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‘K MALAY!
 SPEAK MALAY!
A course in simple Malay for
English-speaking Malaysians

EDWARD S. KING, B.A.(Hons.)

formerly Senior Lecturer in Linguistic Research,
Language Institute, Pantai Valley

The book of the radio programme

“Speak Malay!’
broadcast by Radio Malaya

EASTERN UNIVERSITIES PRESS SDN. BHD. (a

y IN ASSOCIATION WITH

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS LTD.

SBN 340 07897 9

Seventh impression 1973

Copyright © 1960 Edward S. King
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording,
or any information storage and retrieval system, without.
permission in writing from the publisher.

EASTERN UNIVERSITIES PRESS SDN. BHD.

In Association with
University of London Press Ltd.

Printed in Singapore by S’pore Offset Printing (Pte.) Ltd.

 PREFACE
This book has grown out of a series of programmes entitled
“Speak Malay! which I wrote for Radio Malaya, and
therefore shares both in the purpose and in the limitations of
the Radio Course. The idea behind both the Radio Course and
the present text-book is not only to provide the complete
beginner with a properly graded course in simple spoken
Malay, but also to help those English-speaking Asians who
already know a littie bazaar Malay to improve and increase
their knowledge and bring it more into line with a standard
acceptable to Malay ears. Both courses are designed to help
students to avoid the worst errors of bazaar Malay, a lingua
franca which most foreigners speak in the innocent belief that
they are speaking real colloquial Malay. For convenience of
reference I have grouped together some of the worst fallacies
of bazaar Malay in Appendix D.
The present volume, like the Radio Course, makes no pre-
tence at completeness. The scope of the Radio Course was
severely limited by the amount oftime avaiiable—five minutes
a day for three months. It is clearly impossible to introduce a
great deal of new material in the space of a five-minute broad-
cast, nor, indeed, is it desirable. It was therefore decided to
concentrate on teaching a small but useful vocabulary together
with the more important structures and patterns of spoken
Malay, thereby providing the student with a solid basis on
which to build for himself. I firmly believe that one of the main
reasons for much of the bad Malay spoken in Malaya to-day is
that in the past teachers have laid too much stress on vocabulary
and not enough on structure, that is, too many words and not
enough sentences.
This course is based entirely on the sentence, and it is there-
6 PREFACE

fore the sentences (Section A) of each lesson which are the most
important part of the course. An intelligent student who studies
the sentences carefully should be able to deduce the grammar
for himself. The method used is that of “unconscious assimila-
tion’: that is to say that the student assimilates the language
without realising it by means of the constant repetition of
dozens of sentences all following the same pattern. Every new
word is first introduced in a sentence or, more often, in several
sentences. The word lists (Section B in each lesson) are given
merely for the convenience of the student who wants to take
stock of the new material he has learnt. The grammar sections
(Section C in each lesson) are rather a commentary on the
sentences than a systematic grammar of the language. The
sentences are all-important and each set should be mastered
before the student proceeds to the next lesson. This does not
mean that they should be learnt by heart, but rather that they
should be so thoroughly understood that it is no effort to rattle
off others like them.
The course is arranged into weeks, each of five lessons; in
addition, at the end of each week comes a revision lesson with
translation and other exercises intended partly to give further
practice in what has been studied during the week and partly
to test the new-found knowledge. A key to these exercises has
been provided towards the end of the volume.
Generally speaking, new structures are introduced on Mon-
days and Wednesdays, Tuesday and Thursday being used for
practice in these new patterns and for the introduction of new
vocabulary; Friday serves as a revision for the week’s work.
Here and there it has been found necessary to depart from this
plan, for example in the teaching of the numerals and the way
to tell the time.
To round off the book a number of appendices has been
provided, each one dealing with some topic or other which for
one reason or another was not dealt with in the body of the
 PREFACE 7

course, Finally all the words in the course (about 650) together
with all those in the appendices, bringing the total to nearer a
thousand words, have been arranged into a Malay-English and
an English-Malay vocabulary at the end of the book.
My thanks are due to Radio Malaya, and in particular to
Zainal Alam for his unstinting help and guidance in the prepara-
tion of the original radio series and to Felix Puerto for so
gallantly fulfilling the role of guinea-pig in the experiment; to
Tony Beamish for his advice and encouragement; and also to
the staff of the Radio Malaya Station in Penang, who put in
many long hours in the recording studio; to the University of
London Press Ltd for being interested enough to publish the
volume; and last, but by no means least, to my wife for her
constant encouragement and support throughout the venture—
without her it is doubtful whether anything would have
come of it.
If this book helps to awaken the interest of but a single
student in the Malay language, and if it helps even a little in
the wider spreading of the Bahasa Kébangsaan among Malay-
ans, then my work will not have been in vain.
Kuala Lumpur ES.K.
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“<GinM, Rote» naseqnsti A,acndath of\t:30:-g0ibaebiee
hae “vov tu end orbrt Jer Hive sew ied le
BER. >. + oe ened perly tage
Die © | Sve callow <hertng the week end pee
— , ' i. ewe 4 ce te Mew hence Rl
_ ai oe =2 of Gee Penne. J Ss
beetreie se 7 ear one Ltrodieed. octet
D Wee seu Vierene® aot Pinredey ceng aol Tir,
718 A yrs aoe.) oe tie mnirodnctOr et ia
ivele: ereme as a pe ghoee far: Chetwgell ey
‘ 1 tot feel @ oleae’ to danert fone
” me tong oT the womens amp the !
way

hot @ ouetior- of apseiiions fang Same

i —-“AAl i PC 1h athir whack fat
“ desl eita in the hedy ot ties
‘~
 CONTENTS
Preface 5
Pronunciation of Malay 13
First Week: Lessons 1-5 US
Revision Lesson A 34

Second Week: Lessons 6-10 36

Revision Lesson B 45

Third Week: Lessons 11-15 47

Revision Lesson C 58

Fourth Week: Lessons 16-20 60

Revision Lesson.D 70

Fifth Week: Lessons 21-25 WP

Revision Lesson E 84

Sixth Week: Lessons 26-30 87

Revision Lesson F 100

Seventh Week: Lessons 31-35 102

Revision Lesson G 117

Eighth Week: Lessons 36—40 119

Revision Lesson H 129

Ninth Week: Lessons 41-45 132

Revision Lesson I 144

Tenth Week: Lessons 46-50 147

Revision Lesson J 162

Eleventh Week: Lessons 51-55 164

Revision Lesson K 7/9)
s.M.—1*
10 CONTENTS

Twelfth Week: Lessons 56-60 179

Revision Lesson L 191
Key to the Translation and Other Exercises 196
Appendix A Classifiers 211
Malay Names and Titles 215
The Malay Calendar 217
Malay Solecisms 218
Indonesian Spelling 221
tImyaw
Classified Vocabularies: 224
Colours, Parts of the Body, Clothing,
Animals, Birds, Insects, etc.,
Malayan Geography, House and
Garden, Food and Cooking
Malay-English Vocabulary 228
ma English-Malay Vocabulary 241
 ABBREVIATIONS USED
adj. adjective
adv. adverb
Cr (Latin) confer: compare
cl. classifier
intrans. intransitive
nD. noun
Tel, relative
q.v. (Latin) quod vide: which see
trans. transitive
vb. verb
 a sai),RADIAT: eth |
ans an wine

vi vos athe :
oe; fhe Wipe Codon
” whaegnen.teen ee:
fra ename Spememgeads-
i \ om Vatesay re
Frits desdhiienit
roa eV ly

ok Avi dt stan bgome Imes

rs 2 ve ana ord
~ A.
dv wee?
 THE PRONUNCIATION OF MALAY

The following notes make no pretence at being a dissertation

on Malay phonetics. They are merely intended to help the
student to avoid the worst faults made by non-Malay
speakers when speaking the language, and to provide him
with a pronunciation which, though not perfect, will be
understood.
No written description of the phonetics of a language can
ever take the place of the guidance of a native speaker. Imitate
as closely as you can the way in which your Malay friends talk,
even going as far as to copy their mannerisms and gestures.
They will not be offended: on the contrary, the more you speak
as they do, the more delighted they will be.
In pronunciation, perhaps even more than in grammar,
idiom and vocabulary, Malay varies greatly from place to
place. The following description is an attempt at a standard
which will be acceptable anywhere, but once again you are
advised to suit your Malay to the district in which you live.
If your Malay friends pronounce differently from the way
given here, then forget the book and imitate your friends.

Vowels
(1) A This letter stands for the sound of a in father,
although not so deep or long as the English sound;
it is similar to the u in but (southern English) or
almost identical with a in man as pronounced by a
Yorkshireman. Examples:
makan eat
pasar market
14 SPEAK MALAY!
At the end of a word, A is like the a in China:
ada to be
lada pepper

(2) E This letter stands for the sound of e in bed or, in

some parts of the country for the é of French été.
Examples:
meja table
lewat late
tengok look

G)E This letter stands for the sound of e in garden or of

ein butter. Examples:
bésar big
sédap tasty
ségan lazy

(4) 1 This letter stands for the sound of i in machine or

ee in feet. The sound is, however, shorter than the
English sound. Examples:
" manis sweet
minum drink
biji seed

(5)O This letter stands for a sound between the aw of law

and the oo of book. It is not so open as the o ofpot
and does not taper off into a diphthong as does the
o of southern English hope (ho-oop). The o of hope
as pronounced in the north of England, however,
comes very close to the Malay sound. Examples:
kosong empty
tolong help
kotor dirty
 SPEAK MALAY! 15
(6) U This letter stands for the sound of 00 in pool, but it
is a little shorter than the English sound. Examples:
lulus pass
tujoh seven
minum drink
Diphthongs
Malay has only two diphthongs—AI and AU:
(7) AI This combination is pronounced like the ai in
English aisle or the iin fine, except that it is shorter.
Examples:
sungal river
tangkai stem
bidai window blind
(8) AU ___This combination is pronounced like the ow of how.
Examples:
pulau island
daun leaf
gaun dress

Consonants
(9) B As in English; but pronounced as p at the end of a
word. Examples:
bapa father
bésar big
ménjawab answer (pron. ménjawap)

(10) CH_ English ch in church will do, but more accurately

this sound is nearer the front of the mouth than the
English ch. It is somewhere between ch of church
and ¢ of tube. Examples:
chari seek
chawan cup
kéchil small
16 SPEAK MALAY!

(11) D As in English; but pronounced as ¢ at the end of a

word. Examples:
hari ahad Sunday (pron. hari ahat)
Samad a man’s name (pren.
Samat)
ada have

(12) DZ This combination occurs only in Arabic words bor-

rowed into Malay. The Malays pronounce it like
the th in this. Examples:
Ramdzan the fasting month
Radzi a man’s name
(13) This letter stands for the English sound. The
Malays, however, have great difficulty in pronounc-
ing it as it is used only in Arabic words and does
not occur in pure Malay words. It is usually substi-
tuted by p. Examples:
fasal reason (usually: pasal)
Yusuf Joseph (often: Yusup)

(14) G Always as in go; never as in gem. Examples:

pérgi go
guru teacher
pagar fence

(15) GH This combination, again, stands for an Arabic

sound. It is the voiced counterpart of kh (q.v.) and
sounds rather like the French throat-r. The Malays,
however, often have difficulty in pronouncing it
themselves, and frequently substitute a simple g.
The student may safely follow their example. There
are no words in this course involving this sound, and
so youcan safely forget about it for the time being
at least.
 SPEAK MALAY! 17)
(16) H This represents the same sound as the English h.
There are, however, some differences in application:
(a) At the beginning of a word A in most cases may
be safely dropped in pronunciation; many
Malay dialects do this:
hari ~ day (or: ari)
hujan - rain (or: ujan)
hutan Jungle (or; utan)
(6) In the middle of a word between two identical
vowels, / is always clearly pronounced:
leher neck
tahan support
(c) In the middle of a word between two dissimilar
vowels, is often elided in pronunciation:
tahu know (or: tau)
tahun year (or: taun)
pahit bitter (or: pait)
(d) At the end of a word A must always be pro-
nounced quite clearly and on no account
omitted. This is quite difficult for English
speakers, who need to practise this carefully:
bélah side
marah angry
tujoh seven

(17) J Englishj in judge will do, but more accurately this

sound is nearer the front of the mouth than the
Englishj. It is somewhere between thejof judge and
the d of duty. Examples:
juta million
tujoh seven
jari finger
18 SPEAK MALAY!

(18) K Like the English k but without the puff of breath that
usually accompanies the English k. In English the
Malay sound occurs after s: compare cot (kot)
with Scot (skot). Examples:
kota fort
kampong village
kénduri feast
For k at the end of a word, see the note below on
the Glottal Catch.

(19) KH This combination represents the sound of the Scots

ch in loch or the German ch in Achtung. It is found
only in Arabic loan-words and is often substituted
by simple &. Examples:
khabar news (or: kabar)
hari khamis Thursday (or: hari kamis)

(20) L This is more or less like the English /. The “‘dark”’

/ of ball, couple, etc. does occur in some dialects but
is better avoided by the student. The clear / of leaf
should be used in all cases. Examples:
kapal ship
tinggal stay
leher neck
In Kedah, / at the end of a word is pronounced i.
Examples:
kapal ship (Kedah: kapai)
tinggal stay (Kedah: tinggai)
pukul strike (Kedah: pukui)
You should know this pronunciation and be ready
to recognize it; but do not use it unless you are
living in Kedah or Penang.
 SPEAK MALAY! 19
(21)M Just like English m. Examples:
minum drink
masam sour
manis sweet

(22) N Like English n. Examples:

nasi cooked rice
ini this
kénduri feast

(23) NY This combination stands for a sound similar to ni

in onion or 7 in news. It is exactly like gn in French
montagne or Spanish fi in sefior. Examples:
harga-nya the price
nyamok mosquito
banyak a lot

(24) NG This combination stands for the sound of ng in sing

or singer, never for the sound of ng in finger.
Examples:
bunga flower
Singapura Singapore
kampong village

(25) NGG This combination stands for the sound of ng in

finger and never for that of ng in sing or singer.
Examples:
ringgit dollar
tinggi tall
tinggal stay
20 SPEAK MALAY!

(26) P Like English p, but without the puff of breath that

usually accompanies English p. In English the
Malay sound occurs after s. Compare the p of pot
with the p of spot. Examples:

pintu door
pérgi go
pahit bitter

At the end of a word p is not exploded like the

English p. When an English speaker pronounces
stop he usually finishes up with his lips parted to
allow the puff of air to come out. When a Malay
says tangkap, however, he finishes up with his
mouth closed, the puff of aii not being allowed to
emerge. Examples:

tangkap catch
sédap tasty

PATINA RS This has at least two possible pronunciations in

Malay. The Engiish sound will not do. r may
either be trilled as in Scottish English (e.g. “‘verra
guid’’) or rolled in the throat as in German or
French. This latter sound is more common. r must
be pronounced at the end of a word and not elided
as in English. (For the final pronunciation used in
Kedah see the note on the Glottal Catch.) In the
prefixes bér- and pér- the r is usually silent when a
consonant follows. Examples:

roti bread
pagar fence
bérjalan walk (pron. béjalan)
pérmata jewel (pron. pémata)
 SPEAK MALAY! 21
(28) S Always as in soft, never as z as in rose. Examples:
manis sweet
masam sour
bésar great (does not sound like
bazaar)
In Kedah s at the end of a word is pronounced as
i or ih. This sound is very much like the ch of
German ich. Examples:
manis sweet (Kedah: manih)
pédas hot (Kedah: pédaih)
sa-ratus 100 (Kedah: sratuih)
Once again, this pronunciation should be known
and understood, but not imitated unless you are
living in Kedah or Penang.

(29) SH Like English sh but made farther forward in the

mouth. This sound is not native to Malay and
occurs mainly in loan-words from English or
Arabic. The Malays frequently substitute simple s
for it. Examples:
penshen pension
séteshen station
Shukor a man’s name

(30) T Like English t, but without the puff of breath that

usually accompanies English ¢. In English the
Malay sound occurs after s. Compare the ¢ of top
with the t of stop. Examples:
tujoh seven
timba bucket
tangkap catch
At the end of a word f¢ is not exploded like the
English t. The Englishman finishes a word like pot
2D. SPEAK MALAY!
by taking the tip of his tongue away from the gums
and allowing the air to escape. The Malay on the
other hand finishes a word like bukit without doing
this: he leaves his tongue in contact with his gums
or rather the roots of his teeth and does not allow
the air to escape. Examples:
bukit hill
parit ditch
kasut shoe

(31) W Like English w but a little looser. Examples:

warna colour
wayang gélap cinema
wak-wak gibbon

(32) Y Like English y in young. Never as y in thyme or

rhythm, of course. Examples:
wayang theatrical performance
yang which
kaya rich

(33) Z Like English z. It occurs only in loan-words, mostly

from Arabic—especially names. Examples:
Zakariah Zachary
zaman time
muzium museum

The Glottal Catch

The glottal catch (sometimes called the glottal stop) is the
little catch in the throat that the Cockney or the Glaswegian
uses in place of ¢ in a word like butter. It also occurs in very
careful speech in English in phrases like The India Office,
where it is used to separate the words by people who are afraid
 SPEAK MALAY! 23
to say The Yindia Roffice. It is a very common sound in Malay
and is spelt in various ways:
(a) At the end of a word the most usual spelling is k:
rokok cigarette (pron. roko’)
banyak a lot (pron. banya’)
(b) It is sometimes spelt with an apostrophe, and may then
occur either in the middle or at the end of a word:
i)
ta not
Sa’ad a man’s name
(c) It is not indicated at all in the spelling where two a’s
come together in words like:
kémérdekaan independence (pron.
kémérdeka’an)
pépéreksaan examination (pron.
pépéreksa’an)
(d) In Kedah final r is often pronounced as a glottal catch,
and ir as iak:
ayer water (Kedah: ayak)
pasir sand (Kedah: pasiak)
kotor dirty (Kedah: kotok)
The student should make every effort to use this glottal
catch when speaking Malay. It must never be omitted, especi-
ally at the end of a word. Banyak must not be pronounced
banya as if the k were not there, and rokok does not rhyme
with cocoa. It is better to pronounce the k fully in these cases
than to omit it altogether.

Stress
English has a verv strong stress accent on each word, cf.
winter, cOming, independence. Stress in Malay, although it does
exist, is not nearly so strong as in English. Indeed it is often
difficult to tell on which syllable of a Malay word the stress
24 SPEAK MALAY!
should come; even a Malay would sometimes be hard put to it
to tell you.
The strong stress of English has the effect of causing the
unstressed syllables to be “‘swallowed’’, e.g. the second syllable
in words like cduple, bottle. This never happens in Malay.
Kapal does not sound in the least like couple for instance. Each
syllable must be given its full value, the result sounding to
English ears as if the stress were equal on each syllable. The
stress is there, however, in the slight extra loudness given to the
appropriate syllable.
Most genuine Malay words (i.e. not borrowings) have two
syllables. If one of these two contains the vowel é then the
stress falls on the other:
bésar great
pédas hot
ségan lazy
When the word does not contain é, the stress is more usually on
the first syllable although this rule is not invariable:
banyak a lot
pagar fence
bilek room
The feeling for Malay stress is better learnt by experience
than by verbal description. When in doubt the student should
just stress each syllable equally and then he will never be wrong.
First Week LESSON 1: MONDAY

A. Sentences
Study carefully the following sentences and their English
equivalents, which are given opposite. For the moment learn
each sentence as a whole; concentrate on the meaning of the
whole sentence, and do not try to analyse it into separate
words:

Orang itu orang Mélayu. That man’s a Malay.

Orang itu orang China. That man’s a Chinese
Orang itu orang India. That man’s an Indian.
Orang itu orang puteh. That man’s a European.

Orang itu bukan orang That man’s not a Malay; he’s a

Mélayu; orang China. Chinese.
Orang itu bukan orang China; That man’s not a Chinese; he’s
orang India. an Indian.
Orang itu bukan orang India; That man’s not an Indian; he’s
orang puteh. a European.
Orang itu bukan orang puteh; That man’s not a European;
orang Mélayu. he’s a Malay.

Orang itu orang China? Is that man a Chinese?

Bukan; orang itu orang India. No, he’s an Indian.

Orang itu orang Mélayu? Is that man a Malay?

Orang Mélayu. Yes, he is.

B. Word List
bukan no, not orang man, person
itu that, those Mélayu Malay
26 SPEAK MALAY!
China China, Chinese India India, Indian
puteh white
orang Mélayu a Malay
orang China a Chinese
orang India an Indian
orang puteh a European (lit. a white man)
C. Grammar
(1) ORANG ITU ORANG MELAYU
Notice the structure of this sentence. Basically it consists of
NOUN plus NOUN, i.e. orang plus orang. After the first orang we
put the word itu (that) to show which person we are talking
about, i.e. that person, and after the second orang we place the
word Mélayu to indicate what kind of person we are talking
about. However, although the sentence would make no sense
without itu and Mélayu, this does not alter the structure of the
sentence, which remains NOUN plus NOUN. In reality orang itu
and orang Mélayu form NOUN-GROUPS and should be thought of
as units. The real point to notice is that the verb fo be is not
used in such sentences in Malay. Although English says that
man is a Malay, Malay simply says that man Malay man.

(2) ORANG ITU BUKAN ORANG MELAYU; ORANG CHINA

Sentences of the pattern described in (1) above are negated
by placing the word bukan between the two nouns or noun-
groups or, more accurately, by placing bukan immediately in
front of the second noun or noun-group.
Notice also the difference here in Malay and English idiom:
in English we say that man’s not a Malay, he’s a Chinese. In
other words we need a part of the verb fo be (in this case is) in
both parts of the sentence, whereas Malay needs the verb fo be
in neither part. In Malay we simply say, that man not Malay
man; Chinese man. This simplicity of expression runs right
through the language.
 SPEAK MALAY! P|
(3) QUESTIONS
There are several ways of forming questions from statements
in Malay and during the course we shall deal with all of them.
For the moment, however, let us confine ourselves to the
easiest, and incidentally the commonest, way of forming them.
To change orang itu orang Mélayu (that man’s a Malay) into a
question all we need to do is to raise the pitch of our voice at
the end of the sentence (indicated in writing by a question
mark), viz. orang itu orang Mélayu? (is that man a Malay ?).
Malay idiom differs here again from English in the answers
given to such questions. An example will suffice to make this
clear:

Orang itu orang Mélayu? Is that man a Malay?

Orang Mélayu. Yes, he is.
Bukan; orang China. No, he isn’t; he’s a Chinese.

First Week LESSON 2: TUESDAY

A. Sentences
Study carefully the following sentences and compare them
with those given in Lesson 1. You will find that they follow
exactly the same patterns that we have already studied.

Buah itu buah durian. That fruit’s a durian.

Buah itu buah limau. That fruit’s a lime.
Buah itu buah rambutan. That fruit’s a rambutan.
Buah itu buah manggis. That fruit’s a mangosteen.
Buah itu bukan buah durian; That fruit’s not a durian; it’s a
buah limau. lime.
Buah itu bukan buah That fruit’s not a rambutan;
rambutan; buah manggis. it’s a mangosteen.
28 SPEAK MALAY!
Daging itu daging lémbu. That meat is beef.
Daging itu daging babi. That meat is pork.
Daging itu daging kambing. That meat is mutton.
Daging itu bukan daging That meat is not beef; it’s pork.
lémbu; daging babi.
Daging itu bukan daging babi; That meat is not pork; it’s
daging kambing. mutton.

Buah itu buah manggis? Is that fruit a mangosteen?

Buah manggis. Yes, it is.
Daging itu daging lémbu? Is that meat beef?
Bukan; daging babi. No, it isn’t; it’s pork.

B. Word List
buah frui buah manggis mangosteen
buah durian buah limau lime
buah rambutan daging meat, flesh
daging lémbu lémbu Ox, COW
daging babi pork babi pig
daging kambing mutton kambing goat

C. Grammar
(4) Revise the grammar of Lesson 1.

(5) BUAH DURIAN

Notice the Malay idiom. In English it is enough to give the
name of the fruit—apple, pear, banana, etc.—buit, although we
can do this in Malay, too, it is better Malay to use the word
buah (fruit) as well. This idiom of using a generic term followed
by some word indicating a more specific meaning is very com-
mon in Malay. We see it again in the use of the word daging in
such expressions as daging lémbu, beef.
 SPEAK MALAY! 29
First Week LESSON 3: WEDNESDAY

A. Sentences
Orang Mélayu itu makan nasi. That Malay eats rice.
Orang China itu makan daging That Chinese eats pork.
babi.
Orang India itu makan daging That Indian eats mutton.
kambing.
Orang puteh itu makan daging That European eats beef.
lémbu.

Orang puteh itu tidak makan That European does not eat
buah durian. durians.
Orang Mélayu tidak makan Malays do not eat pork.
daging babi.
Orang India itu tidak makan That Indian does not eat beef.
daging lémbu.

Orang puteh itu makan daging Does that European eat beef?
lémbu ?
Makan. Yes, he does.
Orang Mélayu itu makan Does that Malay eat pork?
daging babi?
Tidak ;makandaging kambing. No, he doesn’t; he eats mutton.
Orang India itu makan daging Does that Indian eat mutton?
kambing?
Makan. Yes, he does.
Orang puteh itu makan buah Does that European eat
durian? durians ?
Tidak; makan buah rambutan. No, he doesn’t; he eats
rambutans.

B. Word List
makan eat
nasi (cooked) rice
tidak no, not, don’t, doesn’t
30 SPEAK MALAY!
C. Grammar
(6) ORANG MELAYU ITU MAKAN NASI
Here we have a new sentence pattern, viz. NOUN-GROUP plus
VERB plus NOUN-GROUP, in which the first NOUN OR NOUN-
GROUP is the subject of the verb which follows it, and the final
NOUN or NOUN-GROUP is the object of that verb. Such sentences
are, of course, equally common in English.

(7) ORANG PUTEH ITU TIDAK MAKAN BUAH DURIAN

Sentences of the pattern explained in (6) above are negated
by placing the word tidak (not) in front of the verb. The English
construction with the verb to do (e.g. I do not come, etc.) is
quite foreign to Malay. In colloquial speech tidak is usually
pronounced tak (usually written when required as fa’), except
in answer to questions and standing by itself with the meaning
“‘no’’, when it is usually pronounced dak. The spelling and pro-
nunciation tidak, however, is always correct.

(8) ORANG MELAYU TIDAK MAKAN DAGING BABI

Notice that Malay makes no distinction between singular
and plural.

(9) Malay verbs make no distinction in form between singular

and plural, neither do they change for person or tense.

(10) ORANG PUTEH ITU

Notice the order of the words making up this noun-group;
it is the reverse of the English order. From this we can deduce
the rule that in Malay adjectives follow their nouns, and words
like itu come last of all.
 SPEAK MALAY! 31
First Week LESSON 4: THURSDAY

A. Sentences
Orang itu orang China. That man’s a Chinese.
Dia bacha buku. He’s reading a book.
Dia bacha buku China. He’s reading a Chinese book.
Dia tidak bacha buku Mélayu. He’s not reading a Malay book.

Orang puteh itu tulis surat. That European’s writing a

letter.
Dia tidak bacha buku. He isn’t reading a book.
Orang Mélayu itu bacha surat That Malay is reading the
khabar. newspaper.
Dia bacha surat khabar He’s reading a Malay
Mélayu. _ newspaper.
Dia tidak bacha surat khabar He’s not reading a Chinese
China. newspaper.

Orang [India itu jual surat That Indian sells newspapers.

khabar.
Dia jual buku. He sells books.
Dia tidak jual daging. He doesn’t sell meat.
Orang Mélayu itu béli apa? What is that Malay buying?
Dia béli surat khabar. He’s buying a newspaper.
Orang China itu jual apa? What does that Chinese sell?
Dia jual daging babi. He sells pork.
B. Word List
dia he, she bacha read
buku book tulis write
surat letter khabar news
surat khabar newspaper jual sell
béli buy apa what

C. Grammar
(11) Revise the grammar of Lesson 3.
32 SPEAK MALAY!
(12) ORANG MELAYU ITU BELI APA?
Notice the order of words. Although this is a question, it
still keeps to the sentence pattern studied in (6) above, i.e.
SUBJECT-+ VERB-+OBJECT. Actually, in this case the English
order is also possible—apa orang Mélayu itu béli?

First Week LESSON 5: FRIDAY

A. Sentences
Orang itu orang laki-laki. That person is a man.
Orang ini orang pérémpuan. This person is a woman.
Budak itu budak laki-laki. That youngster is a boy.
Budak ini budak pérémpuan. This youngster is a girl.

Budak Jaki-laki China ini This Chinese boy is eating pork.

makan daging babi.
Dia tidak makan nasi. He’s not eating rice.
Di-mana dia béli daging babi Where did he buy that pork?
itu?
Dia béli di-kédai China. He bought it in a Chinese shop.
Di-mana kédai China itu? Where is that Chinese shop?
Kédai itu di-pasar China. That shop is in the Chinese
market.
Pasar itu pasar Mélayu. That market is a Malay
market.
Bukan. Pasar itu pasar China. No, it isn’t. That market is a
Chinese market.
Kédai itu kédai China. That shop’s a Chinese shop.
Bukan. Kédai itu kédai India. No, it iswt. That shop’s an
Indian shop.
 SPEAK MALAY! 33
Orang India itu jual buku dan That Indian sells books and
surat khabar. newspapers.
Orang China ini béli daging This Chinese is buying pork
babi dan buah rambutan. and rambutans.

B. Word List
laki-laki male pérémpuan female
budak youngster, child di-mana where
di- in, at kédai shop
pasar market, bazaar dan and
ini this, these

C. Grammar
(13) BUDAK LAKI-LAKI; BUDAK PEREMPUAN
As we have seen Malay does not usually bother to distin-
guish grammatically between the sexes, e.g. dia means either
he or she. Similarly budak may mean either boy or girl and
usually the context will be sufficient to tell us which is meant.
The same applies to orang (which can mean man or woman,
hence person) and many other words. If, for any reason, it
becomes important to specify the sex then the words Jaki-laki
(male) and pérémpuan (female) are added after the word whose
sex is in question. Laki-laki and pérémpuan are used only, how-
ever, to refer to human beings. To distinguish the sex of
animals the words jantan (male) and bétina (female) are used
in the same way. Colloquially, jantan is sometimes used instead
of laki-laki, but the beginner had better avoid this use for fear
of giving offence if he uses it in the wrong place.

(14) DI-KEDAI
Di- is a prefix and is hyphenated to the word which follows
it. It corresponds to various English prepositions according to
context, but most commonly it is equivalent to in or at.
S.M.—2
34 SPEAK MALAY!
(15) Notice that Malay does not normally have equivalents
for English a or an or the. There are ways of rendering these
English words, but we shall leave them until later. Kédai, there-
fore, may mean shop, a shop, shops, the shop, or the shops.

(16) DI-MANA KEDAI CHINA ITU?

Notice that the verb to be is not required in such sentences
as this in Malay.

First Week REVISION LESSON A: WEEK-END

A. Sentences
Revise all the sentences in Lessons 1-S.

B. Word List
Revise all the word lists in Lessons 1-5.

C. Grammar
Revise all the grammar sections (1-16) in Lessons 1-5.

D. Exercises
(1) Make up twenty sentences using the words and sentence
patterns you have so far learnt.
(2) Read the following conversation aloud, and then trans-
late it into English:

DI-PASAR
A. Pasar ini pasar Mélayu?
B. Bukan; pasar China.
A. Orang itu orang China?
B. Orang China.
 SPEAK MALAY! 35
. Apa dia jual?
. Dia jual daging.
. Daging apa dia jual?
Daging babi, daging lémbu dan daging kambing.
. Di-mana dia jual daging itu?
Di-kédai.
. Apa orang ini jual di-kédai ini?
. Dia jual buku dan surat khabar.
. Buku dan surat khabar Mélayu?
>D>
WD
W>
. Tidak. Dia orang China. Dia jual buku dan surat
khabar China.

(3) Translate into Malay:

(a) What does he sell in that shop?
(b) That girl is a Chinese.
(c) This boy is a European.
(d) This Indian girl eats rice and mutton.
(e) Where is that shop?
(f) What is that Chinese boy writing?
(g) He is writing a letter.
(h) Where does he buy pork?
(i) That woman is a Malay.
(j) That Malay woman is buying mutton in that shop.
Second Week LESSON 6: MONDAY

A. Sentences
Budak ini anak orang China This boy is the son of that
itu. Chinese.
Dia bukan anak orang India He is not this Indian’s son.
inl.
Rumah ini rumah orang puteh This house is that European’s.
itu.
Rumah ini bukan rumah This house is not this Malay’s.
orang Mélayu ini.
Di-mana rumah orang itu? Where is that man’s house?
Rumah dia di-pasar China. His house is in the Chinese
market.
Rumah ini rumah apa? What is this building ?
Rumah ini rumah sakit. This building is the hospital.
Orang India itu sakit. That Indian is ill.
Orang China itu tidak sakit. That Chinese is not ill.
Anak orang itu sakit. That man’s son is ill.
Dia di-rumah sakit. He’s in hospital.
Kéreta ini kéreta Jémbu. This vehicle is a bullock cart.
Kéreta itu kéreta api. That vehicle is a train.
Kéreta orang Mélayu itu That Malay’s vehicle is a
kéreta lémbu. bullock cart.
Kéreta ini bukan kéreta lémbu; This vehicle is not a bullock
kéreta api. cart: it’s a train.
 SPEAK MALAY! 37
B. Word List
anak child, offspring, anak laki-laki son
son, daughter anak pérémpuan daughter
rumah house, building _ sakit ill
rumah sakit hospital kéreta vehicle, car,
kéreta lémbu bullock cart cart
kéreta api train api fire

C. Grammar
(17) ANAK ORANG CHINA ITU
Possession, which in English is indicated by an apostrophe s,
by the use of the word of or by the use of a possessive adjective
such as my, your, his, etc., is expressed in Malay simply by
placing the person or thing possessed in front of the possessor.
Examples:
anak dia his son
buku orang itu that man’s books
kédai orang ini this man’s shop

(18) KERETA API

A similar construction to that in (17) above is used to form
compound words, which are very common in Malay. Examples:
kéreta api train (lit. vehicle of fire)
rumah sakit hospital (lit. house of sick
[people})
kéreta lémbu bullock cart
Note that in the case of compound words the word-order is
the reverse of that used in English.
38 SPEAK MALAY!

Second Week LESSON 7: TUESDAY

A. Sentences
Apa khabar ? How are you?
Khabar baik. I’m very well, thank you.
Saya orang Mélayu. I’ma Malay.
Saya tidak makan daging babi. I don’t eat pork.
Anak saya tidak makan daging My son doesn’t eat pork.
babi.
Bapa saya tidak makan daging My father doesn’t eat pork.
babi.
Emak saya tidak makan My mother doesn’t eat pork.
daging babi.
Kita makan daging lémbu dan We eat beef and mutton.
daging kambing.
Enche’ orang Mélayu? Are you a Malay?
Bukan. Saya orang China. No, I'm a Chinese.
Apa énche’ makan? What do you eat?
Saya makan daging babi. I eat pork.
Apa orang Mélayu itu makan ? What is that Malay eating?
Dia makan buah durian. He is eating a durian.
Apa orang India itu makan? What’s that Indian eating?
Dia makan buah manggis. He’s eating a mangosteen.
Apa orang puteh itu makan? What’s that European eating?
Dia makan daging lémbu. He’s eating beef.

B. Word List
baik good saya I, me
bapa _ father émak mother
kita we, us énche’ you
 SPEAK MALAY! 39
C. Grammar
(19) APA KHABAR?
Literally this means What is the news? The correct answer is
Khabar baik, literally the news is good. You should say this even
if the news is not good at all, but simply terrible! These two
expressions are the most common of all Malay greetings, and
can be used at any time of the day or night. They are therefore
equivalent to the English good morning, good afternoon and
good evening.

(20) ANAK SAYA

My son. This is the same construction as (17) in Lesson 6,
q.v.

(21) Revise the grammar of Lesson 6.

