Circulatory and respiratory system
Circulatory system
Oxygen rich blood and nutrients to
body cells.
Oxygen poor (more CO2) blood and Work close together
waste products away from body
cells.
route 1 Route 1 : between the
heart and the lungs
Route 2 : between the
lungs
heart and the rest of
the body.
heart
route 2 parts : (heart, blood and blood veins)
capillary artery
vein
Health issues Problems due to fatty deposits (PLAQUE)
against the walls of the arteries
Hypertension Stroke (shortage of O2 )
Normal blood Plaque Affected part of the brain
pressure High blood
pressure
Blood clot Artery
Heart attack (heart muscle do not
get enough O2)
Blood blockage
plaque Angina – slagaar gedeeltelik
artery partly blocked verstop
wall of artery
Trombose – slagaar
Thrombosis -- artery heeltemal verstop
completely blocked
Affected
artery lesion
Respiratory system
Asemhaling
Breathing: gas: uitruiling
exchange van lug
Voorsien
Providesselle
cellsvan
of O2 en
and tussen
betweendiethe
omgewing
environment(1) en
(1)die
verwyder
remove CO2 and the
longe (2)lungs (2)
Gaswisseling : uitruiling van
Gaseous Exchange:
nasal cavity gasse tussenofdie
exchange longsakkies
gases between
(3)
theen die bloedvate
alveoli (4) en
(lung sac)(3) dan
and
mouth
weer die bloedvate
the blood en
(veins)capillaries
windpipe (trachea)
and body cells.
liggaamselle
bronchial tube (bronchus)
lung
Respiration
glucose + energy + water +
oxygen carbon dioxide
Health issues Tumour due to
uncontrolled
division
Asma
Asthma
Lung cancer
Infected airways Normal airways
Infection of
the bronchi
extra
mucus
Asbestosis
Lesions due to
Brongitis
Bronchitis asbestos particles
Breathing
INHALATION EXHALATION
Air in Air out
Ribs up and Ribs down
out and in
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
bulge to top
flats down
Inter costal muscles and diaphragm pulls Inter costal muscles and diaphragm relax
together The volume of the chest cavity decrease
The volume of the chest cavity enlarge Lungs decrease automatically – pressure
Lungs increase automatically – pressure increases
decreases Air is forced out
Air is sucked into the lungs
Gaseous exchange (in the lungs)
Exchange of gasses
takes place because of
diffusion
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Breathing
ENERGY IS
USED FOR
BODY
PROCESSES
EAT
Carbon dioxide Glucose
and water and oxygen
Gas exchange at the cells
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
CIRCULATION
Blood vessels
ARTERIES : Thick muscle wall / blood away from heart / carry oxygen rich
blood except the lung artery
CAPPILARIES : Thinnest wall / exchange of substances
VENES : Contains valves / blood towards heart / bigger opening than
arteries / most of the veins carry oxygen poor blood except the
lung veins
ARTERIES VENES
capillaries
Thicker
muscle wall
contain
valves
Blood flows Blood flows
away from heart toward heart
Blood as seen with a microscope
1. Red blood corpuscles are disc-shaped and without nuclei.
The oxyhemoglobin in red blood corpuscles bonds with
the oxygen and transport oxygen to all parts of the body.
2. Blood plasma is the liquid part of blood taking nutrients
to the cells and also transport the waste products away
from the cells.
3. White blood corpuscles is bigger than red blood
corpuscles and defend the body against disease by
destroying germs.
4. Blood platelets are pieces of cells formed in the bone
marrow and plays a role in blood clotting.
Double circulation
POOR RICH Lung flow : Oxygen poor blood is
made oxygen rich at the lungs
LUNGS through gaseous exchange between
the capillaries and alveoli
Systemic flow : Oxygen rich blood
change to oxygen poor blood
through gaseous exchange between
the capillaries and body cells
BODY
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE HEART
LV – thicker wall
as RV ?
Answer : LV pumps
blood to whole body
Valves in the heart ?
Answer : So that blood
flows in 1-direction
only
TYPES OF BLOOD
Oxygen poor
Oxygen rich
HEART BEAT & PULSE
Pulse happens after each heart
beat when the muscles of the
arteries contracts and relaxes
New born baby : 120-160
Teenager : 75 – 110
Adult : 60 – 100
Adult athlete : 40 - 60
Exercise and heart beat
Activit Heart Heart Heart Heart
y rate A rate B rate C rate D
stage
Before 72 65 71 72
exercise
After 120 115 128 125
exercise
1. Represent the data in the table in the form of a bar
graph.
2. Name two control variables for this experiment.
3. Is the heart rate the dependent or the independent
variable ?
4. State a hypothesis for this investigation.
5. Which person’s heartbeat shows the biggest
difference before and after the exercise ?
6. Which person is the fittest ? Why do you say that ?
