Venus Environmental Sustainability 1

Unit 1 the physical environment is called

(a) Ecosystem (b) Ecology
(c) Environment (d) Trophic stricture
Eco System
Ans.( )
10. The objective of environmental education is
multiple choice questions (a) Raise consciousness about environmental education
1. What causes pollution? (b) To teach environmentally appropriate behaviour
(a) Human activities (b) Trees (c) Create an environmental ethic that fosters aware-
(c) Both of these (d) None of these ness about ecological interdependence of economics,
Ans.(a) social and political
2. The term “Environment” means (d) All of the above
(a) Sum total of all conditions that the life and develop- Ans.(d)
ment of all organisms on earth 11. An ecosystem consist of
(b) A beautiful earth (a) Green plants and animals
(c) Earth and water (b) Green plants and decomposers
(d) A combination of plants and animals (c) Producers and consumers
Ans.(a) (d) Green plants, animals, decomposers and abiotic
3. Important abiotic factors in ecosystems include environment
which of the following? Ans.(d)
(a) Temperature (b) Water 12. The term Environment is derived from an old French
(c) Wind (d) Both (a) and (b) word “enviro” means
Ans.(d) (a) Outside (b) Surroundings
4. Which of the following are important biotic factors (c) Inside (d) Biotic community
that can affect the structure and organization of bio- Ans.( )
logical communities? 13. Most stable ecosystem is
(a) Nutrient availability, soil pH, light intensity (a) Forest (b) Desert
(b) Precipitation, wind, temperature (c) Ocean (d) Mountain
(c) Predation, competition, disease Ans.(a)
(d) all of the above 14. Hydrosphere includes
Ans.() (a) Animals (b) Soil
5. The term ‘Eco’ implies (c) Plants (d) Water bodies
(a) Environment (b) Ecotone Ans.(d)
(c) Ecotourism (d) Soil 15. Public awareness of environment creates____.
Ans.(a) (a) Environment protection
6. Elements of environment are (b) Environment degradation
(a) Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, Oxygen (c) Environmental improvement
(b) Nitrogen, Oxygen, Ozone (d) Environmental cultivation
(c) Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Ozone Ans.(a)
(d) Lithosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere and Bio- 16. Area of land, water and air where the life exists is
sphere called
Ans.(d) (a) Biosphere (b) Lithosphere
7. Lotic ecosystem refers to (c) Atmosphere (d) Hydrosphere
(a) Static water system Ans.(a)
(b) Ecosystem of flowing water 17. The three major living components of an ecosys-
(c) Ecosystem of estuaries tem are
(d) Deep marine water system (a) Producers, consumers and Decomposers
Ans.(b) (b) Producers, Autotrophs and Decomposers
8. Zone consisting air, water and soil is known as (c) Heterotrophs, Consumers and Reducers
(a) Hydrosphere (b) Atmosphere (d) Detritivores, Consumers and Phototrophs
(c) Lithosphere (d) Biosphere Ans.(a)
Ans.() 18. The layers of atmosphere consists of
9. Scientific study of the interactions of organisms with (a) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere and
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 2

Temperature 28. Increased skin cancer and high mutation rate are
(b) Hydrosphere and biosphere due to:
(c) Lithosphere and Hydrosphere (a) Acid Rain (b) Ozone Depletion
(d) Biosphere and Hydrosphere (c) CO2 Pollution (d) CO Pollution
Ans.(a) Ans.(b)
19. Atmosphere may extents to a height of about fol- 29. “Ozone Hole” is a_______.
lowing kms above the earth surface (a) Hole in the atmosphere
(a) 80 km (b) 8000 km (b) Destruction of ozone layer
(c) 800 km (d) 8 km (c) Hole in the hydrosphere
Ans.(a) (d) Hole in the troposphere
20. Lowest layer of atmosphere is called Ans.(a)
(a) Thermosphere (b) Stratosphere 30. Natural air pollutants are:
(c) Troposphere (d) Mesosphere (a) Pollen Grains
Ans.(c) (b) Gases of Volcanic Eruption
21. Which of the following is a possible producer in an (c) Aerosol
ecosystem? (d) Fluorides
(a) Plants (b) Animals Ans.(b)
(c) Human beings (d) Fish 31. The major types of pollution includes
Ans.(a) (a) air pollution (b) land pollution
22. The organisms which feed on dead organisms and (c) water pollution (d) all of above
excreta of living organisms are known Ans.(d)
(a) Decomposers (b) Consumers 32. The ‘global warming’ leads to
(c) Producers (d) Carnivores (a) low level of oxygen (b) high level of oxygen
Ans.(a) (c) floods and droughts (d) rain forests
23. Greenhouse effect is Ans.(c)
(a) Painting house green in colour 33. The causes of air pollution includes
(b) Wearing green colour dress (a) chlorofluorocarbon
(c) Having green room in the house (b) cars and motor vehicles
(d) Sun’s heat is trapped and not allowed to escape (c) power plants and industries
Ans.(d) (d) all of above
24. Greenhouse gases includes Ans.(d)
(a) CO2, Methane, Nitrous oxide 34. The addition of harmful substances that has bad
(b) CO2, Argon, Nitrous oxide effects on environment and living things is classi-
(c) CO2, Methane, Chlorine fied as
(d) CO2, Methane, Flourine (a) allotrophication (b) eutrophication
Ans.(a) (c) atmospheric pressure (d) pollution
25. “Greenhouse effect” with respect to global warm- Ans.(d)
ing refers to 35. The poisonous substances that can be present in in-
(a) Cooling & moist condition dustrial wastes does not includes
(b) Warming effect (a) phosphates (b) nitrates
(c) Increased rainfall & greenery (c) mercury and lead (d) oxygen
(d) Desertification Ans.(d)
Ans.(b) 36. Food security is_____
26. Atmospheric ozone layer which protect us from UV- (a) efforts to prevent food poisoning
B & C is getting depleted most by addition of (b) ensuring access to food to everyone
(a) Chloro fluorocarbon (b) Carbon monoxide (c) elements include availability, utilization, stability and
(c) Carbon dioxide (d) Sulphur dioxide access
Ans.( ) (d) More food production
27. Which one of the following is not a greenhouse gas? Ans.(b)
(a) Methane (b) CO2 37. Meeting the needs of the present without compro-
(c) Chlorofluoro carbon (d) Hydrogen mising the ability of future generations to meet their
Ans.(d) own needs is____.
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 3