Second Week LESSON 8: WEDNESDAY

A. Sentences
Apa khabar, Che’ Zainal? Good evening, Mr Zainal.
Khabar baik, énche’. Good evening, sir.

Di-pasar China ini ada kédai In this Chinese market there is

makan. a restaurant.
Di-kédai makan itu ada orang In the restaurant there are
makan. people eating.
Di-pasar Mélayu ada orang In the Malay market are
jual buah. people selling fruit.
Di-Kuala Lumpur ada rumah In Kuala Lumpur there’s a
sakit. hospital.
40 SPEAK MALAY!

Di-rumah sakit itu ada orang In the hospital there are sick
sakit. people (or: patients).
Bapa saya ada di-Kuala My father is in Kuala Lumpur.
Lumpur.
Emak saya ada di-Batu Pahat. My mother is in Batu Pahat.
Anak saya ada di-Sérémban. My son is in Seremban.

Saya ada rumah di-pasar I’ve got a house in the Malay

Mélayu. market.
Dia ada kédai di-pasar China. He’s got a shop in the Chinese
market.
Enche’ ada kéreta? Have you got a car?
Ada. Yes, I have.
Bapa énche’ ada kéreta? Has your father got a car?
Tidak ada. No, he hasnt.
Bapa saya ada béskal. My father’s got a bicycle.

B. Word List
kédai makan __ restaurant ada to be; to exist;
orang sakit patient (n.) to have
béskal bicycle

C. Grammar
(22) ADA
The word ada has two principal uses:
(a) To express existence in a place:

Di-pasar China ada kédai makan.

In the Chinese market there is a restaurant.

Bapa saya ada di-Kuala Lumpur.

My father is in Kuala Lumpur.
 SPEAK MALAY! 41
(b) To express possession:
Saya ada rumah di-pasar Mélayu.
I’ve got a house in the Malay market.

Bapa saya ada béskal.

My father’s got a bicycle.

(23) ADA ORANG MAKAN

There are people eating. Although English must have the
present participle in such a sentence (viz. eating), the simple
verb is enough in Malay.

Second Week LESSON 9: THURSDAY

A. Sentences
Di-pasar Mélayu ada kédai In the Malay market is a coffee
kopi. shop.
Di-kédai kopi itu ada banyak In the coffee shop are a lot of
orang Mélayu. Malays.
Orang Mélayu itu makan nasi. They are eating rice.
Ada banyak orang Mélayu There are a lot of Malays
minum kopi. drinking coffee.
Orang Mélayu itu bérchakap They are speaking Malay.
bahasa Mélayu.

Di-pasar China ada kédai In the Chinese market is a

makan. restaurant.
Di-kédai makan itu ada In the restaurant are a lot o)
banyak orang China. Chinese.
Orang China itu tidak makan They’ re not eating rice; they’re
nasi; makan daging babi. eating pork.
S.M.—2*
42 SPEAK MALAY!
Ada banyak orang China There are a lot of Chinese
minum teh. drinking tea.
Orang China itu bérchakap They’re speaking Chinese.
bahasa China.

Orang India itu bérchakap That Indian speaks Tamil.

bahasa Tamil.
Dia tidak bérchakap bahasa He doesn’t speak English.
Inggéris.
Apa dia makan? What’s he eating?
Dia makan daging kambing. He’s eating mutton.
Apa dia minum ? What’s he drinking?
Dia minum ayer. He’s drinking water.
Sélamat tinggal! Good-bye!
Sélamat jalan, énche’! Good-bye, sir!

B. Word List
kopi coffee kédai kopi coffee-shop,
banyak a lot; café
much, many minum to drink
bérchakap speak bahasa language
bahasa Mélayu Malay bahasa China Chinese
bahasa Tamil Tamil bahasa Inggéris English
teh tea ayer water
sélamat peace, safety tinggal Stay, remain
jalan road, way Inggéris English

C. Grammar
(24) Revise the grammar of Lesson 8.

(25) BANYAK
Although banyak may correspond to the English much or
many, it is not an adjective, as the English words are. This can
clearly be seen from the fact that banyak always precedes the
word it “qualifies”; true Malay adjectives always follow their
 SPEAK MALAY! 43
nouns. Banyak is really a noun and its nearest English equiva-
lent is the colloquial a Jot.

(26) SELAMAT TINGGAL: SELAMAT JALAN

This is the commonest leave-taking formula in Malay. The
person going away says sélamat tinggal, which means peace
be on your staying or remain in peace; the person staying
behind says sélamat jalan which means peace be on your road
or go in peace.

(27) ENCHE’
We have already had this word with the meaning you. This,
however, is not its real meaning. Enche’ is the commonest
Malay title and corresponds to the English Mr or Sir. Malays,
however, do not like using the second-person pronoun you and
prefer to cail people either by their names or by their titles.
Hence énche’ often corresponds to you in English, and, for the
moment at least, you will be quite safe if you use it when
addressing a strange Malay.

Second Week LESSON 10: FRIDAY

A. Sentences
Siapa nama orang itu? What is that man’s name?
Nama dia Abdullah. His name’s Abdullah.
Dia orang Mélayu. He’s a Malay.
Dia bérchakap bahasa He speaks Malay.
Mélayu.
Dia ta’ tahu bahasa Tamil. He doesn’t know Tamil.

Siapa nama orang itu? What is that man’s name?

Nama dia Krishna. His name’s Krishna.
44 SPEAK MALAY!

Dia orang India. He’s an Indian.

Dia bérchakap bahasa Tamil. He speaks Tamil.
Dia ta’ tahu bahasa Inggéris. He doesn't know English.

Apa orang itu buat? What is that man doing ?

Dia makan nasi. He’s eating.
Dia dudok di-kédai makan He's sitting in the restaurant
makan nasi. eating.
Apa dia minum ? What's he drinking?
Dia minum teh. He’s drinking tea.

Siapa nama énche’? What's your name?

Nama saya Abdul Rahman. My name’s Abdul Rahman.

B. Word List
siapa who nama name
tahu know bua do, make
dudok

C. Grammar
(28) SIAPA NAMA ORANG ITU?
Notice the Malay idiom: wio is the name of that man? It is
also correct to say apa nama orang itu? but the form with
siapa is considered more polite.

(29) DIA MAKAN NASI

Notice that I have translated this by he’s eating and not he’s
eating rice. In Malay it is very rare to use a word like makan by
itself without an object. If the man is eating, he must be eating
something, and if he is a Malay the chances are that his meal
consists of rice. Makan nasi has, in other words, become a set
expression for having a meal and is used by Malays even when
the meal does not contain rice. This will not seem at all strange
to Chinese students who say just the same thing in Chinese
(Kuo-yli: chy-fann; Cantonese: sik-faan).
 SPEAK MALAY! 45

Second Week REVISION LESSON B: WEEK-END

A. Sentences

Revise all the sentences in Lessons 6-10.

B. Word List
Revise all the word lists in Lessons 6-10

C. Grammar
Revise all the grammar sections (17-29) in Lessons 6-10.

D. Exercises
(1) Make up twenty sentences using the words and sentence
patterns you have so far learnt.
(2) Read aloud the following conversation, which takes place
outside a restaurant:
. Apa khabar ?
Khabar baik.
. Di-mana ada kédai makan Mélayu?
Di-pasar Mélayu ada kédai makan Mélayu.
. Ada banyak orang di-kédai itu?
Ada. Ada banyak orang Mélayu di-kédai itu.
. Apa orang itu makan?
WwD>
>O>
W> Di-kédai itu ada orang makan nasi, ada orang makan
daging kambing, dan ada orang makan daging lémbu.
. Apa orang minum di-kédai makan itu?
Ww> Ada orang minum teh, ada orang minum kopi, dan
ada orang minum ayer.
. Ada orang makan buah?
Ada.
 SPEAK MALAY!

A. Buah apa orang makan di-kédai itu?

B. Ada orang makan buah durian, ada orang makan
buah manggis, dan ada orang makan buah rambutan.
A. Sélamat tinggal!
B. Sélamat jalan!
(3) Translate the conversation in (2) into English.
(4) Translate into Malay:
(a) What’s your name?
(b) My name is Ah Chong. I’m a Chinese.
(c) Do you eat pork? Yes, I do.
(d) Do you eat beef? No, I’m an Indian; Indians don’t
eat beef.
(e) What does that Chinese sell?
(f) He sells books and newspapers.
(g) Where is your father? My father is in Kuala Lumpur.
(h) Has your son got a car? No, he hasn’t.
(i) I’ve got a bicycle. I haven’t got a car.
(j) That Malay’s got a bullock cart.
Third Week LESSON 11: MONDAY

A. Sentences
Orang puteh itu suka makan That European likes eating rice.
nasi.
Orang puteh ini tidak suka This European does not like
makan nasi. eating rice.
Orang India itu mahu makan That Indian wants to eat rice.
nasi.
Orang China ini tidak mahu This Chinese does not want to
makan nasi. eat rice.
Orang China boleh makan Chinese can eat pork.
daging babi.
Orang Mélayu tidak boleh Malays cannot eat it.
makan.
Saya suka minum teh. I like drinking tea.
Saya ta’ suka minum kopi. I don’t like drinking coffee.
Dia manu minum ayer. He wants to drink waiter.
Dia ta’ mahu minum teh. He doesn’t want to drink tea.
Dia tahu bérchakap bahasa He knows how to speak
orang puteh. English.
Saya ta’ tabu bérchakap 1 dort know how to speak
bahasa China. Chinese.
Di-pasar saya ta’ boleh béli In the market I couldn’t buy
buah durian; buah durian any durians, there weren't
ta’ ada. any.
Buah manggis ada; énche’ There were some margosteens;
doleh béli buah manggis. you could have bought some
of those.
Orang itu tidak suka makan That man doesn't like eating
buah durian. durians.
48 SPEAK MALAY!

Dia orang puteh; banyak He’s a European, a lot of

orang puteh tidak suka Europeans don’t like eating
makan buah durian. durians.
Siapa suka makan buah Who likes eating durians?
durian?
Orang Mélayu suka makan. The Malays do.
Saya ta’ boleh dudok I can’t stay in Kuala Lumpur;
di-Kuala Lumpur; saya ta’ I haven't got a house.
ada rumah.

B. Word List
suka like mahu want
boleh can, be able tahu know (a fact); know
dudok sit; stay, live, dwell how to

C. Grammar
(30) SUKA MAKAN
Here we have two verbs dependent on one another. In Eng-
lish we have various ways of connecting two verbs together.
Examples:
he likes eating
he can eat
he wants fo eat
In Malay, however, the process is much easier: all we have to
do is to place the verbs side by side without any alteration in
form and without the insertion of a preposition. (Cf. the other
sentences in Section A of this lesson, containing the words
suka, mahu, boleh, and tahu.)

(31) BAHASA ORANG PUTEH

More accurately bahasa Inggéris. Bahasa orang puteh, how-
ever, is, very commonly used to mean English in colloquial
speech. Literally, of course, it means white man’s language.
 SPEAK MALAY! 49
(32) DI-PASAR SAYA TA’ BOLEH BELI BUAH DURIAN
Remember what you were told in Grammar Section (9):
there are no distinctions of tense or mood in Malay. It depends
entirely on the context of the Malay sentence which tense we
use to translate it in English. Cf. also énche’ boleh béli buah
manggis which in this context requires the conditional perfect
in English: you could have bought, etc.

(33) DUDOK
We have already had this word in its basic meaning of sit or
sit down. It also means stay in the sense of staying in a hotel,
for instance; not stay in the sense of staying behind, which is
tinggal. Dudok also means to live in the sense of to dwell, not
in the sense of being alive, which is hidup.

Third Week LESSON 12: TUESDAY

A. Sentences
Kélmarin saya mahu béli Yesterday I wanted to buy some
buah durian di-pasar. durians in the market.
Buah durian ta’ ada kélmarin. There weren't any durians
yesterday.
Saya ta’ dapat béli. I didn’t manage to buy any.
Hari ini saya chari buah Today I looked for durians.
durian.
Hari ini ada buah durian. Today there were some durians.
Saya dapat béli. I managed to buy some.
Besok saya mahu béli ikan Tomorrow I shall want to buy
dan daging di-pasar. fish and meat in the market.
Apa énche’ mahu béli What did you want to buy
kélmarin di-pasar? yesterday in the market?
50 SPEAK MALAY!
Saya mahu béli ikan. I wanted to buy fish.
Enche’ dapat? Did you get any?
Dapat. Yes, I did.
Enche’ chuba béli buah Did you try to buy mangosteens
manggis ké!marin? yesterday ?
Chuba; buah manggis ta’ ada Yes, I did; (but) there weren't
kélmarin. any mangosteens yesterday.
Enche’ tahu bérchakap bahasa Can you speak Chinese?
China?
Tidak; saya ta’ tahu. No, I can’t.
Enche’ ta’ boleh makan di- You can’t eat in that Chinese
kédai makan China itu.. resiaurant.
Orang kédai itu orang China. The man in that shop’s a
Chinese (or: the shop-
keeper’s a Chinese).
Dia ta’ tahu bérchakap He can’t speak Malay.
bahasa Mélayu.

Térima kaseh. Thank you very much indeed.

Baik-lah. All right (or: O.K.).

‘B. Word List

kélmarin yesterday hari ini today
besok tomorrow dapat get, receive,
chari seek, look for obtain; manage
chuba try ikan fish
térima receive orang kédai shopkeeper
-lah emphatic particle kaseh love (n.)
térima thank you very baik-lah all right, O.K.
kasen much indeed hari day

C. Grammar
(34) Revise the grammar of Lesson 11.
 SPEAK MALAY! 51
(35) HARI INI
Literally, this day.

(36) TERIMA KASEH

Literally, receive (my) love. This expression is used much less
by Malays than the English thank you. Strictly speaking it
should be used only to thank someone for a very special favour.
Malays indicate thanks more often with a gesture or a smile
than with words. Baik-lah is often used where we would use
thank you, in thanking a servant for bringing or doing some-
thing, for example. However, the use of térima kaseh is on the
increase, especially among Malays who know English, so it
will do no harm for the non-Malay to use it where he would
say thank you in his own language.

(37) BAIK-LAH
-lah added to a word emphasises it, so that baik-lah means
something like very good, and like the English very good (cf.
the military very good, Sir) it has come to mean all right,
or O.K.

Third Week LESSON 13: WEDNESDAY

A. Sentences
Saya pérgi ka-Kuala Lumpur. I’m going to Kuala Lumpur.
Saya datang dari Kuala I come from Kuala Kangsar.
Kangsar.
Kélmarin saya datang dari Yesterday I came from Alor
Alor Sétar. Star.
Hari ini saya dudok di-Ipoh. Today I am staying in Ipoh.
Besok saya pérgi ka-Kuala Tomorrow I am going to
Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur.
52 SPEAK MALAY!

Kélmarin Osman pérgi ka- Yesterday Osman went to the

pasar; dia mahu béli ikan. market; he wanted to buy
fish.
Kélmarin ikan ta’ ada Yesterday there wasn’t any fish
di-pasar. in the market.
Osman datang dari pasar ka- Osman came from the market
rumah saya. to my house.
Saya ta’ ada ikan; Osman ta
?
I didn’t have any fish; so Osman
dapat béli. didn’t manage to buy any.

Saya bagi surat kapada dia. I give a letter to him (or: I give
him a letter).
Saya dapat (or: térima) surat I get (or: receive) a letter from
daripada dia. him.
Besok saya ada ikan. Tomorrow I shall have some
fish.
Saya bagi ikan itu kapada Ill give the fish to Osman.
Osman.
Osman dapat ikan itu daripada Osman will get the fish from
saya. me.
Kélmarin saya dapat surat Yesterday I got a letter from
daripada anak saya di-Raub. my daughter in Raub.
Hari ini saya tulis surat Today I wrote a letter to my
kapada bapa saya di- father in Malacca.
Mélaka.
Bapa saya mahu pérgi My father wants to go to
ka-Kuala Lipis. Kuala Lipis.
Dia ta’ ada kéreta; ta’ boleh He hasn’t got a car; so he can’t
pérgi hari ini. go today.
Dari-mana énche’ datang Where did you come from
kélmarin ? yesterday ?
Kélmarin saya datang dari Yesterday I came from Kota
Kota Baharu. Bharu.
 SPEAK MALAY! 53
B. Word List
pérgi go datang come
Ka- to dari from
kapada to daripada from
Alor Sétar Alor Star bagi give; for
Mélaka Malacca dari-mana where... from;
Kota Baharu Kota Bharu from where; whence

C. Grammar
(34a) KA- and KAPADA
Both these words mean to. Ka- is used before names of
places, and kapada before words indicating people or animals.

(35a) DARI and DARIPADA

Both these words mean from. The difference is the same as
that between ka- and kapada, i.e. dari is used before places and
daripada before people and animals.

(36a) ALOR SETAR, MELAKA, KOTA BAHARU

Notice the difference in spelling between English and Malay.
In practice, however, Alor Star and Kota Bharu usually keep
the English spelling even in Malay texts. For the time being
the student should stick to the more correct Malay spelling.

(37a) PERGI
Usually pronounced pégi in careful speech. The -r- is pro-
nounced normally only in excessively careful speech, such as
might be used on very formal occasions, e.g. in the mosque. In
rapid colloquial speech pérgi is pronounced either pi or gi.

(38) KELMARIN
In ordinary conversation the -l- is usually silent. Pronounce
the word—kémarin. Indeed, it is often so written.
54 SPEAK MALAY!

Third Week LESSON 14: THURSDAY

A. Sentences
Dia naik kéreta. He travels by car.
Saya naik béskal. I ride a bicycle.
Bapa dia naik becha. His father rides in a trishaw.
Orang itu naik kapal. That man travels by ship.
Kita naik kéreta api. We are travelling by train.

Dia naik kéreta pérgi ka-Alor He goes to Alor Star by car.

Sétar.
Dia naik becha pérgi He goes to the hospital by
ka-rumah sakit. trishaw.
Dia naik kapal pérgi She goes to Singapore by ship.
ka-Singapura.

Baik kita bérchakap bahasa We had better speak Malay.

Mélayu.
Baik dia tulis surat: kapada Hed better write a letter to his
anak dia. son.

Becha! Mari ka-sini! Trishaw! Come here!

Enche’ mahu pérgi ka-mana? Where do you want to go to?
Saya mahu pérgi ka-pasar | want to go to the Malay
Mélayu. market.
Dari-sana saya mahu pérgi From there I want to go to the
ka-rumah sakit. hospital. }
Baik-lah, énche’, Enche’ All right, sir. You can go there
boleh naik becha saya pérgi in my trishaw.
ka-sana.

Orang itu ta’ tahu tulis. That man doesn’t know how to
write.
Orang ini ta’ tahu bacha. This man doesn’t know how to
read.
 SPEAK MALAY! 55
Bagi surat int kapada émak Give this letter to his mother.
dia.
Tulis surat kapada bapa Write a letter to your father.
énche’.
Emak saya ta’ suka naik My mother doesn’t like riding
béskal. a bicycle.
Dia suka naik kéreta. She likes travelling by car.

B. Word List
naik go up; ascend; mount; trayel by; ride (in, on)
becha trishaw; rickshaw kapal ship
Singapura Singapore baik had better, (39)
mari! come! (imperative) ka-sini (to) here; hither
ka-mana where... to; dari-sana from there; thence
whither ka-sana_ (to) there; thither

C. Grammar
(39) BAIK KITA BERCHAKAP BAHASA MELAYU
Notice this use of baik. When prefixed to a sentence like this
it corresponds in meaning to the English expressions had better,
it wouldn’t be a bad idea if, etc.

(40) NAIK KERETA

The basic meaning of naik is go up, ascend. From this mean-
ing comes (as in the case of monter in French) the derived
meaning of getting into or on to some conveyance or other,
hence to ride or to travel. The examples in Section A of this
lesson should give a sufficient idea of the variety of translations
naik may have in English.

(41) MARI
Datang is the only Malay verb with a special form for the
imperative mood. (The mood used to give orders and com-
mands.) Normally we simply use the plain form of the verb,
56 SPEAK MALAY!
e.g. tulis surat, write a letter. Datang, however, is never used
like this, mari being used instead. In colloquial speech,
especially in North Malaya, mari is used entirely in place of
datang, which sounds a bit bookish. Nevertheless, the student
is advised to reserve mari for giving orders, and datang for all
other cases.

Third Week LESSON 15: FRIDAY

A. Sentences
Saya mahu pérgi ka-rumah I want to go to the hospital to
sakit tengok bapa saya. see my father.
Di-Kuala Lumpur ada banyak Jn Kuala Lumpur there are
wayang gélap. many cinemas.
Saya mahu pérgi ka-Kuala I want to go to Kuala Lumpur
Lumpur tengok wayang to go to the cinema.
gélap.
Besok saya balek dari Kuala Tomorrow J shall return from
Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur.
Saya naik kéreta api balek I returned from Singapore to
dari Singapura ka-Johor Johore Bahru by train.
Baharu.
Saya bélajar bahasa Mélayu. Jam learning Malay.
Besok bapa saya mula bélajar Tomorrow my father will begin
bahasa Mélayu. to learn Malay.
Orang China itu tahu Does that Chinese know how to
bérchakap bahasa Mélayu? speak Malay?
Tidak; dia mula bélajar hari No, he’s beginning to learn
ini. today.
Saya mahu bélajar bahasa I want to learn Chinese and
China dan bahasa Tamil. Tamil.
 SPEAK MALAY! 57
Baik €nche’ pérgi ka-Kuala You'd better go to Kuala
Lumpur bélajar di-sana. Lumpur to learn them there.
Enche’ ada kéreta? Have you got a car?
Ada; saya naik kéreta pérgi Yes, I have; I'll go to Kuala
ka-Kuala Lumpur. Lumpur by car.
Di-mana saya boleh béli Where can I buy a car?
kéreta?
Baik €nche’ pérgi ka- You'd better go to Singapore;
Singapura; di-sana boleh you can buy one there.
béli.
Bapa dia balek dari Kuala His father is coming back from
Lumpur besok. Kuala Lumpur tomorrow.
Dia naik apa balek ka-sini? How is he coming back here?
Dia naik kéreta api balek He’s coming back here by
ka-sini. train.

B. Word List
tengok look at, see, watch wayang theatrical
gélap dark performance
balek — return, go back wayang gélap cinema
come back Johor Baharu Johore Bahru
bélajar Jearn mula begin
di-sana_ there

C. Grammar
(42) TENGOK
This word basically means /ook at, i.e. see with deliberation
as in the case of seeing a film or a play. See in the sense of
catch sight of or see without conscious effort is nampak in
Malay. Examples:
Saya nampak dia béli ikan.
I saw him buy fish (i.e. because I just happened to be there
and look in his direction).
58 SPEAK MALAY!
Saya tengok dia béli ikan.
I saw (i.e. watched) him buy fish.

(43) DIA NAIK APA BALEK KA-SINI?

Notice the construction—he mounting-what return hither?
Notice too how the construction is mirrored in the reply: dia
naik kéreta api baiek ka-sini, i.e. he mounting-train return
hither.

Third Week REVISION LESSON C: WEEK-END

A. Sentences
Revise all the sentences in Lessons 11-15.

B. Word List
Revise all the word lists in Lessons 11-15.

C. Grammar
Revise all the grammar sections (30-43) in Lessons 11-15.

D. Exercises
(1) Make up thirty sentences using the words and sentence
patterns you have already learnt.
(2) Read aloud the following conversation between a trishaw
pedaller and his customer:
A. Becha! Mari ka-sini!
B. Baik-lah, nche’. Enche’ mahu pérgi ka-mana?
A. Saya mahu pérgi ka-Kuala Lumpur. Saya mahu
tengok wayang gélap di-sana.
B. Baik-lah, énche’. Baik énche’ naik becha saya.
 SPEAK MALAY! 59
(Later)
B. Baik-lah, énche’. Di-sini wayang gélap. (Di-sini,
here.)
A. Baik-lah. Térima kaseh. Sélamat jalan.
B. Sélamat tinggal, énche’.
(3) Translate the conversation in (2) into English.
(4) Translate into Malay:
(a) How do you want to go to Singapore?
(6) I want to go by train.
(c) Don’t you want to go by car?
(d) No, I don’t. I don’t like travelling by car.
(e) My father returned from my mother’s house in Raub
to-day.
(f) This Malay boy wants to learn Chinese.
(g) He’d better go to Kuala Lumpur and learn it there
(h) My mother began to learn Tamil yesterday.
(i) Can you speak English? No, I can’t.
(j) I went to Singapore yesterday to buy a car (but) I
couldn’t get one.
(k) Write that Chinese a letter.
(1) I received a letter from my mother to-day.
(m) I gave him (some) durians to-day.
(n) To-morrow I shall get a letter from there.
(0) We’d better write him a letter.
Fourth Week LESSON 16: MONDAY

A. Sentences
Satu (sa-). One.
Sa-orang India. One Indian.
Sa-ekor lémbu. One cow.
Sa-orang budak laki-laki. One boy.
Dua orang budak laki-laki. Two boys.
Tiga orang budak laki-laki. Three boys.
Empat ekor lémbu. Four cows.
Lima ekor lémbu. Five cows.
Satu, dua, tiga, émpat, lima. V2, 3. oo
Dua orang Mélayu dan tiga Two Malays and three Indians.
orang India.
Sa-orang China dan émpat One Chinese and four Malays.
orang Mélayu.
Tiga ekor anjing dan lima Three dogs and five cats.
ekor kuching.
Sa-ekor lémbu, sa-ekor anjing One cow, one dog and one cat.
dan sa-ekor kuching.

B. Word List
satu (sa-) one dua two
tiga three émpat four
lima five orang classifier for human
ekor tail; cl. for animals beings
anjing dog kuching cat

C. Grammar
(44) SATU
This form of the word is used only before a noun which does
not have a classifier (see below), and when counting: one, two,
 SPEAK MALAY! 61
three, etc. In other words satu is usually used only by itself.
When it comes in front of another word, especially a classifier,
it is shortened to sa-.

(45) SA-ORANG BUDAK LAKI-LAKI

Normally a numeral cannot come directly in front of a noun
in Malay. A classifier, that is a word which tells what class of
things we are talking about, must be inserted between the
number and the noun enumerated. There are about forty of
these classifiers, but fortunately we can manage very well with
only four common ones, and we shall confine ourselves to
these four for the moment. We shall learn one or two others
later in the course, and a fuller list will be found in an appendix
at the end of the book. Two of these four common classifiers
refer to living creatures and two to inanimate objects. In this
lesson we shall deal with the first two.
We use classifiers to a limited extent in English, too. We
speak of twenty head of cattle, three pints of milk, etc., but
most of our English ones are really expressions of quantity.
The Malay ones, on the other hand, are more descriptive than
quantitative.
Orang, which itself means person, is used to connect numbers
to all words denoting persons. Strictly speaking, it should be
used in front of itself, e.g. dua orang orang but this sounds a
bit odd, and so Malays prefer to say simply dua orang, two
people. Examples:
sa-orang anak one child
dua orang budak _——two youngsters
tiga orang Mélayu three Malays
émpat orang four people
62 SPEAK MALAY!
(46) SA-EKOR LEMBU
Ekor basically means tail. Malays count animals by tails,
not heads. This is possibly more logical, except perhaps in
the case of a Manx cat or a guinea pig! Anyway, ekor is the
classifier for all non-human living creatures of the animal
kingdom. Examples:
sa-ekor kuching one cat
dua ekor lémbu two cows
lima ekor anjing five dogs

Fourth Week LESSON 17: TUESDAY

A. Sentences
Satu, dua, tiga, émpat, lima.
Enam, tujoh, lapan, sémbilan,
sa-puloh.
Sa-buah buku. One book.
Dua buah rumah. Two houses.
Tiga buah kéreta. Three cars.
Empat buah kapal api. Four steamships.
Lima buah Kéreta api. Five railway trains.

Enam biji buah rambutan. Six rambutans.

Tujoh biji buah durian. Seven durians.
Lapan biji buah limau. Eight limes.
Sémbilan biji buah manggis. Nine mangosteens.
Sa-puloh biji roti. Ten loaves of bread.

Bérapa biji buah manggis How many mangosteens do you

énche’ mahu béli? want to buy?
 SPEAK MALAY! 63
Saya mahu béli sa-puloh biji I want to buy ten mangosteens.
buah manggis.
Bérapa ekor kuching ada How many cats are there in
di-rumah énche’? your house?
Di-rumah saya ada tiga ekor In my house there are three
kuching. cats.
Enche’ ada bérapa orang How many children have you
anak? got?
Saya ada sa-orang anak I have one son and one
laki-laki dan sa-orang anak daughter.
pérémpuan.
Bérapa buah rumah énche’ How many houses have you
ada? got?
Saya ada énam buah rumah. I’ve got six houses.

B. Word List
énam Six tujoh seven
lapan eight sémbilan nine
sa-puloh ten buah cl. for big things
kapal api steamship biji seed; cl. for small
roti bread things
bérapa how much, how many

C. Grammar
(47) SA-BUAH BUKU
Buah, which we have already had meaning fruit, is used as a
classifier for large objects, anything from a book to a battle-
ship. Oddly enough, though, it is not used as a classifier for
fruit; biji (seed) is used instead. One fruit is sa-biji buah. See
(48) below. Examples:
sa-buah buku Mélayu one Malay book
dua buah kéreta two cars
tujoh buah kapal api seven steamships
64 SPEAK MALAY!
(48) SA-BIJI BUAH RAMBUTAN
Biji (seed) is the classifier for small objects like rambutans,
golf balls, and so on. It is also the classifier for the word buah
when it means fruit. Examples:
sa-biji buah durian one durian
sa-biji bola golf one golf ball

(49) LAPAN
Lapan is the colloquial form of délapan, which is dropping
out of use even in writing nowadays.

(50) BERAPA
Bérapa (how much, how many) is treated as a numeral and
requires a classifier. Examples:
bérapa orang budak? how many boys?
bérapa ekor anjing? how many dogs?
bérapa buah kapal? how many ships?
bérapa biji roti? how many loaves?

Fourth Week LESSON 18: WEDNESDAY

A. Sentences
Kélmarin saya naik kéreta Yesterday I went to the market
pérgi ka-pasar. by car.
Apa énche’ mahu béli What did you want to buy in
di-pasar? the market?
Saya mahu béli daging dan I wanted to buy meat and some
buah rambutan. rambutans.
Bérapa biji buah rambutan How many rambutans did you
Enche’ béli? buy?
Sa-puloh biji. Ten.
 SPEAK MALAY! 65
Bérapa buah kédai makan ada How many restaurants are
di-pasar ? there in the market?
Ada tiga buah kédai makan There are three restaurants
di-sana. there.
Sa-buah kédai makan Mélayu, Qne Malay restaurant, one
sa-buah kédai makan China, Chinese restaurant, and one
dan sa-buah kédai makan Indian restaurant.
India.
Enche’ makan di-kédai makan Did you eat in the Chinese
China ? restaurant?
Makan. Yes, I did.
Bérapa orang China ada di- How many Chinese were there
kédai makan itu kélmarin? in that restaurant yesterday?
Ada sémbilan orang China There were nine Chinese eating
makan nasi, dan tujoh orang rice, and seven Chinese eat-
China makan daging babi. ing pork.
Sa-bélas, dua-bélas, Eleven, twelve, thirteen.
tiga-bélas.
Empat-bélas, lima-bélas. Fourteen, fifteen.
Enam-bélas, tujoh-bélas. Sixteen, seventeen.
Lapan-bélas, sémbilan-bélas. Eighteen, nineteen.
Dua-puloh. Twenty.

Dua-bélas buah kéreta dan 12 cars and 19 bullock carts.

sémbilan-bélas buah kéreta
lémbu.
Dua-puloh ekor lémbu dan 20 cows and 13 dogs.
tiga-bélas ekor anjing.
Sémbilan-bélas biji buah 19 durians and 16 mangosteens.
durian dan énam-bélas biji
buah manggis.
Dua-bélas orang India dan 12 Indians and 14 Europeans.
émpat-bélas orang puteh.
S.M.—3
66 SPEAK MALAY!
B. Word List
sa-bélas eleven dua-bélas twelve
tiga-bélas thirteen émpat-bélas fourteen
lima-bélas jifteen énam-bélas sixteen
tujoh-bélas seventeen lapan-bélas eighteen
sémbilan-bélas nineteen dua-puloh twenty

C. Grammar
(51) -BELAS
Notice that the teens are formed simply by adding -bé/as to
the units. Satu as usual takes its shorter form, sa-.

(52) Revise the grammar of Lesson 16 and Lesson 17.

Fourth Week LESSON 19: THURSDAY

A. Sentences
Sa-puloh, dua-puloh, tiga- Ten, twenty, thirty.
puloh.
Empat-puloh, lima-puloh, Forty, fifty, sixty.
énam-puloh.
Tujoh-puloh, lapan-puloh. Seventy, eighty.
Sémbilan-puloh, sa-ratus. Ninety, one hundred.

Dua-puloh, dua-puloh satu, Twenty, twenty-one, twenty-

dua-puloh dua. two.
Dua-puloh tiga, dua-puloh Twenty-three, twenty-four.
émpat.
Dua-puloh lima, dua-puloh Twenty-five, twenty-six.
énam.
 SPEAK MALAY! 67
Dua-puloh tujoh, dua-puloh Twenty-seven, twenty-eight.
lapan.
Dua-puloh sémbilan, tiga- Twenty-nine, thirty.
puloh.

Sémbilan-puloh sémbilan buah 99 bullock carts.

kéreta lémbu.
Tujoh-puloh énam biji buah 76 rambutans.
rambutan.
Lima-puloh tiga orang 53 Malays.
Mélayu.
Sa-ratus lapan-puloh émpat 184 Chinese.
orang China.
Sa-ratus tiga-puloh sémbilan 139 head of cattle.
ekor lémbu.

Di-rumah sakit itu ada. sa- In that hospital there are 120
ratus dua-puloh orang sakit. patients.
Ada sa-ratus lima-puloh lima There are 155 passengers
orang pénumpang _ naik travelling on this train.
kéreta api ini.
Ada lapan-puloh tiga orang There are &3 Malay passengers,
pénumpang Mélayu, dua- 12 Indian passengers, and 60
bélas orang pénumpang In- Chinese passengers.
dia dan énam-puloh orang
pénumpang China.
Di-kédai kopi itu ada lima- In that coffee-shop there are 15
bélas orang Mélayu dan Malays and 6 Chinese drink-
énam orang China minum ing coffee.
kop.
Apa €énche’ béli di-pasar hari What did you buy in the market
ini? to-day?
Saya béli dua-puloh biji buah I bought 20 rambutans and 3
rambutan dan tiga ekor fish.
ikan.
68 SPEAK MALAY!
Enche’ béli télor? Did you buy any eggs?
Béli. Saya béii dua-bélas biji Yes, I did. I bought 12 eggs.
télor.
Apa lagi énche’ béli di-pasar? What else did you buy in the
market?
Apa lagi? Saya béli roti dan What else? I bought some
daging kambing. bread and some mutton.

B. Word List
tiga-puloh thirty émpat-puloh forty
lima-puloh fifty énam-puloh_ sixty
tujoh-puloh seventy lapan-puloh eighty
sémbilan-puloh ninety sa-ratus one hundred
ratus hundred penumpang passenger
télor egg lagi else, more, still,
yet

C. Grammar
(53) TIGA-PULOH
The tens are formed by adding -puloh to the units. Again
satu takes its short form sa-.

(54) DUA-PULOH SATU

Above twenty the numbers are formed asin English by simple
juxtaposition. The examples in Section A of this lesson will
make this clearer than a long explanation.
 SPEAK MALAY! 69
Fourth Week LESSON 20: FRIDAY
A. Sentences
Sa-orang Mélayu dan One Malay and one Indian.
sa-orang India.
Sa-ekor kuching dan sa-ekor One cat and one dog.
anjing.
Sa-biji roti dan sa-biji buah One loaf of bread and one
rambutan. rambutan.
Sa-buah kapal dan sa-buah One ship and one train.
kéreta api.

Sa-bélas biji buah rambutan 11 rambutans and 12 durians.

dan dua-bélas biji buah
durian.
Tiga-bélas buah kapal api dan 13 steamships and 14 cars.
émpat-bélas buah kéreta.
Di-Alor Sétar ada lima buah In Alor Star there are five
wayang gélap. cinemas.
Di-kédai makan ini ada In this restaurant there are a lot
banyak orang makan nasi. of people eating.
Bérapa orang ada? How many are there ?
Ada sa-bélas orang China, There are 11 Chinese, 7
tujoh orang Mélayu dan Malays, and 14 Indians.
émpat-bélas orang India.

