Lecture 8
Patient Monitor
DR. MAHMOUD AL-RUMAIMA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
University Of Science & Technology
What is patient monitoring?
“Repeated or continuous observations or
measurements of the patient, his or her
physiological function, and the function of life
support equipment, for the purpose of guiding
management decisions, including when to make
therapeutic interventions, and assessment of
those interventions”
Present Parameters in Patient
Monitoring System
ECG
Temperature
Respiration Rate(RR)
Pulse Oximetry (SpO2)
Noninvasive BP
Invasive BP
End Tidal (ET)CO2
اشارة تخطيط القلب ()ECG
Waveform Normal ECG
Heart Rate( HR)
Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat measured
by the number of contractions of the heart per
minute (bpm)
A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from
60 to 100 beats a minute.
Temperature
Body temperature is a measure of the body's ability to
generate and get rid of heat.
Your body temperature can be measured in many
locations on your body. The mouth, ear and armpit are
the most commonly used places. Temperature can also
be measured on your forehead.
The normal body Temperature 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F)
Respiration
Directly from ECG electrodes
➢ Injection of small current and measurement of
chest resistance
Respiration belt
Respiration Rate (RR)
Respiratory rate: The number of breaths per
minute or, more formally, the number of movements
indicative of inspiration and expiration per unit time.
In practice, the respiratory rate is usually
determined by counting the number of times the
chest rises or falls per minute.
Normal respiration rates for an adult person at rest
range from 12 to 16 breaths per minute.
Pulse Oximetry
A pulse oximeter is the device that measures and displays
the oxygen arterial saturation. The study is called pulse
oxymetry.
Noninvasive monitoring of SaO2 by pulse oximetry is a
rapidly growing practice in many fields of clinical
medicine
The most important advantage of this technique is the
capability to provide continuous, safe, and effective
monitoring of blood oxygenation.
Pulse Oximetry Probe
Pulse oximeter sensors consist of a pair of small
and inexpensive R and IR LEDs and a highly
sensitive silicon photodiode.
96% and 99%
Pulse Oximetry Concept
The concept of oximetry is
based on the simplified
assumption that a hemolyzed
blood sample consists of a
two-component
homogeneous mixture of Hb
and HbO2, and that light
absorbance by the mixture of
these two components is
additive.
Blood Pressure (BP)
Blood pressure, measured with a blood pressure
cuff and stethoscope by a nurse or other health care
provider, is the force of the blood pushing against the
artery walls. The optimal BP is 120/80 mmHg
Non Invasive Blood Pressure Monitor (NIBP)
Invasive Blood Pressure
What are vital signs?
Vital signs are measurements of the body's most basic
functions. The four main vital signs routinely monitored
by medical professionals and health care providers
include the following:
➢ Body temperature
➢ Pulse rate
➢ Respiration rate (rate of breathing)
➢ Blood pressure (Blood pressure is not considered a
vital sign, but is often measured along with the vital
signs.)
Vital signs are useful in detecting or monitoring medical
problems. Vital signs can be measured in a medical
setting, at home, at the site of a medical emergency, or
elsewhere.
Patient Monitor components
User inputs Display
Patient information
Microprocessor
RAM
ROM
ADC
Sensors
Temp.
BP
SPO2
ECG
Patient Monitor components
مكونات جهاز شاشة مراقبة المريض
Block diagram of monitoring system
المخطط الصندوقي لنظام المراقبة
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