crooked on the wall had been set nearly straight again.
A. drifted B. flooded C. drowned D. plunged
22. You have to weigh up (cân nhắc) all the _______ of the matter before you make a decision.
A. chalk and cheese B. pros and cons C. ups and downs D. odds and ends
23. It is questionable whether all the banks can _______ an economic upswing (sự hồi phục kinh tế).
A. exempt from B. depart from C. differ from D. benefit from
24. The routine check _______ the bank officer discovering a string of (một chuỗi) fraudulent (gian lận) transactions
being committed by one of the senior staff.
A. resulted in B. delight in C. indulge in D. persist in
25. Our personalities _______ the complex interplay (sự tác động lẫn nhau) between our genes and our environment.
A. result from B. resulted in C. benefit from D. benefit of
26. The cost of living in big cities has risen _______ over the past years. This has caused a lot of difficulties for low-
income people.
A. sharply B. sharp C. bluntly D. blunt
16 E12_Handout_Unit 2

27. Temperature can determine which ions can form or remain _______ enough to enter into chemical reactions.
A. fluctuate B. renovate C. restrain D. stable
28. Today the city government has taken _______ to prevent a repetition of last year’s confrontation.
A. measures B. pleasures C. assures D. leisures
29. However, mutators (đột biến) may play an important role _______ the adaptation _______ organisms to changing
environments.
A. in - of B. of - from C. by - in D. with - at
30. Some medical experts have declared that she is in a persistent vegetative state _______ no hope _______ recovery.
A. in - for B. with - down C. with - of D. at - in
31. People think that _______ in the downtown area is due to the increasing number of private cars.
A. no traffic both ways B. two-way traffic
C. traffic warden D. traffic congestion
32. The transport service cannot _______ the strain of so many additional passengers.
A. blessed with B. cope with C. shake with D. impressed with
33. The burden of bad loans has _______ government foot-dragging (sự chậm trễ, tụt hậu) to slow the pace of
modernization.
A. come down with B. got by with C. combined with D. come with

F. PHRASAL VERBS:

NO 030 Carry on to continue doing sth

• tiếp tục
The girl carried on looking for her doll.

NO 031 Carry out to do and complete a task.

• thực hiện
Do you know who is carrying out the investigation?

NO 032 Catch on to become popular or fashionable

• trở nên được yêu thích
His new novel immediately caught on.

NO 033 Catch up with (catch sb • to reach sb ahead; to reach the same level as sb
up) • bắt kịp; đuổi kịp
No athletes could catch up with our hero.
17 E12_Handout_Unit 2

NO 034 Check in go to a desk in a hotel and report that you have

arrived
• đăng ký khi vào khách sạn
They waited for all the members to arrive at the hotel before checking in.
NO 035 Check out to pay your bill and leave a hotel
• thanh toán khi rời KS.
The strange man left the hotel without checking out.
NO 036 Cheer up; cheer sb/sth up to become more cheerful; to make sb/sth more cheerful
• vui lên; làm ai vui lên
Those children look sad; Let's cheer them up.
NO 037 Clear up; clear sth up to become fine or bright; to make something clean
• trở nên tươi sáng; dọn dẹp
The sky cleared up after the heavy rain.
NO 038 Close down to stop doing business
• ngừng kinh doanh, đóng cửa (công ty, cửa hàng)
A lot of shops have been closed down recently.
NO 039 Come along to arrive at a place
• đến nơi
When the girl came along, the party had already begun.
NO 040 Come across to meet or discover by chance
• tình cờ gặp, tìm thấy
I came across my classmate at high school when I was walking.
NO 041 Come around/ round to become conscious; to visit; to happen again
• hồi tỉnh; ghé thăm; lại xảy ra
The woman came around soon after her faint.
NO 042 Come back to return
• trở về
When did you come back home yesterday?
NO 043 Come between to prevent sb from doing or getting sth
• cản trở ai với việc gì
He never lets anything come between him and football matches.
NO 044 Come by to make a short visit; to get sth
• ghé thăm; có được
No one was at home when he came by.
NO 045 Come down with to start to suffer from a disease
• bị bệnh gì
Her son came down with a fever some days ago.
NO 046 Come from to have as your place of birth; to have something as an
origin
• tới từ; có nguồn gốc từ
This phrase comes from Greek language.
NO 047 Come in to enter
• đi vào
Come in, please!
NO 048 Come in for to receive sth such as criticism
• gặp phải điều gì không tốt, thường là “lời chỉ trích”
His comment on the incident came in for a lot of criticisms.
NO 049 Come into use to start being used
• bắt đầu được sử dụng
This tractor came into use during the Agrarian Reform.
NO 050 Come off to fall from; to succeed
• ngã (xe, ngựa); thành công
18 E12_Handout_Unit 2

The girl suddenly came off the horse.