B. Word List
No new words in this Lesson.

C. Grammar
(55) Revise the grammar of Lessons 16-19.
70 SPEAK MALAY!

Fourth Week REVISION LESSON D: WEEK-END

A. Sentences
Revise all the sentences in Lessons 16-20.

B. Word List
Revise all the word lists in Lessons 16-20.

C. Grammar
Revise all the grammar sections (44-54) in Lessons 16-19.

D. Exercises
(1) Make up twenty sentences using the material you have so
far learnt. Keep to the sentence patterns in the course;
it is unwise to try to invent your own at this stage.
(2) Read aloud the following conversation:

A. Enche’ pérgi ka-mana kélmarin?

B. Saya pérgi ka-Kuala Lumpur.
A. Apa énche’ buat di-Kuala Lumpur?
B. Saya pérgi ka-sa-buah kédai makan China.
A. Apa énche’ makan di-kédai makan itu?
B. Saya makan nasi, daging babi dan tiga biji buah
rambutan.
A. Ada banyak orang di-kédai itu kélmarin?
B. Ada. Ada émpat-bélas orang China makan nasi
di-sana; dan lagi ada dua-tiga orang puteh minum
kopi. Orang Mélayu dan orang India ta’ ada
kélmarin.
A. Enche’ balek hari ini?
B. Hari ini. Saya naik kéreta api balek ka-sini.
A. Enche’ tidak naik kéreta balek ka-sini?
 SPEAK MALAY! 71
B. Tidak. Saya ta’ ada kéreta. Kéreta saya, saya jual
kéimarin di-Kuala Lumpur.

(3) Translate the conversation in (2) into English.

(4) Insert the correct classifiers in the blanks:
(a) Saya ada tiga —— kéreta.
(6) Di-kédai itu ada lima —— Mélayu.
(c) Ada €mpat —— pénumpang naik kéreta itu.
(d) Bérapa —— buah durian énche’ béli di-pasar?
(e) Bérapa —— kuching énche’ ada di-rumah énche’?
(5) Read aloud (in Malay):
Sep ola] lon 23, 26, °33..44. 3557. OS. Liens,
80 84,150, 90.,93..95..99, 100, 106, 133,154. 167,178;
188, 190, 199.
(6) Translate into Malay:
(a) How many children have you got?
(5) ve got two sons and three daughters.
(c) My father has two cars.
(d) I ate seven mangosteens yesterday.
(e) That Malay has thirty head of cattle.
(f) There are fifty-three passengers travelling on that
train.
(g) That steamship has a hundred passengers.
(h) My mother bought twenty-four eggs in the Malay
market.
(i) My daughter likes eating eggs.
(j) In this hospital there are 150 patients.
Fifth Week LESSON 21: MONDAY

A. Sentences
Buah durian ini bérapa harga- How much are these durians ?
nya?
Buah durian ini harga-nya These durians are seventy cents
tujoh-puloh sen sa-biji. each,
Buku ini bérapa harga-nya? How much is this book ?
Buku ini harga-nya dua This book is $2.50.
ringgit lima-puloh sen.
Bérapa duit énche’ ada? How much money have you
got?
Saya ada sa-ringgit tiga-puloh I’ve got only $1.33.
tiga sen sahaja.
Sa-puloh sen. Ten cents (South Malaya).
Sa-kupang. Ten cents (North Malaya, esp.
Kedah and Penang).
Dua kupang. Twenty cents (North Malaya).
Buah durian itu bérapa How much are those durians?
_ harga-nya?
Durian itu harga-nya énam Those durians are sixty cents
kupang sa-biji. each (North).
Dan buah durian bésar ini And how much are these big
bérapa harga-nya? durians ?
Buah durian bésar ini lapan These big duriansare eighty-five
kupang lima sa-biji. cents each.
Daging lémbu itu bérapa How much is that beef a catty?
harga-nya sa-kati?
Daging l&mbu ini dua ringgit This beef is $2.10 a catty
sa-kupang sa-kati. (North).
Baik-lah! Bagi saya tiga kati. All right. Give me three catties.
Bérapa harga-nya itu? How much is that?
 SPEAK MALAY! 73
Tiga kati daging lémbu ini Three catties of this beef cost
harga-nya énam ringgit tiga $6.30.
kupang.
Daging kambing ta’ ada hari Haven't you got any mutton
ini? to-day ?
Hari ini ta’ ada. Kélmarin Not to-day. I had some yester-
ada. ‘day.
Daging kambing itu kélmarin How much was tke mutton
bérapa harga-nya? yesterday ?
Dua ringgit tiga kupang $2.30 a catty.
sa-kati.

B. Word List
harga price -nya its, his, her
harga-nya = cost sen cent
ringgit dollar sahaja_ only
kupang ten cents bésar __ big, large, great
kati catty* duit money

C. Grammar
(56) -NYA
This is a “softened” form of dia, and may be used instead of
dia except when dia is the subject. Examples:

buku-nya his book

tengok-nya look at him

In colloquial Malay, however, it is better to use -nya only as a

possessive (e.g. buku-nya, his book). Harga-nya is a set ex-
pression meaning literally its price but corresponding almost
to the English verb ‘“‘cost’’.

(57) SAHAJA
Usually pronounced saja.
* 3 catties— 4 pounds
S.M.—3*
74 SPEAK MALAY!
(58) SA-KUPANG
Unless the student is living in North Malaya, especially in
the states of Penang and Kedah, he had better avoid the use
of this word, which is just not understood by the majority of
southerners. Nevertheless do not forget the word, because you
will hear nothing else in the North, and you will need to know
how to use it if you are travelling or doing business in Penang
or Kedah. For that reason it is included in the lessons from
time to time to remind you of its existence.

Fifth Week LESSON 22: TUESDAY

A. Sentences
Enche’ pérgi ka-mana? Where are you going?
Saya pérgi ka-pasar; saya I’m going to the market; I want
mahu béli barang. to do some shopping.
Apa énche’ mahu béli What do you want to buy in the
di-pasar ? market ?
Saya mahu béli daging lmbu_ J want to buy some beef and
dan buah manggis. some mangosteens.
Baik kita pérgi ka-kédai We'd better go to that butcher’s
daging itu béli daging shop and buy the beef.
lémbu.
Baik-lah. Daging lémbu ada Yes, all right. Have you got any
hari ini? beef to-day?
Ada. Ada banyak daging Yes, we have. There’s a lot of
lémbu di-pasar hari ini. beef in the market to-day.
Daging lémbu énche’ bérapa How much is your beef to-day ?
harga-nya hari ini?
Sa-ringgit lapan-puloh sen $1.80 a catty. It’s very cheap.
sa-kati. Murah sangat.
 SPEAK MALAY! 75
Murah! Saya ingat sa-ringgit Cheap! I think $1.80 is very
lapan kupang mahal sangat. dear.
Bukan mahal; murah. Daging It’s not dear; it’s cheap. My
saya daging nombor satu. meat is the very best quality.
Baik-lah. Bagi saya dua kati. All right, then. Give me two
catties.
Bérapa harga-nya dua kati? How much is two catties?
Tiga ringgit €nam-puloh sen. $3.60.
Sékarang baik kita pérgi Now we'd better go to the fruit
ka-pasar buah-buah béli market and buy the mango-
buah manggis. steens.
Enche’ ada buah manggis? Have you got any mangosteens ?
Ada. Buah manggis harga-nya Yes, I have. They are thirty
tiga-puloh sen sa-puloh biji. cents for ten.
Buah manggis ini baik sangat; These mangosteens are very
bagi saya dua-puloh biji. good; give me twenty of
them.
Baik-lah, énche’. Dua-puloh All right, sir. Twenty will cost
biji harga-nya €nam-puloh sixty cents.
sen.
Enche’ mahu béli buah durian? Do you want any durians?
Tidak. Hari ini saya ta’ mahu No, I don’t want any durians
buah durian. today.

B. Word List
barang thing, goods, béli barang —_go_ shopping
luggage murah cheap
kédai daging butcher’s shop mahal dear, expensive
sangat very, very much nombor number
nombor satu first class, best sékarang now
quality pasar buah-
buah-buah — all kinds of fruit buah fruit market
76 SPEAK MALAY!
C. Grammar
(59) MURAH SANGAT
Sangat (very) normally follows the adjective or adverb to
which it refers. It can precede, but it is better when following.
When used with a verb, however, in the meaning of very much,
sangat usually goes before the verb. Example:
saya sangat suka makan daging lémbu.
I’m very fond of beef.

(60) BUKAN MAHAL; MURAH

An adjective is normally negated by tidak, e.g. daging ini
tidak mahal; but when the adjective negated is immediately
“corrected” by another adjective (as here), we must use bukan
in place of tidak.

(61) PASAR BUAH-BUAH

Reduplication is common in Malay, and has various func-
tions. We shall comment on each example as it occurs. In this
case the reduplication, as often, indicates “‘all different kinds
of”, and is appropriate here because in a fruit market we do
not expect to find only one kind of fruit. Sometimes this
particular expression adds a further suffix, -an, with no change
in meaning, viz. (pasar) buah-buahan.

Fifth Week LESSON 23: WEDNESDAY

A. Sentences
Saya héndak béli buah I’m going to buy some mango-
manggis. steens.
Besok saya héndak pérgi Tomorrow I’m going to go to
ka-pasar. the market.
 SPEAK MALAY! io
Orang itu héndak bacha buku That man is going to read my
saya. book.
Saya héndak tulis surat kapada I'm going to write a letter to
anak saya di-Alor Sétar. my son in Alor Star.

Besok saya nak pérgi ka-pasar. Tomorrow I’m going to go to

the market.
Orang itu nak bacha buku saya. That man is going to read my
book.
Saya nak tulis surat kapada I'm going to write a letter to
anak saya di-Alor Sétar. my son in Alor Star.

Saya nak bacha buku itu. I’m going to read that book.
Saya mahu bacha buku itu. I want to read that book.

Saya nak béli kéreta baharu. I'm going to buy a new car.
Saya mahu béli kéreta baharu. I want to buy a new car.

Besok saya nak béli daging Tomorrow I shall buy some

babi di-pasar China. pork in the Chinese market.
Besok saya mahu béli daging Tomorrow I shall want to buy
babi di-pasar China. some pork in the Chinese
market.

Enche’ nak ka-mana? Where are you off to?

Nak ka-mana? Where are you off to?
Saya nak ka-rumah sakit. I'm off to the hospital.
Kawan saya sakit. Saya ingat My friend is ill. I think he’s
dia nak mati. going to die.
Kélmarin saya nak pérgi Yesterday I was going to see
tengok dia, tétapi ada banyak him, but I had a lot of work,
kérja, ta’ dapat pérgi. and so I didn’t manage to go.
Tétapi hari ini istéri dia kata But today his wife told me that
kapada saya, dia nak mati. he was going to die.
78 SPEAK MALAY!

B. Word List
héndak (nak) going to, kawan friend
intend to, will, ingat think, remember
shall mati die, be dead
tétapi but kérja work (n.)
istéri wife kata say
kata kapada_ fell, inform nak ka- to be off to
baharu new

C. Grammar
(62) SAYA HENDAK BELI BUAH MANGGIS
Héndak in front of another verb indicates the intention of
performing whatever action is denoted by the verb in question.
It gives the following verb an almost future meaning, and is in
fact the nearest equivalent in spoken Malay to the English
future tense. Its meaning corresponds very closely to the
English to be going to.
In colloquial speech héndak is almost always pronounced
nak, and indeed is often so written.

(63) HENDAK and MAHU

These two words must not be confused. Mahu means want
and is never used in the future-sense of héndak.

(64) NAK KA-MANA?

In this very common idiom the verb pérgi is omitted, as it
often is when the preposition ka- is present. Nak followed by
ka- is more or less equivalent to the English off to.

(65) TETAPI
Colloquially usually pronounced tapi.
 SPEAK MALAY! a
Fifth Week LESSON 24: THURSDAY
A. Sentences
Bapa énche’ nak ka-mana Where was your father off to
kélmarin? yesterday ?
Dia naik kéreta nak pérgi ka- He was off to Kuala Lumpur by
Kuala Lumpur. car.
Dia nak buat apa di-sana? What is he going to do there?
Dia nak jual kéreta dia kapada He’s going to sell his car to one
sa-orang kawan dia. of his friends.
Macham mana dia nak balek How’s he going to get back
ka-sini? here ?
Dia nak béli sa-buah kéreta He’s going to buy a new car
baharu di-Kuala Lumpur. in Kuala Lumpur.
Enche’ nak ka-mana sekarang? Where are you off to now?
Saya nak ka-pasar béli barang. I'm off to the market to buy
some things.
Barang apa énche’ nak béli? What things are you going to
buy ?
Saya nak pérgi ka-sa-buah I’m going to a bookshop to buy
kédai buku-buku, nak béli a pen, some ink and some
kalam, da’wat dan kértas writing paper.
tulis.
Apa énche’ nak buat déngan What are you going to do with
barang itu? those things ?
Saya nak tulis surat kapada Im going to write a letter to
bapa saya di-Kota Baharu. my father in Kota Bharu.
Lépas itu, apa énche’ nak After that, what are you going
buat? to do?
Lépas itu saya nak makan nasi. After that I’m going to eat.
Enche’ nak makan di-rumah? Are you going to eat at home ?
Tidak, Saya nak makan di-sa- No. I’m going to eat in a.Malay
buah kédai makan Mélayu. restaurant.
Di-mana kédai makan itu? Where is it?
80 SPEAK MALAY!

Kédai makan itu ada di- It’s in the town; do you want to
pékan; énche’ mahu pérgi come too?
sama ?
Mahu-lah. Saya sangat suka Rather! I am very fond of
makan makanan Mélayu. Malay food.
Apa kita boleh makan di- What can we eat in that
kédai makan itu? restaurant ?
Kita boleh makan nasi déngan We can eat rice and curry.
gulai.
Bagus-lah. Saya sangat suka Splendid! I am very fond of
makan gulai Mélayu. Malay curry.
Tétapi gulai di-kédai makan But the curry in that restaurant
itu pédas sangat. is very hot.
Ta’ apa. Saya sangat suka It doesn’t matter. Iam very
makan makanan pédas. fond of hot food.

B. Word List
macham kind, sort, like, mana which
ass anit macham
kédai buku- mana how
buku bookshop kalam pen
kértas paper da’wat ink
déngan with kértas tulis writing paper
lépas itu. after that, lépas after, beyond
afterwards pékan town
sama together (with), pérgisama_ fo go too
along (with), datang sama fo come too
same, too gulai curry
makanan food pédas (pepper) hot
bagus splendid, fine, ta’apa it doesn’t matter,
beautiful, excellent not to worry
 SPEAK MALAY! 81
C. Grammar
(66) SA-ORANG KAWAN DIA
Note the Malay construction. Translate: one of his friends.
or a friend of his.

(67) BUKU-BUKU
All kinds of books. The same kind of reduplication that we
had in pasar buah-buah, cf. above (61). In a bookshop we
expect to find all kinds of books, and so the reduplication is
appropriate here.

(68) DI-RUMAH
Literally, in the house, this is the usual expression for at
home.

(69) ENCHE’ MAHU PERGI SAMA?

Notice the Malay idiom. Malays use pérgi (and not datang)
here because the two men have not yet started out. When they
arrive at their destination one of them will be able to say to
the other, énche’ datang sama, you came too.

(70) PEDAS
There are three words you will have to know in Malay to
render the one English word hot, viz.:
pédas hot, of curry, pepper, etc.
nangat hot, in most other ways (this is the most usual
word for hot)
panas hot, of something that has been standing in the
direct rays of the sun.
Examples:
Makanan ini ada banyak lada; pédas sangat.
There’s a lot of pepper in this food; it’s very hot.
Gulai Ceylon pédas sangat.
Ceylon curry is very hot.
82 SPEAK MALAY!

Ayer ini hangat.

This water is hot (because it has been boiled, etc.).
Ayer ini panas.
This water is hot (because it has been standing in the sun).
Panas hari ini.
It’s a hot day to-day (because the sun is beating merci-
lessly down, etc.).
Hangat hari ini.
It’s a hot day to-day (this implies that it is hot weather
even though the sun is hidden behind dense clouds).

(71) TA’ APA

One of the commonest expressions in everyday spoken
Malay. Literally meaning not anything, it has come to have the
same force as the French ¢a ne fait rien. In English it may be
translated in a dozen different ways according to the context,
e.g. it doesn’t matter, don’t bother, I couldn’t care less, not to
worry, etc., etc.
Short for tidak apa, its corrupted bazaar form tidapa has
given rise to the “English” word tidapathy, a word very ex-
pressive of the attitude of couldn’ t-care-less-ness that grips all
of us from time to time!

Fifth Week LESSON 25: FRIDAY

A, Sentences
Che’ Zainal nak-ka-mana? Where are you going, Zainal ?
Saya nak ka-pasar. I’m off to the market.
Saya boleh pérgi sama? Can I come too?
eoleh-lah. Apa Che’ Mat nak Of course you can. What do
béli? you want to buy, Mat?
 SPEAK MALAY! 83
Saya nak béli kalam baharu I am going to buy a new pen in
di-sa-buah kédai buku-buku. a bookshop.
Baik-lah, mari kita pérgi. All right; come on, let’s go.
Kédai ini kédai buku-buku; This shop’s a bookshop; you
boleh béli kalam di-sini. can buy pens here.
Kalam ini bérapa harga-nya? How much is this pen?
Kalam ini nombor satu; This pen’s a very good one; it
harga-nya dua-bélas ringgit. costs $12.00.
Itu mahal sangat. Kalam That’s very dear. Haven't you
murah ta’ada? got any cheap pens?
Ada. Yes, I have.
Bérapa harga-nya kalam ini? How much is this pen?
Kalam ini murah sangat; These pens are very cheap; they
harga-nya lima ringgit are five dollars each.
sa-batang.
Baik-lah; saya nak béli All right; I'll just buy one.
sa-batang sahaja.

B. Word List
Che’ Mr, Mrs, Miss batang cl. for stick-like
objects

C. Grammar
(72) CHE’ ZAINAL
Che’ is the shortened form of énche’. Unlike énche’, how-
ever, which as a title is used only before the names of men
(although when meaning you it can be used of both sexes),
che’ may be used also before the names of women; it therefore
corresponds to the English courtesy titles Mr, Mrs, and Miss.
The only difference is that Malays use this courtesy title more
frequently than we do in English. Friends quite commonly
address each other with it, where we in English would use
Christian names, especially when a younger person is talking
84 SPEAK MALAY!
to an older, or an inferior to a superior. A wife uses it to her
husband, and a younger brother to an elder brother, for
example.

(73) SA-BATANG KALAM

Here we have another classifier. Batang is used as a classifier
for stick-shaped objects, e.g. pens, pencils, walking-sticks,
cigars, cigarettes, etc.

Fifth Week REVISION LESSON E: WEEK-END

A. Sentences
Revise all the sentences in Lessons 21-25.

B. Word List
Revise al] the word lists in Lessons 21-25.

C. Grammar
Revise all the grammar sections (56-73) in Lessons 21-25.

D, Exercises
(1) Make up twenty sentences using what you have already
learnt.
(2) Read aloud the following couversation:
A. Apa khabar, énche’?
B. Khabar baik. Enche’ nak ka-mana?
A. Saya nak pérgi ka-pasar béli barang. Lépas itu saya
nak pérgi ka-sa-buah kédai makan makan nasi.
B. Saya boleh pérgi sama?
 SPEAK MALAY! 85
. Boleh-iah.
. Apa énche’ nak béli di-pasar?
. Saya nak béli ikan, daging dan buah durian.
W>
>. Tétapi hari ini ikan mahal sangat; baik énche’ béli
daging sahaja.
A. Saya ta’ tahu ikan mahal sangat; istéri saya kata ikan
murah di-pékan ini.
. Tidak! Ikan di-sini mahal sangat.
. Baik-lah! Saya tidak nak béli. Di-mana ada sa-buah
kédai makan Mélayu? Saya sangat suka makan gulai
Mélayu.
. Di-pasar Mélayu ada dua buah kédai makan baik.
Kita boleh pérgi ka-kédai makan itu di-sana. Gulai
kédai itu nombor satu. Saya nak pérgi sama makan
di-sana. Boleh?
. Boleh-lah! Mari kita pérgi makan sékarang. Lépas
itu kita boleh béli barang kapada istéri saya.
. Enche’ suka makan gulai pédas? Di-kédai itu gulai
pédas sangat.
A. Suka-lah. Lagi pédas lagi baik.*
B. Apa kita nak minum déngan gulai?
A. Baik kita minum ayer sahaja.

(3) Translate the conversation in (2) into English.

(4) Read off the following prices in Malay, (i) in the southern
way and (ii) in the northern way:
$3.50; $10.25; $0.60; $56.70; $136.45
(5) Translate into Malay:
(a) I’m going to the market to do some shopping; after-
wards I’m going to have a meal in a Chinese restaur-
ant. Do you want to come too?
* Notice this idiom: lagi... lagi..., ‘““The more... The
”
more...
86 SPEAK MALAY!

(b) Rather! I’m very fond of Chinese food. Is the food

good in that restaurant?
(c) Where did you buy that new car? I bought it in
Singapore yesterday. Do you want to ride (in it)?
(d) Yesterday I got a letter from my mother in Seremban.
She says that my father is in hospital in Kuala
Lumpur.
(e) How much is this book? It costs $15.00. That’s very
dear. No, it isn’t dear; it’s cheap. This book is very
good.
(f) That European is very fond of very hot Malay curry.
He says, ““The hotter, the better.”
(g) I didn’t know Europeans ate curry. Oh yes, they do.
Many Europeans are very fond of Malay food.
th) Where are you going to-morrow? I’m going to Kuala
Kangsar to see my sick father. My mother thinks he
is going to die, but I think he’ll live.
(i) This tea is very hot; I can’t drink (it).
(j) This curry is very hot; he can’t eat (it).
Sixth Week LESSON 26: MONDAY

A. Sentences
Hari ini hari apa? What day is it today ?
Hari ini hari isnen. Today is Monday.
Hari apa kélmarin? What day was it yesterday?
Kélimarin hari ahad. Yesterday was Sunday.
Esok hari apa? What day will it be tomorrow ?
Esok hari sélasa. Tomorrow will be Tuesday.
Hari ahad, hari isnen, hari Sunday, Monday, Tuesday.
sélasa.

Bérapa hari ada dalam satu How many days are there in
minggu? one week ?
Dalam satu minggu ada tujoh In a week there are seven days.
hari.
Enche’ pérgi ka-mana hari Where did you go on Sunday?
ahad ?
Pada hari ahad saya pérgi ka- On Sunday I went to the pictures
pékan nak tengok wayang in town.
gélap.
Apa énche’ nak buat hari ini? What are you going to do
today ?
Hari ini hari isnen; pada hari Today is Monday, on Monday
isnen saya sélalu pérgi I always go to the office.
ka-ofis.
Besok hari sélasa; apa énche’ Tomorrow is Tuesday} what
nak buat besok ? are you going to do
tomorrow ?
Besok saya nak pérgi ka- Tomorrow I am going to the
rumah sa-orang kawan house of a friend of mine for
saya nak makan nasi. dinner.
88 SPEAK MALAY!
Lusa énche’ boleh datang ka- The day after tomorrow can
rumah saya nak makan you come to my house for
nasi? dinner ?
Boleh-lah! Térima kaseh, Certainly. Thank you very
énche’. much.
Sama-sama. Not at all.
Bérapa hari ada dalam satu How many days are there in
bulan? one month ?
Ada lébeh-kurang tiga-puloh There are approximately thirty
hari dalam satu bulan. days in one month.

B. Word List
hari isnen Monday hari ahad Sunday
hari sélasa Tuesday dalam in, inside
minggu week sélalu always, usually
ofis office sama-sama same to you; not at
lébeh more, in excess all; don’t mention
lébeh-kurang approximately, it
more or less kurang less, minus
lusa the day after bulan month; moon
tomorrow esok tomorrow
pada on, at

C. Grammar
(74) ISNEN, AHAD, SELASA
These are really Malay forms of Arabic words. Ahad is from
the Arabic ahad “‘one’’, isnen is from ithnain “two” and sélasa
comes from the Arabic thalatha “‘three’’,so that Sunday, Mon-
day and Tuesday are really first, second, and third day re-
spectively.

(75) BESOK, ESOK

These are simply alternative forms of the same word. There
is no difference in meaning.
 SPEAK MALAY! 89
(76) SATU MINGGU, SATU BULAN
Words like hari, minggu, and bulan are really expressions of
quantity (of time) and therefore do not need a classifier. They
are in fact almost classifiers themselves. As a result it is per-
fectly all right to use the full form of satu before them, although
the shortened form sa- is also permissible. In this case satu is
stronger than sa-, i.e.:

satu hari one day

sa-hari a day
satu minggu = one week
sa-minggu a week
satu bulan one month
sa-bulan a month

(77) (RADA) HARI AHAD

The preposition pada is the correct one for on or at when
these two English prepositions precede expressions of time.
Pada may, however, be omitted in speaking, although it should
be retained in written Malay.

(78) SAYA PERGI KA-PEKAN NAK TENGOK WAYANG

GELAP
Notice the use of nak here. It is almost equivalent to the
English to when to means in order to, i.e. with the intention of.
Nak is very commonly used in such a context. It may be
omitted, but the sentence sounds better with it in. Similar uses
of nak will be discussed as we come to them. Here it expresses
purpose or intention.

(79) SAMA-SAMA
This is the stock answer to térima kaseh.
90 SPEAK MALAY!

Sixth Week LESSON 27: TUESDAY

A. Sentences
Kélmarin dahulu hari ahad. The day before yesterday was
Sunday.
Kélmarin hari isnen. Yesterday was Monday.
Hari ini hari sélasa. Today is Tuesday.
Besok hari rabu Tomorrow will be Wednesday.
Lusa hari khamis. The day after tomorrow will be
Thursday.

Hari ahad, hari isnen, hari Sunday, Monday, Tuesday,

sélasa, hari rabu, hari Wednesday, Thursday.
khamis.

Hari apa énche’ bérchuti? What day do you have off?

Saya sélalu bérchuti pada hari T always have Sunday off.
ahad.
Tiap-tiap hari ahad saya suka Every Sunday I like to go to
pérgi ka-Batu Féringgi. Batu Feringgi.
Di-mana Batu Féringgi itu ?* Where is Batu Feringgi?
Ada di-Pulau Pinang. It’s in Penang.
Apa énche’ buat tiap-tiap hari What do you do every Sunday
ahad di-Batu Féringgi? at Batu Feringgi?
Saya pérgi ka-sana nak dudok I go there and sit on the beach.
di-pantai.
Boleh bérénang di-sana? Can one swim there?
Boleh; tétapi ada banyak ular Yes, one can; but there are a
sélimpat; bérbahaya sikit lot of sea-snakes; it’s a bit
nak bérénang. dangerous to go swimming.

* itu here is used to mean “that one that you mentioned just now”,
“that place you called Batu Feringgi,” or “that well-known Batu Feringgi.”’
Cf. Latin: ille Caesar, ‘that well-known chap Caesar.”
 SPEAK MALAY! 91
Sa-ribu. One thousand.
Dua ribu, tiga ribu, émpat 2000, 3000, 4000.
ribu.
Lima ribu, énam ribu, tujoh 5000, 6000, 7000.
ribu.
Lapan ribu, sémbilan ribu. 8000, 9000.
Sa-puloh ribu. 10,000.
Sa-ribu sémbilan ratus lima- 1957:
puloh tujoh.
Pada tahun sa-ribu sémbilan- In the year 1957.
ratus lima-puloh tujoh.

B. Word List
dahulu previously, before, kélmarin the day before
earlier, ago dahulu yesterday
hari rabu Wednesday hari khamis Thursday
bérchuti be on leave, go on tiap-tiap every, each
leave Pulau Pinang Penang (Island)
pulau island (buah) areca nut, betel
pantai beach, shore pinang nut
bérénang swim ular snake
sélimpat braided-ribbon ular sélimpat sea-snake
pattern in lace bérbahaya dangerous
sikit a little, a bit, rather ribu thousand
tahun year sa-ribu a thousand

C. Grammar
(80) DAHULU
Almost invariably pronounced, and sometimes written, dulu.

(81) HARI RABU, HARI KHAMIS

Rabu is a corruption of the Arabic arba’a (four) and khamis
is from the Arabic khamsa (five).
92 SPEAK MALAY!

(82) PULAU PINANG

Literaily, Areca-Nut Island. This really refers to the whole
island although it is often used without the Pulau to refer to the
city of Georgetown. Locally, however, Georgetown is usually
called Tanjong (point, headland), presumably because it is built
on a point of land. People in Kedah, especially, always say
saya nak pi Tanjong for I’m going to Penang.

(83) BERBAHAYA SIKIT

Sikit used after an adjective has the force of rather, a bit.

(84) BERBAHAYA SIKIT NAK BERENANG

“It’s a bit dangerous to go swimming’. Notice the construc-
tion: nak here has almost the meaning of the English ro used
before an infinitive. Indeed, in modern Malay it is coming to
be used more and more like that, especially in writing in the
form héndak. Perhaps, however, the original meaning of
“intention” is not far away in this case, if we remember that
Malay is an elliptical language and often leaves out words
which would be necessary in English, leaving the meaning to
be “‘filled out” from the context. The original meaning here is
probably—ir’s a bit dangerous (if you) intend to swim.
Nevertheless, however we explain it, the fact remains that
héndak in writing and nak in speaking frequently are used to
join together two verbs or an adjective and a verb just like to
in English. We should be on our guard against trying to be too
profound in our analysis of another language; too often we run
the risk of subconsciously putting our own thoughts into the
minds of the people whose language we are studying. We must
always deal with the facts as they are, and not try to interpret
them in the light of some preconceived theory.
 SPEAK MALAY! 93
(85) RIBU
The formation of the thousands is just like that of the teens,
tens and hundreds. Simply add ribu to the simple number.

(86) PADA TAHUN 1957

In English we have two ways of reading off such a group of
figures. If 1957 is a number in arithmetic we usually read it,
one thousand nine hundred and fifty-seven, but when it is the
name of a year we say nineteen hundred and fifty-seven or
nineteen fifty-seven. In Malay the second method is unknown;
only the first method is used in both cases, except that when
the number is the name of a sae the word tahun is almost
always prefixed.

Sixth Week LESSON 28: WEDNESDAY

A. Sentences
Hari ini hari rabu. Today is Wednesday.
Besok hari khamis. Tomorrow is Thursday.
Lusa hari juma’at. The day after tomorrow will be
Friday.
Hari sabtu. Saturday.

Hari ahad, hari isnen, hari Sunday, Monday, Tuesday.

sélasa.
Hari rabu, hari khamis, hari Wednesday, Thursday, Friday,
juma’at, hari sabtu. Saturday.

Pada satu hari bulan January. On the first of January.

94 SPEAK MALAY!

Pada tiga-puloh satu hari On the 31st of August 1957

bulan August tahun sa-ribu Malaya gained her indepen-
sémbilan-ratus lima-puloh dence.
tujoh Malaya dapat
kémérdekaan.
Hari ini bérapa hari bulan? What's the date today?
Hari ini dua-puloh lima hari Today is the 25th of Sep-
bulan September tahun sa- tember 1958.
ribu sémbilan-ratus lima-
puloh lapan.
Satu hari bulan January tahun The Ist of January is the Eng-
baharu orang Inggéris. lish New Year.
Saya nak bérchuti daripada I shall be on leave from the 6th
énam hari bulan October of October until the 5th of
sampai lima hari bulan November.
November.
Pada tahun sa-ribu sémbilan- In the year 1941 the Japanese
ratus é€mpat-puloh satu came to Malaya.
orang Jépun datang ka-
Malaya.
Pada tahun sa-ribu sémbilan- In the year 1945 the English
ratus émpat-puloh lima came back to Malaya.
orang Inggéris balek ka-
Malaya.
Pada tahun sa-ribu lima-ratus In the year 1511 the Portuguese
sa-bélas orang Portugis arrived in Malacca.
sampai ka-Mélaka.
Pada tahun sa-ribu tujoh-ratus In the year 1786 His Highness
lapan-puloh énam Yang the Sultan of Kedah gave
Mahamulia Sultan Kédah Penang Island to the English.
bagi Pulau Pinang kapada
orang Inggéris.
Bérapa bulan ada dalam satu How many months are there in
tahun? one year ?
 SPEAK MALAY! 95
Dalam satu tahun ada dua- In one year there are 12
bélas bulan. months,
Bérapa hari ada dalam satu How many days are there in one
tahun? year ?
Dalam satu tahun ada tiga- In one year there are 365 days.
ratus €nam-puloh lima hari.

B. Word List
hari juma’at Friday hari sabtu. Saturday
kémérdekaan independence sampai arrive, reach;
Jépun Japanese (adj.) until
orang Jépun Japanese (n.) Portugis § Portuguese (adj.)
orang Portugis Portuguese (n.) Yang
Kédah Kedah Mahamulia His Highness
sultan sultan

C. Grammar
(87) HARI JUMA’AT
Jumaat is from the Arabic jama’ah which means assembly or
gathering. Friday is, of course, the day when Muslims assemble
or gather together at the mosque to pray. Hence hari juma’at
for Friday.

(88) HARI SABTU

Sabtu is from the Arabic sabt and is connected with the
Hebrew shabbath both of which mean idleness. From this we
get the English sabbath. Originally the Jews had their sabbath
on Saturday (and indeed still have it then), the Christians
changed it to Sunday just to be different, and were followed
later by the Muslims, who fixed Friday as their day of rest.
The old name sabtu, however, seems to have lost its real mean-
ing by then, and so it has been retained to mean Saturday.
Only the Jews, however, are really using it correctly.
96 SPEAK MALAY!
(89) BULAN JANUARY
The Malay calendar is the Muslim one and is based on the
moon rather than the sun. The Malay months, therefore, do
not correspond at all with the European months. For this
reason the Malays in their dealings with other races are
courteous enough to use the Western calendar. They use the
English names of the months, usually preceded by the word
bulan. For practical purposes there is no need for the non-
Malay to learn the Malay names of the months of the Muslim
calendar, although it would be considered a courtesy by the
Malays if one did so. For this reason the Malay months have
not been given in the body of this book, but will be found—for
those interested enough to learn them—in the appendix on the
Muslim calendar at the end of the book.

(90) DATES
Study carefully the examples given of the Malay way of
expressing dates. These examples will prove more useful than
a long explanation.

(91) KEMERDEKAAN
In colloquial language, and nowadays quite often in writing,
this is usually substituted by the word mérdeka. Mérdeka is,
strictly speaking, an adjective meaning independent, as may be
seen from the phrase Malaya Mérdeka which means Indepen-
dent Malaya and not the independence of Malaya. The student
will be safer if he sticks to kémérdekaan for the noun and
mérdeka for the adjective. He will then be less likely to make
grammatical errors in their use.
 SPEAK MALAY! 97

Sixth Week LESSON 29: THURSDAY

A. Sentences
Hari ini hari apa? What day is it today?
Hari ini hari khamis. Today is Thursday.
Hari ini bérapa hari bulan? What's the date today?
Hari ini dua-puloh énam hari Today is the 26th of Sep-
bulan September. tember.
Pada hari juma’at banyak On Fridays a lot of Malays pray
orang Mélayu sémbahyang in the mosque.
di-mésjid.
Di-mana orang Inggéris Where do the English pray?
sémbahyang?
Orang Inggéris sembahyang English people pray in church
di-géreja pada hari ahad. on Sundays.
Di-mana orang Hindu (orang Where do the Hindus (Indians)
India) sémbahyang? pray?
Orang India sémbahyang di- Indians pray in Hindu temples.
kuil Hindu.
Di-mana orang China Where do the Chinese pray?
sémbahyang?
Orang China sémbahyang di- The Chinese pray in a Chinese
tokong China. temple.
Minggu lépas saya pérgi ka- Last week I went to Kuala
Kuala Lumpur. Lumpur.
Minggu ini saya nak tinggal This week I’m going to stay in
di-Pulau Pinang. Penang.
Minggu dépan saya nak pérgi Next week I’m going to go to
ka-Singapura. Singapore.
Tahun lépas saya békérja di- Last year I was working in
Raub. Raub.
Tahun ini saya békérja di- This year I am werking in
Kuantan. Kuantan.