(a) Sustainable development Ans.(d)

(b) Economic development 48. What causes pollution?
(c) Food security (a) Burning fuels (b) Factories
(d) Green consumption (c) Car exhaust (d) All of the above
Ans.(a) Ans.(d)
38. Which of the following are the largest contributors 49. Things you can do to decrease global warming
to global pollution? include
(a) Agriculture (b) Tourism (a) Reduce the usage of your air conditioner on high
(c) Industries (d) Service sector (b) Turn off your light when you are not using them
Ans.(c) (c) Use public transports instead of personal vehicles
39. CSR stands for for transportation
(a) Corporation Social Responsibility (d) All of the above
(b) Corporate Social Responsibility Ans.(d)
(c) Corporate Social Resonance 50. How are humans making greenhouse gases of our
(d) Coorperation Social Responsibility own?
Ans.(b) (a) Burning fossil fuels (b) Burning forests
40. Which is not a part of CSR? (c) With large scale agriculture
(a) product safety (b) consumer rights (d) All of these
(c) environmental policies (d) price fixing Ans.(a)
Ans.(d) 51. The two major impacts expected as a result of ris-
41. The portion of the earth and its environment which ing global temperatures are
can support life is known as (a) Higher water levels in lakes and streams but more
(a) Crust (b) Biosphere consistent flooding patterns
(c) Exosphere (d) Atmosphere (b) Regional climatic changes and a rise in sea level
Ans.( ) (c) Longer summers and drier winters
42. Study of inter-relationship between organisms and (d) Low water levels in lakes and streams and larger
their environment is called floodplains
(a) Ecology (b) Ecosystem Ans.(b)
(c) Phytogeography (d) Ethology 52. Which of the following effect is responsible for Glo-
Ans.(a) bal Warming?
43. Which of the following is the example of impact of (a) Greenhouse effect (b) Radioactive effect
development activities on hydrosphere? (c) Solar effect (d) Nuclear effect
(a) Air pollution (b) Soil pollution Ans.(a)
(c) Noise pollution (d) Water pollution 53. Which one of the following regions in India is a
Ans.(d) hotspot of biodiversity?
44. An example of natural pollutant is (a) Sundarbans (b) Western Ghats
(a) Forest fire (b) Natural Organic Decay (c) Eastern Ghats (d) Gangetic plains
(c) Volcanic eruptions (d) all of the above Ans.(b)
Ans.(d) 54. What would you do to prevent environmental
45. Global worming means damage?
(a) Increase in solar radiation (a) Plant trees (b) Halt deforestation
(b) Increase in Earths Body Temperature (c) Control pollution (d) All of the above
(c) Acid Rain Ans.(d)
(d) All the above 55. Carbon dioxide is primarily called a greenhouse gas
Ans.(a) because
46. To pollute, to corrupt (a) Traps heat (b) Traps light
(a) inchoate (b) adulterate (c) Traps warm currents (d) None of the above
(c) intimate (d) alienate Ans.(a)
Ans.(b) 56. Which of the following facts are incorrect?
47. Which is NOT a type of pollution? (a) Global warming is the rise in the average tempera-
(a) Dirt (b) Smog ture of the earth’s climate system
(c) Noise pollution (d) Light pollution (b) Eutrophication is observed in water bodies
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 4

(c) The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon Unit 2

(d) Ozone is harmless to breathe
Ans.(d)
Air Pollution
57. Biotic components include
(a) animals (b) plants
(c) bacteria and fungi (d) All the above multiple choice questions
Ans.(d) 1. SMOG is derived from:
58. Abiotic components include (a) smoke (b) Fog
(a) soil (b) water (c) Both A and B (d) Only A
(c) light (d) All the above Ans.(c)
Ans.(d) 2. SMOG is caused due to:
59. Aquatic Ecosystems depends on (a) Emissions from vehicles (b) From incinerators
(a) water (b) soil (c) Oil paints (d) All of the above
(c) sun light (d) plants Ans.(d)
Ans.(a) 3. Secondary air pollutant is:
60. Lentic aquatic system consists of (a) Ozone (b) Carbon monoxide
(a) Lake (b) Pond (c) Nitrogen Dioxide (d) Sulphur dioxide
(c) Both a and b (d) None of the above Ans.(a)
Ans.(c) 4. Which of the following is responsible for turning
61. Lotic aquatic system is yellow Taj Mahal?
(a) Creeks (b) Rivers (a) Nitrogen dioxide (b) Sulphur
(c) Streams (d) All the above (c) Chlorine (d) Sulphur dioxide
Ans.(d) Ans.(d)
62. Terrestrial ecosystem exists in 5. What is Air Quality Index?
(a) Land (b) Atmosphere (a) It tells about the sound pollution
(c) Galaxy (d) Universe (b) It measures air pollution mainly sulphur content in
Ans.(a) the air
(c) It measures ozone levels in your area
(d) It checks the colour of the air
Ans.(c)
6. What type of precautions will be taken to survive
when ozone level is high?
(a) Drive less (b) Stay hydrated
(c) Avoid using gas powered engines
(d) All the above
Ans.(d)
7. Which of the following particles is called the par-
ticulate pollutants?
(a) Ozone (b) Radon
(c) Fly Ash (d) Ethylene
Ans.(c)
8. Smoke, fumes, ash, dust, nitric oxide and sulphur
dioxide are the main sources of
(a) Primary Pollutants (b) Secondary pollutants
(c) Bio-Degradable Pollutants
(d) None of the above
Ans.(a)
9. Which of the following gas is more in percentage in
the air?
(a) Oxygen gas (b) Nitrogen gas
(c) Water vapour (d) Carbon dioxide gas
Ans.(b)
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 5

