ORIGINAL ARTICLE Vol 2, Issue 4 | 2023

Received: Accepted after revision: Published Online:

The Title Should be Concise and Informative with No

Abbreviation (Times New Roman 16, Bold & Center)
Kakar Kifayatullah1*, Rawan Ahmad Farid2, Rahmani Mohammad Malyar2, and Sherzad Abdul Ghafar 3
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Nangarhar University, Nangarhar, Afghanistan
2
Department of Pre-clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nangarhar University, Nangarhar, Afghanistan
3
Department of NTE, Faculty of Medical, Nangarhar University, Nangarhar, Afghanistan

*Corresponding author: kifayatullahkakar@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
‌Write a structured abstract ( Background, Materials and Methods, Findings, and Conclusion) Abstract is a
complex of four parts including background, materials and methods, findings, and conclusion. All the main text
of the manuscript should be writtin in Times New Roman at 10 font size. Headings should be bold, uppercase,
and 11 font size. Subheadings should be bold and italic with 10 font sizes. Materials and methods should be
concisely written here. The Abstract should be 250-300 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined
abbreviations. Important findings and results should be pointed out here. Original research articles and review
articles can be accepted after the peer-review process. A brief conclusion with the scientific contribution of the
study must be written here. The manuscripts can be submitted through nuijb@nu.edu.af. Other information
regarding Nangarhar University International Journal of Bioscience (NUIJB) can be found at
https://nuijb.nu.edu.af/index.php/nuijb.

Keywords: Generally, 3 to 5; choose your keywords carefully to reflect your paper’s content and easy
to find by search engines/ readers

INTRODUCTION bottom of the page. Manuscript should have line

The introduction should briefly place the study numbers. For an original research article, the
in a broad context and highlight why it is manuscript should be arranged in the following
important. It should define the purpose of the order: Title page (title, full author (s) name,
work and its significance (Kakar et al., 2019). author affiliation, and email of the
The current state of the research field should be corresponding author), abstract, keywords,
carefully reviewed and key publications cited introduction, materials and methods, results,
(Rahmani, 2020). Please highlight controversial discussion, conclusion, acknowledgments,
and diverging hypotheses when necessary conflict of interest and references. Tables and
(Kakar & Ahad, 2018). Finally, briefly mention figures with legends should be inserted in the
the main aim of the work and highlight the main text in order accordingly.
principal conclusions. As far as possible, please
keep the introduction comprehensible to MATERIALS AND METHODS
scientists outside your particular field of Study Area
research. The Materials and Methods should be described
with sufficient details to allow others to replicate
This section should point out the research gaps, and build on the published results. Please note
hypothesis, background, literature review, aim, that the publication of your manuscript implies
and objective of the study. Use 1.15 line spacing that you must make all materials, data, computer
throughout the manuscript in an A4 size, the code, and protocols associated with the
entire manuscript should not exceed 4-5 pages. publication available to readers. Please disclose
The margins should be 1 inch on all sides and at the submission stage any restrictions on the
the page number should be consecutively on the availability of materials or information. New

1
methods and protocols should be described in
detail while well-established methods can be
briefly described and appropriately cited.

Samples Collection
Interventional studies involving animals or
humans, and other studies that require ethical
approval, must list the authority that provided
approval and the corresponding ethical approval
code.
Figure 1. Shows a clear view of Afghanistan.
Statistical Analysis DISCUSSION
Statistical software, methods of analysis and Authors should discuss the results and how it
other relevant aspects should to be reported can be interpreted from the perspective of
clearly. All statistical methods should be pointed previous studies and of the working hypotheses
out clearly. (Rani & Kumar, 2019). The findings and their
implications should be discussed in the broadest
RESULTS
context possible. Future research directions may
Growth Parameters (sub heading)
also be highlighted (Wakiyama, 2016). The
This section may be divided by subheadings
result should be started from the main work until
(Table 1). It should provide a concise and
sporting results and must be equipped with a
precise description of the experimental results, discussion. Results and discussion may also be
their interpretation, as well as the experimental divided into concise and informative sub-
conclusions that can be drawn. All the relevant headings if required. The significance of the
Tables in Figures should be cited accordingly. work should be explored.
Table 1. Shows the effects of matters on CONCLUSION
production. This section is mandatory, with one paragraph to
Treatment Growth Yield Income conclude and summarize the main contents of
the articles and to highlight the final outcome of
Human 12 23 400 the research. The author(s) may also propose
Microbe 54 33 444 future work and further study at the end of the
conclusion section. This section can be added to
Plant 45 23 500
the manuscript if the discussion is unusually
Animal 13 23 400 long or complex.
Foot note of the table for statistical
ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Acknowledgments
description and abbreviation explanation.
of institutions, individuals, grants, funds, etc.
should be placed in a separate section ofthe
Yield Performance (sub heading) Manuscript. The names of funding organizations
After a Table or Figure, the main text can be should be written in full.
continued accordingly (Figure 1).
CONFLICT OF INTEREST: All authors
express no conflict of interest in any part of the
research.

FUNDING: This research received no external

funding.

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AUTHORS CONTRIBUTIONS: supervision, project administration and funding
Conceptualization, methodology, software, acquisition. All authors have read and agreed to
analysis, investigation, resources, original draft the published version of the manuscript.
preparation, review and editing, visualization,

REFERENCES D. (2019). Morphological analysis on

References should be written in the American comparison of organic and chemical
Psychological Association (APA) style. fertilizers on grain quality of rice at
American Psychological Association. (year). different planting densities. Plant
Article title: Capital letter also for subtitle. Production Science, 22(4), 510-518.
Name of Journal, volume#(issue#), pg#-pg#. Rani, R., & Kumar, N. (2019). On the causal
Author(s) of essay or chapter. (year). Title of dynamics between economic growth, trade
essay or chapter. In F. M. Lastname (Ed.), openness and gross capital formation:
Book title (pages of essay or chapter). evidence from BRICS countries. Global
Publisher. https://doi.org/10.xx.xxxxxxxxxx Business Review, 20(3), 795-812.
Use the American Psychological Association Wakiyama, Y. (2016). The relationship
(APA) style as given here: between SPAD values and leaf blade
Kakar, K., Nitta, Y., Asagi, N., Komatsuzaki, chlorophyll content throughout the rice
M., Shiotsu, F., Kokubo, T., & Xuan, T. development cycle. Botany, 12, 329-334.

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e-ISSN: 2957- .af UNIVERSITY
NANGARHAR 3
9988 (nuij INTERNATIOANL JOURNAL OF
BIOSCIENCES
b)