S.M.—4
98 SPEAK MALAY!

Tahun dépan saya nak pérgi Next year I’m going to England
ka-England bérchuti. on leave.
Daripada hari isnen sampai From Monday to Friday I work
hari juma’at saya békérja in the office.
di-ofis.
Tétapi pada hari sabtu dan But on Saturday and Sunday I
hari ahad saya bérchuti. have a holiday.
Pada hari sabtu saya sélalu On Saturday I always go to the
pérgi ka-pantai nak beach to swim.
bérénang.
Tétapi pada hari ahad saya But on Sunday I like to stay at
suka tinggal di-rumah home and read a book.
bacha buku.

B. Word List
sémbahyang pray; prayer mésjid mosque
géreja church kuil (Hindu) temple
tokong (Chinese) temple Hindu Hindu (adj.)
orang Hindu Hindu (n.) minggu lépas Jast week
tahun lépas_ /ast year minggu dépan next week
tahun dépan next year dépan next; front
békérja work (vb.)

C. Grammar
(92) DARIPADA...SAMPAI
Notice that we use daripada and not dari with expressions
of time.
 SPEAK MALAY! 99

Sixth Week LESSON 30: FRIDAY

A. Sentences
- Tujoh kosong énam lima. 7065 (on the ’phone).
Sa-juta. One million.
Dua juta, tiga juta, émpat One million, two million, three
juta, etc. million, four million, etc.
Tiga juta €nam-ratus lima- 3, 658, 734.
puloh Japan ribu tujoh-
ratus tiga-puloh émpat.
Satu tahun ada dua-bélas One year has twelve months.
bulan.
Satu bulan ada émpat minggu. One month has four weeks.
Satu minggu ada tujoh hari. One week has seven days.
Satu hari ada dua-puloh One day has 24 hours.
émpat jam.
Satu jam ada énam-puloh One hour has 60 minutes.
minit.
Satu minit ada énam-puloh One minute has 60 seconds.
sa’at.

B. Word List
kosong empty; nought juta million
sa-juta one million jam hours watch, clock
minit minute sa’at second

C. Grammar
(93) SA-JUTA
One million. The millions are formed quite normally with
the word juta as in the examples in Section A.
100 SPEAK MALAY!

Sixth Week REVISION LESSON F: WEEK-END

A. Sentences
Revise all the sentences in Lessons 26-30.

B. Word List
Revise all the word lists in Lessons 26-30.

C. Grammar
Revise all the grainmar sections (74-93) in Lessons 26-30.

D. Exercises
(1) Make up thirty sentences using what you have so far
learnt during the course.
(2) Read aloud the following conversation:
. Apa khabar, énche’?
Khabar baik, énche’. Enche’ nak ka-mana?
. Saya nak ka-pékan.
. Apa énche’ nak buat di-pékan?
. Saya nak béli sa-buah kéreta baharu.
Tétapi énche’ ada sa-buah kéreta bésar.
. Kéreta itu saya jual di-Ipoh pada hari sabtu lépas.
. Enche’ jual kéreta itu, dapat bérapa duit?
WD
Wb
> . Kéreta
D> itu saya dapat tiga-ribu lima-ratus ringgit.
Kéreta itu bésar sangat, saya nak béli kéreta kéchil.*
. Bérapa duit €nche’ mahu bagi nak béli kéreta baharu?
. Saya ingat nak bagi émpat-ribu lébeh-kurang.
wDD>
Saya boleh pérgi ka-pékan déngan énche’? Saya tahu
di-mana énche’ boleh béli sa-buah kéreta baik sangat.
A. Boleh-lah. Térima kaseh, énche’.
B. Lépas itu énche’ nak buat apa di-pékan?
*kéchil: small little.
 SPEAK MALAY! 101
> . Saya ingat nak makan di-kédai makan China. Enche’
suka makan makanan China?
Suka-lah.
. Baik énche’ pérgi sama; boleh makan déngan saya.
w
D>Térima kaseh, énche’.
A. Sama-sama.
(3) Translate the conversation in (2) into English.
(4) Translate into Malay:
(a) Yesterday I sold my car in Kuala Lumpur; I got
$4,500 (for it).
(b) To-morrow I am going to buy a new car in Singapore;
I am thinking of paying [bagi] $6,000 (for it).
(c) The day before yesterday was Saturday; I was on
leave (for) two days; I went to Batu Feringgi in
Penang to swim.
(d) A friend of mine said, “It’s rather dangerous to swim
at Batu Feringgi; there’s a lot of sea-snakes there;
you'd better just sit on the beach.”
(e) Malays like eating areca nut, but Europeans don’t
like eating it.
(f) Kedah people do not say, “I am going to the Island
of Penang’; they usually say, “I’m going (to) the
Point.”
(g) Many Malays do not like eating Chinese food;
Chinese food has a lot of pork (in it). Malays cannot
eat pork.
(h) The town of Alor Star has about 50,000 people.
(i) Malaya has approximately six million people.
(j) England has more or less fifty million people.
Seventh Week LESSON 31: MONDAY
Minggu Yang Kétujoh Pélajaran Yang Ké-31: Hari
Isnen

A. Sentences
Pukul satu. One o'clock.
Pada pukul satu saya sélalu At one o'clock I always eat.
makan nasi.
Pada pukul dua saya balek ka- At two o'clock I go back to the
Ofis. Office.
Pada pukul tiga saya sélalu At three o'clock I always drink
minum sa-chawan teh di- a cup of tea in the office.
ofis.
Pada pukul émpat saya sélalu At four o'clock I always go to
pérgi ka-posofis. the Post Office.
Pada pukul lima saya sélalu Atfive o'clock I always go
balek ka-rumah. home.
Pada pukul énam saya sélalu At six o'clock I always have a
mandi. bath.
Daripada pukul tujoh sampai From seven o'clock until eight
puku! lapan saya sélalu o'clock I always read the
bacha surat khabar. newspaper.
Pada pukul sémbilan saya At nine o'clock I have dinner.
makan nasi.
Daripada pukul sa-puloh From ten o'clock until eleven
sampai pukul sa-bélas saya 0 clock I read.
bacha buku.
Pada pukul dua-bélas saya At twelve o'clock I go to bed.
tidor.

Pukul bérapa énche’ bangun What time do you get up in the

pagi? morning ?
 SPEAK MALAY! 103
Saya bangun pada pukul tujoh I get up at seven o'clock in the
pagi. morning.
Pada pukul bérapa énche’ At what time do you have
makan pagi? breakfast ?
Saya makan pagi pada pukul I have breakfast at eight
lapan. o'clock.
Pukul bérapa énche’ pérgi Whai iime do you go to the
ka-ofis? office ?
Saya sélalu pérgi ka-ofis pada I always go to the office at nine
pukul sémbilan. o'clock.
Pukul bérapa énche’ balek? What time do you come home ?
Saya sélalu balek pada pukul I always come home at one
satu. o'clock.
Apa énche’ buat pada pukul What were you doing at ten
sa-puloh kélmarin? o'clock yesterday ?
Kélmarin pada pukul sa-puloh Yesterday at ten o'clock in the
pagi saya békérja di-ofis. morning I was working in the
office.

B. Word List
pélajaran lesson; education pukul — strike; beat; o'clock
chawan cup mandi have a bath; bathe,
posofis post office wash
tidor sleep; go to Sleep; bangun get up, rise
go to bed makan have breakfast}
pagi morning, in the pagi breakfast
morning

C. Grammar
(93a) MINGGU YANG KETUJOH; PELAJARAN
YANG KE-31
The numbers we have had so far have been the simple
numbers which grammarians usually call the cardinal numbers.
Here we have our first examples of ordinal numbers, i.e. the
104 SPEAK MALAY!
numbers which tell us, not how many things there are, but what
order they are in. The English ordinal numbers are the series
beginning first, second, third, etc.
The Malay ordinals can be formed quite simply from the
cardinals. We just prefix yang ké- to the cardinal to get the
ordinal:

tujoh seven yang kétujoh seventh

sa-bélas eleven yang késa-bélas_ _e/eventh
dua-puloh twenty yang kédua-puloh twentieth

The only irregularity is the word for first, which is not yang
késatu but yang pértama. Pértama is from the Sanskrit word
prathama which also means first.
Note too that the ordinal numbers, being true adjectives,
always follow the noun to which they are attached:

buku yang pértama the first book

kapal yang kédua-ratus the two-hundredth ship

Observe the way in which these numbers are abbreviated in

writing: instead of pélajaran yang kétiga-puloh satu (thirty-
first lesson) we can write pélajaran yang ké-31 (31st lesson).

(94) PUKUL SATU

Pukul really means “strike” or “stroke” and refers to the
number of strokes on the gong outside the village police
station, which was an old way of indicating time in Malaya.
Here again the examples speak for themselves, so study the
sentences in Section A carefully.
 SPEAK MALAY! 105

Seventh Week LESSON 32: TUESDAY

Minggu Yang Kétujoh Pélajaran Yang Ké-32: Hari
Sélasa
A. Sentences
Pukul satu sa-téngah. Half past one.
Pukul bérapa sékarang? What time is it now?
Sékarang pukul énam sa- It is now half past six.
téngah.
Pukul bérapa énche’ bangun What time did you get up this
pagi ini? morning ?
Pagi ini saya bangun pada This morning I got up at half
pukul tujoh sa-téngah. past seven.
Pada pukul bérapa énche’ What time did you go to the
pérgi ka-ofis pagi ini? office this morning?
Pagi ini saya lambat sikit; This morning I was a bit late;
sampai ka-ofis pada pukul I got to the office at half past
sémbilan sa-téngah. nine.
Enche’ boleh datang ka- Can you come to my house this
rumah saya malam ini nak evening for dinner ?
makan nasi?
Boleh-lah. Térima kaseh. Rather! Thanks very much.
Pukul bérapa énche’ mahu What time do you want me to
saya datang ka-sana? get there?
Pada pukul lapan sa-téngah. At half past eight.
Pada pukul bérapa siaran At what time does the “Speak
“Speak Malay” bérmula? Malay” programme begin?
Siaran “Speak Malay” bérmula The “Speak Malay” pro-
hari-hari pada pukul énam gramme begins every day at
sa-téngah. 6.30.
Malam sabtu pada pukul On Friday evening at 9.30 I'm
sémbilan sa-téngah saya nak going to the cinema in town.
pérgi tengok wayang gélap
di-pékan.

S.M.—4*
106 SPEAK MALAY!

Hari sabtu pada pukul sa- On Saturday morning at ten

puloh pagi saya nak pérgi o'clock I'm going to Penang
ka-Pulau Pinang nak béli to do some shopping.
barang.
Malam-malam pada pukul Every evening at 8.30 that
lapan sa-téngah orang China Chinese goes to school to
itu pérgi ka-sékolah nak learn Malay.
bélajar bahasaMélayu.
Bérapa lama dia bélajar di- How long does he study there ?
sana?
Sa-jam sa-téngah; dia balek An hour and a half; he goes
pada pukul sa-puloh. home at ten o'clock.
Pada pukul sa-puloh sa- At half past ten he goes to bed.
téngah dia tidor.
Tiap-tiap hari ahad dia déngar Every Sunday morning he
siaran “Speak Malay” dari- listens to the ““Speak Malay”
pada pukul sémbilan sampai programme from nine o’ clock
pukul sémbilan sa-téngah until half past nine.
pagi.
Bila dia bérmula bélajar When did he start learning
bahasa Mélayu? Malay ?
Sémbilan bulan dahulu; Nine months ago; now he’s very
stkarang dia pandai sangat. good at it.

B. Word List
téngah middle sa-téngah (a) half
lambat slow; late malam night, evening
siaran broadcast (n.); bérmula begin
programme hari-hari every day
malam- every night; stkolah school
malam every evening lama long (of time);
bérapa lama how long old (of things)
déngar hear; listen to bila when
pandai clever; good at
 SPEAK MALAY! 107
C. Grammar
(95) PUKUL SATU SA-TENGAH
Notice the way the half-hours are indicated.

(96) BERMULA
A rather more correct form than mula which we had earlier.

(97) MALAM SABTU

Friday evening: this is not a misprint! The Muslim day
begins at sunset and not at midnight. This means that the
period of darkness goes entirely with the following period of
daylight and is not divided between the preceding and follow-
ing daylight periods. Be very careful with this or you may find
yourself turning up on the wrong evening for a dinner party!
Malays, in their efforts to be polite and helpful to other
races, often needlessly complicate matters by using these
expressions in the English manner, i.e. they use malam sabtu
to mean Saturday evening. Therefore when you receive an
invitation, especially verbally, from a Malay to an evening
function, it would be wise just to make certain which evening
he does mean. When he realises that you do know the correct
form, he will be delighted.

(98) HARI-HARI, MALAM-MALAM

Here the reduplication implies “every’’, and this is the usual
meaning when expressions of time are reduplicated. So also
with:
bulan-bulan every month
tahun-tahun every year
108 SPEAK MALAY!

Seventh Week LESSON 33: WEDNESDAY

Minggu Yang Kétujoh Pélajaran Yang Ké-33: Hari Rabu

A. Sentences
Pada pukul lapan suku. At a quarter past eight.
Pukul lapan tiga suku. A quarter to nine (or 8.45).
Pada pukul lapan tiga suku At a quarter to nine in the
pagi kéreta api bértolak morning the train leaves here
dari sini nak pérgi ka- for Singapore.
Singapura.
Pukul bérapa kéreta api itu What time does that train
sampai ka-Singapura? arrive in Singapore?
Sampai ka-sana pada pukul It gets there at 11.15 p.m.
sa-bélas suku malam.
Pukul bérapa énche’ bangun What time did you get up this
pagi ini? morning ?
Malam kélmarin saya tidor Last night I went to bed late
lewat; pagi ini saya lambat and so this morning I was
bangun; pagi ini saya bangun slow getting up; this morning
pada pukul tujoh tiga suku. T got up at a quarter to eight.
Lambat-lah énche’! Pukul You were late! And what time
bérapa énche’ sampai ka- did you get to the office?
ofis?
Saya sampai pada pukul ] got there at 9.15.
sémbilan suku.
Tuan ta’ marah? Wasn't the boss angry ?
Tidak marah. Dia séndiri No, he wasn’t. He got there at
sampai pada pukul sémbilan 9.45 himself.
tiga suku.

Pukul lapan lima minit. Five (minutes) past eight.

Kéreta api dari-Singapura The train from Singapore
sampai ka-sini pada pukul arrives here at twelve
tujoh dua-bélas minit. minutes past seven.
 SPEAK MALAY! 109
Kéreta itu bértolak dari-sini It leaves here at 7.23.
pada pukul tujoh dua-puloh
tiga minit.
Kéreta itu tinggal sa-bélas It stops here for eleven minutes.
minit di-sini.
Kapal térbang bértolak dari The aeroplane leaves here at
sini pada pukul dua émpat- 2.40 (or: at twenty to three).
puloh minit.
Kapal térbang itu sampai ka- That aeroplane arrives in Hong
Hong Kong pada pukul dua- Kong at ten to one in the
bélas lima-puloh minit morning.
malam.
Matahari turun pada pukul The sun set at 6.52.
énam lima-puloh dua minit.
Matahari térbit pada pukul The sun rose at 6.40.
énam émpat-puloh minit.
Pada pukul énam lima-puloh Atfive to seven I got up myself.
lima minit saya bangun
s€ndiri.

B. Word List
suku quarter bértolak to start; leave;
lewat late; too late set sail; move
tuan lord; master; off
boss}; sir; Mr marah angry
dia séndiri he himself séndiri self
térbang _fly (vb.) saya séndiri J myself
matahari sun kapal térbang aeroplane
térbit rise (sun); turun go downj come
be issued (book) down; descend;
set (sun)
110 SPEAK MALAY!

C. Grammar
(99) PADA PUKUL LAPAN SUKU, PUKUL LAPAN
TIGA SUKU
Notice the method of indicating ‘‘a quarter past” and “a
quarter to” the hour. Literally: at eight strokes (and a) quarter
and at eight strokes (and) three quarters.
(100) LEWAT, LAMBAT
Both these words mean “late”. The main difference is that
lewat implies being too late to do something or other (here:
too late to get to work on time in the morning) whereas /ambat
implies lateness through slowness (here the man was a bit slow
and lazy about getting up). You would use /ewat, for instance,
if you were trying to catch a train but arrived so late that you
missed it. You would use /ambat if you had arranged to meet a
friend on the station ten minutes before the train left, and you
were eight minutes late for the appointment but still in time
for both of you to catch the train.

(101) TUAN
The original meaning of tuan is “lord” or “master”. It is
used to refer to any Malay with a title higher than that of
Enche’. A haji (a person who has made the pilgrimage to
Mecca) is addressed as Tuan or Tuan Haji; so is a Saiyid (Syed),
that is a man claiming descent from the Prophet Muhammad.
Certainly any higher person would be called Tuan. By courtesy
and custom Europeans are usually called Tuan by Malays.
Indeed, used by itself as sa-orang tuan it has come to mean a
European official or business man, hence “‘boss’’.
In Indonesia tuan has now ousted énche’ and is used as a
general word for Mr or Sir, and like énche’ is used as a polite
form for you. Now that the Federation is independent, there
is a definite tendency to imitate the Indonesian usage, and this
should be encouraged as it leads to simplicity and equality.
 SPEAK MALAY! 1i1
(102) PUKUL DUA EMPAT-PULOH MINIT
Malay, like English, uses this “time-table”’ style of express-
ing minutes before the hour, but, also like English, it has
another way which will be discussed in the next lesson.

Seventh Week LESSON 34: THURSDAY

Minggu Yang Kétujoh Pélajaran Yang Keé-34: Hari
Khamis
A. Sentences
Pukul lima émpat-puloh minit. Five-forty.
Kurang dua-puloh minit pukul Twenty minutes to six.
énam.
Kurang lima minit pukul émpat Atfive minutes to four Ahmad
Ahmad sampai ka-rumah arrived at my house.
saya.
Kurang dua-puloh minit pukul Af twenty to seven he left my
tujoh dia kéluar dari-rumah house to go to town.
saya nak pérgi ka-pékan.
Dia kata kapada saya dia nak He told me that he was going to
pérgi tengok wayang gélap. the pictures.
Saya bértanya pukul bérapa ‘/ asked him what time the pic-
wayang gélap bérmula. ture began.
Dia ménjawab wayang gélap He replied that the picture was
nak bérmula pada pukul going to begin at 7.15.
tujoh suku.
Saya bértanya: Saya boleh I asked: Can I go with you?
pérgi sama?
Dia ménjawab: Boleh-lah! He replied: Of course you can.
Saya kata: Nanti sa-kéjap, I said: Just wait a moment,
Che’ Ahmad. Ahmad.
112 SPEAK MALAY!

Lépas itu saya bértanya: Then I asked: What time is it

Pukul bérapa sékarang? now?
Ahmad kata: sékarang kurang Ahmad said: It’s a quarter to
suku pukul tujoh. Baik kita seven now. We'd better hurry.
pérgi lékas.
Saya ménjawab: Baik-lah! I replied: All right. ?'m just
Saya nak pérgi ambil duit going to get some money.
sahaja.
Kurang sa-puloh minit pukul At ten to seven we came out of
tujoh kita kéluar dari-rumah my house, caught a trishaw
saya, naik becha, pérgi ka- and went to town.
pékan.
Pada pukul tujoh sa-puloh At ten past seven we arrived at
minit kita sampai ka- the cinema.
wayang gélap.
Masa Ahmad bagi dua ringgit While Ahmad was giving two
kapada orang becha, saya dollars to the trishaw man, ]
masok wayang gélap béli went into the cinema and
tikit. bought the tickets.
Pada pukul tujoh suku kita Al a quarter past seven we
dudok di-témpat kita. were sitting in our places.
Gambar itu gambar Mélayu— It was a Malay picture, and a
baik sangat. very good one.
Pada pukul sémbilan tiga Al a quarter to ten we came out
suku kita kéluar dari wayang of the cinema.
gélap.
Lépas itu kita masok sa-buah Then we went into a café for
kédai kopi nak minum kopi. some coffee.
Pada pukul sa-puloh sa- At half past ten we got a
téngah kita naik becha nak trishaw to go home.
balek.
 SPEAK MALAY! 113
B. Word List
kéluar come out; go out bértanya ask, inquire
nanti wait ménjawab answer, reply
lékas immediately; quickly sa-kéjap a moment
masa _—_ time; while; when pérgi lékas go at once; hurry
gambar picture, film ambil take; get; fetch
tikit ticket témpat place
masok go in, come in, enter

C. Grammar
(103) KURANG DUA-PULOH MINIT PUKUL ENAM
Literally: less twenty minutes six o’clock. This is the standard
way of indicating minutes to the hour. Notice that in this case
the minutes precede the hour whereas in the case of half hours,
quarter hours and minutes past the hour it is the hour which
comes first, followed by the minutes.

(104) AMBIL
Usually pronounced, but seldom written, ambik.

(105) MASA
Masa (time) means “when” when “when” means “while’’.
Otherwise use bila. Examples:

Masa saya tengok dia...

While I was looking at him...
Bila saya tengok dia...
When I saw him...
Masa saya di-London...
When I was in London...
114 SPEAK MALAY!

Seventh Week LESSON 35: FRIDAY

Minggu Yang Kétujoh Pélajaran Yang Ké-35:
Hari Juma’at

A. Sentences
Kélmarin pada pukul sa-bélas Yesterday morning at eleven
pagi saya békérja di-ofis. o’clock I was working in the
office.
Tiba-tiba sa-orang kawan saya Suddenly one of my friends
masok. came in.
Dia kata: Anak saya nak He said: My son is getting
bérkahwin hari ini; nak ada married today; there’s going
kénduri di-rumah saya to be a party at my house
malam ini. tonight.
Dia kata lagi: Enche’ boleh He went on to say: Can you
datang ka-rumah saya malam come to my house tonight
ini nak makan nasi? for dinner?
Saya suka hati sangat. I was very pleased.
Saya kata: Boleh-lah, énche’! J said: Of course I can! Thank
Térima kaseh. you very much.
Che’ Ahmad kata: Kéndurinak Ahmad said: The party's going
bérmula pada pukui tujoh to begin at 7.15.
suku.
Lépas itu dia kéluar; saya Then he went out and I went on
békérja lagi. working.
Pada pukul tujoh lima minit =A? five past seven J got in my
saya naik kéreta saya pérgi car and went to Ahmad’s
ka-rumah Che’ Ahmad. house.
Sampai ka-sana, saya tengok When I got there I saw that
ada banyak orang di-rumah there were lots of people in
itu. the house.
Che’ Ahmad bérdiri di-luar Ahmad was standing outside
rumah nantikan saya. the house waiting for me.
Dia jémput saya masok. He asked me to come in.
 SPEAK MALAY! Ob)
Pada pukul lapan kita makan At eight o’clock we had dinner.
nasi. Sédap sangat. It was very good.
Pada pukul sa-bélas sa-téngah At half past eleven was the
ada isti’adat bérsanding. bersanding (sitting in state)
ceremony.
Péngantin pérémpuan chantek The bride was very pretty.
sangat.
Saya ingat péngantin laki-laki I think the bridegroom was very
bésar hati sangat. proud.
Pada pukul dua-bélas saya At twelve o'clock I got into my
naik kéreta balek ka-rumah car and went home.
saya.

B. Word List
tiba arrive tiba-tiba suddenly
bérkahwin get married; kénduri feast; party
be married hati liver
bésar hati proud suka hati pleased
bérdiri — stand (vb.); di-luar outside
stand up nantikan wait for
jémput ask, invite sédap tasty; good
ist’'adat ceremony (of food)
bérsanding sit in state side by péngantin
side; bersanding pérémpuan bride
péngantin bride; bridegroom chantek pretty,
péngantin beautiful
laki-laki bridegroom

C. Grammar
(106) SUKA HATI, BESAR HATI
The Malays, like the Elizabethans, believe that the liver is
the seat of the emotions. Hence, where we have many similar
expressions in English involving the word heart the Malays
use hati instead. Don’t be misled into thinking that hati means
116 SPEAK MALAY!
heart. The real word for heart is jantong. It is jantong that you
discuss with the doctor and the butcher, but Aati with your
lover!
Further common expressions using hati:
sakit hati angry
susah hati worried, anxious
kéchil hati Aurt (feelings)

(107) SAYA BEKERJA LAGI

I went on working. Note this construction which is very
common in colloquial Malay.
So also dia kata lagi—he went on to say.

(108) NANTI, NANTIKAN

Nanti means to wait and nantikan means to wait for. In other
words they are intransitive and transitive respectively.

(109) IsTI’ADAT BERSANDING

The bersanding ceremony is the focal point of a Malay
wedding. The bridal couple are regarded as king and queen for
the day, and at some auspicious hour, often very late at night,
they sit side by side (bérsanding) on a double throne (pélamin)
and are honoured by all their friends and relations.
 SPEAK MALAY! 117

Seventh Week REVISION LESSON G: WEEK-END

Minggu Yang Kétujoh Pélajaran Ulang-kaji G: Hari Sabtu dan
Hari Ahad
A. Sentences
Revise all the sentences in Lessons 31-35.

B. Word List
ulang-kaji — revision
Revise all the word lists in Lessons 31-35.

C. Grammar
Revise all the grammar sections (93-109) in Lessons 31-35.

D. Exercises
(1) Make up twenty sentences using what you have learnt.
(2) Read aloud the following narrative, which is a continua-
tion of the story told in Lesson 35, Section A:
Pada pukul dua-bélas sa-puloh minit malam, saya
sampai ka-rumah saya. Saya mandi; lépas itu saya tidor.
Pagi ini saya bangun lewat sikit—pada pukul tujoh tiga
suku. Lékas saya mandi, makan roti, minum kopi. Lépas
itu saya naik kéreta nak pérgi ka-ofis. Pada pukul lapan
tiga suku saya sampai ka-sana; tuan saya marah sangat.
Dia bérkata (same as kata), ““Enche’ datang lewat—suku
jam!” Saya kata, “Tuan, malam kéimarin saya pérgi
ka-rumah sa-orang kawan saya. Anak dia nak bérkahwin.
Saya tinggal di-rumah dia sampai pukul dua-bélas malam
nak tengok isti’adat bérsanding. Lewat saya balek ka-
rumah saya. Saya tidor pada pukul satu malam, lambat
sikit bangun pagi ini.” Tuan saya orang baik. Dia kata,
“Baik-lah! Tétapi ada banyak kérja hari ini. Enche’
boleh tinggal di-ofis sampai pukul tujoh malam?” Saya
ménjawab, “Boleh-lah, tuan.”
(3) Translate (2) above into English.
118 SPEAK MALAY!

(4) Translate into Malay:

(a) My daughter is getting married to-day; there will be
a big party in the bridegroom’s house.
(b) Many people will go there to see the bersanding cere-
mony at ten-thirty.
(c) My daughter is very pretty; the bridegroom is very
pleased.
(d) I think we shall be going to bed late to-night.
(e) This lesson is a revision lesson.
(f) That Indian aeroplane arrived in Singapore at 11.57
p.m. (malam).
(g) This morning I came late (say: late to come) to the
office; my boss was very angry.
(kh) Every day he tries to speak Malay with the Malays
in the office; the more he tries, the better he is at
speaking.
(i) My boss is going to England on leave next month.
(j) I don’t know where my book is. Can I look at yours?
Of course you can.
Eighth Week LESSON 36: MONDAY
Minggu Yang Kédélapan Pélajaran Yang Ké-36: Hari
Isnen
A. Sentences
Bapa saya sudah pérgi ka- My father has gone to Kuala
Kuala Lumpur. Lumpur.
Bapa saya bélum pérgi ka- My father has not (yet) gone to
Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur.

Enche’ sudah béli buah Have you bought any mango-

manggis? _ steens?
Sudah. Saya sudah béli sa- Yes, I have. I have bought ten.
puloh biji.
Bapa énche’ sudah béli kéreta Has your father bought a new
baharu? car ?
Bélum. Dia bélum béli. No, he hasn’t bought one yet.
Enche’ sudah bacha surat Have you read the paper
khabar hari ini? today ?
Bélum. Saya bélum béli surat No, I haven't. I haven’t bought
khabar hari ini. a paper today yet.
Orang itu bélum bérmula That man has not yet begun to
bélajar bahasa Mélayu. learn Malay.

Orang China itu pandai That Chinese is good at speak-

bérchakap bahasa Mélayu. ing Malay.
Sa-tahun dahulu orang China A year ago that Chinese
itu ta’ tahu bérchakap bahasa couldn’t speak Malay, but
Mélayu, tétapi sékarang dia now he’s good at it.
sudah pandai.
Makanan pagi saya sélalu siap My breakfast is always ready
pada pukul lapan. at eight o’ciock.
Makanan sudah siap, tuan. The meal is ready, sir.
120 SPEAK MALAY!
Che’ Ahmad sélalu sihat. Ahmad is always fit.
Minggu lépas bapa saya sakit; Last week my father was ill;
sékarang sudah sihat. now he is well.
Kérja orang itu baik sangat. | That man’s work is very good.
Mula-mula kérja orang itu Atfirst that man’s work was
tidak baik; sékarang sudah not good; but it’s all right
baik. now.
Rumah orang itu sélalu kotor That man’s house is always very
sangat. dirty.
Kémarin ada kénduri di-rumah Yesterday there was a party in
saya; pagi ini rumah saya my house; this morning the
sudah kotor. house is dirty.

B. Word List
sudah finished; completed bélum not (yet)
sihat fit, well, healthy siap ready
kotor dirty mula-mula at first; originally

C. Grammar
(110) SUDAH PERGI, BELUM PERGI
Sudah before a verb gives the verb more or less the meaning
of the English perfect tense (either present, past, or future
perfect); i.e. sudah pérgi, according to the context, may mean
“has gone’, “had gone’, or “will have gone”. Bélum is
substituted for sudah to give the negative form. Cf. (111).

(111) SUDAH PANDAI

Sudah, with its negative form bélum, has a slightly different
meaning in English though not in Malay, when placed before
an adjective. An adjective without sudah or bélum describes a
state of affairs which may be considered as permanent, or
rather as having existed for some time and likely to continue
for a while at least. An adjective preceded by sudah describes
a state of affairs which has only just come about; sudah plus
 SPEAK MALAY! 121
adjective, in other words, describes a new condition which
has only just started. E.g.:

Orang China itu pandai © That Chinese is good at speak-

bérchakap bahasa Mélayu. ing Malay.

[Here the plain pandai implies that the Chinese in question

has always been good at Malay, still is good at it, and pre-
sumably always will be: he was probably born in Malacca,
for instance. ]

Sa-tahun dahulu orang China A year ago that Chinese

itu ta’ tahu bérchakap bahasa — couldn’t speak Malay, but
Mélayu, tétapi sékarang now he’s good at it.
sudah pandai.

{Here sudah pandai means that our Chinese friend’s clever-

ness is a fairly recent thing. A year ago he was no good at
Malay, but since then he must have been working hard at it
and has now reached the stage of being good at the language. }

The same difference exists between the other pairs of examples

given in the sentences in Section A. Look closely at them and
try to see why there is a sudah in one case and not in the other.

(112) YANG KEDELAPAN

This form is more common in writing than yang kélapan.
The student should prefer the written forms of the ordinal
numbers, since these numbers are not very much used in talk-
ing anyway. In spoken Malay minggu nombor lapan would be
more usual,
122 SPEAK MALAY!

Eighth Week LESSON 37: TUESDAY

Minggu Yang Kédélapan Pélajaran Yang Ké-37: Hari
Sélasa

A. Sentences
Hari ini saya nantikan sa- Today I am waiting for a
orang kawan saya datang. friend of mine to come.
Kélmarin dia kata dia nak Yesterday he said that he
sampai ka-rumah saya pada would arrive at my house at
pukul énam. six o’clock.
Kita sudah bérsétuju nak We have agreed to go to the
pérgi tengok wayang gélap. pictures.
Tétapi sékarang sudah pukul But now it is a quarter past six,
énam suku; dia bélum and he’s not yet come.
datang.
Ah! Dia sudah datang. Ah! Here he comes.
Ma’afkan saya, énche’. Saya Forgive me. I am late.
sudah lewat.
Ta ’apa-lah. Ada sa-téngah That’s all right. We've still got
jam lagi. half an hour.
Tétapi saya sudah tuang teh; But I've made some tea, and
sékarang kita ta’ dan now we haven't got time to
minum. drink it.
Ta’ dan? Boleh-lah kita No time ? Of course we can
minum. drink it.
Mana boleh? Naik becha How can we? It’s twenty
sampai ka-wayang gélap— minutes in a trishaw to the
dua-puloh minit! cinema!
Naik becha? Siapa nak naik In a trishaw ? Who’s going ina
becha ? trishaw ?
Kita nak naik kéreta. Hari ini We're going by car. I bought
saya sudah béli. one today.
Itu kéreta Enche’? Saya ingat Is that your car? I thought it
kéreta sewa. was a taxi.
 SPEAK MALAY! 123
Bukan! Saya sudah dapat No, it isn’t! I've won a lottery,
lotéri; sudah béli sa-buah so I’ve bought a new car.
kéreta baharu.
Bagus-lah! Enche’ sudah Splendid! If youve won a
dapat lotéri, boleh béli tikit lottery, you can pay for my
saya. ticket.
Boleh-lah! Lépas itu kita nak Of course I can! And after that
ka-sa-buah kédai makan we'll go to a restaurant for a
nak makan nasi. meal.
Térima kaseh, énche’! Thank you very much!

Buku ini saya sudah bacha; This book I have read; that
buku itu saya ta’ bacha lagi. book I have not yet read.
Bapa saya ta’ pérgi ka- My father has not gone to
Singapura lagi. Singapore yet.
Gambar “Hang Tuah”’ saya I have not yet seen the picture
ta’ tengok lagi. of “Hang Tuah’’.
Kawan énche’ sudah sampai? Is your friend here yet?
Tidak lagi. Dia nak sampai Not yet. He will arrive
esok. - tomorrow.

B. Word List
bérsétuju agree ma’afkan excuse (vb.);
tuang pour out; make (tea) forgive
tuang teh make tea dan time to (do)
ta’ dan no time to (do) sewa hire
kéreta sewa taxi; hire-car lotéri lottery
dapat lotéri win a /Jottery

C. Grammar
(113) TUANG TEH
This is the correct expression for “make tea’. Although
tuang means “‘pour out’’, tuang teh does not mean “pour out
tea”; that would be banchoh teh, literally “mix tea”, i.e.
124 SPEAK MALAY!
“mixing the tea, milk and sugar together in the cup’. Banchoh
is also used for making drinks like coffee which are often in
powder form and have to be mixed with milk or water before
being drunk. Instead of tuang teh and banchoh kopi, however,
one can say buat teh, and buat kopi.

(114) MANA BOLEH?

A very common colloquial expression meaning literally
something like “how can?”’, an expression which has become
quite common also in Malayan English. It may have many
translations in English, such as, ‘““What a ridiculous idea!”’,
“What on earth are you talking about ?’’, “Absolute nonsense”’
and so on, according to the context and the tone of voice in
which it is uttered.

(115) TIDAK LAGI

These two words are often used together in colloquial
language instead of the more formal bélum which is felt by
some Malays as being rather bookish.