10. Increased levels of air pollution results in (a) Insecticides (b) Sewage
(a) Soil erosion (b) Global warming (c) Smoke (d) Loud speakers
(c) Respiratory problems (d) All of the above Ans.(c)
Ans.(c) 22. The rain in which acids are combined is classified
11. Which of the following gases are called Greenhouse as
gases? (a) acid rain (b) allotropic rain
(a) Methane (b) Nitrogen (c) fossil rain (d) deoxygenated rain
(c) Carbon dioxide (d) Both a and c Ans.(a)
Ans.(d) 23. Which of the following is management option for
12. Chlorofluorocarbon is used in air pollution?
(a) Refrigerators (b) Air conditioners (a) Regulations and standards
(c) Perfumes (d) All (b) Transport planning
Ans.(d) (c) Using CNG as fuel
13. Green House gas is (d) All of these
(a) Nitrogen (b) Oxygen Ans.(d)
(c) Methane (d) Carbon dioxide 24. A pollutant not released by exhaust of automobiles
Ans.(d) is
14. The major contributor of Carbon monoxide is (a) SO2 (b) CO
(a) Motor vehicle (b) Industrial processes (c) Fly Ash (d) Hydrocarbon gases
(c) Stationary fuel combustion Ans.(c)
(d) None of the above 25. ........is the main pollutant present in flue gases from
Ans.(a) blast furnace
15. Which gas is the major pollutant of air? (a) Carbon monoxide (b) Carbon dioxide
(a) Carbon monoxide (b) Nitrogen (c) Sulfur oxide (d) Fine dust
(c) Oxygen (d) Propane Ans.(d)
Ans.(a) 26. In a coal-fired power plant electrostatic precipita-
16. The increase in concentration of which gas is not tors are installed to control the emission of
responsible for Global Warming? (a) SO2 (b) NO2
(a) Sulphur dioxide (b) Nitrogen (c) SPM (d) CO
(c) Carbon dioxide (d) Methane Ans.(c)
Ans.(b) 27. Identify the aftermaths of acid rain from the fol-
17. What radiations are absorbed by CO2? lowing
(a) Ultrared radiations (b) Infrared radiations (a) Dissolving and washing away of nutrients from the
(c) Ultraviolet radiations (d) None of these soil
Ans.(b) (b) Increasing the acidity of soils, thereby hindering the
18. Which element is present in the exhaust of automo- growth of plants
biles? (c) Damaging the building materials/heritage sites
(a) Lead (b) Calcium (d) All of the above
(c) Chromium (d) Magnesium Ans.(d)
Ans.(a) 28. Which out of the following is a measure to control
19. The solid or liquid particles dispersed in the air are air pollution
called (a) Reduction in use of fossil fuels
(a) oxides (b) acids (b) Increasing use of renewable energy resources
(c) hydrocarbons (d) aerosols (c) Using catalytic convertors in vehicles
Ans.(d) (d) All of the above
20. The major causes of air pollution include Ans.(d)
(a) burning of coal and petroleum 29. Which of the following air pollution control devices
(b) afforestation is suitable for the removing the finest dust from the
(c) deforestation air?
(d) recycling of paper (a) Cyclone separator
Ans.(a) (b) Electrostatic precipitator
21. Air pollution is caused by (c) Fabric filter
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 6

(d) Wet scrubber Pollution Act is

Ans.(b) (a) 1000 (b) 10000
30. Air pollution refers to the contamination of air by
(a) Harmful gases (b) Dust (c) 5000 (d) 1500
(c) Smoke (d) All the above Ans.(b)
Ans.(d) 40. Air pollution control devices are used to prevent pol-
31. Effects of air pollution are lutants entering the
(a) Acid rain (b) Climate change (a) Atmosphere (b) Water
(c) Global warming (d) All the above (c) Earth (d) None of the above
Ans.(d) Ans.(a)
32. The major contributor of Carbon monoxide is
(a) Motor vehicle (b) Industrial processes
(c) Stationary fuel combustion
(d) None of the above
Ans.(a)
33. The principal source of volatile organics (Hydro-
carbons) is
(a) Transportation (b) Industrial processes
(c) Stationary fuel combustion
(d) Volcanoes
Ans.(b)
34. Fugitive emissions consist of
(a) Street dust
(b) Dust from construction activities
(c) Dust from farm cultivation
(d) All of the above
Ans.(d)
35. What is Air Quality Index?
(a) It tells about the sound pollution
(b) It measures air pollution mainly sulphur content in
the air
(c) It measures ozone levels in your area
(d) It checks the colour of the air
Ans.(d)
36. Electrostatic Precipitator utilizes........for removing
the impurities, dust particles from the air.
(a) Electrical energy (b) Mechanical energy
(c) Kinetic energy (d) All the above
Ans.(a)
37. Air Prevention and Control of Pollution Act came
in the year
(a) 1970 (b) 1981
(c) 1991 (d) 2000
Ans.(b)
38. The main objectives of the Air Prevention and Con-
trol of Pollution Act are
(a) Prevention of air pollution
(b) Control of air pollution
(c) Abatement of air pollution
(d) All the above
Ans.(d)
39. Penalty imposed in Air Prevention and Control of
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 7

Unit 3 10. What is the permissible noise limit of 120 db?