NO 051 Come on! used to tell somebody to hurry or to try harder
• Nhanh lên! Cố lên!
I am worrying about my coming exam." - "Come on!"
NO 052 Come on to develop, to make progress
• phát triển, tiến triển
Susan is coming on with her new job.
NO 053 Come out to become known; to become available
• (bí mật) bị tiết lộ; (phim, sách) ra mắt
My new book will come out soon.
NO 054 Come over (to) to visit
• ghé thăm
I hope you will come over to my house someday.
NO 055 Come up to happen; to become available; to be mentioned
• nảy sinh; lộ diện; được đề cập
He is always ready to help us whenever a problem comes up.
NO 056 Come up with to find/produce an answer
• nảy ra, nghĩ ra
She always comes up with amazing ideas.
Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1. The boy his bike when he tried to reach the top of the slope.
A. came from B. came in for C. came down with D. came off
2. Because of encouragements from his parents, he going to university.
A. carried on B. cheered up C. came off D. closed down
3. My son has a fever and needs to take these pills.
A. come over to B. come in for C. come down with D. come up with
4. He ran so fast that other students couldn’t him.
A. catch up with B. come in for C. cheer up D. close down
5. I have a idea that is quite suitable in this situation. Do you want to hear?
A. come in for B. come up with C. come down with D. come over to
6. The important experiments were by some famous professors.
A. carried out B. cheered up C. come off D. cleared up
7. Would you like to the new house I have just moved to?
A. come over to B. come in for C. come down with D. come up with
8. I a lovely old vase in the attic.
A. carried out B. cleared up C. closed down D. came across
9. His friends tried to after he had failed his exam.
A. catch him up B. clear him up C. come him up D. cheer him up
10. The vice-president came a lot of criticism after the scandal.
A. over to B. in for C. down with D. up with
G. IDIOMS:
1. I can’t stand Mr. Brian. He’s always blowing his own ________ telling everyone how good he is at everything.
A. balloon B. breath C. mind D. trumpet
2. The escaped prisoner fought ______ before he was finally overpowered.
A. head over heels B. tooth and nail C. heart and soul D. foot and mouth
3. I didn’t suspect anything at first, but when I noticed her going through the office drawers I began to smell ___.
A. a rat B. a pig C. a thief D. a culprit
4. Peter was born and brought up in Hastings and knows it like the __.
A. nose on his face B. tip of his tongue C. back of his hand D. hair on his head
5. I was already fed up with the job, but when the boss walked into my office and told me he expected me to work
overtime that was the ________. I quit.
A. final curtain B. last straw C. end of the line D. last waltz
19 E12_Handout_Unit 2

6. He has a quick temper and easily ___ off the handle.

A. leaps B. goes C. runs D. flies
7. Before she left for Australia, she promised her parents that she would drop them __ at least once a month.
A. a note B. a word C. the news D. a line
8. I was all set to take the job in Tokyo, but at the last minute I ___ and decided to stay in Britain.
A. pulled my finger out B. got cold feet C. held my horses D. called it a day
9. “What I’ve got to say to you now is strictly ___ and most certainly not for publication,” said the government
official to the reporter.
A. beside the point B. for the time being C. by the way D. off the record
10. I’ve never enjoyed going to the ballet or the opera; they’re not really my________.
A. piece of cake B. chip off the old block C. biscuit D. cup of tea
Idioms Meaning
1. blow one’s ……………… to talk about oneself or one's achievements especially in a way
that shows that one is proud or too proud.
2. fight tooth and ……………… to try very hard to get something you want
3. smell a ……………… to recognize that something is not as it appears to be or that
something dishonest is happening
4. know sth like the back of one’s ……………… to have very good and detailed knowledge of something
5. the last ……………… the latest problem in a series of problems, that makes a
situation impossible to accept
6. ……………… off the handle to react in a very angry way to something that someone says
or does
7. drop sb a ……………… to write someone a letter, especially a short informal one
8. get cold ……………… to feel too frightened to do something that you had planned to
do
9. off the ……………… given or made in confidence and not for publication.
10. one’s cup of ……………… something that someone likes or is good at