Eighth Week LESSON 38: WEDNESDAY

Minggu Yang Kédélapan Pélajaran Yang Ké-38: Hari Rabu

A. Sentences
Enche’ nak pérgi ka-pasar. You are going to the market.
Ada-kah énche’ nak pérgi ka- Are you going to the market?
pasar?
Ada. Yes.
Ta’ ada. No.
 SPEAK MALAY! 125
Ada-kah énche’ tahu Can you speak Chinese ?
bérchakap bahasa China?
Ada. Saya bélajar lama di- Yes, I can. I studied it for a
Hong Kong. long time in Hong Kong.
Ada-kah énche’ suka makan Do you like eating pork ?
daging babi?
Ta’ ada. Saya orang Mélayu; No, I don’t. ma Malay; I
saya ta’ boleh makan daging can’t eat pork.
babi.
Ada-kah €nche’ nak pérgi ka- Are you going to Penang?
Pulau Pinang?
Ada. Saya nak béli barang Yes, 1am. I’m going to do
di-sana. some shopping there.
Ada-kah énche’ sudah béli sa- Have you bought a new car?
buah kéreta baharu?
Ta’ ada. Saya ta’ ada banyak No, I haven't. I haven't got
duit tahun ini. much money this year.
Ada-kah énche’ dudok di- Do you live in Kuala Lumpur ?
Kuala Lumpur?
Ada. Sudah lima tahun saya Yes, I do. I’ve been living in
dudok di-Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur for five years.
Ada-kah énche’ békérja di-ofis Do you work in Mr Brown’s
Tuan Brown? office ?
Ta’ ada. Saya békérja di-ofis No, I don’t. I work in Mr
Che’ Sulaiman. Sulaiman’s office.
Ada-kah orang itu orang Is that man a Chinese?
China?
Ada. Dia orang Hokkien. Yes, he is. He’s a Hokkien.
Ada-kah nama orang China Is his name Ah Kau?
itu Ah Kau?
Ta’ ada. Nama dia Ah Kim. No, it isn’t. His name is Ah
Kim.
Ada-kah dia tahu bérchakap Can he speak Malay?
bahasa Mélayu?
126 SPEAK MALAY!
Ada. Sudah lama dia dudok Yes, he can. He has been living
di-Malaya. in Malaya for a long time.
Ada-kah dia suka makan Does he like eating very hot
gulai pédas sangat? curry?
Ta’ ada. No, he doesn’t.

B. Word List
No new words.

C. Grammar
(116) ADA-KAH
There are several ways of forming questions in Malay. The
easiest of these we have already learnt to use, viz. keep the
statement form and raise the voice at the end of the sentence
in talking, and write a question mark in writing.
Another easy way is by keeping the statement form but
prefixing it with the words ada-kah which literally means some-
thing like “is it (true) that .. .?” (Cf. French questions begin-
ning with est-ce que.)
Notice how answers are given to questions beginning with
ada-kah: we say simply ada if the answer is in the affirmative
and ta’ ada if the answer is negative. The examples in Section A
speak for themselves; but pay special attention to the free
English rendering in each case.

(117) SUDAH LIMA TAHUN SAYA DUDOK DI-KUALA

LUMPUR; SUDAH LAMA DIA DUDOK DI-MALAYA
Notice the construction exemplified in these two sentences.
Sudah may be used even with a noun (/ima tahun) if the sense
permits. Literally these two sentences mean (a) finished five
years I live in K.L. and (6) completed long time he live in
Malaya.
 SPEAK MALAY! 127

Eighth Week LESSON 39: THURSDAY

Minggu Yang Kédélapan Pélajaran Yang Ké-39: Hari
Khamis
A. Sentences
Dia nak pérgi ka-Kuala Is he going to Kuala Lumpur ?
Lumpur-kah?
Dia nak bacha buku itu-kah? Is he going to read that book ?
Dia-kah nak bacha buku itu? Is he going to read that book?
Dia nak bacha-kah buku itu? Is he going to read that book?
Dia nak bacha buku itu-kah? Is he going to read that book ?
Buku itu-kah dia nak bacha? Is that the book he’s going to
read?

Enche’-kah nak béli sa-buah Is it you who are going to buy

kéreta baharu? a new car?
Ikan ini murah-kah? Ts this fish cheap?
Ikan ini-kah murah? Ts this fish cheap ?

Dia datang-kah? Is he coming ?

Datang. Yes, he is.
Ta’ datang. No, he isn’t.
Bapa dia-kah nak béli kéreta Is it his father who’s going to
di-Singapura? buy a car in Singapore?
Bapa dia. Yes, it is.
Dia datang-kah pada pukul Is he coming at half past nine ?
sémbilan sa-téngah?
Ta’ datang. Dia nak datang No, he isn’t. He is going to
pada pukul sa-puloh. come at ten o'clock.
Pukul sa-puloh-kah dia nak Is it at ten o’clock that he’s
datang? coming ?
Pukul sa-puloh. Yes, it is.
Budak ini-kah énche’ tengok Is this the boy you saw in
di-pékan? town ?
Budak ini. Yes, it is.
128 SPEAK MALAY!

B. Word List
-kah question particle

C. Grammar
(118) -KAH
Here we have another common method of forming questions
in Malay. We simply add -kah to the end of the sentence, or
more accurately we add -kah to the most important word in
the sentence, i.e. the word about which the question is really
being asked. Cf. the first batch of examples in Section A. Pay
special attention to the English translations of these examples.
Notice too (cf. the last batch of examples) how answers are
given to such questions. If the answer is “‘yes”, the word to
which the -kah is added is repeated in the answer with or with-
out other words. The examples given will make this clear. If
the answer is “no”, the answer will contain tidak, bukan or
bélum (or any of their alternative forms) according to the
structure of the original statement.

Eighth Week LESSON 40: FRIDAY

Minggu Yang Kédélapan Pélajaran Yang Ké-40:
Hari Juma’at
A. Sentences
Kélmarin sa-orang kawan Yesterday a friend of mine in
saya di-Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur died.
sudah mati.
Orang itu bélum mati. That man has not yet died—or
that man is not yet dead.
Orang itu tidak mati lagi. ditto
 SPEAK MALAY! 129

Ada-kah énche’ sudah bacha_ Have you read this book ?

buku ini?
Ta’ ada. Saya bélum bacha. No, I haven't read it yet.
Ta’ ada. Saya ta’ bacha lagi. ditto
Ada-kah énche’ suka makan _—Do you like eating hot curry?
gulai pédas?
Ada. Saya sangat suka makan. Yes, J do; I like it very much.
Ada-kah €nche’ suka makan __—Do you like eating durians?
buah durian?
Ta’ ada. Banyak orang puteh No, I don’t. Many Europeans
ta’ suka makan. don’t like them.
Dia-kah nak datang malam ini? Js he coming tonight?
Dia. Dia nak sampai pukul Yes, he is. He'll arrive at a
lapan tiga suku. quarter to nine.
Malam ini-kah dia nak datang? Js it to-night he’s coming?
Malam ini. Yes.

B. Word List
No new words.

C. Grammar
(119) Revise the grammar of Lessons 36-39 (Grammar
sections 110-118).

Eighth Week REVISION LESSON H: WEEK-END

Minggu Yang Kédélapan Pélajaran Ulang-kaji H: Hari Sabtu dan
Hari Ahad

A. Sentences
Revise all the sentences of Lessons 36-40.

B. Word List
Revise all the word lists of Lessons 36-40.
S.M.—)
130 SPEAK MALAY!

C. Grammar
Revise all the grammar sections (110-118) of Lessons 36-39.

D.-EXercises.
(1) Make up twenty questions using the three different ways
you have learnt and give the answers to them.
(2) Put each of the following statements into question form
three different ways:
(a) Orang itu orang China.
(b) Enche’ tahu bérchakap bahasa Tamil.
(c) Bapa dia nak datang esok.
(d) Emak énche’ sudah mati.
(e) Dia sudah dapat surat daripada bapa dia.
(3) Read aloud the following conversation:
A. Apa khabar, énche’?
B. Khabar baik. Apa khabar bapa énche’?
A. Bapa saya sihat sangat, tétapi sa-orang kawan saya
sudah sakit. Dia sudah masok rumah sakit di-Kuala
Lumpur. Kita ingat dia nak mati.
. Dia ta’ mati lagi?
. Bélum. Saya ingat dua tiga hari lagi dia nak mati.
Orang kata kapada saya bapa énche’ sudah sakit; apa
khabar dia?
Khabar baik sangat. Minggu lépas dia sakit sangat;
dia masok rumah sakit di-Ipoh, tétapi sékarang dia
sudah baik; dia sudah kéluar dari rumah sakit nak
balek ka-rumah. Dia sudah béli sa-buah kéreta
baharu, sékarang dia nak pérgi ka-Singapura nak
bérchuti tiga minggu di-sana.
. Bagus-lah! Di-mana dia nak tinggal di-Singapura?
a>
. Dia nak tinggal di-rumah sa-orang kawan saya.
. Ada-kah orang itu orang India?
 SPEAK MALAY! 131

B. Ta’ ada. Kawan saya itu orang puteh. Dia ada sa-
buah rumah di-pantai; bapa saya boleh dudok
di-pantai tengok laut (sea).
A. Dia nak bérénang-kah ?
B. Bapa saya-kah? Tidak bérénang. Dia ta’ tahu
bérénang.
(4) Translate the conversation in (3) into English.
(5) Translate into Malay:
(a) Can your mother swim? No, she can’t.
(6) Can that Indian speak English? No, he can’t. He can
only speak Tamil.
(c) Che’ Ahmad’s father is dead.
(d) Has your father bought that big house in Ipoh? No.
(e) At first he couldn’t speak Malay, but last year he
went to school every day to learn. Now he 1s very good
at speaking Malay.
(f) That Chinese has been livin, in Malaya for a long
time but he is no good at (speaking) Malay.
(gz) Malaya is now independent.
(A) Singapore is not yet independent.
(i) I have been learning Chinese for three years, but I
am not yet good at speaking it.
(j) Do you like sitting on the beach watching the sea?
Yes, I*do:
Ninth Week LESSON 41: MONDAY
Minggu Yang Késémbilan Pélajaran Yang Ké-4] : Hari
Isnen

A. Sentences
Orang itu kéna dénda sa-ratus That man incurred a fine of
ringgit. $100, or, that man was fined
$/00.
Orang itu kéna hukum That man incurred sentence of
gantong. hanging, or, that man was
sentenced to be hanged.
Orang itu sudah kéna tangkap. That man has incurred arrest,
or, that man has been
arrested, or, that man is
under arrest.

Orang itu kéna luka. That man was wounded.

Orang itu kéna hukum pényjara. That man was sentenced to
prison.
Orang itu sudah mati kéna That man has died of a disease
pényakit. (lit. has died incurring
disease).
Jari dia sudah Juka kéna pisau. | His finger is cut with a knife,
or, he’s cut his finger with a
knife
Orang itu sudah mati kéna That man has been killed
langgar kéreta. through being knocked down
by a car.

Saya kéna pérgi ka-pasar nak I must go to the market to do

béli barang. some shopping, or, I’ve got to
go to the market to do some
shopping.
 SPEAK MALAY! 133
Enche’ kéna bagi dia dua- You've got to give him twelve
bélas ringgit. dollars.
Kita kéna pérgi ka-ofis pada = We’ ve got to go to the office at
pukul lapan sa-téngah pagi. half past eight in the morning.
Suka-ta’-suka dia kéna pérgi Whether he likes it or not, he’s
ka-ofis juga. got to go to the office.
Suka-ta’-suka dia kéna bélajar Whether he likes it or not, he’s
bahasa Inggéris juga. got to learn English.
Suka-ta’-suka kita kéna Willy-nilly we had to spend the
bérmalam di-Ipoh juga. night in Ipoh,
Suka-ta’-suka énche’ kéna Whether you like it or not,
békérja juga. you've got to work.
Dia suka-ta’-suka, bapa saya Whether he likes it or not, my
sudah pérgi ka-Kuala - father has gone to Kuala
Lumpur juga. Lumpur.

B. Word List
kéna incur, be affected dénda fine (D.)
by hukum sentence
kéna dénda_ be fined gantong hang
kéna hukum ve sentenced hukum sentence of
kéna hukum be sentenced to gantong death
gantong death tangkap catch, arrest
kéna tangkap be arrested luka wound
kéna luka _—_be wounded pényakit disease, illness
pénjara prison, gaol pisau knife
jari finger kéna langgar be run over by a
langgar collision kéreta car
suka-ta’-suka willy-nilly juga all the same
bérmalam spend the night
134 SPEAK MALAY!

C. Grammar
(120) KENA DENDA
In the first two groups of examples in Section A we meet the
word kéna in its basic meaning, i.e. incurring or being affected
by something. The student will have noticed that the most
natural way of translating this meaning into English is by the
use of the English passive voice. We may almost say that kéna
is used to form the passive in colloquial Malay, especially
where the occurrence is something unpleasant. Strictly speaking
Malay makes no distinction whatever between active and
passive in its verbs, but it may help the English speaking
student to think of kéna in this way.
In the third group of examples we see kéna in its extended
meaning of obligation or duty. Could this perhaps be because
duty is so often unpleasant?
In both cases the examples will teach you more than a long
explanation; so study them carefully.

(121) SUKA-TA’-SUKA...(JUGA)
This is a very useful expression which may have various
translations in English. Suka-ta’-suka is usually followed at the
end of the sentence by juga, a word to which it is difficult to
assign a single meaning in English. In these sentences it means
something like a// the same [whether he likes it or not he’s got
to go to the office all the same] but it does not really need to be
translated into English, although it is necessary in Malay. We
shall have more to say about juga later; for the moment only
use it in this construction and you will not come to grief.
 SPEAK MALAY! 135

Ninth Week LESSON 42: TUESDAY

Minggu Yang Késémbilan Pélajaran Yang Ké-42: Hari
Sélasa
A. Sentences
Nak ka-mana, énche’? Where are you off to?
Saya nak ka-rumah sakit nak /’m off to the hospital to see
tengok bapa saya. my father.
Bapa énche’ sakit-kah? Ts your father ill?
Sakit-lah. Kélmarin dia Yes. Yesterday hefell down-
térjatoh tangga; kaki dia stairs and broke his leg.
sudah patah.
Kasehan dia! Dia kéna Poor fellow! Has he got to stay
tinggal lama-kah di-rumah long in hospital?
sakit?
Kita ta’ tahu lagi. Tétapi doktor We don’t know yet. But the
kata lébeh-kurang tiga doctor says about three
minggu. weeks.
Bapa énche’ orang tua-kah? —_/s your father an old man?
Bukan tua, bukan muda; dia Neither old nor young; he’s
bérumor lima-puloh tahun. fifty years old.
Bagus. Saya ingat sa-kéjap That’s fine. I should think he'll
lagi dia sudah baik. soon be well again.
Sékarang saya kéna pérgi ka- Now TI’ve got to go to a friend’s
rumah sa-orang kawan, house, but this evening I was
tétapi pétang ini saya ingat thinking of going to see your
nak pérgi tengok bapa father myself. Will that be
énche’ séndiri, boleh-kah? all right ?
Boleh-lah! Bapa saya dudok Of course it will. My father’s
sa-orang di-rumah sakit; all by himself in the hospital;
dia nak suka hati sangat nak he will be delighted to see
tengok énche’. you.
136 SPEAK MALAY!

Pagi ini saya bacha dalam This morning I read in the

surat khabar, sa-orang paper that a communist ter-
péngganas komyunis kéna rorist had been shot in Negri
tembak di-Négéri Sémbilan. Sembilan.
Sudah mati-kah? Ts he dead?
Sudah. Kalau dia ta’ kéna Yes, he is. If he hadn’t been
tembak, téntu dia kéna shot, he would certainly have
hukum gantong. been sentenced to be hanged.
Saya déngar dua orang I hear that two other bandits
péngganas lagi sudah kéna were arrested.
tangkap.
Sudah. Dua orang itu muda Yes, they were; those two were
sangat; nak kéna hukum very young; they'll only be
pénjara sahaja. sentenced to prison.
Jari énche’ sakit-kah? Ts there something wrong with
your finger ?
Sakit. Pagi tadi sudah luka Yes. I] cut it this morning with
kéna pisau chukor saya. my razor.
Baik énche’ pakai pisau chukor You'd better use an electric
lektrik; jari ta’ kéna luka. razor, then you won't cut
your fingers!
Pisau chukor lektrik mahal Electric razors are very dear; I
sangat—saya ta’ tahan can’t afford one.
bélanja.
Mahal-lah; tétapi pissu chukor Yes, they are; but they're not
lektrik tidak bérbahaya. dangerous.

B. Word List
térjatoh = fall down tangga Stairs, Staircase,
téryatoh ladder
tangga fall downstairs patah broken, fractured
kaki leg, foot doktor doctor
kasehan pity muda young
 SPEAK MALAY! 7
kasehan 4 sa-kéjap
dia! poor fellow! lagi soon
tua old (of people) pétang afternoon,
bérumor to be aged; to be evening
old tembak shoot
péngganas terrorist, bandit Négéri
komyunis communist Sémbilan Negri Sembilan
négéri State (n.), country tadi just now
kalau if chukor shave
téntu certain, certainly pisau
pagitadi this morning (refers chukor razor
to the past only) pakai use; wear, put on
lektrik electric bélanja expense, cost
tahan hold out, stand, tahan to be able to
last (vb.), endure - bélanja afford

C. Grammar
(122) TERJATOH TANGGA
Literally: fell the stairs. There is no need for a preposition
in such a sentence in Malay. The simple juxtaposition of the
two words is sufficient.

(123) TUA-LAMA
Normally tua is used with people and /ama with things.
Sometimes however, we find /ama used with people. It then
means ‘‘old’’ in the sense of ‘“‘previous”’, “‘ex-”. Examples:
9 oe

kawan tua an old friend (i.e. a friend who is an old

man)
kawan lama an old friend (i.e. a friend one has known
for a long time, but who may still be
young)
guru lama saya my old teacher (i.e. the teacher I had when
I was at school)
S.M.—5*
138 SPEAK MALAY!

(124) PETANG INI

Pétang means afternoon and that part of the evening which
is still in daylight. Evening after dark is malam.

(125) NEGERI SEMBILAN

Literally: Nine States. Negri Sembilan consists of nine small
states joined together into one unit. The ruler is elected and is
not a Sultan or a Raja; he is called Yang di-Pértuan Bésar,
i.e. he who has been made the great lord. Perlis is ruled by a
Raja, Malacca and Penang have Governors, and all other
states are ruled by sultans. The Paramount Ruler of the whole
Federation of Malaya is called the Yang di-Pértuan Agong,
i.e. he who has been made the general lord. He too is elected,
but by the other rulers.

(126) CHUKOR
This word is transitive. That is to say, it means “‘to shave
someone else”. To shave oneself is bérchukor. Examples:

Orang China itu sudah chukor dia.

That Chinese has shaved him.
Pagi-pagi saya bérchukor pada pukul tujoh.
I shave at seven o’clock every morning.

Ninth Week LESSON 43: WEDNESDAY

Minggu Yang Késémbilan Pélajaran Yang Ké-43: Hari Rabu

A. Sentences
Déngan siapa énche’ nak Who are you going with?
pérgi?
Siapa nak datang malam ini Who’s coming to dinner this
makan nasi? evening ?
 SPEAK MALAY! 139
Apa €nche* sudah béli hari ini? What have you bought today ?
Apa €énche’ nak kata kapada What are you going to say to
dia? him ?
Buku mana énche’ sudah Which book have you read?
bacha?
Di-pékan mana dia dudok? In which town does he live ?

Ada siapa-siapa dalam rumah Is there anybody in that house ?

itu?
Ada apa-apa dalam poket Ts there anything in your
énche’? pockets ?
Buku mana-mana énche’ boleh You can read any book.
bacha.
Ada-kah siaza-siapa sudah Has anyone come to see you?
datang nak tengok énche’?
Ada-kah siapa-siapa dalam Is there anybody in my room?
bilek saya?
Ada-kah apa-apa sudah Has anything fallen off that
térjatoh dari meja itu? table ?
Ada-kah apa-apa dalam poket Ts there anything in that boy’s
budak itu? pocket ?
Dia ta’ boleh dudok di-pékan He’s not allowed to live in any
mana-mana di-Négéri Kédah. town in Kedah.
Ta’ ada siapa-siapa di-sini There isn’t anybody here now.
sékarang.
Hari ini ta’ ada apa-apa di- There’s nothing in the market
pasar. today.
Apa ada dalam kotak itu? What is there in that box ?
Ta’ ada apa-apa dalam kotak There is nothing in that box.
itu.
Buku ini, di-kédai mana-mana You can buy this bock in any
boleh béli. shop.
140 SPEAK MALAY!

B. Word List
siapa-siapa anyone, anybody apa-apa anything
mana-mana any (adj.) poket pocket
bilek room, bedroom meja table
Négéri Kédah Kedah kotak (small) box

C. Grammar
(127) SIAPA, APA, MANA
Siapa and apa are interrogative pronouns meaning who (or
whom), and what respectively. Mana is an interrogative adjec-
tive meaning which, and, like all adjectives in Malay, follows
its noun.

(128) SIAPA-SIAPA, APA-APA, MANA-MANA

When these interrogative words are reduplicated they lose
their interrogative meaning, but retain their grammatical
nature, i.e. the first two are still pronouns and the third one
remains an adjective.
When doubled in this way they become indefinite pronouns
and an indefinite adjective respectively. In this use they are
very close in meaning and usage to the English indefinite pro-
nouns and adjectives beginning with any. They are alike in
usage because they can, as in English, only be used in negative
and interrogative sentences. In English, in positive sentences,
any-words are changed to some-words, e.g. we say someone is
coming not anyone is coming. These some-words are dealt with
differently in Malay.
The examples given in Section A should make the usage of
these reduplicated forms clear.
 SPEAK MALAY! 141

Ninth Week LESSON 44: THURSDAY

Minggu Yang Késémbilan Pélajaran Yang Ké-44: Hari
Khamis
A. Sentences
Siapa-pun tidak sampai lagi. Nobody has yet arrived.
Siapa-pun tidak tahu Nobody knows how to speak
bérchakap bahasa Mélayu Malay here.
di-sini.
Apa-pun ta’ sédap di-kédai Nothing is worth eating in that
makan itu. restaurant.
Apa-pun ta’ kéna chukai. Nothing is dutiable (lit. nothing
incurs duty).
Di-kédai mana-pun ta’ boleh You can’t get that book in any
dapat buku itu. shop (or: in no shop can you
- get that book).
Di-rumah mana-pun ta’ ada There are no Chinese in any of
orang China. the houses.
Dikédai mana-mana pun You can buy those things in
boleh béli barang itu. any shop.
Di-mana-mana pun ta’ boleh You can’t get them anywhere.
dapat.
Siapa-siapa pun boleh pérgi Anybody can go to Kuala
ka-Kuala Lumpur. Lumpur.
Siapa pun ta’ boieh pérgi ka- Nobody can go to Singapore
Singapura hari ini. today.
Apa-apa pun boleh pakai nak You can use anything you like
buat kérja ini. to do this job.

Sa-orang pun ta’ ada dalam There isn’t a soul inside that
rumah itu. house.
Hari ini di-pasar sa-biji buah Today in the market there
manggis pun ta’ ada. isn’t a single mangosteen.
Lémbu ini sa-ekor pun bélum Not one of these cattle has yet
mati. died.
142 SPEAK MALAY!

Kalam sa-batang pun saya ta’ I haven't got a single pen.

ada.
Rokok sa-batang pun dia ta’ He hasn't got a single cigarette.
ada.
Hari ini rokok sa-batang pun I haven’t smoked a single
saya tidak isap lagi. cigarette yet today.
Kampong itu sudah térbakar; That village has been burned
sa-buah rumah pun ta’ ada down; there isn’t a single
lagi. house left.
Duit dia sudah habis. Satu sen His money’s all gone. He hasn't
pun ta’ ada lagi. got a cent left.
Siaran ini sudah habis. Satu This programme is over. There
minit pun ta’ ada lagi. isn’t a minute left.

B. Word List
chukai duty, tax kéna be dutiable, be
rokok cigar, cigarette chukai taxable
sa-hatang a cigar, a isap to smoke
rokok cigarette térbakar to be burned down,
kampong _ village, compound catch fire
habis finish, finished -pun ef. (129, 130).
sudah habis all gone, over

C. Grammar
(129) SIAPA PUN TIDAK SAMPAI
The interrogatives siapa, apa, and mana become equivalent
to the English no-one (or nobody), nothing and no (adj.) when
they are combined with pun and one of the various words
meaning not. Often they may be reduplicated at the same time
with no change in meaning. Without the not (tidak, etc.) they
have the same meaning as they do without the pun, that is
anyone, anything, and any. The examples in Section A will
make this clearer than a long explanation here.
 SPEAK MALAY! 143
(130) SA-ORANG PUN TA’ ADA
Here, pun means something like the English even, i.c. even
one person there is not. This idiom is very common; study the
examples in Section A carefully, and you will see how it works.

Ninth Week LESSON 45: FRIDAY

Minggu Yang Késémbilan Pélajaran Yang Ké-45:
Hari Juma‘at
A. Sentences
Orang salah itu kéna dénda The guilty man was fined
dua-ratus ringgit. $200.
Dua orang péngganas Two communist terrorists have
komyunis sudah kéna hukum been sentenced to death.
gantong.
Dua orang pénjahat sudah Two bandits have been arrested.
kéna tangkap.
Kaki orang itu sudah luka That man has cut his leg with a
kéna pisau. knife.
Pagi ini hidong saya sudah This morning I cut my nose
luka kéna pisau chukor. with a razor.
Sékarang saya kéna pérgi ka- I’ve got to go to the market now
pasar nak béli barang. to do some shopping.
Pada pukul lapan dia kéna At eight o'clock he’s got to go
pérgi ka-sékolah nak bélajar to school to learn Malay.
bahasa Mélayu.
Siapa nak datang pada pukul Who’s coming at a quarter to
sémbilan tiga suku? nine ?
Apa dia nak buat besok di- What’s he going to do to-
Singapura? morrow in Singapore?
Di-rumah mana dia dudok Which house is he living in
sékarang? now ?
144 SPEAK MALAY!

Ada siapa-siapa dalam rumah Is there anybody in your house ?

énche’?
Ada apa-apa saya boleh buat Is there anything I can do in
di-Singapura ? Singapore ?
Siapa pun tidak mahu datang Nobody wants to come to this
ka-sékolah ini. school.
Apa-apa pun ta ada di-pasar There’s nothing in the market
hari ini. to-day.
Hari ini buku mana-mana pun Today you can read any book
boleh bacha. you like.
Hari ini surat sa-puchok pun There wasn’t a single letter
ta’ada. today.

B. Word List
salah wrong, guilty pénjahat bandit, terrorist
hidong nose puchok cl. for letters

C. Grammar
(131) Revise the grammar of Lessons 41-44.

Ninth Week REVISION LESSON I: WEEK-END

Minggu Yang Késémbilan Pélajaran Ulang-kaji I: Hari Sabtu dan
Hari Ahad

A. Sentences
Revise all the sentences in Lessons 41-45.

B. Word List
Revise all the word lists in Lessons 41-45.

C. Grammar
Revise all the grammar sections (120-130) in Lessons 41-44.
 SPEAK MALAY! 145
D. Exercises
(1) Make up twenty sentences using what you have already
learnt.

(2) Read aloud the following conversation:

A. Ada-kah énche’ sudah bacha surat khabar hari ini?
B. Ada. Saya bacha ada dua orang péngganas sudah
kéna tembak di-Négéri Sélangor; dua orang lagi
sudah kéna tangkap.
. Dua orang lagi itu nak kéna hukum apa?
. Ta’ tahu lagi. Saya ingat dua orang itu nak kéna
hukum gantong. Dua orang itu bukan orang muda.
. Ada apa-apa lagi-dalam surat khabar hari ini?
>
wm. Ada-lah. Ada sa-buah kampong térbakar. Sa-buah
rumah pun ta’ ada lagi. Sa-ratus orang kéna luka.
Banyak orang sudah masok rumah sakit.
. Di-mana-kah kampong itu?
o> Saya sudah térlupa (forget). Saya ingat kampong itu
di-mana-mana di-Négéri Kélantan.
. Kasehan orang kampong itu!—Apa lagi ada dalam
surat khabar?
. Saya sudah bacha, ada sa-orang kawan saya di-Ipoh
sudah bérkahwin kélmarin. Isti’adat bérsanding dia
bagus sangat. Apa-apa lagi ta’ ada hari ini.

(3) Translate the conversation in (2) into English.

(4) Translate into Malay:

(a) That old man has been fined $200. Poor fellow!
(b) Have you anything to declare? (Say: have you any-
thing incurring duty ?)
(c) No, not one of these things is dutiable.
(2) His father has been run over and killed by a car.
146 SPEAK MALAY!

(e) Five communist terrorists have been sentenced to

death; three more have been sentenced to gaol.
(f) Yesterday in Selangor not one terrorist was arrested.
(g) I couldn’t buy that book anywhere.
(h) Not one of these durians is tasty.
(i) In this village not one person can speak Malay.
(j) There is nothing in that box.
(kK) In this box there are fifty cigarettes.
(1) I haven’t got a single cigarette left.
(m) She hasn’t received a single letter to-day.
(n) There is nobody in my room.
(o) He has cut his nose with a razor.
Tenth Week LESSON 46: MONDAY
Minggu Yang Késapuloh Pélajaran Yang Ké-46: Hari
Isnen
A. Sentences
Di-atas meja ini ada lima On this table there are five
buah buku. books.
Kuching itu sudah naik ka- The cat has climbed on to my
atas meja saya. table.
Buku saya sudah térjatoh dari- My book has fallen off the
atas meyja. table.
Rumah orang itu ada di-atas That man’s house is on top of a
sa-buah gunong tinggi. high mountain.
Kéreta api ini tidak boleh naik This train can’t climb to the top
ka-atas gunong itu. of that mountain.
Orang ini sudah mati térjatoh This man was killed by falling
dari-atas rumah tinggi itu. from the top of that high
building.

Di-bawah meja ini ada sa-ekor Under this table there is a cat.
kuching.
Kuching itu bérlari ka-bawah The cat ran under the table to
meja nak tangkap sa-ekor catch a mouse.
tikus.
Sékarang tikus itu sudah Now the mouse has run from
bérlari dari-bawah meja; under the table; and the cat’s
kuching nak ikut. going to follow him.
Tikus sudah bérlari ka- The mouse has run behind a big
bélakang sa-buah lémari cupboard.
bésar.
Sékarang dia bérsémbunyi di-. Now he’s hiding behind the cup-
bélakang lémari itu. board.
148 SPEAK MALAY!

Kuching sudah nampak; tikus The cat’s seen him; the mouse
sudah bérlari dari-bélakang has run from behind the cup-
lémari. board.
Sékarang kuching dudok di- Now the cat’s sitting behind the
bélakang lémari; tikus cupboard and the mouse’s
dudok di-dépan. sitting in front (of it).
Lambat-lambat kuching Slowly the cat is coming from
datang dari-bélakang ka- behind to the front of the
dépan lémari. cupboard.
Sékarang tikus itu sudah takut; Now the mouse is frightened;
sudah lari dari-dépan he’s run away from the front
lémari. of the cupboard.
Tikus itu sudah naik ka-atas The mouse has climbed on to
meja; kuching chari di- the table; the cat’s looking
bawah; ta’ boleh nampak for him underneath, but he
tikus. can’t see him.
Sékarang tikus sudah lompat Now the mouse has jumped off
dari-atas meja, masok ka- the table and gone into his
dalam lobang dia. hole.
Dari-dalam lobang dia, dia From inside his hole, he can see
boleh nampak kuching. the cat.
Di-dalam lobang itu tikus ta’ Inside his hole the mouse can-
boleh kéna luka. not be hurt.

B. Word List
atas top di-atas on the top (of), on
ka-atas to the top (of), dari-atas from the top (of), off
on to tinggi tall, high
gunong mountain bérlari = run
bawah underneath (n.) tikus rat, mouse
lari run away bélakang back, behind (n.)
ikut follow; according lémari cupboard
10 dépan _ front
 SPEAK MALAY! 149
bérsémbunyi hide (intrans.) takut fear (vb.), be
lambat- afraid, frightened
lambat slowly lompat jump
obang hole

C. Grammar
(132) ATAS, BAWAH, BELAKANG, DEPAN
The easiest way to deal with these words, and several others
like them which we shall learn in the course of the next few
lessons, is to think of them as nouns rather than as. preposi-
tions. They then mean “‘top’’, “underside”, “‘back” and “‘front”’
respectively. They can be used by themselves, especially in
colloquial speech, as if they were prepositions indicating
position. Examples:
atas meja on the table
bawah lémari under the cupboard
bélakang rumah _ behind the house.
dépan saya in front of me
but more correctly they should always be used with one of the
three prepositional prefixes, ka-, di-, dari-. The choice of prefix
is quite easy to make. When the meaning is that of “rest’’,
“staying still in one place’, the correct prefix is di-:
di-atas meja ada tiga buah buku
on the table are three books
di-bawah lémari ada sa-ekor tikus
under the cupboard is a mouse

When motion towards something is implied, the correct prefix

is ka-:
dia pérgi ka-bélakang rumah
he went (to) behind the house
saya masok ka-dalam rumah
I went into the house
150 SPEAK MALAY!
Note carefully the difference between

dia bérjalan ka-bélakang rumah

he walked behind (i.e. to the back of) the house

and

dia bérjalan-jalan di-bélakang rumah

he was walking (about) behind the house (i.e. he could not
be seen from the front)

The use of dari- is more obvious to English speakers because

we normally use from in the same way. Notice however:

saya ambil buku dari-atas meja

I took the book from (the top of) the table

buku térjatoh dari-atas meja

the book fell off the table

Bearing all this in mind the student will see that the real
meanings of these words, atas, bawah, etc. are really those of
nouns, i.e. di-atas means “‘on the top (of), ka-atas means “‘to
the top (of), and dari-atas really means “from the top (of)’,
and so on in the case of the other variable prepositions, as we
may call them for want of a better word. When putting English
into Malay, we must first of all consider very carefully the
exact meaning of the English. We must ask ourselves whether
rest, motion towards or motion away from is meant by the
English preposition. It will then be quite easy for us to pick
the right form in Malay.
 SPEAK MALAY! 151

Tenth Week LESSON 47: TUESDAY

Minggu Yang Késapuloh Pélajaran Yang Ké-47: Hari
Sélasa
A. Sentences
Di-sa-bélah rumah saya ada By the side of (next door to)
sa-buah kédai kop). my house there is a coffee
shop.
Dia bérjalan ka-sa-bélah He is walking towards the side
rumah itu. of that house.
Orang itu sudah bérpindah That man has moved from be-
dari-sa-bélah rumah kita. side (from next door to) our
house.
Di-antara dua-buah rumah ini Between these two houses there
ada sa-buah kédai makan. is a restaurant.
Kéreta dia sudah pérgi ka- His car has gone in between
antara dua-buah kéreta bas. two buses.
Sa-buah kéreta bésar sudah A big car has come out from
kéluar dari-antara dua-buah between those two houses.
rumah itu.
Kéreta dia sudah bérhénti di- His car has stopped in the
téngah jalan. middle of the road.
Sa-orang mata-mata sudah A policeman has gone into the
pérgi ka-téngah jalan nak middle of the road to speak
bérchakap déngan dia. to him.
Mata-mata itu sudah suroh dia The policeman has told him to
bawa kéreta dari-téngah drive his car away from the
jalan. middle of the road.
Sékarang dia bawa kéreta ka- Now he’s driving the car to the
tépi jalan. side of the road.
Kéreta sudah bérhénti di- The car has stopped at the side
tépi jalan. of the road.
Mata-mata itu marah sangat; The policeman is very angry;
dia bérchakap déngan he’s talking to the man.
orang itu.
{52 SPEAK MALAY!

Sékarang mata-mata itu tulis Now the policeman is writing

nama orang itu ka-dalam the man’s name in his book.
buku.
Sa-kéjap lagi mata-mata itu After a little while the police-
bagi dia bawa kéreta dari- man lets him drive his car
tépi jalan. away from the side of the
road.
Saya ingat orang itu nak kéna I think the man will be fined.
dénda.
Saya dudok di-Pulau Pinang / live in Penang with my father.
déngan bapa saya.
Dia nak potong roti ini déngan He’s going to cut this bread
pisau bésar. with a big knife.
Kélmarin saya bérchakap Yesterday I was talking with
déngan dia di-ofis. him (or to him) in the office.
Déngan siapa énche’ nak pérgi Who are you going to the pic-
tengok wayang gélap? tures with ?
Saya nak pérgi déngan sa- I’m going with a friend of mine.
orang kawan saya.

B. Word List
sa-bélah beside, next door bérpindah move (house)
to, next to antara between, among
kéreta bas bus bas bus
bérhénti — stop (vb.) téngah middle
mata-mata policeman suroh tell, order,
bawa bring, carry, lead, command
take (a person) bawa kéreta drive a car
tépi side, edge

C. Grammar
(133) SA-BELAH, TEPI, TENGAH
These are all variable prepositions and are treated just like
those we studied in (132) in Lesson 46, q.v.
 SPEAK MALAY! 153
(134) KERETA BAS, BAS
Kéreta bas is the more correct form in writing but the simple
bas is probably more common in speech. Bas is, of course, just
a phonetic spelling of the English word.