(a) 30 minutes (b) 2 minutes
(c) 1 minute (d) 30 seconds
Ans.(d)
Noise Pollution 11. Ear muffs or Cotton plugs are used to reduce pollu-
tion of
multiple choice questions (a) Air (b) Noise
1. Noise is measured using sound meter and the unit (c) Thermal (d) Nuclear
is Ans.(b)
(a) Hertz (b) Decibel 12. Level of noise recommended in most countries is
(c) Joule (d) Sound (a) 30-40 dB (b) 95-100 dB
Ans.(b) (c) 85-90 dB (d) 75-80 dB
2. What is noise? Ans.(c)
(a) Desirable sound 13. Noise pollution can cause
(b) Desirable and unwanted sound (a) Hypertension (b) Hearing loss
(c) Undesirable and unwanted sound (c) Sleep disturbances (d) All of the above
(d) Undesirable and wanted sound Ans.(d)
Ans.(c) 14. Increased heartbeat, constriction of blood vessels
3. Which pollution cause hearing loss in organisms? and dilation of pupil are symptoms of
(a) Air pollution (b) Noise pollution (a) Sound pollution (b) Thermal pollution
(c) Water pollution (d) Soil pollution (c) Air pollution (d) Nuclear pollution
Ans.(b) Ans.(a)
4. Main sources of noise pollution are 15. Permissible noise levels in a residential area at night
(a) Transportation equipment time are:
(b) Musical instruments (a) 35 dB (b) 40 dB
(c) Heavy machinery (c) 45 dB (d) 50 dB
(d) A and C both Ans.(c)
Ans.(d) 16. What is the dB of a threshold of pain?
5. A safe level of noise depends on (a) 100 (b) 110
(a) Level of noise and exposure to noise (c) 120 (d) 146
(b) Area Ans.(d)
(c) Pitch 17. Noise pollution affects marine animals;
(d) Frequency (a) Blood circulation(b) gene pool
Ans.(a) (c) DNA transposition (d) behaviour
6. Sound which has Jarring effect on ears is Ans.(d)
(a) Noise (b) Music 18. Wildlife faces more problems than humans due to
(c) Pleasant sound (d) Soul music noise pollution, because animals dependent on
Ans.(a) (a) Noise (b) Sound
7. Sounds which are pleasant to our ears are called (c) Actions (d) Behaviour
(a) noise (b) Musical sounds Ans.(b)
(c) frequency (d) amplitude 19. What is the safe level of noise intensity for humans?
Ans.(b) (a) Up to 90 decibels (b) Up to 70 decibels
8. Following is used for measuring intensity of sound (c) Up to 80 decibels (d) Up to 60 decibels
(a) Sound level meter (b) Frequency meter Ans.(c)
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) all of the above 20. The noise pollution (regulation and control) rule is
Ans.(a) used for
9. Which of the following sound is pleasant to our ears? (a) Air pollution (b) Water pollution
(a) Heavy machinery (c) Noise pollution (d) None of the above
(b) Transportation equipment Ans.( )
(c) Loud noise 21. A loud speaker or a public address system shall not
(d) Music be used as per Act is
Ans.(d) (a) Between 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 8

(b) Between 5 a.m. to 10 a.m. Unit 4

(c) Between 6 p.m. to 11 p.m.
(d) Between 12 p.m. to 5 p.m.
Water and Soil Pollution
Ans.(a)
22. Permissible noise levels in a silent zone at night time
are: multiple choice questions
(a) 35 dB (b) 40 dB 1. What happens when human waste, industrial waste
(c) 45 dB (d) 50 dB and biological waste is dumped into the water.
Ans.(b) (a) Water pollution (b) Air pollution
(c) Noise pollution (d) All the above
Ans.(a)
2. Which of the following is major source of water
pollution?
(a) Industrial wastes (b) Untreated sewage
(c) Use of fertilizers (d) Toxic metals
Ans.(b)
3. BOD stands for
(a) Biological Oxygen Decrease
(b) Biotic Oxygen Demand
(c) Biological Oxygen Demand
(d) None of the above
Ans.(c)
4. BOD is used for the measurement of.....
(a) Atmospheric pollution (b) Soil pollution
(c) Water pollution (d) Nuclear pollution
Ans.(c)
5. A river with high BOD value means
(a) Highly polluted (b) Highly clean
(c) Highly productive (d) None of the above
Ans.(a)
6. Water pollution means such contamination of wa-
ter or such alteration of the
(a) Physical properties of water
(b) Chemical properties of water
(c) Biological properties of water
(d) All the above
Ans.(d)
7. Water pollution is caused by........
(a) CO (b) Fertilizers
(c) PAN (d) Fossil fuels
Ans.(b)
8. What does the Clean Water Act regulate?
(a) Discharges of pollutants to air
(b) Discharges of pollutants to soil
(c) Discharges of pollutants to waters
(d) Discharges of pollutants to landfills
Ans.(c)
9. Which of the following is a biodegradable
pollutant?
(a) DDT (b) Sewage
(c) CFC (d) Freons
Ans.(b)
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 9

10. Waste water treatment is a process used to remove (b) On channel storage of water
contaminants from (c) Creation of new water bodies
(a) Sewage (b) Clean water (d) Roof-top rainwater harvesting
(c) Distilled water (d) None of the above Ans.(d)
Ans.(a) 21. Rain water harvesting is a major method imple-
11. Domestic sewage is mented for
(a) Waste water generated from kitchens and bathrooms (a) Water Conservation (b) Soil Conservation
(b) Waste water from industries (c) Forest conservation
(c) Waste water from residential areas (d) Ecological conservation
(d) None of the above Ans.(a)
Ans.(a) 22. Rainwater harvesting is a simple strategy by which
12. Characteristics of water pollution is rainfall is gathered and stored for
(a) Bad odour (b) Bad taste (a) Future usage (b) Present use
(c) Change in Colour (d) All the above (c) Both a and b (d) None of the above
Ans.(d) Ans.(c)
13. Water pollution causes 23. Rainwater harvesting systems consists of the fol-
(a) Typhoid (b) Cholera lowing components:
(c) Hepatitis (d) All the above (a) Catchment
Ans.( ) (b) Conveyance system and Filter
14. The methods of treatment in which application of (c) Tanks and the recharge structures
physical forces predominate are known as (d) All the above
(a) Unit operations (b) Unit processes Ans.(d)
(c) Both a and b (d) None of the above 24. Eutrophication results from
Ans.(a) (a) Agricultural and sewage water
15. The methods of treatment in which chemical or bio- (b) Vehicle exhaust
logical activities are involved known as (c) Pesticides
(a) Unit operations (b) Unit processes (d) Industrial effluents
(c) Both a and b (d) None of the above Ans.(a)
Ans.(b) 25. The continent whose rivers are most polluted in
16. Removal of coarse and settle able solids by surface world is
straining (a) Africa (b) Asia
(a) Mixing (b) Flocculation (c) North America (d) South America
(c) Sedimentation (d) Screening Ans.(b)
Ans.(d) 26. The sediments in water blocks the
17. Removal of settle able solids and thickening of (a) Sunlight (b) Carbon dioxide
sludge (c) Ethane (d) Methane
(a) Mixing (b) Flocculation Ans.(a)
(c) Sedimentation (d) Screening 27. Use treated industrial wastewater for irrigation is
Ans.(c) example of
18. Removal of fine residual suspended solids remain- (a) Reduction at source (b) Recycling
ing after biological or chemical treatment (c) Recovery (d) Reuse
(a) Flocculation (b) Filtration Ans.(b)
(c) Micro screening (d) Flow Equalization 28. Which of the following is not pollutant causing wa-
Ans.(b) ter pollution?
19. Which of the following is not a way to conserve (a) Biodegradable organic waste
water? (b) Non-biodegradable organic chemicals
(a) Replace (b) Reduce (c) Inorganic substances
(c) Reuse (d) Recycle (d) None of these
Ans.(a) Ans.(a)
20. The method of rainwater harvesting which can be 29. Which of the following is not a method of water
adopted by individual house owners is conservation?
(a) Construction of recharge trenches (a) Rain water harvesting
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 10