H. COLLOCATIONS: Put in the correct form of ‘make’ or ‘do’:

1. I haven’t eaten chocolate for three weeks, but it hasn’t any difference to my
weight!
2. If you’ll the dishes, I’ll sweep the floor.
3. Thanks for _ such lovely comments about my paintings! I’m really glad you like them.
4. Could you call the manager please? I’d like to a complaint.
5. I feel terrible! I really must some more exercise! Will you come for a run with me
tomorrow?
6. He’s volunteering at a homeless shelter because he wants to _ good.
7. She needs to a choice. Either move to Madrid or stay in London. She can’t keep
changing every week!
8. Let’s a date to meet and talk about your business idea. How about next Friday?
9. John a decision to take the bus, but it was so delayed that he wished he’d taken the
train.
10. Robert spent the weekend the gardening. He mowed the lawn and planted a lot of new
plants.
11. The child a face behind the teacher’s back.
12. It’s freezing! Let’s turn on the heating and a fire in the fireplace.
13. I’m not going to go ice skating! I’d only fall over and a fool of myself!
14. Could you possibly me a favour and bring dessert to my dinner party tomorrow?
15. When she was 40 she sold her business and a fortune. She now spends most of her
time at the beach.
16. Lucy helped the children to drawings of the flowers.
20 E12_Handout_Unit 2

17. Jill has to three exams this week, so I don’t think we’ll see her until next week.
18. I’m fine mum! There’s no need to call the doctor! Don’t a fuss.
19. John a joke at the start of the meeting, but nobody laughed.
20. I really need to some shopping this afternoon. We have no food in the house at all.

MAKE DO
1. cải thiện: ……………………………... 1. rửa bát: ……………………………...
2. nhận xét: ………………………... 2. tập thể dục: …………………………
3. phàn nàn: ……………………………... 3. làm việc tốt: …………………………
4. lựa chọn: ……………………………... 4. giúp đỡ ai đó: ……………………….
5. lên lịch hẹn: …………………………... 5. vẽ: …………………………………...
6. quyết định: ……………………………... 6. làm bài kiểm tra: …………………....
7. to produce an expression on your face to show that you do not like 7. đi mua sắm: …………………………
somebody/something or in order to make somebody laugh: ……………… 8. làm vườn: …………………………...
8. nhóm lửa: ……………………………...
9. xử sự ngốc nghếch: ……………………………...
10. kiếm được nhiều tiền: ……………………...
11. phản ứng thái quá: ……………………………...
12. pha trò: ……………………………...

I. CONFUSING WORDS
1. Who was ……………. for
(~ for sb/sth) chịu trách
1 responsible / rɪˈspɒnsəbl / the mistake?
nhiệm cho ...
2. The disease has proved
(~ to sb/sth) Phản hồi ……………. to the new
2 responsive / rɪˈspɒnsɪv / treatment.
tích cực với
3. We hope the party will be
3 successful / səkˈsesfl / (~in/at sth) Thành công ……………. in the elections.
4. The road remained closed
4 successive / səkˈsesɪv / Liên tiếp for the third ……………. day.
5. The company was very
5 appreciable / əˈpriːʃəbl / Đáng kể ……………. of my efforts.
6. There has been an
6 appreciative / əˈpriːʃətɪv/ (~ of sth) Trân trọng ……………. increase in
profits.
7. Who is your …………….
7 favourite / ˈfeɪvərɪt / Ưa thích
writer?
8. The report was very
(~ to/for sb/sth) thuận
8 favourable / ˈfeɪvərəbl / ……………. to the existing
lợi
government.
9. Children experience a lot of
Không có thật, tưởng
9 imaginary / ɪˈmædʒɪnəri / ……………. fears at this age.
tượng
10. You'll need to be a little
Ý tưởng mới mẻ, độc more ……………. if you
10 imaginative / ɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv /
đáo want to hold their attention.

Find and correct the mistake in each of the following sentences.

11. (A) Both parents are (B) equally (C) responsive for (D) raising the children.
12. (A) The company has (B) been (C) successive in (D) controlling costs.
13. (A) There has been an (B) appreciative (C) increase (D) in profits.
14. January (A) is my (B) least (C) favourable month of (D) the year.
15. (A) The equator is an (B) imaginative line (C) around the middle (D) of the earth.