(135) DENGAN
Déngan is a genuine preposition and as such invariable.
Notice that it is always used after bérchakap and translates
either to or with in the English.

Tenth Week LESSON 48: WEDNESDAY

Minggu Yang Késapuloh Pélajaran Yang Ké-48: Hari Rabu

A. Sentences
Orang itu pandai, ta’ mahu Although that man is clever, he
békérja juga. doesn’t want to work (or:
That man is clever, (but) he
doesn’t want to work all the
same).
Orang itu orang China; pandai Although that man is a Chinese,
bérchakap bahasa Mélayu he is very good at speaking
juga. Malay.
Ta’ ada orang tengok dia, dia Although no one was looking at
békérja juga. him, he was working.
Kopi itu ta’ ada gula, dia Although there isn’t any sugar
minum juga. in the coffee, ne’s drinking it
(all the same).
Budak ini tahu bérchakap Although this boy can speak
bahasa Mélayu, ta’ mahu Malay, he doesn’t want to.
bérchakap juga.
154 SPEAK MALAY!

Dia ta’ mahu pérgi tengok Although he didn’t want to go

guru bésar, pérgi juga. and see the headmaster, he
did go all the same.

Dia dudok di-Malaya tiga hari Although he’s been in Malaya

sahaja, tahu bérchakap only three days, he can speak
bahasa Mélayu pula! Malay!
Dia budak kéchil, tahu Although he’s only a little boy,
bérchakap lima bahasa pula! he can (actually) speak five
languages!
Orang itu tidak salah, kéna Although that man wasn’t
dénda pula! guilty, he got fined!
Budak ini ta’ békérja, lulus Although this boy didn’t do any
dalam pépéreksaan pula! work, he passed the examina-
tion!

Budak ini ta’ suka bérmain Just imagine! This boy doesn’t
bola sepak pula! like playing football!
Orang China itu pandai That Chinese is good at speak-
bérchakap bahasa Tamil ing Tamil. Fancy that!
pula!
Orang pérémpuan ini ta’ suka This woman doesn’t like wear-
pakai pakaian chantek pula! ing pretty clothes. Would
you believe it!
Boleh-kah saya bérchuti besok, Can I have the day off to-
tuan? Boleh juga. morrow, sir? Well, yes, I
SUPPOSE SO.
Enche’ mahu pérgi tengok Do you want to go to the pic-
wayang gélap? Mahu juga. tures? Well, yes, I don’t
mind.
Makanan ini sédap juga. This food isn’t bad (i.e. it’s
quite good).
Budak ini pandai-kah ? Pandai Is this boy clever? Yes, he is
juga. quite bright, I suppose.
 SPEAK MALAY! 155
B. Word List
gula sugar guru bésar headmaster
pula cf. (137) and (138) lulus dalam pass (exams)
pépéreksaan examination bérmain play (vb.)
sepak kick bola sepak football
pakaian clothes, clothing

C. Grammar
(136) ORANG ITU PANDAI, TA’ MAHU BEKERJA JUGA
Notice this idiomatic way of rendering the English a/though.
There are other ways, but this is the commonest in conversation.
The English although-clause becomes the main clause in the
Malay sentence, and juga is tacked on to the end of what would
be the main clause in English. We do something very similar
in colloquial English when we use the words a// the same or
after all. The examples in Section A should be studied carefully;
they will be clearer than a long explanation.

(137) ORANG ITU TIDAK SALAH, KENA DENDA PULA!

Pula is used in place of juga in the construction dealt with in
(136) above, when the clause containing it expresses consider-
able surprise or indignation. Cf. the examples in Section A.

(138) BUDAK INI TA’ SUKA BERMAIN BOLA SEPAK PULA!

Pula at the end of a sentence without any although-clause
simply expresses great surprise or indignation. It has no precise
equivalent in English; one just chooses something that seems
to suit the context, e.g. “fancy that!” “just imagine!” and so
on. Look carefully at the examples in Section A.

(139) BOLEH JUGA

Juga, added in this way to a word, has what might be called
a softening effect on the meaning. Especially when the resulting
156 SPEAK MALAY!

sentence is the answer to a question, it suggests a certain

reluctance on the part of the speaker. If you ask your Malay
teacher whether you can say so and so in Malay, and he says,
“*Boleh”’ or “‘Boleh-lah’’, you are quite safe in doing what you
suggest because it will be right. If, on the other hand, he says
“Boleh juga’, he means something like, “Well, I suppose you
could because you’re not a Malay; but no Malay would ever
say that because it is wrong and sounds very stupid!” He
would be tar too polite ever to say that in so many words. So,
if you are wise, you will treat “boleh juga” in such circum-
stances as if it were identical in meaning with “tidak boleh”.
Once again, the examples in Section A speak louder than
words. Study them carefully and try to get the feel of juga
from them.

(140) LULUS DALAM PEPEREKSAAN

Qne usually passes in an examination in Malay.

Tenth Week LESSON 49: THURSDAY

Minggu Yang Késapuloh Pélajaran Yang Ké-49: Hari
Khamis
A. Sentences
Orang itu sakit térok, mahu Although that man is seriously
pérgi békérja pula! ill, he still insists on going to
work!
Orang. itu kéna tembak, ta’ That man got shot, but he’s not
mati pula! dead.
Orang itu kéna langgar kéreta, That man was run over by acar,
balek bérjalan kaki pula! but he walked home all the
same!
 SPEAK MALAY! 157
Guru bésar suroh dia tulis Although the headmaster told
karangan, dia ta’ tulis juga. him to write an essay, he
didn’t write one.
Budak ini békérja kuat, ta’ Although this boy worked hard,
lulus dalam pépéreksaan he didn’t pass the examina-
juga. tion.
Boleh-kah saya pinjam sa-ratus Can I borrow a hundred dollars
ringgit kapada énche’? from you?
Boleh juga. Tétapi saya bukan Well, yes, I suppose you can.
orang kaya; orang miskin. But I'm not a rich man, ’'m
poor.
Buku ini saya ta’ mahu lagi; I don’t want this book any
boleh-kah saya bagi kapada more; can Igive it to you?
énche’?
Boleh-lah. Térima kaseh. You certainly can! Thank you
Lama saya ingat nak bacha very much. I’ve been think-
buku itu. ing of reading that book fora
long time.

Apa ada di-dalam sémua tong What's in all those big boxes?
bésar itu?
Di-dalam tong itu ada sémua In those boxes is all my lug-
barang saya. gage.
Masa saya bérchuti, saya While I was on leave, I put all
simpan sémua barang di- my things away in big boxes.
dalam tong bésar.
Sékarang saya sudah balek nak Now I have come back to work
békérja di-sini. here.
Baik kita buka tong ini dahulu. We'd better open this box first.
Sémua buku saya ada di- It’s got all my books in.
dalam.
Wah! Ayer sudah masok ka- Oh dear! Water has got into
dalam tong; buxu sudah the box, and the books are
basah! wet!
158 SPEAK MALAY!

Saya simpan di-témpat kéring, Although I put them in a dry

sudah basah juga! place, they’ve got wet all the
same!
Tong itu di-sana sudah basah- Has that box over there got
kah? wet ?
Basah juga. Tétapi tong itu ta’ A bit wet. But that box doesn’t
apa; ada pinggan mangkok matter; it’s only got crockery
sahaja di-dalam. in it.
Ada tiga-buah tong lagi; sudah There are three other boxes;
basah-kah ? have they got wet?
Bélum. Ayer ta’ sampai tong No. The water didn’t reach
itu. those boxes.
Mujor-lah! Sémua pakaian That’s lucky! All my clothes
saya ada di-dalam tiga-buah are in those three boxes.
tong itu.

B. Word List
térok acute, severe, sakit térok seriously ill
arduous bérjalan
karangan essay, kaki to walk, go on
composition foot
békérja kuat work hard kuat strong
pinjam kaya rich
kapada _—_borrow from sémua all
miskin poor simpan put away; keep,
tong (big) box, crate store (vb.)
buka open (vb.) wah! oh dear!
dahulu first (adv.) kéring dry
basah wet mangkok bowl
pinggan plate, dish mujor lucky, fortunate
pinggan mujor-lah! that’s lucky!
mangkok crockery
 SPEAK MALAY! 159
C. Grammar
(141) BERJALAN KAKI
Although bérjalan is very often used by itself to mean walk,
its real meaning is to be under way and can be used of vehicles
in motion. Example:

Kéreta bérjalan chépat. The car is going fast.

When there is any emphasis on the wa/king idea, the word kaki
(foot) is usually added. In the sentence given in Section A
above, there is considerable surprise shown that a man run
over by a car should be able to return home on his own two
feet. Hence the sentence is made more emphatic by adding
both kaki and pula.

(142) PINJAM KAPADA

Note that in Malay one borrows to someone, not from
someone. (Cf. French: emprunter a quelqu’un). Lend is either
Pinjamkan, which is a bit bookish, or more colloquially, bagi
pinjam. Examples:

Boleh-kah é€nche’ pinjamkan saya sa-ratus ringgit? or

Boleh-kah énche’ bagi saya pinjam sa-ratus ringgit ?
Can you lend me a hundred dollars?

(143) BAGI
In addition to its meaning of give, bagi is also used to render
the English /et, allow, make, etc. in the formation of what
grammarians like to call causative verbs. A few examples will
suffice:

bagi dia datang let him come

bagi dia tulis surat make him write a letter
bapa dia bagi dia pérgi ka- his father sent him (i.e. made
sékolah him go) to school
160 SPEAK MALAY!
bagi saya pérgi tengok wayang allow me to go to the pictures
gélap

Bagi pinjam [cf. (142)], therefore, really means, not /end,

but allow to borrow, which comes to the same thing.

(144) SEMUA
Although this word would be regarded as an adjective in
English, it is not so regarded in Malay. It is a noun or pronoun
meaning something like “the totality of”, and for this reason
it goes in front of its noun, and does not follow as an adjective
would.

Tenth Week LESSON 50: FRIDAY

Minggu Yang Késapuloh Pélajaran Yang Ké-50
Hari Juma’at
A. Sentences
Di-dalam kotak ini ada sa- In this box there are ten
puloh batang rokok. cigarettes.
Siapa buboh rokok itu ka- Who put those cigarettes into
dalam kotak? the box?
Saya nak ambil sa-batang I’m going to take a cigarette
rokok dari-dalam kotak. from the box.
Di-atas meja ini ada tiga- On this table there are three
buah buku bésar. big books.
Sa-buah buku lagi sudah One more book has fallen off
térjatoh dari-atas meja. the table.
Sékarang buku itu ada di- The book is now under the
bawah meja. table.
Saya nak ambil buku itu dari- I'm going to pick up the book
atas lantai. from the floor.
 SPEAK MALAY! 161
Di-sa-bélah rumah kita ada By the side of our house is a
sa-buah kédai buku-buku. bookshop.
Di-tépi jalan kita dudok ada By the side of the road we live
parit bésar. in is a large drain.
Di-dalam parit itu ada banyak In the ditch there is a lot of
ayer. water.
Kélmarin ada sa-orang budak Yesterday a Chinese boy fell
China térjatoh ka-dalam into the drain.
parit.
Budak itu térjatoh ka-dalam Although that boy fell into the
parit, tidak luka juga. drain, he wasn’t hurt.
Budak itu budak kéchil, dia Although he was a little boy, he
tahu bérénang juga. knew how to swim.
Pakaian dia sudah basah, Although his clothes got wet,
badan dia ta’ kéna luka juga. his body wasn’t harmed.
Orang India ini tidak pandai, Although this Indian isn’t
tahu bérchakap bahasa clever, he can speak Chinese!
China pula!
Boleh-kah saya bérchuti lima Can I have five days’ leave?
hari? Boleh juga. Yes, / suppose so.
Boleh-kah saya jémput énche’ Can I invite you to dinner in
makan nasi di-rumah saya? my house ?
Boleh-lah! Térima kaseh. Apa Rather! Thank you very much.
kita nak makan? What are we going to eat?
Kita nak makan makanan We’re going to have Malay
Mélayu; énche’ suka makan- food; do you like it?
kah?
Suka juga; tétapi saya lagi Yes, I do quite like it; but 1
suka makan makanan prefer Chinese food.
China.

S.M.—6
162 SPEAK MALAY!

B. Word List
buboh put lantai floor
parit ditch, drain badan body
lagi suka prefer

C. Grammar
(145) Revise the grammar of Lessons 46-49.

Tenth Week REVISION LESSON J: WEEK-END

Minggu Yang Késapuloh Pélajaran Ulang-kaji J: Hari Sabtu dan
Hari Ahad

A. Sentences
Revise all the sentences of Lessons 46—50.

B. Word List
Revise all the word lists of Lessons 46-50.

C. Grammar
Revise all the grammar sections (132-144) of Lessons 46-49.

D. Exercises
(1) Make up thirty sentences using what you have learnt so
far, and especially what you have learnt in Lessons 46-50.
(2) Read aloud the following brief conversation:

A. Enche’ sakit-kah? Kélmarin énche’ ta’ datang ka-

ofis.
B. Sakit juga. Kélmarin saya bérjalan di-tépi jalan; tiba-
tiba datang sa-buah kéreta bésar; saya ta’ nampak,
térjatoh ka-dalam parit.
 SPEAK MALAY! 163
A. Kélmarin ada banyak ayer di-dalam parit. Pakaian
énche’ sudah basak-kah?
B. Sudah. Badan saya ta’ kéna luka juga. Tétapi dcktor
kata baik saya tinggal di-rumah nak tidor kélmarin.
Saya ta’ mahu datang ka-ofis.
(3) Translate the conversation in (2) into English.
(4) Translate into Malay:
(a) Although that man is an Indian he is very good at
speaking Chinese.
(6b) This Chinese boy doesn’t like eating pork, would you
believe it?
(c) Although the mouse ran into his hole under the cup-
board, the cat caught him.
(d) Do you like English food? I don’t mind it; but I pre-
fer Malay food.
(e) Would you like to go to the pictures? Would I!?
I haven’t been to the pictures for a long time. Thank
you very much.
(f) I’ve put fifty cigarettes in this box. Do you want to
smoke?
(zg) My father is very old; he doesn’t like to see women
smoking cigarettes.
(h) Although his mother is an old woman she smokes
fifty cigarettes a day!
(i) Although Malay curry is very hot, many Europeans
like eating it.
(j) Is that curry hot? Yes, I suppose it is rather.
Eleventh Week LESSON 51: MONDAY
Minggu Yang Késabelas Pélajaran Yang Ké-51: Hari
Isnen

A. Sentences
Pérgi tengok apa orang itu Go and see what that man is
buat! doing!
Sélalu bérchakap bahasa Always speak Malay!
Mélayu!
Tengok! Orang itu sudah Look! That man has fallen off
térjatoh dari-atas bumbong the roof of that house.
rumah itu.
Siapa orang itu? Bawa dia Who is that man? Bring him to
kapada saya. me.
Mari ka-sini! Saya nak Come here! I want to talk to
bérchakap déngan énche’. you.
Mari ka-rumah saya pada Come to my house at half past
pukul lima sa-téngah. five.
Jangan bérchakap déngan Don’t speak to that man.
orang itu.
Mari lékas. Jangan lengah di- Come on quickly. Don’t hang
sini. about here.
Jangan datang pada pukul Don’t come at four o'clock;
émpat; mari pada pukul come at five.
lima.
Pérgi-lah ka-rumah dia, Just go to his house, and ask
jémput dia ka-rumah kita him to our house for dinner.
nak makan nasi.
Mari-lah ka-rumah saya pada Do come to my house at half
pukul sémbilan sa-téngah. past nine.
Jangan-lah pérgi sékarang; Oh, don’t go now; we haven't
kita bélum makan nasi. had dinner yet.
 SPEAK MALAY! 165
Jangan-lah bérchakap bahasa OA, don’t speak Chinese to this
China déngan orang ini; dia man; he can’t speak
ta’ tahu bérchakap bahasa Chinese.
China.
Jangan-lah pakai baju lama Don't wear that old coat; buy
itu; béli-lah baju baharu. a new one.

Baik énche’ pérgi ka- You'd better go to Singapore

Singapura besok. tomorrow.
Baik énche’ jangan pérgi You'd better not go to the pic-
tengok wayang gélap. tures.
Baik kita sélalu bérchakap We'd better always speak
bahasa Mélayu sahaja. Malay only.
Baik énche’ jangan béli You'd better not buy a new
kéreta; baharu énche’ ta’ada_ car; you haven't got enough
chukup duit. money.

B. Word List
bumbong roof jangan don’t
lengah idle (vb.); baju coat, jacket, blouse
hang about chukup enough, sufficient

C. Grammar
(146) GIVING ORDERS IN MALAY
There are many ways of giving orders in Malay, and we shall
now begin to deal with them in ascending order of politeness.
Each new form should be thought of as more polite than the
preceding one.

(a) The simplest and most direct way to give a command is

to use the plain and simple verb without any additions:

pérgi! go!
béli baju baharu! buy anew coat!
bawa dia ka-sini! bring him here!
166 SPEAK MALAY!
The negative of this (English don’t) is formed by placing
jangan before the verb:

jangan pérgi! don't go!

jangan béli kéreta! don’t buy a car!
jangan makan! don’t eat (it)!

The only exception to this rule is the verb datang, which is

only used in commands when negative; in the positive form the
word mari is usually substituted:

mari ka-sini! come here!

jangan datang malam ini! don’t come to-night!
In this connexion cf. (41) in Lesson 14.

(b) The force of a command is softened slightly, and thereby

made more polite, if we add to the verb, when the command is
positive, and to the jangan, when the command is negative,
the particle -/ah.

pérgi-lah! oh, do go!

mari-lah ka-rumah saya! do come to my house!
jangan-lah lengah! oh, don’t hang about!

(c) Politer still is the form we have already learned in (39)

in Lesson 14, viz. prefixing the word baik to the verb; the nega-
tive of this is baik jangan:

Baik énche’ pérgi ka-Tanjong. You’d better go to Penang.

Baik jangan tulis surat itu. You'd better not write that
letter.

Study the examples in Section A above and try to feel the

difference between the various forms. We shall discuss still
more polite forms in the next lesson.
 SPEAK MALAY! 167

Eleventh Week EESSON S22 TUESDAY

Minggu Yang Keésabelas Pélajaran Yang Ké-52: Hari
Sélasa
A. Sentences
Mari-lah kita bérchakap Come on, let’s speak Malay
bahasa Mélayu hari ini. today.
Mari-lah kita pérgi tengok Come on, let’s go to the pic-
wayang gélap di-pékan. tures in town.
Mari-lah kita bérbual-bual. Come on, let’s have a chat.
Mari-lah kita makan nasi di- Come on, let’s eat in that
kédai makan itu. restaurant.
Mari-lah kita pérgi ka-mésjid Come on, let’s go to the mosque
nak sémbahyang. for prayers.

Enche’ boleh datang ka- _Please come to my house this

rumah saya pétang ini? afternoon (or, of course: can
you come to my house this
afternoon ?).
Boleh chuchi kéreta saya hari Clean my car to-day, will you
ini? please ?
Boleh, tuan. MESSI:
Boleh bawa saya sa-gélas ayer Please bring me a glass of cold
séjuk? Boleh, tuan. water. Yes, sir.

Ta’ payah buat kérja ‘tu hari There is no need to do that job
ini. today.
Ta’ payah pérgi ka-kédai itu; Don't bother to go to that shop;
besok saya nak pérgi s€ndiri. I'll go myself tomorrow.
Ta’ payah tuang teh sékarang; Don’t bother to make tea now;
saya nak kéluar. I'm just going out.
Ta’ payah tulis surat kapada Don’t bother to write hima
dia; besok dia nak datang letter; he’s coming himself
séndiri. tomorrow.
168 SPEAK MALAY!

Jangan tidak bérchakap bahasa Whatever you do, don’t fail to

Mélayu di-rumah itu. speak Malay in that house.
Jangan tidak datang ka-rumah At all costs come to my house
saya pada pukul sémbilan. at nine o'clock.
Jangan tidak pérgi tengok Don’t miss going to see the
Tokong Ayer Itam di-Pulau Ayer Itam Temple in
Pinang. Penang.
Jangan sa-kali-kali pérgi ka- Whatever you do, don’t go to
rumah orang itu. that man’s house.
Jangan sa-kali-kali masok sa- Don’t ever go into the jungle by
orang ka-dalam hutan. yourself.
Jangan sa-kali-kali buka kotak Don’t open that box over there,
itu di-sana. whatever happens.

Masa énche’ datang dari-Ipoh When you are coming from

ka-Alor Sétar, jangan tidak Ipoh to Alor Star, don’t for-
singgah di-rumah saya di- get to call in at my house in
Kuala Kangsar. Kuala Kangsar.
Jangan tidak déngar siaran Don’t fail to listen to the
“Speak Malay” hari-hari “Speak Malay” programme
pada pukul énam sa-téngah. every day at 6.30.

B. Word List
bérbual-bual have a chat chuchi clean (vb.)
gélas glass séjuk cold
ta’ payah there’s no need, sa-kali once
don’t bother jangan sa-
sa-orang alone, by oneself kali-kali don’t ever
hutan jungle, forest singgah call in, stop off
 SPEAK MALAY! 169
C. Grammar
(147) GIVING ORDERS IN MALAY (cont.)
(a) Mari-lah kita corresponds to the rather friendly English
form “come on, let’s do such and such’’. See the examples in
Section A above.
(5) Probably the easiest and neatest way of giving a polite
command in Malay is to ask if the person is able to do some-
thing instead of telling him baldly to do it. Boleh used in this
way is more or less equivalent to the English “‘please’’.
(c) Ta’ payah, “there is no need to’, is a good way of politely
telling or asking someone not to do something. Once again
see the examples in Section A above.

(148) JANGAN TIDAK

In Malay, as in English, double negatives cancel each other
out quite mathematically. Jangan tidak, therefore, does not
mean don’t but do, and a very emphatic do indeed. It corres-
ponds more or less to “‘don’t fail to” in English.

(149) JANGAN SA-KALI-KALI

This is more or less the opposite, or rather the negative, of
jangan tidak. The English examples in Section A will make this
clear. Kali really means time (in the sense of occasion); sa-kali
means once; so jangan sa-kali-kali (the reduplication is for
emphasis) means “don’t even once” or “don’t ever’.
Kali is a useful word:

sa-kali once
dua kali twice
tiga kali three times, etc.

S.M.—6*
170 SPEAK MALAY!

Eleventh Week LESSON 53: WEDNESDAY

Minggu Yang Késabélas Pélajaran Yang Ké-53: Hari Rabu

A. Sentences
Saya pun nak pérgi juga. I’m going too.
Saya nak bacha buku ini; dia I’m goving to read this book;
pun nak bacha juga. and he’s going to read it too.
Besok dia nak pérgi ka-Raub; Tomorrow he’s going to Raub;
lusa saya pun nak pérgi juga. the day after tomorrow I'm
going too.
Besok dia nak pérgi ka-Raub; Tomorrow he’s going to Raub,
saya pun nak pérgi sama. and I’m going too (i.e. ’'m
going with him).
Dia nak makan nasi; saya pun He’s going to eat; andI’m
nak makan nasi juga. going to eat too.
Dia nak makan; saya pun nak He’s going to eat, and I’m
makan nasi sama. going to eat with him.

Buku ini saya nak bacha; buku I’m going to read this book:
itu pun saya nak bacha juga. and I’m going to read that
book too.

Makanan orang puteh saya ta’ I dor’t like European food; and
suka makan; makanan India I don’t like Indian food
pun saya ta’ suka makan either.
juga.
Gambar itu saya sudah tengok; I have seen that film; I’ve also
gambar ini pun saya sudah seen this one.
tengok juga.
Saya sudah nampak orang itu; T have seen that man; this man
orang ini pun sudah saya I have seen too.
nampak juga.
 SPEAK MALAY! 171
Hari ini saya nak pérgi ka- I’m going there today; and
sana; besok pun nak pérgi I’m also going there to-
juga. morrow.
Kérja ini boleh buat besok; You can do this job tomorrow;
lusa pun boleh juga. or the day after tomorrow
would be all right too.
Boleh buat macham ini; You can do it this way, and you
macham itu pun boleh juga. can do it that way too.
Boleh pérgi ikut ini; ikut itu You can go this way, and you
pun boleh pérgi juga. can go that way too.
Jangan buat macham ini; Don’t do it like this; and don’t
macham itu pun jangan don’t do it like that either.
buat juga.
Makanan Mélayu sédap Malay food is very tasty;
sangat; makanan China pun Chinese food is tasty too.
sédap juga.
Orang ini orang China; orang This man’s a Chinese; so is
itu pun orang China juga. that one.
Buah itu buah durian; buah That fruit’s a durian; and so is
ini pun buah durian juga. this one.
Bapa saya nak datang besok; My father’s coming tomorrow,
émak saya pun nak datang and my mother’s coming
sama. with him.

B. Word List
pun... juga also, too macham ini like this, this way
macham itu /ike that, that ikut ini this way
way (direction)
ikut itu that way
(direction)
7/2? SPEAK MALAY!

C. Grammar
(150) SAYA PUN NAK PERGI JUGA
Pun followed by juga expresses the English also or too, or, in
a negative sentence, either. The pun is attached to the word
referred to by the also, the whole group then being placed at
the head of the sentence. The word to which pun is attached
may be almost any part of speech; most commonly it is
attached to the subject or object of a sentence or to an ad-
verbial phrase. The juga is placed right at the end. The examples
in Section A should be carefully studied as they should make
this point clear.

(151) JUGA/SAMA
Notice the difference in meaning between such sentences as:
Saya pun nak pérgi juga. I’m also going (i.e. 1 am going
to the same place but not
with the other person
mentioned.)
and:
Saya pun nak pérgi sama. I'm going too (i.e. I am going
with the other person
mentioned).

Eleventh Week EESSON 54: THURSDAYS

Minggu Yang Késabélas Pélajaran Yang Ké-54: Hari
Khamis
A. Sentences
Apa énche’ buat? What are you doing ?
Saya chuba nak buka tong I’m trying to open this big box;
bésar ini; tong itu pun kéna I’ve got to open that one too.
buka juga.
 SPEAK MALAY! 173
Boieh-kah saya tolong énche’? Can I help you?
Boleh-lah. Susah sangat nak Yes, please. These two boxes
buka tong dua-buah ini. are very difficult to open.
Saya ingat, baik énche’ jangan ! don’t think you should open
buka macham itu. them like that.
Macham itu boleh juga; tétapi I suppose you could do it that
baik buka macham ini. way, but it'd be better to open
them this way.
Saya ingat, macham ini pun I think we could do it this way
boleh juga. Boleh-kah ? too, couldn’ t we?
Boleh-lah! Macham itu pun Yes, of course. We could open
boleh buka juga. them that way too.
Apa ada dalam tong ini? What’s in these boxes? Your
Barang énche’-kah? luggage?
Barang saya. Baharu saya Yes. I've just come back from
balek dari-England. Saya England. I was on leave there.
bérchuti di-sana.
Baik-lah, tong ini sudah Good. This box is open now.
térbuka sékarang.
Wah! Ayer sudah masok ka- Oh, dear! The water has got
dalam tong. Barang saya into the box. My things are
sudah basah. wet.
Ka-dalam tong ini pun ayer The water’s got into this box as
sudah masok juga. well.
Tong itu ta’ apa. Pakaian saya That box doesn't matter. That
sahaja ada di-dalam tong one’s only got my clothes in.
itu.
Pakaian boleh chuchi. Dalam Clothes can be washed. In this
tong ini ada buku saya; buku box are my books, and I
ta’ boleh chuchi. can’t wash those.
Saya sudah marah sunggoh. I'm very angry. I put these
Barang ini saya sudah things away in a dry place.
simpan di-témpat kéring. Somebody's moved them.
Orang sudah aleh.
174 SPEAK MALAY!

Bila saya nak pérgi ka- When I was just off to England,
England saya kata kapada I told the people here not to
orang di-sini jangan sa-kali- move my things on any
kali aleh barang saya dari- account from the dry place.
témpat kéring itu.
Sékarang barang saya sudah Now my things are ruined, and
habis; apa-apa pun ta’ boleh I can’t do anything about it.
buat.
Bila saya pérgi ka-England When I went to England on
nak bérchuti, barang saya leave my things got wet as
pun sudah basah juga. well.
Saya pun marah juga. Apa-apa I was angry too. There wasn’t
pun ta’ boleh buat. anything I could do about it.
Lain kali saya nak simpan di- Next time, I shall store them in
rumah sa-orang kawan. a friend’s house.
Saya pun nak buat macham I'll do the same.
itu juga.

B. Word List
tolong help (vb.) susah difficult
térbuka — open (adj.) sunggoh real, really, very}
aleh move (tr.) true
lain kali next time, another lain different
time

C. Grammar
(152) PAKAIAN BOLEH CHUCHI
This sentence defies analysis in terms of English grammar. It
is a good example of the absence in Malay of both active and
passive voices. Literally, “clothes can clean’, you can trans-
late it how you like; here the English passive seems most
appropriate: “clothes can be cleaned”, but one might argue
that the subject has been left out (if that really means any-
 SPEAK MALAY! 175
thing!) and that “clothes, (you) can clean (them)” would be
more correct. However one analyses it, the fact remains that
the Malay sentence says, “clothes can clean”, and the best
thing to do is get used to that idea. Such sentences are not only
possible but common in Malay, although they are impossible
in English.

Eleventh Week LESSON 55: FRIDAY

Mingeu Yang Késabélas Pélajaran Yang Ké-55:
Hari Juma’at
A. Sentences
Masa énche’ dudok di-Malaya, When you are living in Malaya,
sélalu bérchakap bahasa always speak Malay.
Mélayu.
Pérgi ka-sékolah hari-hari pada Go to school every day at half
pukul tujoh sa-téngah pagi. past seven in the morning.
Jangan balek sa-bélum pukul Don’t come back before two
dua pétang. o'clock in the afternoon.
Jangan békérja macham itu; Don’t work like that; always
sélalu békérja macham ini. work like this.
Jangan-lah pérgi lagi; bapa Don’t go yet} my father would
saya mahu bérchakap déngan like to speak to you.
énche’.
Pérgi-lah sékarang tengok apa Please go now and see what he
dia buat. is doing.
Boleh tuang teh sékarang? Sa- Would you mind making the
kéjap lagi saya nak kéluar. tea now? I’m going out ina
minute.
Boleh chuchi kéreta saya hari Would you cleanmy car tcday,
ini? Besok saya nak kéluar. please? I’m going out to-
morrow.
176 SPEAK MALAY!

Masa énche’ bérchuti di- While you're on leave in Perlis,

Négéri Pérlis, jangan tidak don’t miss going to see the
pérgi tengok Pulau Langkawi. island of Langkawi.
Masa énche’ bérchuti di- While you’re on leave in China,
Négéri China, jangan tidak make sure you speak
bérchakap bahasa China. Chinese.
Jangan sa-kali-kali pérgi ka- Whatever you do, don’t go to
kédai makan itu; makanan that restaurant; the food’s
ta’ sédap. no good.
Jangan sa-kali-kali pérgi On no account go and see that
tengok wayang gélap itu. film.
Besok bapa saya nak datang; Tomorrow my father’s com-
lusa €mak saya pun nak ing; the day after, my
datang juga. mother’s coming, too.
Besok dia nak pérgi ka-Kuala Tomorrow he’s going to Kuala
Lumpur; lusa pun dia nak Lumpur and the day after
pérgi juga. he’s going again.
Buah durian saya suka makan; I like durians and | also like
buah manggis pun suka mangosteens.
makan juga.

B. Word List
sa-bélum before (time) Négéri China China
Négéri Pérlis Perlis

C. Grammar
(153) Revise the grammar of Lessons 51-54.
 SPEAK MALAY! 17

Eleventh Week REVISION LESSON K: WEEK-END

Minggu Yang Késabélas Pélajaran Ulang-kaji K: Hari Sabtu dan
Hari Ahad
A. Sentences
Revise all the sentences of Lessons 51-55.

B. Word List
Revise all the word lists of Lessons 51-55.

C. Grammar
Revise all the grammar sections (146-152) of Lessons 51-54.

D, Exercises
(1) Make up thirty sentences using what you have learnt.
(2) Read aloud the following conversation:
A. Apa khabar?
B. Khabar baik. Enche’ nak ka-mana?
A. Saya nak ka-séteshen (station) kéreta api. Bapa saya
nak sampai dari-Ipoh. Dua tiga hari lagi, émak saya
pun nak sampai juga.
Emak énche’ tidak sampai déngan bapa?
>. Tidak. Emak saya ada banyak kérja di-sékolah, ta’
boleh datang sama.
B. Di-mana sékolah émak énche’?
> . Sékolah itu di-Ipoh. Emak saya guru bésar sékolah
itu.
B. Emak saya pun guru bésar juga. Sékolah dia di-Bukit
Mértajam. Bapa énche’ ta’ mahu nanti di-Ipoh
sampai émak boleh datang?
A. Mahu juga. Tétapi émak saya kata kapada dia:
Sudah lama anak kita ta’ tengok bapa; jangan sa-
kali-kali nantikan saya. Pérgi-lah sékarang. Sa-kéjap
lagi saya pun boleh pérgi juga.
178 SPEAK MALAY!

B. Sékarang sudah pukul lapan. Pukul lapan sa-puloh

minit kéreta api nak sampai. Baik énche’ jangan
lengah di-sini. Pérgi-lah sékarang. Jangan sa-kali-kali
bagi bapa nantikan énche’.
(3) Translate the conversation in (2) into English.
(4) Translate into Malay:
(a) My son wants to eat that durian, and your son wants
to eat it too.
(b) My father is going to the pictures and my mother is
going with him; tomorrow I’m going too.
(c) Whatever you do, don’t help that boy; although he is
clever, he doesn’t want to work.
(d) Don’t fail to see the film of ““Hang Tuah”’; it is a good
film.
(e) Would you mind driving my car? My hands (tangan)
are sore and I can’t drive myself.
(f) Do come to our house for dinner tonight.
(g) The railway station at Alor Star is smali, and so is
the station at Kangar in Perlis.
(h) Don’t bother to clean the car today; I’m on holiday
tomorrow.
(i) I have been to Singapore twice.
(j) He can also speak Chinese.
Twelfth Week LESSON 56: MONDAY
Minggu Yang Kéduabélas Pélajaran Yang Ké-56: Hari
Isnen
A. Sentences
Pasal apa orang itu mahu Why does that man want to go
pérgi ka-pékan? to town?
Kérana dia mahu béli barang. Because he wants to do some
shopping.
Sébab dia mahu béli barang. Because he wants to do some
shopping.
Pasal apa énche’ tidak béli Why don’t you buy a new car?
kéreta baharu?
Kérana duit saya ta’ chukup. Because I haven’t got enough
money.
Pasal apa énche’ ta’ mahu Why don’t you want to learn
bélajar bahasa China? Chinese ?
Sébab saya ta’ bérapa pandai Because I'm not very good at
bélajar bahasa asing. learning foreign languages.
Pasal apa bapa énche’ sudah Why has your father gone into
masok rumah sakit? hospital ?
Kérana dia sakit dalam pérut. Because he’s got stomach
trouble,
Pasal apa istéri Enche’ ta’ béli Why didn’t your wife buy that
ikan itu? fish?
Sébab ikan itu mahal sunggoh; Because it was very dear, and
kita ta’ tahan bélanja. we couldn't afford it.
Pasal apa orang China itu Why is that Chinese so good at
pandai bérchakap bahasa speaking Malay ?
Mélayu?
Kérana dia dudok lama di- Because he has been living in
Malaya—lébeh-kurang dua- Malaya for a long time—
puloh tahun. about twenty years.
180 SPEAK MALAY!
Enche’ tahu-kah pasal apa Do you know why that boy did
budak itu ta’ lulus (dalam) not pass the examination ?
pépéreksaan ?
Saya ingat dia ta’ lulus kérana J think he didn’t pass because
dia ta’ bérapa rajin. he wasn’t very hardworking.
Bapa dia pun sa-macham juga. His father’s just the same.
Bapa dia ségan sangat. He’s very lazy.
Saya ta’ tahu pasal apa émak J don’t know why my mother
saya bélum sampai dari- hasn't yet arrived from
Kuantan. Kuantan.
Barangkali kérana dia ada Perhaps it’s because she has got
banyak kérja di-rumah. a lot of work at home.
Dia kéna balek bérjalan kaki He had to walk home because
sébab dia ta’ ada duit lagi. he hadn’t got any money left.
Tuan saya marah sangat kérana My boss was very angry be-
saya lambat sampai ka-ofis. cause I was late getting to
the office.
Saya ta’ tahu pasal apa dia ta’ J didn’t know why he hadn't yet
datang lagi; anak saya pun arrived; and my son didn’t
ta’ tahu juga. know either.
Pasal apa énche’ tidak datang Why didn’t you come to my
ka-rumah saya sa-malam? house last night ?
Sébab saya sudah démam; saya Because I got fever; I had to go
kéna tidor. to bed.