(b) Ground water extraction 40. The pollution which occurs by poor disposal of waste
(c) Improving irrigation efficiency and rubbish is classified as
(d) Avoiding water wastage (a) Visual pollution (b) noise pollution
Ans.(d) (c) land pollution (d) thermal pollution
30. Aim of Water (prevention and control of pollution) Ans.(c)
act 1974 is to prevent 41. Overgrazing results in:
(a) Soil pollution (b) Air pollution (a) Soil erosion
(c) Water pollution (d) All the above (b) Retention of useful species
Ans.(c) (c) Productive soils
31. Soil pollution is caused by (d) All of the above
(a) Industrial Wastes (b) Detergents Ans.(a)
(c) Agrochemicals (d) All of these 42. Spraying of DDT to kill insects’ causes’ pollution
Ans.(d) of
32. The soil contamination can occur due to the (a) Air (b) Water
presence of (c) Soil (d) All of these
(a) Pesticides (b) Hydrocarbons Ans.(d)
(c) Load and mercury (d) All the above 43. Which out of the following are the causes of soil
Ans.(d) erosion?
33. Acid Rain comes under which type of pollution? (a) Unrestricted grazing (b) Over cultivation
(a) Water pollution (b) Air pollution (c) Deforestation (d) All of the above
(c) Soil pollution (d) Sound Pollution Ans.(d)
Ans.(c) 44. Soil salinization is a direct effect of
34. Acid rain mainly contains (a) Forestry (b) Mining
(a) Sodium chloride (c) Irrigation (d) Construction of roads
(b) Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen dioxide Ans.(c)
(c) Hydrochloric acid
(d) Carbon tetra chloride
Ans.(b)
35. The adverse effect of modern agriculture is
(a) Water pollution (b) Soil degradation
(c) Water logging (d) All of the above
Ans.(b)
36. Which of the following is the most environmental
friendly agricultural practice?
(a) Using chemical fertilizers
(b) Using insecticides
(c) Organic farming
(d) None of the above
Ans.(c)
37. Soil erosion removes surface soil which contains
(a) Organic matter (b) Plant nutrients
(c) Both a and b (d) none of the above
Ans.(a)
38. Afforestation is necessary for
(a) Soil conservation (b) Soil erosion
(c) Well control (d) Low humidity
Ans.(a)
39. The salinization of soil is classified as type of
(a) Land pollution (b) Light pollution
(c) Radioactive contamination
(d) Noise pollution
Ans.(a)
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 11

Unit 5 10. Which is a list of renewable resources?

(a) Petroleum, geothermal, wind
(b) Biomass, geothermal, hydropower
(c) Natural gas, wind, biomass
Renewable energy Resources (d) Hydropower, solar, wind energy
Ans.(d)
multiple choice questions 11. Which device is used to heat water using solar
1. The resources that can be replaced by natural energy?
ecological cycle is called (a) Solar water heater (b) Solar dryer
(a) Renewable (b) Non-renewable (c) Solar stills (d) All the above
(c) exhaustible (d) natural Ans.(a)
Ans.(a) 12. A solar still used to get
2. A resource that cannot be replaced in a reasonably (a) Steam (b) Ice
short time is usually referred to as (c) Pure water (d) All the above
(a) Renewable (b) Non-renewable Ans.(c)
(c) Natural (d) Man made 13. Which device that collects and/or concentrates so-
Ans.(b) lar radiation from the Sun
3. Resources that take too long a period of time to be (a) Solar battery (b) Solar collector
used as a resource are called as (c) Solar pipe (d) Solar glass
(a) Renewable resource Ans.(b)
(b) Non-renewable resource 14. A solar panel is made by combining in an arrange-
(c) Exhaustible resource ment
(d) Inexhaustible resource (a) Solar concentrator (b) Solar cookers
Ans.(d) (c) Solar cells (d) Solar chimney
4. Energy from the sun is called Ans.(c)
(a) Solar energy (b) Wind energy 15. Solar energy can be directly converted to electrical
(c) Geothermal energy (d) None of the above energy by which of the following devices?
Ans.(d) (a) Solar cooker (b) Solar heater
5. The main energy source for the environment is (c) Solar cell (d) Solar geyser
(a) Solar energy (b) Chemical energy Ans.(c)
(c) Bioelectric energy (d) Electrical energy 16. Which of the following is a renewable source of
Ans.(a) energy?
6. Energy in the rays from the sun is called (a) Coal (b) Uranium
(a) Solar energy (b) Wind energy (c) Wind (d) None of the above
(c) Tidal energy (d) Water energy Ans.(c)
Ans.(a) 17. Which of the following is not an inexhaustible form
7. The solar cell converts which energy into electrical of energy?
energy? (a) Water (b) Wind
(a) Chemical energy (b) Solar energy (c) Solar (d) Fossil
(c) Magnetic energy (d) None of the Ans.(c)
above 18. What is wind?
Ans.(b) (a) Air blowing very fast
8. The products which are helpful in harnessing solar (b) Air blowing very slowly
energy, are (c) Air blowing at a point
(a) solar furnaces (b) solar heaters (d) Still air
(c) solar cells (d) All of above Ans.(c)
Ans.(d) 19. Wind energy can be used to
9. Which of the following does not causes air pollu- (a) Generate electricity (b) Operate flour mills
tion when used for heating purposes (c) Draw underground water(d) All of the above
(a) Coal (b) Petrol Ans.(d)
(c) Kerosene (d) Solar energy 20. What type of energy is wind energy?
Ans.(d) (a) Renewable energy (b) Non-renewable energy
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 12