B. Word List
pasal concerning, about pasalapa why
sébab cause, motive; kérana because
because asing separate; foreign
ta’ bérapa not very rajin diligent;
pérut stomach hardworking
sa-macham the same barangkali perhaps
ségan lazy démam fever; have a
sa-malam_ /Jast night fever
 SPEAK MALAY! 181
C. Grammar
(154) WHY? and BECAUSE
There are numerous words for why and because in Malay,
but pasal apa and kérana or sébab are the most common in the
colloquial language. Kérana and sébab are interchangeable.
From the examples given in Section A it will be obvious that
these words are used in just the same way as their English
counterparts.

Twelfth Week LESSON 57: TUESDAY

Minggu Yang Kéduabélas Pélajaran Yang Ké-57: Hari
Sélasa
A. Sentences
Bila bapa énche’ nak sampai? When will your father arrive?
Dia nak sampai esok pada He’s arriving at ten o'clock to-
pukul sa-puloh pagi. morrow morning.
Bila énche’ datang ka- When did you come to Malaya?
Malaya?
Saya datang pada tahun sa- I came in 1954.
ribu sémbilan-ratus lima-
puloh émpat.
Bila énche’ nak balek ka- When are you going back to
England nak bérchuti? England on leave ?
Saya nak pérgi ka-England I’m going to England next year
tahun dépan nak bérchuti for six months’ leave.
énam bulan.
Bila Malaya dapat When did Malaya get her
kémérdekaan ? independence ?
Malaya sudah mérdeka pada Malaya became independent in
bulan August tahun lépas. August last year.
182 SPEAK MALAY!

Bila ériche’ nak bayar hutang When are you going to pay
énche’? your debts ?
Saya nak bayar hutang saya I'll pay my debts at the end of
pada akhir bulan. the month.
Bila énche’ dapat gaji énche’? When do you get your salary?
Biasa-nya saya dapat-gaji saya Usually I get my salary at the
pada akhir bulan. end of the month.
Pasal apa énche’ ta’ minta Why don’t you ask for your
gaji tiap-tiap minggu ? salary every week ?
Sudah minta; tuan saya ta’ I did; but my boss wouldn't give
bagi juga; dia lagi suka it; he prefers to pay his
bayar gaji orang dia pada employees’ wages at the end
akhir bulan. of the month,
Pasal apa? Why ?
Dia kata, sébab macham itu He says because it’s easier that
sénang lagi. way.
Bukan sénang; susah. Macham It’s not easy, it’s difficult; in
itu orang sélalu bérhutang. that way people are always
in debt.
Saya bérsétuju; macham itu I agree; in that way I can’t
saya ta’ boleh simpan duit. save any money.
Pasal apa énche’ mahu simpan Why do you want to save
duit? money ?
Sébab saya bukan orang gaji Because I’m not a government
kérajaan; tuan saya ta’ bagi servant, my boss doesn’t
penshen. give a pension.
Baik énche’ dapat gaji tiap- You'd better get your pay
tiap minggu; simpan duit every week and save some
dalam posofis. money in the post office.
Saya bérsétuju; saya nak minta I agree; I'll ask him again for
sa-kali lagi. (ihe
 SPEAK MALAY! 183
B. Word List
bayar pay (vb.) hutang debt
akhir end gaji salary, wages, pay
biasa-nya usually minta ask for, demand
sénang easy bérhutang indebted, be in
bérsétuju agree debt
orang gaji servant, employee simpan duit save money
penshen pension kérajaan government
sa-kali lagi again, once more

C. Grammar
(155) There is nothing in the sentences in section A of this
lesson which is not self-explanatory.

Twelfth Week LESSON 58: WEDNESDAY

Minggu Yang Kéduabélas Pélajaran Yang Ké-58: Hari Rabu

A. Sentences
Orang yang saya tengok di- The man whom I saw in town
pékan—orang China. was a Chinese.
Orang yang bagi saya buku The man who gave me this book
ini nak datang sa-kali lagi is coming again next week.
minggu dépan.
Budak yang lulus dalam The boy who passed the ex-
pépéreksaan—budak India. amination is an Indian boy.
Ada-kah énche’ tengok orang Did you see the Chinese who
China yang datang kélmarin came to our house yester-
ka-rumah kita? day?
Di-mana buku yang saya Where is the book which I put
buboh ka-atas meja di- on the table in your room?
dalam bilek énche’?
184 SPEAK MALAY!

Di-dalam surat yang saya In the letter which I received

dapat kélmarin bapa saya yesterday my father says he
kata dia nak sampai hari ini. will arrive today.

Orang yang datang esok pada The man who is coming to my

pukul énam ka-rumah saya house at six o'clock to-
itu orang Mélayu. morrow is a Malay.
Nama kampong yang térbakar The name of the village which
pada akhir bulan Jépas itu was burned down at the end
Kampong Bahagia. of last month is Kampong
Bahagia.
Tahun yang saya sampai ka- The year in which J arrived in
Malaya itu tahun sa-ribu Malaya was 1950.
sémbilan-ratus lima-puloh.

Yang bésar itu saya ta’ mahu; That big one I don’t want; I
yang kéchil pun ta’ mahu don’t want the small one
juga. either.
Saya mahu bacha buku itu; I want to read that book;
boleh énche’ bagi kapada please give it to me.
saya?
Yang mana? Yang merah-kah, Which one ? The red one or the
yang hijau-kah? green one?
Yang merah saya ta’ mahu; I don’t want the red one, and I
yang hijau pun ta’ mahu don’t want the green one
juga. Bagi saya yang biru. either. Give me the blue one.
Yang ini-kah? This one ?
Yang itu. Yes, that one.
Tétapi yang ini bukan biru; But this one isn’t blue; this one
yang ini hiyau. is green.
Di-mana yang murah? Yang Where are the cheap ones?
ini mahal. Yang murah ta’ These(ones)are dear; haven’t
ada-kah ? you got any cheap ones?
 SPEAK MALAY! 185
B. Word List
yang who, whom, which, merah red
that (rel.) hijau green
biru blue

C. Grammar
(156) YANG as a relative pronoun
Yang, which we have already had as an indicator of ordinal
numerals as well as in a number of set expressions, is used more
or less like the English relative pronouns who, whom, which,
that. It may be the subject or object of the clause it intro-
duces:
orang yang datang the man who comes (subj.)
orang yang saya nampak the man whom I saw (obj.)
Yang is never used in conjunction with a preposition. If the
English sentence would lead one to expect a preposition in the
Malay, the preposition is either left out, or the problem is
settled by phrasing the sentence differently in Malay:

tahun yang saya sampai ka-Malaya

the year (in) which I arrived in Malaya
{In this case notice that we can also say in English: the
year I arrived in Malaya. I.e. we can leave out both the
preposition and the pronoun. ]
meja témpat saya buboh buku itu
the table on which I put the book
[témpat, “‘place’’, is used as a kind of relative word indicat-
ing spatial relationship].

oT) DANG nT
When the clause introduced by yang is very long, there is a
definite danger with the looseness of Malay sentence structure
that we may forpet that we are in the middle of a relative clause
and that we may end up by getting irretrievably lost in the
186 SPEAK MALAY!

sentence. Therefore, when the relative clause is getting too long

for comfort, Malay reminds us of what is going on by, as it
were, tying the loose ends together with the word itu, which 1s
piaced at the end of the clause. The relative clause then stands
within verbal ‘brackets’, the bracketing words being yang,
at the beginning, and itu, at the end.
This itu refers, not to the word immediately before it, but to
the whole clause which it ends. If the clause would end in itu
or ini, anyway, then there is no need to add a second itu.
Study carefully the second batch of examples in Section A.

(158) YANG plus ADJECTIVE

When yang is used alone with an adjective the effect is the
same as using THE. . . ONE in English. Bésar means “‘big’’, but
yang bésar means “‘the big one’’. Similarly yang mana, yang itu
and yang ini mean “which one’’, “that one” and “this one”
respectively. Look carefully at the third batch of examples in
Section A.

(159) Omission of YANG

In English we can omit the relative pronoun in speaking
except when it is the subject ofits clause. For instance, although
we cannot omit the who in “the man who came’’, we can omit
the pronoun in “the man (whom) I saw” or “the book (which)
I read it:in’”.
In Malay, too, yang is often omitted where it can be in
English, and also even when it is the subject provided that no
ambiguity results. Examples:

buku saya bacha _ the book I read

rumah kita dudok the house we live in

For the time being, however, until the student has a greater
 SPEAK MALAY! 187
feeling for the language, it would be better not to omit yang,
as the dangers of ambiguity are great.
Yang, can, of course, never be omitted in the adjectival
construction described in (158).

Twelfth Week LESSON 59: THURSDAY

Minggu Yang Kéduabélas Pélajaran Yang Ké-59: Hari
Khamis
A. Sentences
Rumah bésar. A big house.
Rumah yang bésar. A big house.
Dia sudah béli sa-buah rumah He’s bought a big house.
bésar.
Dia sudah béli rumah yang He’s bought a big house.
bésar.

Saya sudah jual kéreta yang ~=—‘I’ve sold the small car; ’'m
kéchil; saya nak béli yang going to buy a big one.
bésar.
Orang yang bodoh ta’ suka Stupid people don’t like work-
békérja kuat. ing hard.
Orang yang sakit pun ta’ suka _ Sick people don’t like working
békérja kuat juga. hard either.

Orang ini sudah sakit; bawa This man’s been taken ill; take
dia ka-rumah sakit yang him to the new hospital.
baharu.
Saya sangat suka makan I’m very fond of tasty Chinese
makanan China yang sédap. food.
Orang China yang gémok ini This fat Chinese is the father of
bapa budak China yang that thin Chinese boy.
kurus itu.
188 SPEAK MALAY!

Kéreta baharu yang bésar itu That big new car is my father’s.
kéreta bapa saya.
Buku hijau yang kéchil ini This small green book is his
buku émak dia. mother’s.
Orang tua yang gémok itu That fat old woman is this thin
émak budak muda -yang young lad’s mother.
kurus ini.

Orang yang bodoh sangat ta’ Very stupid people do not know
tahu bérchakap bahasa how to talk their own
séndiri. language.
Bapa saya nak naik kéreta My father’s going to Kota
yang bésar sunggoh itu pérgi Bharu in that really big car.
ka-Kota Baharu.
Orang itu orang yang baik That man is a really good
sunggoh. fellow.
Orang yang datang ka-sékolah The man who came to our
kita itu orang yang jahat school is a really wicked
sangat. person.
Buku yang ini buku yang baik This book is a really excellent
sa-kali. book.
Budak ini budak yang rajin sa- This boy is the most industrious
kali di-dalam sékolah kita. boy in our school.
Kéreta ini kéreta yang mahal This car is the most expensive:
sa-kali: harga-nya sa-puloh- it costs ten thousand dollars.
ribu ringgit.
Buku ini buku yang bérguna This book is the most useful
sa-kali. one.

B. Word List
bodoh stupid gémok fat
kurus thin jahat wicked
bérguna useful
 SPEAK MALAY! 189
C. Grammar
(160) RUMAH BESAR, RUMAH YANG BESAR
The difference between these two phrases is that the yang in
the second one throws the emphasis on to the adjective. If we
say, dia sudah béli sa-buah rumah bésar (he has bought a big
house), we are more interested in the house than in its size,
whereas when we say, dia sudah béli rumah yang bésar, we mean
that we knew that the man was going to buy a house, and that
out of all the houses he might have bought, he’s bought a big
one. That is, we are more interested in the size than in the
house.

(161) RUMAH SAKIT YANG BAHARU

Here the noun is a compound noun and, although the yang
could be omitted, the phrase sounds better with the yang.
It is better Malay to insert yang between a compound noun
and its adjective.

(162) MAKANAN CHINA YANG SEDAP

When a noun is qualified by more than one adjective, the
last one normally has yang in front of it. The sensitive student
will realise that there is practically no difference between this
construction and the one mentioned in (161).

(163) ORANG YANG BODOH SANGAT

When the adjective qualifying a noun is itself qualified by
an adverb, yang is placed before the adjective. It could be
omitted, but it is better Malay to retain it.

(164) BUDAK YANG RAJIN SA-KALI

Note this way of indicating a superlative: YANG plus adjec-
tive plus SA-KALI.
190 SPEAK MALAY!

Twelfth Week LESSON 60: FRIDAY

Minggu Yang Kéduabélas Pélajaran Yang Ké-60:
Hari Juma’at

A. Sentences
Pasal apa orang itu tidak Why doesn’t that man eat
makan daging babi? pork ?
Dia tidak boleh makan daging He can’t eat pork because he’s
babi kérana dia orang a Malay.
Mélayu.
Pasal apa énche’ sudah datang Why have you come to
ka-Pulau Pinang? Penang ?
Saya sudah datang ka-sini I have come here because |
sébab saya mahu tengok want to see my father in
bapa saya di-rumah sakit. hospital.
Pasal apa dia ta’ lulus dalam Why didn’t he pass the
pépéreksaan ? examination ?
Dia ta’ lulus kérana dia ta’ He didn’t pass because he
chukup rajin. didn’t work hard enough.
Bila énche’ nak masok sékolah When are you going to the
ménéngah ? secondary school ?
Saya nak masok sékolah I’m going to the English
ménéngah Inggéris tahun secondary school next year.
dépan.
Bila énche’ béli kéreta yang When did you buy that new
baharu itu? car?
Kéreta yang baharu ini saya I bought this new car last
béli bulan lépas. month,
Orang China yang mahu béli The Chinese who wants to buy
kéreta saya yang lama itu my old car is coming again
nak datang lagi sa-kali pada at half past five.
pukul lima sa-téngah.
Enche’ nak jual yang lama- You’re going to sell the old
kah? Saya ingat yang one, are you? I thought it
baharu. was the new one.
 SPEAK MALAY! 19]
Yang baharu-kah? Tidak! The new one? No! I don’t want
Saya ta’ mahu jual yang to sell the new one.
baharu.
Sékolah yang baharu ini This new school is a primary
stékolah réndah; yang lama school; that old one is a
itu sékolah ménéngah. secondary school.
Rumah yang bésar sa-kali itu That extremely large building
sékolah tinggi. is the university.

B. Word List
ménéngah secondary réndah low; primary
sékolah tinggi university

C. Grammar
(165) Revise the grammar of Lessons 56-59.

Twelfth Week REVISION LESSON L: WEEK-END

Minggu Yang Kéduabélas Pélajaran Ulang-kaji L: Hari Sabtu dan
Hari Ahad

A. Sentences
Revise all the sentences of Lessons 56-60.

B. Word List
Revise all the word lists of Lessons 56-60.

C. Grammar
Revise all the grammar sections (154-164) of Lessons 56-59.
192 SPEAK MALAY!

DyeExercises
(1) Make up fifty sentences using what you have learnt dur-
ing the course.
(2) Read aloud the following conversation:

A. Apa khabar, énche’?

B. Khabar baik, énche’. Siapa orang yang saya tengok
kélmarin itu di-luar rumah énche’?

. Itu bapa saya. Kélmarin pada pukul émpat saya

dudok di-luar rumah; tiba-tiba bapa saya sampai
dari-Kuala Lumpur.
B. Enche’ ta’ tahu-kah dia nak datang?
. Tidak. Saya bértanya kapada bapa, pasal apa dia ta’
tulis surat nak bagi saya tahu pukul bérapa dia nak
datang.
. Apa dia kata?

. Dia kata dia ta’ boleh bagi saya tahu, sébab dia ta
tahu séndiri. Dia datang sahaja kérana dia mahu saya
tengok kéreta yang baharu. Dia béli daripada sa-
orang puteh yang nak pérgi ka-England bérchuti.
Orang puteh itu guru bésar sa-buah sékolah ménén-
gah Inggéris di-Négéri Sélangor.
Bérapa lama bapa énche’ nak tinggal di-sini?

. Saya ta’ tahu lagi. Bapa saya sudah démam; doktor

kata dia kéna tidor dua tiga hari. Lépas itu dia boleh
balek ka-Kuala Lumpur.
. Boleh-kah saya datang ka-rumah énche’ nak tengok
bapa énche’?

A. Boleh-lah. Mari-lah énche’ pétang ini.

(3) Translate the conversation in (2) into English.
 SPEAK MALAY! 193
(4) Read aloud the following conversation between Felix,
a student of Malay, and Zainal, his munshi:

Apa khabar, Felix?

Khabar baik, Che’ Zainal.
Boleh Felix kata kapada saya, bila Felix bérmula nak
bélajar bahasa Mélayu?
Boleh. Saya ingat saya bérmula nak bélajar bahasa
Mélayu lébeh-kurang tiga bulan dahulu.
Macham mana bahasa Mélayu kita? Felix ingat
sénang-kah nak bélajar?
Bahasa Mélayu bukan bahasa sénang, bukan bahasa
susah. Kalau orang mahu bélajar bahasa asing, kéna
békérja kuat. Tétapi kalau orang suka békérja kuat,
saya ingat bahasa Mélayu sénang nak bélajar.
Pasal apa énche’ mahu bélajar bahasa Mélayu?
Tahun lépas Malaya sudah mérdeka. Bahasa Mélayu
itu nak jadi (become) bahasa...er... bahasa...,
apa orang Mélayu panggil (call) “‘national language” ?
Orang Mélayu kata “‘bahasa kébangsaan’”’.
Térima kaseh. Bahasa Mélayu nak jadi bahasa
kébangsaan kita. Saya ingat sémua orang yang dudok
di-Malaya kéna bélajar bahasa kébangsaan kita.
Orang Mélayu pun, orang India pun, orang China
pun ta’ apa. Kita sémua mahu jadi orang Malaya.
Kalau kita tidak bélajar bahasa Mélayu, macham
mana kita nak jadi orang Malaya?
. Saya bérsétuju déngan énche’. Enche’ bélajar bahasa
Mélayu tiga bulan sahaja, tahu bérchakap_ baik
sunggoh juga.
FE; Saya ta’ tahu bérchakap banyak lagi, tétapi saya nak
bélajar lagi. Saya sudah béli buku Mélayu nak bacha.
S.M.—7
194 SPEAK MALAY!
Z. Buku yang mana énche nak bacha?
F. Saya nak bacha Hikayat Hang Tuah. Buku itu
baik-kah ?
Z. Baik sunggoh.
(5) Translate the conversation in (4) into English.
(6) Translate into Malay:
(a) That school is a secondary school.
(b) Although he is headmaster of a Chinese secondary
school, he can’t speak Mandarin (bahasa Mandarin).
(c) That large green car is my father’s.
(d) The film we saw last night in town was a very good
Malay picture.
(e) The communist terrorists who were sentenced to
death last month are now dead. They were hanged in
Pudu Gaol.
(f) Because Malaya is now independent, we must all
learn the National Language.
(g) Boys are learning the National Language in the
primary schools; they are learning it in the secondary
schools too.
(h) Give me that bock, please. Which one? The blue one.
(i) Chinese, Malays, Indians—all are Malayans.
(j) The Europeans are beginning to go home because
their work in Malaya is finished.
(k) Why don’t you learn English? Because I am not very
good at learning foreign languages.
(/) English and Malay are very useful languages.
(m) What time is it now? It is twenty to eleven.
(n) In what year did Malaya gain her independence? In
the year 1957.
(0) I was born (jadi) on the 26th of March 1925.
 SPEAK MALAY! 195
(p) How many cigarettes are there in that box? There are
forty-seven.
(q) How many letters did you receive this morning? I got
four.
(r) This boy can’t write his own name!
(s) This boy has been taken ill. Take him to the hospital
in a trishaw; he can’t walk.
(t) The bride whom we saw at the bersanding ceremony
last week was very pretty.
 THE KEY TO THE TRANSLATION
AND OTHER EXERCISES CONTAINED IN THE
REVISION LESSONS

REVISION LESSON A
Exercise D (2)
In the Market
Is this a Malay market?
No, it isn’t; it’s a Chinese market.
Is that man a Chinese?
Yes, he is.
What is he selling?
He is selling meat.
What meat is he selling?
Pork, beef and mutton.
Where does he sell that meat?
In a shop.
What is this man selling in this shop?
He is selling books and newspapers.
Malay books and newspapers?
Od
wD
Or
Wp
W>
D> No. He’s a Chinese. He sells Chinese books and newspapers.

Exercise D (3)
(a) Apa dia jual di-kédai itu?
(6) Budak pérémpuan itu orang China.
(c) Budak laki-laki ini orang puteh.
(d) Budak pérémpuan India ini makan nasi dan daging kambing.
(e) Di-mana kédai itu?
(f) Budak laki-laki China itu tulis apa?
(g) Dia tulis surat.
(h) Di-mana dia béli daging babi?
(i) Orang pérémpuan itu orang Mélayu.
(j) Orang pérémpuan Mélayu itu béli daging kambing di-kédai itu.
 SPEAK MALAY! 197
REVISION LESSON B
Exercise D (3)

Hullo, how are you?

I’m fine, thanks.
Where is there a Malay restaurant?
There’s a Malay restaurant in the Malay market.
D>
>wb Are there many people in that restaurant (lit. shop; it is un-
necessary to repeat the makan ‘“‘ad nauseam” once we have
established the fact that the shop is an eating-shop).
Yes, there are. There’s a lot of Malays in that restaurant.
What do they eat?
ww>In that restaurant there are people eating rice, there are people
eating mutton, and there are people eating beef.
What do they drink there?
0> Some drink tea, some drink coffee, and some drink water.
(Notice this more idiomatic English way of translating a series
of ada orang’s.)
Is there anybody eating fruit?
Yes.
What fruit do people eat in that restaurant?
WD
w> Some eat durians, some eat mangosteens, and some eat ram-
butans.
Cheerio!
oe Bye-bye!

Exercise D (4)

(a) Siapa nama énche’?

(b) Nama saya Ah Chong. Saya orang China.
(c) Enche’ makan daging babi? Makan.
(d) Enche’ makan daging lémbu? Dak; saya orang India; orang
India tidak makan daging lémbu.
(e) Orang China itu jual apa?
(f) Dia jual buku dan surat khabar.
(g) Bapa énche’ di-mana? Bapa saya (ada) di-Kuala Lumpur.
(h) Anak énche’ ada kéreta? Ta’ ada.
(i) Saya ada béskal. Saya ta’ ada kéreta.
(j) Orang Mélayu itu ada kéreta lémbu.
198 SPEAK MALAY!
REVISION LESSON C
Exercise D (3)

A. Trishaw! Come here!

B. All right, sir. Where do you want to go to?
A. I want to go to Kuala Lumpur. I want to go to the pictures there.
B. All right, sir. You’d better get in my trishaw.
(Later)
B. O.K., sir. Here is the cinema.
A. Good. Thank you. Good-bye.
B. Good-bye, sir.

Exercise D (4)
(a) Enche’ mahu naik apa pérgi ka-Singapura?
(6) Saya mahu naik kéreta api.
(c) Enche’ ta’ mahu naik kéreta?
(d) Ta’ mahu. Saya ta’ suka naik kéreta.
(e) Bapa saya balek dari rumah émak saya di-Raub hari ini.
(f) Budak Mélayu ini mahu bélajar bahasa China.
(g) Baik dia pérgi ka-Kuala Lumpur bélajar di-sana.
(h) Emak saya mula bélajar bahasa Tamil kélmarin.
(i) Enche’ tahu bérchakap bahasa Inggéris? Ta’ tahu.
(j) Kélmarin saya pérgi ka-Singapura béli kéreta; ta’ dapat béli.
(k) Tulis surat kapada orang China itu.
(/) Hari ini saya térima surat daripada émak saya.
(m) Saya bagi buah durian kapada dia hari ini.
(n) Besok saya dapat surat daripada dia.
(0) Baik kita tulis surat kapada dia.

REVISION LESSON D
Exercise D (3)
Where did you go to yesterday
I went to Kuala Lumpur.
What did you do in Kuala Lumpur?
I went to a Chinese restaurant.
What did you eat in that restaurant?
wd
D> I ate
wD rice, pork, and three rambutans.
 SPEAK MALAY! 199
Were there a lot of people in the restaurant yesterday?
>w Yes. There were fourteen Chinese eating there; also* there were
two or three** Europeans drinking coffee. There weren’t any
Malays and Indians yesterday.

Did you come back today?

Yes, I did. I returned here by train.

Didn’t you return here by car?

ie
sit
tlie No. I haven’t got a car. I sold my car yesterday in Kuala
Lumpur.

Exercise D (4)
(a) Saya ada tiga BUAH kéreta.
(6) Di-kédai itu ada lima ORANG Mélayu.
(c) Ada €mpat ORANG pénumpang naik kéreta itu.
(d) Bérapa Bir buah durian énche’ béli di-pasar?
(e) Bérapa EKoR kuching énche’ ada di-rumah énche’“

Exercise D (5)
Tiga, tujoh, sémbilan, sa-bélas, Empat-bélas, tujoh-bélas, lapan-
bélas, dua-puloh tiga, dua-puloh énam, tiga-puloh tiga, émpat-
puloh émpat, lima-puloh lima, lima-puloh tujoh, énam-puloh lapan,
tujoh-puloh tujoh, tujoh-puloh sémbilan, lapan-puloh, lapan-
puloh émpat, lapan-puloh énam, sémbilan-puloh, sémbilan-puloh
tiga, sémbilan-puloh lima, sémbilan-puloh sémbilan, sa-ratus.
Sa-ratus énamfj, sa-ratus tiga-puloh tiga, sa-ratus lima-puloh
émpat, sa-ratus énam-puloh tujoh, sa-ratus tujoh-puloh lapan, sa-
ratus lapan-puioh lapan, sa-ratus sémbilan-puloh, sa-ratus s¢mbilan-
puloh sémbilan.

*dan lagi: (lit. and more) means also, furthermore.

**dyq-tiga: (lit. two-three) means two OR three, i.e. there is no need to
translate the English or in such a context in Malay.
+Sa-ratus nam: English says one hundred AND six: Malay does not use
dan in such a context.
200 SPEAK MALAY!
Exercise D (6)
(a) Bérapa orang anak énche’ ada?
(b) Saya ada dua orang anak laki-laki dan tiga orang anak
pér€mpuan.
(c) Bapa saya ada dua buah kéreta.
(d) Saya makan tujoh biji buah manggis kélmarin.
(e) Orang Mélayu itu ada tiga-puloh ekor lémbu.
(f) Ada lima-puloh tiga orang pénumpang naik kéreta api itu.
(g) Kapal api itu ada sa-ratus orang pénumpang.
(h) Emak saya béli dua-puloh émpat biji télor di-pasar Mélayu.
(i) Anak pérémpuan saya suka makan télor.
(j) Di-rumah sakit ini ada sa-ratus lima-puloh orang sakit.

REVISION LESSON E
Exercise D (3)
Hullo, how are you?
I’m fine thanks. Where are you off to?
I’m going to go to the market to do some shopping. After that
I’m going to a restaurant for a meal.
Can I come too?
Yes, of course.
What are you going to buy in the market?
I’m going to buy fish, meat and some durians.
But fish is very dear today; you'd better just buy the meat.
I didn’t know fish was very expensive; my wife said fish was
cheap in this town.
No, it isn’t. Fish here is very expensive.
All right. I won’t buy any. Where is there a Malay restaurant?
I’m very fond of Malay curry.
PD
wD
w
>wD
U>
>wD In the Malay market there are two good restaurants. We can go
to that restaurant over there. Their curry is first class. I'll come
with you and eat there. Do you mind?
> Of course not. Come on; let’s go and eat now. After that we
can do the shopping for my wife.
Do you like hot curry? In that restaurant the curry is very hot.
 SPEAK MALAY! 201
A. You bet! The hotter the better.*
B. What shall we drink with the curry?
A. We'd better just drink water.

Exercise D (4)

() {Southern way]
Tiga ringgit lima-puloh sen; sa-puloh ringgit dua-puloh lima sen;
énam-puloh sen; lima-puloh énam ringgit tujoh-puloh sen; sa-ratus
tiga-puloh énam ringgit Empat-puloh lima sen.
(ii) [Northern way]
Tiga ringgit lima kupang; sa-puloh ringgit dua kupang lima; énam
kupang; lima-puloh énam ringgit tujoh kupang; sa-ratus tiga-
puloh énam ringgit émpat kupang lima.

Exercise D (5)

(a) Saya nak ka-pasar béli barang; lénas itu saya nak makan nasi
di-sa-buah kédai makan China. Enche’ mahu pérgi sama?
(6) Mahu-lah. Saya sangat suka makan makanan China. Makanan
baik di-kédai makan itu?
(c) Di-mana énche’ béli kéreta baharu itu? Saya béli kélmarin di-
Singapura. Enche’ mahu naik?
(d) Kélmarin saya dapat surat daripada émak saya di-Sérémban.
Dia kata bapa saya ada di-rumah sakit di-Kuala Lumpur.
(e) Buku ini bérapa harga-nya? Harga-nya lima-bélas ringgit. Itu
mahal sangat. Bukan mahal; murah. Buku ini baik sangat.
(f) Orang puteh itu sangat suka makan gulai Mélayu pédas sangat.
Dia kata, “‘Lagi pédas lagi baik.”
(g) Saya ta’ tahu orang puteh suka makan gulai. Suka-lah. Banyak
orang puteh suka makan makanan Melayu.
(A) Enche’ nak pérgi ka-mana besok? Saya nak ka-Kuala Kangsar
tengok bapa sakit saya. Emak saya ingat dia nak mati, tapi saya
ingat dia nak hidup.
() Teh ini hangat sangat; saya ta’ boleh minum.
(J) Gulai ini pédas sangat; dia ta’ boleh makan.
* Note the construction
S.M.—7*
202 SPEAK MALAY!
REVISION LESSON F
Exercise D (3)
A. Hullo, how are you?
B. I’m fine. Where are you off to?
A. I’m off to town.
B. What are you going to do in town?
A. I’m going to buy a new car.
B. But you’ve got a big car.
A. That car I sold in Ipoh last Saturday.
B. (When) you sold that car, what did you get for it?
A. For that car I got $3,500. That car was very big, I’m going to
buy a small car.
B. How much do you want to pay for the new car?
A. I’m thinking of paying about four thousand.
B. Can I come to the town with you? I know where you can buy a
very good car.
A. Yes, of course. Thanks very much.
B. Afterwards what are you going to do in town?
A. I was thinking of eating in a Chinese restaurant. Are you fond
of Chinese food?
B. Yes, I am indeed.
A. You'd better come too; you can eat with me.
B. Thank you very much.
A. Don’t mention it.

Exercise D (4)
(a) Kélmarin saya jual kéreta saya di-Kuala Lumpur; saya dapat
émpat-ribu lima-ratus ringgit.
(6) Besok saya nak béli kéreta baharu di-Singapura; saya ingat nak
bagi €nam-ribu ringgit.
(c) Kélmarin dahulu hari sabtu; saya bérchuti dua hari; saya pérgi
ka-Batu Féringgi di-Pulau Pinang nak bérénang.
(d) Sa-orang kawan saya kata, ““Bérbahaya sikit nak bérénang di-
Batu Féringgi; ada banyak ular sélimpat di-sana; baik énche’
dudok di-pantai sahaja.”’
(e) Orang Mélayu suka makan buah pinang, tétapi orang puteh
tidak suka makan.
 SPEAK MALAY! 203
(f) Orang Kédah tidak kata, “Saya nak pérgi ka-Pulau Pinang”;
sélalu kata, “Saya nak pérgi ka-Tanjong” [or “Saya nak pi
Tanjong’).
(g) Banyak orang Mélayu tidak suka makan makanan China:
makanan China ada banyak daging babi; orang Mélayu ta’
boleh makan daging babi.
(h) Pékan Alor Sétar ada lébeh-kurang lima-puloh-ribu orang.
- () Malaya ada lébeh-kurang énam juta orang.
(j) England ada lébeh-kurang lima-puloh juta orang.

REVISION LESSON G
Exercise D (3)

At ten past twelve at night I arrived at my house. I had a bath

and after that { went to bed. This morning I got up a bit late—at a
quarter to eight. Straightaway I had my bath, ate some bread and
drank some coffee. Then I got into my car to go to the office. At a
quarter to nine I arrived there; my boss was very angry. He said:
“You are late—a quarter of an hour!” I said, “Sir, last night I went
to the house ofa friend of mine. His son was getting married. I
stayed at his place until twelve o’clock at night to see the bersanding
ceremony. I went to bed at one o’clock in the morning, and was a bit
late getting up this morning.” My boss is a good fellow. He said,
‘All right! But there’s a lot of work today. Could you stay in the
office until seven o’clock in the evening ?”’ I replied, “Certainly, sir.”

Exercise D (4)

(a) Anak pérémpuan saya nak bérkahwin hari ini; nak ada kénduri
bésar di-rumah péngantin laki-laki.
(b) Banyak orang nak pérgi ka-sana nak tengok isti’adat bérsand-
ing pada pukul sa-puloh sa-téngah.
(c) Anak saya chantek sangat; péngantin laki-laki suka hati sangat.
(d) Saya ingat kita nak tidor lewat malam ini.
(e) Pélajaran ini pélajaran ulang-kaji.
(f) Kapal térbang India itu tiba ka-Singapura pada pukul sa-
bélas lima-puloh tujoh minit malam.
(g) Pagi ini saya lambat nak datang ka-ofis; tuan saya sakit hati
sangat.
204 SPEAK MALAY!
(h) Hari-hari dia chuba bérchakap bahasa Mélayu déngan orang
Mélayu di-ofis; lagi dia chuba, lagi dia pandai bérchakap.
(i) Tuan saya nak pérgi ka-England bulan dépan nak bérchuti.
(j) Saya ta’ tahu di-mana buku saya. Boleh tengok buku énche’?
Boleh-lah.

REVISION LEssoN H
Exercise D (2)

(a) Orang itu orang China?

Ada-kah orang itu orang China?
Orang itu orang China-kah?
(b) Enche’ tahu bérchakap bahasa Tamil?
Ada-kah énche’ tahu bérchakap bahasa Tamil?
Enche’ tahu-kah bérchakap bahasa Tamil?
(c) Bapa dia nak datang esok?
Bapa dia-kah nak datang esok?
Ada-kah bapa dia nak datang esok?
(d) Emak énche’ sudah mati?
Ada-kah émak énche’ sudah mati?
Emak énche’ sudah mati-kah?
(e) Dia sudah dapat surat daripada bapa dia?
Ada-kah dia sudah dapat surat daripada bapa dia?
Dia sudah dapat surat-kah daripada bapa dia?
Exercise D (4)
Hullo, how are you?
I’m fine, thanks. How is your father?
My father’s very fit, but a friend of mine is ill. He’s gone into
hospital in Kuala Lumpur. We think he’s going to die.
He’s not dead yet?
No. I think he will be in two or three days’ time. I was told that
your father is ill; how’s he getting on?
wW
wD
>D He’s doing very nicely. Last week he was very ill, and went into
hospital in Ipoh, but now he’s better. He’s come out of hospital
to go home again. He’s bought himself a new car, and now he’s
going to Singapore for three weeks’ holiday there.
Good show! Where is he staying in Singapore?
> He’s going to stay with a friend of mine.
 SPEAK MALAY! 205
Is he an Indian?
D> No. My friend is a European. He has a house on the beach;
my father wili be able to sit on the beach and look at the sea.
A. Will he go swimming?
B. My father? No, he won’t. He can’t swim.