(c) Conventional energy (d) Commercial energy 31. Forces acting of the wind turbine blades are
Ans.(a) (a) Viscous force (b) Inertia force
21. What is the main source for the formation of wind? (c) Lift & drag (d) None of the above
(a) Uneven land (b) Sun Ans.(c)
(c) Vegetation (d) Seasons 32. Winds having following speed aer suitable to oper-
Ans.(b) ate wind turbines.
22. Which of the following source of energy caused by (a) 5 – 25 m/s (b) 10 – 35 m/s
uneven heating of earth’s surface (c) 20 – 45 m/s (d) 30 – 55 m/s
(a) Wind (b) Solar Ans.(a)
(c) Biomass (d) Geothermal 33. What is biomass energy?
Ans.(a) (a) Energy generated from the wind
23. Wind energy (b) Energy generated from plant and animal materials
(a) Is clean, almost free and domestically produced (c) Energy generated from a river
(b) Has higher cost comparatively (d) Energy generated from the heat of the Earth
(c) Develops power proportional to the power of the Ans.(b)
wind 34. Biomass can be converted to
(d) All of these (a) methane gas (b) ethanol
Ans.(d) (c) biodiesel (d) all of the above
24. In which region winds are stronger and constant? Ans.(d)
(a) Deserts (b) Offshore 35. When animals and plants are rotten in the absence
(c) Low altitudes sites (d) All of above of air, there produces a gas called
Ans.(b) (a) oxygen (b) carbon dioxide
25. Wind energy is harnessed as...........energy with the (c) bio gas (d) methane
help of windmill or turbine Ans.(c)
(a) Mechanical (b) Solar 36. Plants material and waste from living things are re-
(c) Electrical (d) Heat garded as
Ans.(a) (a) fossils fuel (b) bio mass
26. The following factor (s) affects the distribution of (c) coal (d) crude
wind energy Ans.(b)
(a) Mountain chains 37. Bio gas is a renewable source of
(b) The hills, trees and buildings (a) energy (b) heat
(c) Frictional effect of the surface (c) light (d) fossil
(d) All of the above Ans.(a)
Ans.(d) 38. BTU is measurement of:
27. Turbines blades have........type cross section to (a) Volume (b) Area
extract energy from wind. (c) Heat content (d) Temperature
(a) Aerofoil (b) Elliptical Ans.(c)
(c) Rectangular (d) All of the above 39. Both power and manure is provided by:
Ans.(a) (a) Nuclear plants (b) Thermal plants
28. How much wind power does India hold? (c) Biogas plants (d) Hydroelectric plant
(a) 20,000 MW (b) 12,000 MW Ans.(c)
(c) 140,000 MW (d) 5000 MW 40. Biogas contains mainly
Ans.(a) (a) Carbon dioxide (b) Methane
29. What are used to turn wind energy into electrical (c) Butane (d) Propane
energy? Ans.(b)
(a) Turbine (b) Generators 41. Biomass is used in the production of
(c) Yaw motor (d) Blades (a) Fibres (b) Chemicals
Ans.(a) (c) Transportation fuels (d) Bio-chemicals
30. Wind turbine uses Ans.(c)
(a) Kinetic energy (b) Potential energy 42. This is also called as a bio gas
(c) Thermal energy (d) Chemical energy (a) bio butanol (b) biodiesel
Ans.(a) (c) bio ethanol (d) bio methane
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 13

Ans.(d) nessed by the heat accumulated on the surface of

43. Living things are source of the water?
(a) fossils fuel (b) bio mass (a) Wind energy (b) Wave energy
(c) both a and b (d) coal (c) Ocean thermal energy conversion
Ans.(c) (d) Solar energy
44. The rise of sea-water during high tide is caused by Ans.(c)
the gravitational pull of the: 55. Which of the following has the lowest efficiency?
(a) Sun (b) Earth (a) Solar energy (b) Wind energy
(c) Moon (d) Mars (c) Wave energy (d) OTEC
Ans.(c) Ans.(d)
45. The only by-product of fuel cell is 56. Which among the following is not an adverse envi-
(a) acid (b) water ronmental impact of tidal power generation?
(c) gas (d) neutral chemicals (a) Interference with spawing and migration of fish
Ans.(b) (b) Pollution and health hazard in the estuary due to block-
46. The product of the reactants i.e. hydrogen and age of flow of polluted water into the sea
oxygen, is (c) Navigational hazard
(a) water (b) hydrogen peroxide (d) None of the above
(c) hydroxyl (d) trihydrogen oxide Ans.(d)
Ans.(a) 57. Tidal energy utilizes
47. One advantage of fuel cell is that it is (a) Kinetic energy of water
(a) radioactive (b) pollution free (b) Potential energy of water
(c) neutral (d) unreactive (c) Both (a) and (b)
Ans.(b) (d) None of these
48. Compared to combustion engines, the fuel cells are Ans.(b)
(a) less efficient (b) moderately efficient 58. The potential of developing tidal power in India is
(c) more efficient (d) more violent in
Ans.(c) (a) Kutch (b) Ran
49. In a fuel cell, electrical energy is produced by (c) San joe (d) Severn
(a) Reaction of hydrogen with oxygen Ans.(a)
(b) Thermionic action 59. Tidal energy uses power from the........to make
(c) Combustion of fuel in the absence of oxygen electricity?
(d) None of the above (a) ocean tides (b) moon
Ans.(a) (c) sun (d) wind
50. The conversion of energy takes place by reacting Ans.(a)
two elements i.e. 60. The rise and fall of ocean waters are referred to
(a) hydrogen and oxygen (b) oxygen and nitrogen as.......
(c) hydrogen and nitrogen (d) argon and radon (a) cycles (b) currents
Ans.(a) (c) tides (d) zones
51. Fuel cells are Ans.(c)
(a) Carbon cell (b) Hydrogen battery 61. .........are machines that change the power of mov-
(c) Nuclear cell (d) Chromium cell ing tidal water into usable energy.
Ans.(b) (a) Tidal windmills (b) Tidal turbines
52. A fuel cell, in order to produce electricity, burns: (c) Tidal engines (d) Tidal waves
(a) Helium (b) Nitrogen Ans.(b)
(c) Hydrogen (d) None of the above 62. Tidal energy is a farm of energy obtained from the
Ans.(c) (a) motion of surface water in ponds
53. The ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is (b) ocean in the form of tidal waves
uses (c) tides occurs in the river water
(a) Energy difference (b) Potential difference (d) motion of the wave in sea
(c) Temperature difference (d) Kinetic difference Ans.(b)
Ans.(c) 63. Tidal energy is harnessed by constructing a dam
54. Which is the type of energy where the energy is har- across
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 14

(a) Narrow opening to the sea Unit 6

(b) Wide opening to the sea
(c) The river in hilly trains
Solid waste Management
(d) The river in plane areas
Ans.(a) and Environmental Acts
64. Wave energy is caused due to
(a) Strong winds blowing across the sea multiple choice questions
(b) Kinetic energy possessed by huge waves near the 1. Solid-waste management is the
sea shore (a) Collecting of solid material
(c) Potential energy possessed by the stored water (b) Treating of solid material
(d) Both (a) and (b) (c) Disposing of solid material
Ans.(d) (d) All the above
65. Which of the following method of generating elec- Ans.(d)
tric power from sea water is more advantageous? 2. Major source of solid waste is
(a) Wave power (b) Ocean Currents (a) Residential (b) Biomedical
(c) Tidal power (d) None of these (c) Industrial (d) All the above
Ans.(c) Ans.(d)
3. Which is an important method of handling munici-
pal solid waste?
(a) Collection (b) Disposal
(c) Segregation (d) Burning
Ans.( )
4. Integrated SWM does not include
(a) Recycling (b) Reuse
(c) Prevention (d) Maximization
Ans.(d)
5. Which of the following statements is true about zero
waste management?
(a) Separate collection of each kind of waste
(b) Segregation of garbage at the source
(c) Community involvement
(d) All of the above
Ans.(d)
6. How many main components are there in integrated
waste management?
(a) Two (b) Three
(c) Seven (d) Eleven
Ans.(b)
7. Which integrated waste management is reduced on
an individual level?
(a) Burning (b) Disposal
(c) Recycling (d) Source reduction
Ans.(d)
8. Waste management does not include
(a) Prevention (b) Reuse
(c) Recycle (d) Disposal in sea
Ans.(d)
9. Which of the following wastes is called the Munici-
pal Solid Waste (MSW)?
(a) Food wastes (b) Wood pieces
(c) Plastic cans (d) All of the above
Ans.(d)
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 15

10. Environmental effect of municipal solid waste is (a) Sewage Waste (b) chemicals
(a) Acid rain (b) Increased health cost (c) electronics (d) concrete
(c) decline in crop production Ans.(d)
(d) Malaria 21. Any toxic and inflammable waste is considered as
Ans.( ) (a) Safe (b) Recyclable
11. Municipal waste include mainly........waste (c) Hazardous (d) Nonhazardous
(a) Mining (b) Industrial Ans.(c)
(c) Household (d) Construction 22. Which of the following is the oldest and the most
Ans.(c) common method used to dump solid wastes?
12. Non-biodegradable waste is......... (a) River (b) Ocean
(a) Paper (b) Fruits (c) Landfill (d) None of the above
(c) Vegetables (d) Dust Ans.(c)
Ans.(d) 23. The disposable wastes contain
13. Which waste arises from prospecting, extraction and (a) Solids (b) Slurries
treatment of minerals? (c) Liquids (d) All of the above
(a) Mining (b) Household Ans.(d)
(c) Industrial (d) Electronic 24. Find the correct statement
Ans.(a) (a) The waste from one process becomes the input for
14. The burning of solid waste is not recommended another process
because (b) All the processes related to consumption and pro-
(a) It is very costly duction produce some kind of waste
(b) It requires a lot of space (c) There is no real waste in nature
(c) It requires modern technologies (d) All of the above
(d) It causes several environmental issues Ans.(d)
Ans.(d) 25. Which of the following methods is better for the
15. Pollutants that are easily manageable and decom- solid waste problem?
posable in nature are called (a) Recycling (b) Landfilling
(a) Biodegradable pollutants (c) Both a and b (d) None of the above
(b) Non-biodegradable pollutants Ans.(a)
(c) Renewable pollutants 26. Using..........bags for shopping is advisable
(d) None of these (a) Plastic (b) Cloth
Ans.(a) (c) Rayon (d) Nylon
16. Which of the following is a biodegradable organic Ans.(b)
chemical/substance? 27. ...........is a waste disposal method where solid or-
(a) Plastics (b) Oils ganic wastes are converted to the residue and gas-
(c) Pesticides (d) Garbage eous products through combustion.
Ans.(d) (a) Incarnation (b) Incineration
17. Which of the following is a likely characteristic of (c) Incarceration (d) Incubation
hazardous waste? Ans.(a)
(a) Ignitability (b) Corrosively 28. The reduce, reuse and recycle principle by which
(c) Reactivity (d) all the above wastes can be reduced is classified as
Ans.(d) (a) waste organizer principle
18. ..........waste is waste that does not break down into (b) waste management principle
natural components (c) RE principle
(a) Non-biodegradable (b) Biodegradable (d) 3R principle
(c) Biomedical (d) Agricultural Ans.(d)
Ans.(a) 29. The 3R principles in waste management involves
19. ..........Waste can be used as compost in garden (a) Reduce, Regain, Reuse
(a) Toxic (b) Industrial (b) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
(c) Organic (d) Inorganic (c) Reduce, Reform, Reset
Ans.(c) (d) Reduce, Retain, Regain
20. Construction waste includes Ans.(b)
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 16

30. The most favorable option in waste management is (d) All of the above
(a) Reduce (b) Recovery Ans.(d)
(c) Landfill (d) Incineration 39. How can we reduce the amount of plastic bags used?
Ans.(a) (a) Bring a reusable bag to the store when shopping
31. ........is a key component of waste reduction (b) Carry a single item instead of using a bag
(a) Reuse (b) Recycle (c) Reuse a shopping bag
(c) Burning (d) Landfill (d) All of the above
Ans.(b) Ans.(d)
32. The most serious environmental effect posed by haz- 40. Which option is best for the environment?
ardous wastes is........ (a) Collecting lots of plastic bags and recycling them
(a) Air pollution (b) Collecting plastic bags and throwing them in the gar-
(b) Contamination of groundwater bage
(c) Increased use of land for landfills (c) Refusing plastic bags at the store because you brought
(d) None of these your own reusable bag
Ans.(b) (d) Taking a plastic bag and reusing it once
33. Buying products with less packaging is an example Ans.(c)
of 41. What does e-waste stand for?
(a) Good choice (b) Green living (a) Environment waste (b) Electronic waste
(c) Marketing (d) Selective behaviour (c) Equipment waste (d) None of the above
Ans.(b) Ans.(b)
34. Plastic pollution is the accumulation of 42. Which one of the following is not an E waste?
(a) Plastic objects (a) Plastic bag (b) TV
(b) Construction materials (c) Refrigerator (d) Mobile
(c) Sewage Ans.(a)
(d) None of the above 43. Electronic waste is the adverse effect of
Ans.(a) (a) Industry (b) Agriculture
35. Which of the following statements is incorrect for (c) Housing (d) Mining
plastic wastes? Ans.(a)
(a) It is used to make compost 44. Which of the following element/s is/are cause of
(b) It lasts for a longer period of time e-waste?
(c) Toxic fumes are produced when burnt (a) Lead (b) Cadmium
(d) All of the above (c) Beryllium, or Brominates flame retardants
Ans.(a) (d) All of the above
36. Why are plastics difficult to recycle? Ans.(d)
(a) Because it is a very hard material 45. How are electronic items dangerous?
(b) Because of the different sizes of plastic (a) They degrade over time, releasing cancer-causing
(c) Because it is very adhesive in its nature chemicals into the air
(d) Because of different types of polymer resins (b) Lead and mercury in components can cause meta-
Ans.(d) bolic changes in users
37. What can you do to help stop plastic pollution? (c) They leach toxic metals in landfills and into ground
(a) Reuse shopping bags water
(b) Use a steel, glass or bamboo straw (d) They create electromagnetic fields that interfere with
(c) Pick up any plastic litter you find animal reproduction
(d) All of the above Ans.(c)
Ans.(d) 46. What are the health hazards which can be caused by
38. What happens when plastic bags are lost as garbage E-Waste?
instead of being recycled? (a) Lung cancer (b) DNA damage
(a) They end up in the oceans and other waterways (c) Brain (d) All of the above
(b) They end up in landfill Ans.(d)
(c) More valuable resources must be taken from the 47. Which country produces the most e-waste per year?
environment in order to make new bags and plastic (a) India (b) China
products (c) USA (d) France
 Venus Environmental Sustainability 17

Ans.(b) (a) Increased transport cost (b) Smoke

48. Which of the following is the correct related to E- (c) Climate change (d) Malaria
waste? Ans.( )
(a) E-waste is a popular, informal name for electronic 58. The Environment protection Act was enacted in.......
products nearing the end of their “useful life (a) 1985 (b) 1988
(b) Computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, copiers, and (c) 1989 (d) 1986
tax machines are common electronic products Ans.(d)
(c) Both a and b
(d) None of the above
Ans.(c)
49. Which item is not an e-waste product?
(a) Radio (b) Phone
(c) Computer (d) Vacuum
Ans.( )
50. What is e-waste?
(a) Hazardous chemical waste
(b) Obsolete electronic equipment
(c) Waste from nuclear power generation Dear Students,
(d) Environmentally friendly waste  Venus Publication Question Bank are
Ans.(b) available at your nearest book store.
51. Which of the following is the authority to monitor
state industrial effluents?
All Question are important and taken from
(a) Centre for science and development MSBTE, JUT and Bihar SBTE.
(b) State pollution control board  For any query or problem , Please
(c) Indian environmental association whatapps on +91 9007069442.
(d) none of these
Ans.(b)
52. Environmental education is targeted to
(a) General public
(b) Technicians and scientists
(c) Professional social groups
(d) All of these
Ans.(d)
53. Environment Protection Act of 1986 is meant for
(a) Waste management (b) Desert management
(c) Forest management
(d) Protection of human environment including human,
plants, animals and property
Ans.(a)
54. Environment (Protection) Act came into force in?
(a) 1986 (b) 1989
(c) 1992 (d) 1993
Ans.(c)
55. World environment day is celebrated on
(a) June 5th (b) November 5th
(c) December 5th (d) April 5th
Ans.(a)
56. Environmental protection is the responsibility of
(a) Government of India (b) NGOs
(c) Individuals (d) All of the above
Ans.(a)
57. Economic effect of municipal solid waste is