Exercise D (5)
Ada-kah €mak énche’ tahu bérénang? Ta’ ada.
Orang India itu tahu-kah bérchakap bahasa Inggéris? Ta’ tahu.
Dia tahu bérchakap bahasa Tamil sahaja.
Bapa Che’ Ahmad sudah mati.
Bapa énche’ sudah-kah béli rumah bésar itu di-[Ipoh? Bélum.
Mula-mula dia ta’ tahu bérchakap bahasa Mélayu, tétapi tahun
lépas hari-hari dia pérgi ka-sékolah héndak bélajar. Sékarang
dia sudah pandai sangat nak bérchakap bahasa Mélayu.
Sudah lama orang China itu dudok di-Malaya, tétapi dia tidak
pandai bérchakap bahasa Meélayu.
Sékarang Malaya sudan mérdeka.
Singapura bélum mérdeka.
Sudah tiga tahun saya bélajar bahasa China, tétapi saya ta’
pandai lagi nak bérchakap.
Ada-kah énche’ suka dudok di-pantai nak tengok laut? Ada.

REVISION LESSON I
Exercise D (3)
Have you read the paper today?
Yes. I read that two bandits have been shot in Selangor, and
two more have been captured.
What will happen to the other two?
I don’t know yet. I should think they’ll be sentenced to death.
They are not young men.
Was there anything else in the newspaper today?
ee
ae Oh, yes. A village has been burned down. A hundred people
were injured. A lot of people are in hospital.
Where was the village?
a I’ve forgotten. I think it was somewhere in Kelantan.
206 SPEAK MALAY!
A. What a shame for the villagers!—What else was there in the
newspaper ?
B. J read that a friend of mine in Ipoh got married yesterday. Her
bersanding ceremony was very fine. There’s nothing else today.

Exercise D (4)
(a) Orang tua itu sudah kéna dénda dua-ratus ringgit. Kasehan dia!
(b) Enche’ ada apa-apa kéna chukai?
(c) Ta’ ada. Barang ini satu pun ta’ kéna chukai.
(d) Bapa dia sudah mati kéna langgar kéreta.
(e) Lima orang pénjahat komyunis sudah kéna hukum gantong;
tiga orang lagi sudah kéna hukum pénjara.
(f) Kélmarin di-Négéri Sélangor sa-orang péngganas pun ta’ kéna
tangkap.
(g) Buku itu di-mana-mana pun saya ta’ boleh béli.
(h) Buah durian ini sa-biji pun ta’ sédap.
(i) Di-kampong ini sa-orang pun tidak tahu bérchakap bahasa
Melayu.
(j) Dalam kotak itu apa pun ta’ ada.
(k) Dalam kotak ini ada lima-puloh batang rokck.
(/) Sa-batang rokok pun saya ta’ ada lagi.
(m) Hari ini surat sa-puchok pun dia bélum térima.
(nm) Siapa pun ta’ ada dalam bilek saya.
(0) Hidong dia sudah luka kéna pisau chukor.

REVISION LESSON J
Exercise D (3)
A. Have you been ill? You didn’t come to the office yesterday?
B. Yes, I was rather poorly. Yesterday I was walking along the
side of the road, when suddenly a big car came along; I didn’t
see it and fell into the drain.
A. There was a lot of water in the drains yesterday. Did you get
your clothes wet?
Yes, I did. But my body was not harmed, however. But the
doctor said I'd better stay at home in bed yesterday. I didn’t
want to come to the office.
 SPEAK MALAY! 207
Exercise D (4)

(a) Orang itu orang India, pandai bérchakap bahasa China juga.

6 Budak China ini ta’ suka makan daging babi pula!

Tikus lari ka-dalam lobang dia di-bawah lémari, kuching
tangkap juga.
(d) Enche’ suka makan makanan Inggéris? Suka juga; tétapi saya
lagi suka makan makanan Mélayu.
(e) Enche’ mahu-kah pérgi tengok wayang gélap ?Mahu-lah! Sudah
lama saya ta’ pérgi tengok wayang gélap. Térima kaseh.
(f) Saya sudah buboh lima-puloh-batang rokok ka-dalam kotak
ini. Enche’ mahu isap-kah ?
(g) Bapa saya sudah tua sangat; dia ta’ suka tengok orang pérém-
puan isap rokok.
(h) Emak dia orang tua, dia isap lima-puloh-batang rokok sa-hari
pula!
(i) Gulai Mélayu pédas sangat, banyak orang puteh suka makan
juga. ;
(j) Gulai itu pédas-kah ? Pédas juga.

REVISION LESSON K
Exercise D (3)
Hullo!
Hullo! Where are you off to?
I’m going to the railway station. My father is arriving from
Ipoh. In two or three days, my mother will be coming too.
Isn’t your mother arriving with your father?
No. My mother has a lot of work at school, and she can’t come
with him.
Where is your mother’s school?
It’s in Ipoh. My mother is the headmistress of the school.
mwwD
wW
D>
>
> My mother is a headmistress too. Her school is at Bukit Merta-
jam. Doesn’t your father want to wait in Ipoh until your mother
can come?
= Well, yes, he did want to. But my mother said to him, “Our son
hasn’t seen his father for a long time; for goodness’ sake don’t
wait for me. Go now, and I’Il soon be able to go too.”
208 SPEAK MALAY!
B. It’s now eight o’clock. The train’s arriving at ten past eight.
You'd better not hang about here. Whatever you do, don’t keep
your father waiting for you.

Exercise D (4)
(a) Anak saya mahu makan buab durian itu; anak énche’ pun
mahu makan juga.
(b) Bapa saya nak pérgi tengok wayang gélap; émak pun nak pérgi
sama. Esok saya pun nak pérgi juga.
(c) Jangan sa-kali-kali tolong budak itu; dia pandai, ta’ mahu
békérja juga.
(d) Jangan tidak pérgi tengok gambar “Hang Tuah’’; gambar itu
gambar baik.
(e) Boleh-kah énche’ bawa kéreta saya? Tangan saya sakit; ta’
boleh bawa séndiri.
(f) Mari-lah ka-rumah kita nak makan nasi malam ini.
(g) Séteshen kéreta api di-Alor Sétar kéchil; séteshen di-Kangar
di-Négéri Pérlis pun kéchil juga.
(h) Ta’ payah chuchi kéreta hari ini; esok saya nak bérchuti.
(i) Dua kali saya sudah pérgi ka-Singapura.
(j) Bahasa China pun dia tahu bérchakap juga.

REVISION LESSON L
Exercise D (3)
A. Hullo, how are you?
B. I’m fine, thanks. How are you? Who was that man I saw
yesterday outside your house?
A. That was my father. At four o’clock yesterday I was sitting out-
side the house, when suddenly my father arrived from Kuala
Lumpur.
Didn’t you know he was coming?
No. I asked my father why he didn’t write a letter to let me know
what time he was coming.
What did he say?
a He said he couldn’t let me know, because he didn’t know him-
self. He only came because he wanted me to see the new car.
He bought it from a European who was going to England on
 SPEAK MALAY! 209
leave. The European was the headmaster of an English secondary
school in Selangor.
How long is your father staying here?
I don’t know yet. My father has caught a fever, and the doctor
says he must stay in bed for two or three days. After that he can
go back to Kuala Lumpur.
Can I come to your house and see your father?
Of course. Come this afternoon.

Exercise D (5)
Hullo, Felix!
Hullo, Zainal!
Can you tell me, Felix, when you began learning Malay ?
Yes. I think I began to learn Malay about three months ago.
How do you find this Malay language of ours? Do you think
it’s easy to learn, Felix?
IN
a
IN Malay is neither easy nor difficult. If you want to learn a foreign
language, you have to work hard. But if you like working hard,
I think Malay is easy to learn.
Why do you want to learn Malay?
1N Last year Malaya became independent. Malay is going to be-
come our...er...our..., what do the Malays say for
“national language’’ ?
The Malays say, “bahasa kébangsaan”’.
m™N Thank you. Malay is going to be our national language. I think
that everybody who lives in Malaya should learn our national
language. Malays, Indians, or Chinese, it doesn’t matter. We all
want to be Malayans. If we don’t learn Malay, how are we going
to become Malayans?
I agree with you. Although you have been studying Malay for
only three months, you can speak it really well.
I can’t talk much yet, but I’m going to go on learning. I’ve
bought a Malay book to read.
Which book are you going to read?
aN I’m going to read the Hikayat Hang Tuah. Is that a good book?
Yes, very good.
210 SPEAK MALAY!
Exercise D (6)
(a) Sékolah itu sékolah ménéngah.
(b) Dia guru bésar sa-buah sékolah ménéngah China, dia ta’ tahu
bérchakap bahasa Mandarin pula!
(c) Kéreta hijau yang bésar itu kéreta bapa saya.
(ad) Gambar yang kita tengok sa-malam di-pékan itu gambar
Mélayu yang baik sunggoh.
(e) Péngganas komyunis yang kéna hukum gantong bulan lépas itu,
sudah mati sékarang. Orang itu kéna gantong di-Pénjara Pudu.
(f) Kérana sékarang Malaya sudah mérdeka, kita kéna sémua
bélajar bahasa kébangsaan itu.
(g) Budak laki-laki bélajar bahasa kébangsaan di-sékolah réndah;
di-sékolah ménéngah pun bélajar juga.
(h) Boleh bagi saya buku itu. Yang mana? Yang biru.
(i) Orang China, orang Mélayu, orang India, sémua orang Malaya.
(j) Orang puteh bérmula nak balek sébab kérja orang puteh di-
Malaya sudah habis.
(k) Pasal apa énche’ tidak bélajar bahasa Inggéris? Kérana saya ta’
bérapa pandai nak bélajar bahasa asing.
() Bahasa Inggéris dan bahasa Mélayu bahasa yang bérguna
sunggoh.
(m) Pukul bérapa sékarang? Sudah pukul sa-puloh émpat-puloh
muinit.
(n) Pada tahun yang mana Malaya dapat kémérdekaan ? Pada tahun
sa-ribu sémbilan-ratus lima-puloh tujoh.
(0) Saya jadi pada dua-puloh énam hari bulan March tahun sa-ribu
sémbilan-ratus dua-puloh lima.
(p) Bérapa batang rokok ada di-dalam kotak itu? Ada émpat-
puloh tujoh batang.
(q) Bérapa puchok surat énche’ térima pagi tadi?
(r) Budak ini ta’ tahu tulis nama séndiri pula!
(s) Budak ini sudah sakit. Bawa dia naik becha pérgi ka-rumah
sakit. Dia ta’ boleh bérjalan kaki.
(t) Péngantin pérémpuan yang kita tengok di-isti’adat bérsanding
minggu lépas itu, chantek sunggoh.
 APPENDIX A

CLASSIFIERS

The following is a list of the most common classifiers with

examples of their use.

(1) BATANG (stem)

This classifier is used with long stick-like objects. Examples:
sa-batang rokok a cigarette
sa-batang tongkat a walking-stick
sa-batang Jari a finger

(2) BENTOK (curve)

This classifier is used for ring- and hook-shaped objects. Examples:
sa-béntok kail a fish-hook
sa-béntok chinchin a ring

(3) BIDANG (broad)

This classifier is used with hides, sails, mats and land. Examples:
sa-bidang kajang a palm leaf mat
sa-bidang tanah a stretch of land

(4) Bist (seed)

This classifier is very common and is used of almost any small
object. Examples:
sa-biji télor an egg
sa-biji buah durian a durian
sa-biji chawan a cup

(5) BILAH (narrow strip)

This classifier is quite common and is used with sharp or knife-
like objects. Examples:
sa-bilah pisau a knife
sa-bilah pédang a sword
sa-bilah gigi a tooth
212 SPEAK MALAY!
(6) BUAH (fruit)
This is one of the commonest classifiers, being used with aimost
any large inanimate object. Examples:
sa-buah buku a book
sa-buah kapal a ship
sa-buah kéreta a car
sa-buah kérusi a chair

(7) BUTIR (a grain)

This classifier may be used of fruits, coconuts, gems and eggs.
Examples:
sa-butir pisang a banana
sa-butir nvior a coconut
sa-butir pérmata a jewel
sa-butir télor an egg
In ali these cases, however, biji could be used instead of butir.
(8) EKOR (tail)
This is the classifier for all living creatures except plants and
human beings. Examples:
sa-ekor kuching a cat
sa-ekor burong a bird
sa-ekor laba-laba a spider
sa-ekor ikan a fish
sa-ekor ular a snake
(9) HELAI (colloquially LA)
This is a very common classifier for cloth, clothing, grass, hair,
leaves, paper. Examples:
sa-hélai kain a length of cloth; a sareng
sa-hélai rumput a blade of grass
sa-hélai rambut one strand of hair
sa-hélai daun a leaf
sa-hélai kértas a sheet of paper
(10) KAKI (foot, leg)
This is not a very commen classifier, but it can be used with
flowers, insects and umbrellas. Examples:
sa-kaki bunga a flower
sa-kaki payong an umbrella
 SPEAK MALAY! 213
(11) KAYU (wood)
Used with kain (cloth) this words means “roll”. Example:
Sa-kayu kain a roll of cloth

(12) KEPING (piece)

This classifier is quite common and is used of things that come in
pieces or lumps. Examples:
sa-keping roti a piece of bread
sa-keping daging a piece of meat
sa-képing kértas a piece of paper

(13) KUNTUM (bud)

This is the normal classifier for flowers. Example:
sa-kuntum bunga a flower

(14) ORANG (person)

This is one of the commonest classifiers and is used of human
beings. Examples:
sa-orang budak a youngster
sa-orang tukang kébun a gardener
When it would occur in front of itself, orang is usually omitted.
Examples:
sa-orang (orang) China a Chinese
sa-orang (orang) pérémpuan a woman
sa-orang (orang) a person

(15) PATAd (broken)

This classifier is used of words and phrases. Example:
sa-patah pérkataan a word

(16) PINTU (door)

A classifier for houses arranged in rows or terraces—shop-
houses for instance. Example:
sa-pintu rumah a (terrace) house
214 SPEAK MALAY!

(17) POTONG (cut off)

This is used of things cut in slices. Examples:
sa-potong daging a slice of meat (cf. English “a
cut off the joint’)
sa-potong roti a Slice of bread

(18) PUCHOK (shoot, bud)

This is quite a common classifier for needles, guns and letters.
Examples:
sa-puchok jarum a needle
sa-puchok sénapang a gun
sa-puchok surat a letter
(19) PUNTONG (stub)
This classifier is used for the butt-ends of cigars, cigarettes,
candles, etc. Examples:
sa-puntong rokok a cigar-butt;
a cigarette-end
sa-puntong lilin a candle-end
(20) RAWAN
Used of fishing-nets. Example:
sa-rawan jala a casting-net
(21) TANGGA (ladder)
This word is used as a classifier for Malay-style houses which are
raised off the ground and entered by means of a ladder or staircase.
Example:
sa-tangga rumah Mélayu a Malay house
(22) TANGKAI (stalk, stem)
This classifier is used of flowers. Example:
sa-tangkai bunga a flower
(23) URAT (strand)
Used of thread. Example:
sa-urat bénang a strand of thread,
a piece of thread
(24) UTAS (string)
A classifier for things in strings. Examples:
sa-utas tali a rope
sa-utas bénang a skein of thread
 APPENDIX B

MALAY NAMES AND TITLES

Most Malay personal names are Arabic in origin and the system
of naming a person follows the Judaeo-Arabic system.
Malays do not have surnames or family names. A man has his
own name followed by that of his father, the two being joined
together by the word bin (Arabic: ibn; Hebrew: ben; Aramaic: bar);
a woman has the same arrangement except that in her case the two
names are joined by the word binti (Arabic: bint). Bin means ‘“‘son
of” and binti means ‘“‘daughter of”. Cf. in the Bible “Simon Bar
Joseph’’—Simon the son of Joseph.
Suppose a man, /brahim, has a son called Yusuf and a daughter
called Habsah. The son will be known as Yusuf bin Ibrahim and the
daughter as Habsah binti Ibrahim.
When Yusuf gets married and has a son called, say, Arshad, the
son (i.e. Jbrahim’s grandson) will be known as Arshad bin Yusuf. \f
Habsah marries a man called /shak, and bears a son called Muham-
mad, this grandson of /brahim’s wiil be known as Muhammad bin
Ishak. In other words all trace of connexion with /brahim is erased
by the third generation.
When we address Malays in English, we should be careful which
name we use after Mr or Mrs. In the above family, Yusuf is known
as Mr Yusuf not as Mr Ibrahim. Habsah, when married, will be
called Mrs Ishak in English.
In Malay all the above names (or any other name for that matter)
may carry the prefix Che’:

Che’ Ibrahim Mr Ibrahim

Che’ Yusuf Mr Yusuf
Che’ Habsah Miss Habsah (before mar-
riage); Mrs Ishak (after
marriage)

Notice that in Malay a woman retains her own name when

married. It is only when spoken of in English that she should be
addressed as Mrs Ishak. Che’ may be used of both sexes, but Enche’
216 SPEAK MALAY!
is usually only used with the names of men. When it is used by itself
to mean “‘you”’, of course, it may refer to either sex.
Now, if /brahim fulfils his religious duty and makes a successful
pilgrimage to Mecca, on his return he will be known as Haji Ibrahim
(i.e. Pilgrim Ibrahim) and is entitled to be addressed as Tuan. His
children bask in reflected glory, for they will now be known as Che’
Yusuf bin Haji Ibrahim and Che’ Habsah binti Haji Ibrahim re-
spectively.
Another group of people entitled to be addressed as Tuan are the
Saiyids. A Saiyid (Syed) is of Arab descent and claims to be descended
directly from the Prophet Muhammad. He puts the prefix Saiyid
before his name, e.g. Saiyid Yusuf bin Saiyid Ibrahim, and is ad-
dressed as Tuan or Tuan Saiyid.
A Téngku (prince or princess) should normally be addressed as
Téngku, but in conversation Tuan would probably be acceptable to
most.
Malay titles are legion but the above information should be
sufficient for everyday purposes.
 APPENDIX C

THE MALAY CALENDAR

The Malays use the Muslim calendar which is lunar in origin and
is therefore eleven days short of the solar year. As in most Muslim
countries, these lunar months are usually known by their Arabic
names, although one or two months which are connected with
important Islamic festivals have also acquired Malay names which
are more commonly used. The months, which have 29 and 30 days
alternately, do not correspond in any way with the solar months;
indeed, a complicated mathematical process is involved in convert-
ing Muslim dates to Christian dates and vice versa. The names of the
months are:
(1) Muharram 30 days
(2) Safar 29 days
(3) Rabi’-il-awal for: Bulan Maulud: the
month in which the Prophet Muhammad
was born]. 30 days
(4) Rabi’-il-akhir 29 days
(5) Jamad-il-awal 30 days
(¢) Jamad-il-akhir 29 days
(7) Réjab 30 days
(8) Sha’aban 29 days
(9) Ramdzan [or: Bulan Puasa: the fasting
month] 30 days
(10) Shawal [or: Bulan Raya: the month of
feasting which follows the fast] 29 days
(11) Dzu’-l-kaedah 30 days
(12) Dzu’-l-hejah 29 days
 APPENDIX D

MALAY SOLECISMS

This appendix deals with some of the common fallacies of Bazaar

Malay. These forms are used by many people who are labouring
under the delusion that they are speaking “‘colloquial” Malay.
Malays only use these forms when talking down to foreigners under
the mistaken impression that they are easier to understand.
If a Malay uses these forms in conversation with you, try to per-
suade him that you know better. if a nor-Malay tells you that any
of these forms are.correct, you should at once become suspicious of
anything else he tells you about the language because his knowledge
of Malay will definitely be below standard. No Malay would ever
use these ugly forms in conversation with another Malay, except
jocularly. This kind of Malay is no better than pidgin.

(1) BANYAK
This word does not mean “‘very’’. “Very good” is not banyak baik,
but baik sangat or baik sunggoh. Banyak is a noun, not an adverb.
To say banyak baik is as bad as saying “plenty good”’ in English.
(2) PUNYA
This word, which is rarely heard at all in real Malay, is often used
in Bazaar Malay in imitation of a Chinese construction to indicate
possession. Examples:
saya punya rumah my house
dia punya bapa punya kéreta _his father’s car
These forms are quite incorrect. You should say:
rumah saya my house
kéreta bapa dia his father’s car
(3) SAMA
Sama is often used in Bazaar Malay to indicate a direct or in-
direct object:
saya tengok sama dia I saw him
saya bagi duit sama dia I gave him the money
 SPEAK MALAY! 219
This usage is wrong. There is no need for the word at all in the
first example; in the second it should be either left out (with a
change in word order) or changed to kapada:
saya tengok dia I saw him
saya bagi dia duit
or: saya bagi duit kapada dia J gave him the money

(4) KASI
Kasi does not mean “to give’; it means ‘‘to castrate’’. It is diffi-
cult to understand how such an unpleasant word has come to be
used so frequently with an entirely wrong meaning. In written Malay
the correct word for “to give” is béri or bérikan. These, however,
sound a bit bookish and are usually replaced in real colloquial
Malay by bagi. .

(5) BILANG ;
Bilang does not mean “to say”; it means “‘to count’. Therefore
such a sentence as
saya sudah bilang sama dia I said to him
should be
saya sudah kata kapada dia I said to him

(6) PERGI
This word is not pronounced “piggy” or “‘pigi” or “‘piki’’. The
-r- is silent in all but very formal speech. The normal pronunciation
is pégi (with the stress on-gi). In very rapid speech it becomes pi or gi.

(7) BIKIN
Bikin has no meaning at all. It cannot be used as a synonym for
buat.

(8) TADA
This is another word which does not exist in real Malay. In
Bazaar Malay, however, it is used in place of both tidak and ta’ ada.
This usage is wrong. The glottal catch in fa’ ada is never omitted
by a Malay speaker, and the short form of tidak is either ta’ or dak
according to the context.
220 SPEAK MALAY!
(9) MAHU
Mahu should never be used to form a future tense; the correct
form for this is héndak (colloquially: nak). Cf. Grammar sections
(62) and (63) in Lesson 23.

(10) KECHIL
This word is not pronounced “kitchy”. In careful speech it is
pronounced exactly as spelt and in colloquial language it usually
becomes kéchik or kéchi’.
(11) SA-TENGAH
This is often used in Malayan English to mean “‘a whisky and
soda’’, i.e. half a tot. In English pronunciation this has become
“stinger”, which is all right in English. Don’t, however, import this
pronunciation back into Malay. In rapid speech the -a- of sa-
usually drops out and so this word is usually pronounced sténgah,
but never stinger.
 APPENDIX E

INDONESIAN SPELLING

The system of spelling used in Indonesia differs in several respects

from that used in Malaya. The reason for this is that the Malays
learned the Roman Alphabet from the British, while the Indonesians
acquired it ftom the Dutch. The two spelling systems therefore
reflect the two different sources of European influence.
Since there are large numbers of Indonesian books and periodicals
at present available in Malaya, anyone who is really interested in the
Malay language should take the trouble to acquaint himself with
the spelling used by our neighbours across the water. As I write
this, a discussion is going on between delegates from Malaya and
Indonesia on the possibility of establishing a unified spelling system
for the two countries, and it seems likely that some agreement will
be reached. In any case, a unified spelling is bound to come one day.
Nevertheless, even when a unified spelling is an established fact,
it will be many years before a complete change-over can be made,
and a knowledge of the two current spelling systems will remain a
necessity for the serious student of the language.

Basic Differences
The biggest source of difference between the two current spelling
systems is the fact that in Dutch the letter J stands for the sound of
the English letter y (used as a consonant). For instance, the Dutch
word ja (yes) is pronounced ya. This, then, is the value that 7 has in
Indonesia and as a result another spelling has had to be found for
the j of jahat, which in Indonesia is spelt djahat.
Ch in Dutch is pronounced like the ch in the Scots word loch
or the kh of the Malay word Khabar. This is the value of ch in
Indonesia, e.g. Khabar is spelt chabar. Thus another spelling is
needed for the ch of chari, which in Indonesia is spelt tari.
UD) SPEAK MALAY!

Let us now run through the major differences:

Malay Indonesian Examples

j dj jahat djahat
ch tj chari tjari
yi J yang jang
sh SJ Shaikh Sjaich
kh ch khabar chabar

Minor Differences

(1) Hyphenated prefixes and suffixes such as di-, ka-, -nya, -lah
and -kah are written as one word with the word to which they are
attached in Indonesian:

Malay Indonesian
di-pasar dipasar
harga-nya harganja
biasa-nya bisanja
dia tahu-kah? dia tahukah?
baik-lah baiklah

(2) Where Malay writes é, Indonesian has e; and where Malay has
e, Indonesian writes é:

Malay Indonesian
bésar besar
péngganas pengganas
meja médja
Indonesia Indonésia

(3) Malay ka- and sa- (as prefixes) are written ke- and se- in
Indonesian:

Malay Indonesian
ka-pasar kepasar
ka-dalam kedalam
sa-orang seorang
sa-biji sebidji
 SPEAK MALAY! 223
(4) Where Malay has -e- and -o-, Indonesian often has -i- and -u-,
especially in final syllables:
Malay Indonesian
chantek tjantik
bilek bilik
burong burung
chukor tjukur

(5) Ayer (water) is spelt air in Indonesian.

Example of Indonesian Spelling

Study carefully the following transliteration into Indonesian
spelling of Exercise D (2) in Revision Lesson G (page 117) and
compare it with the original Malay spelling:
Pada pukul duabelas sepuluh minit malam, saja sampai kerumah
saja. Saja mandi; lepas itu saja tidur. Pagi ini saja bangun léwat sikit
—pada pukul tudjuh tiga suku. Lékas saja mandi, makan roti,
minum kopi Lepas itu saja naik keréta nak pergi keofis. Pada pukul
lapan tiga suku saja sampai kesana; tuan saja marah sangat. Dia
berkata, “‘Entjik datang léwat—suku djam!” Saja kata, “Tuan,
malam kelmarin saja pergi kerumah seorang kawan saja. Anak dia
nak berkahwin. Saja tinggal dirumah dia sampai pukul! duabelas
malam nak téngok istiadat bersanding. Léwat saja balik kerumah
saja. Saja tidur pada pukul satu malam, lambat sikit bangun pagi
ini.” Tuan saja orang baik. Dia kata, ““Baiklah! Tetapi ada banjak
kerdja hari ini. Entjik boleh tinggal diofis sampai pukul tudjuh
malam?” Saja mendjawab, ‘“‘Boléhlah, tuan.”
 APPENDIX F

CLASSIFIED VOCABULARIES

This Appendix contains a number of short vocabularies of essential

words arranged according to topics. You are recommended to work
through these lists of words making up at least two sentences for each
word to help you to remember them.

Colours Warna

black, hitam yellow, kuning

blue, biru white, puteh
brown, chokélat light (of colours), muda
green, hijau dark (of colours), tua
grey, kélabu e.g. light blue, biru muda
red, merah dark red, merah tua
saffron, kunyit

Parts of the Body Bahagian Badan

arm, léngan leg, kaki

chest. dada mouth, mulut
ear, telinga nail, kuku
eve, mata neck, leher
face, muka nose, hidong
finger, jari thumb, ibu jari
foot, kaki toe, jari kaki
hair, rambut tooth, gigi
hand, tangan waist, pinggang
head, képala

Clothing Pakaian

belt, tali pinggang Jacket, baju

brassiére, baju dalam (pendek) nighidress, baju tidor
coat, baju panties (women’s), séluar dalam
dress (woman’s), gaun pyjamas, baju tidor
gloves, sarong tangan sarong, kain; kain sarong
handkerchief, sapu tangan shirt, baju kémeja
hat (general term), topi shoes, kasut
hat (Malay style), songkok shorts, séluar pendek
 SPEAK MALAY!

sleeve, tangan trousers, séluar panjang

slip (woman’s), baju dalam turban, sérban
(panjang) underpants, séluar dalam
socks, sarong kaki (pendek) undervest, baju dalam
stockings, sarong kaki (panjang) long, panjang
tie, tali leher short, pendek

Animals, Birds, Insects, etc. Binatang, Burong, Sérangga, d.s.b.*

Animals, Binatang crow, burong gagak

buffalo, kérbau duck, itek
cat, kuching goose, angsa
civet-cat, musang turkey, ayam Bélanda
cow, lémbu (bétina) Insects, etc., Sérangga, d.s.b.
dog, anjing ant, sémut
elephant, gajah bee, lébah
gibbon, wak-wak beetle, kumbang
goat, kambing centipede, lipan
horse, kuda cicada, riang-riang
house-lizard (gecko), chichak cockroach, lipas
lion, singa fire-fly, kélip-kélip
monkey, kéra fly, lalat
mouse, tikus hornet, tébuan
mouse-deer, pélandok mantis, chénchada
ox, lémbu (jantan) mason-bee, angkut-angkut
pig, babi mosquito, nyamok
rat, tikus scorpion, kala
snake, ular spider, laba-laba
tiger, harimau; rimau wasp, pényéngat
Birds, Burong white ants, anai-anai
chicken, ayam
* d:s.b. is short for dan sa-bagai-nya (and things like that) which is
equivalent to etcetera.

Malayan Geography ‘Umu Bumi Malaya

Federation of Malaya, Pérsékutuan Malacca, négéri Mélaka

Tanah Mélayu Negri Sembilan, Négéri Sémbilan
Johore, négéri Johor Pahang, négéri Pahang
Kedah, négéri Kédah Penang (State), négéri Pinang
Kelantan, négéri Kélantan Penang (Island), Pulau Pinang
S.M.—8
226 SPEAK MALAY!
Perak, négéri Perak rubber estate, kébun gétah
Perlis, négéri Pérlis rubber-tapper, pénuris gétah
Province Wellesley,* Sa-bérang rubber-tree, pokok gétah
Pérai (to) tap rubber, turis gétah
Selangor, négéri Sélangor tree, pokok
Trengganu, négéri Téréngganu rice (growing), padi
bay, télok rice (uncooked), béras
confluence, kuala rice (cooked), nasi
estuary, kuala rice-field, bendang; sawah
fort, kota tin, bijeh timah
hill, bukit tin-mine, lombong bijeh timah
headland, tanjong cloud, awan
island, pulau dew, €mbun
ungle, hutan; rimba floods, ayer bah
mountain, gunong lightning, kilat
peninsula, séménanjong mist, kabut
point, tanjong rain, hujan
river, sungai storm, ribut
rubber, gétah thunder, gémuroh
* Now included in the State of Penang.

House and Garden Rumah dan Kébun

House, Rumah bed-room, bilek tidor

chick (window blind), bidai bed (general term), témpat tidor
door, pintu bed (European style), katil
drain, parit bed (sleeping platform as used in
fence, pagar servants’ quarters), pangking
garden, kébun blanket, sélimut bulu
gardener, tukang kébun mattress, tilam
roof, bumbong mosquito-net, kélambu
storey, tingkat pillow, bantal
verandch (European style), sheet, sélimut
béranda wardrobe, lémari
verandah (Malay style), sérambi bathroom, bilek ayer; bilek mandi
wall (outside wall), tembok bucket, timba
wall (partition wall), dinding dipper, timba
window, tingkap soap, sabun
dining-room, bilek makan tap, pili
chair, kérusi toilet (W.C.), jamban
fork, garfu towel, tuala
knife, pisau water, ayer
spoon, chamcha kitchen, dapor
table, meja bowl, mangkok
 SPEAK MALAY! 22),
cook (n.), kuki plate, pinggan
crockery, pinggan mangkok Saucer, piring
cup, chawan stove, dapor
frying-pan, kuali wash the clothes, chuchi kain
kettle, cherek wash up the dishes, chuchi
maidservant, arnah pinggan

Food and Cooking Makanan Dan Masak

NOUNS: rice (cooked), nasi

bean, kachang sago, sagu
beef, daging lémbu salt, garam
bread, roti sova beans, kachang Jépun
butter, méntega soya sauce, tauyu
cabbage, kobis sugar, gula
cheese, keju tapioca, ubi kayu
chicken, ayam tea (liquid), teh
chillies, chabai tea (in leaf form), daun teh
coffee, kopi - vinegar, chuka
crab, kétam
ADJECTIVES:
curry, gulai
duck, itek bitter, pahit
egg, télor cold, séjuk
fish, ikan hot (temperature), hangat
flour, tépong hot (peppery), pédas
French beans, kachang bunchis raw, méntah
lady’s fingers, kachang béndi ready, siap
meat, daging ripe, masak
milk, susu sour, masam
mutton, daging kambing sweet, manis
onion, bawang tasteless, tawar
peas, kachang hijau tasty, sédap
pepper, lada
potato, ubi; ubi kéntang VERBS:
pork, daging babi boil, rébus
prawn, udang cook, masak
rice (growing), padi Sry, goreng
rice (uncooked), béras roast, panggang
 APPENDIX G

MALAY-ENGLISH VOCABULARY

The following vocabulary contains all the words in the course arranged
alphabetically. The Arabic numerals in round brackets, e.g. (123), refer
to the grammar sections in the body of the course. If you find a number
like this next to a word in the vocabulary, it means that it is definitely
unsafe to use that word without first consulting the appropriate grammar
section.

ada, to be, to exist; to have; (22) antara, between, among (133)

agong, general apa, what (12)
ahad, cf. hari ahad apa-apa, anything (128)
akhir, end apa khabar? how are you? (19)
aleh, to move (transitive) api, fire
Alor Sétar, Alor Star (36a) asing, separate (adj.); foreign
ambil, to take; to fetch, to get atas, top (132)
amah, maidservant awan, cloud
anak, child, offspring, son, daughter ayam, chicken
anak laki-laki, son ayam Bélanda, turkey (lit. Dutch
anak pérémpuan, daughter chicken)
angkut-angkut, mason-bee ayer, water
angsa, goose ayer bah, floods
anjing, dog

babi, pig bahasa Inggéris, English (31)

bacha, to read bahasa kébangsaan, national
badan, body language
bagi, to give; for; to let, allow; to bahasa Mélayu, Malay
make, cause (143) bahasa orang puteh, English (31)
bagi pinjam, to lend (142) (143) bahasa Tamil, Tamil
bagus, splendid, fine, beautiful, baik, good; had better (39)
excellent baik-lah, all right, O.K. (37)
bahagian, part baju, coat, jacket, blouse
baharu, new, newly; only just, only baju dalam, undervest
then baju dalam panjang, (woman’s) slip
bahasa, language baju dalam pendek, brassiére
bahasa China, Chinese baju kémeja, shirt
 SPEAK MALAY! 229
baju tidor, nightdress; pyjamas bérchuti, to be on leave, to go on
balek, fo return, to go back, to come leave
back; to go home, to come home bérdiri, ro stand, to stand up
banchoh, to mix; to make (coffee, bérenang, to swim
cocoa); to pour out (tea); (113) berguna, useful
banchoh kop, to make coffee bérhénti, to sop
banchoh teh, to pour out the tea bérhutang, indebted; to be in debt,
bangun, fo ger up, to rise to owe
bantal, pillow bérjalan, to walk, to go, to be under
banyak, a lot of; much, many (25): way (141)
cf. Appendix D (1) bérjalan-jalan, to walk about
bapa, father bérjalan kaki, ro walk. to go on foot
barang, thing, goods, luggage bérkahwin, married; to be married,
barangkali, perhaps to get married
bas, bus (134) bérkata, fo say
basah, wer bérlari, to run
bawa, fo bring, to carry, to lead; to bérmain, to plav
take a person bérmalam, to spend the night
bawa kéreta, to drive a car bérmula, to begin (96)
bawah, underneath (132) bérpindah, ro move (house)
bawang, onion bérsanding, to sit side by side in
bayar, to pay state; bersanding (109)
becha, rickshaw, trishaw bérsémbunyi, to Aide (intransitive)
bekérja, to work bérsétuju, fo agree
békérja kuat, to work hard bértanya, to ask, to inquire
bélah, cf. sa-bélah bértolak, to start, to leave; to set
bélajar, to learn, to study sail; to move off
bélakang, back, behind (132) bérumor, to be aged. . merorbe! bie
bélanja, expense, cost (years, etc.) old
béli, to buy bésar, big, large, great
béli barang, to go shopping bésar hati, proud (in a good sense)
bélum, not, not vet (110-111) (106)
bénang, thread besok, to-merrow
béndang, rice-field, padi-field béskal, bicycle
béntok, curve; cl. for rings and hooks bétina, female, feminine (13)
béranda, verandah (European style) biasa-nya, usually
bérapa, how much, how many (S0) bidai, chick, window-blind
bérapa lama, how Jong (in time) bidang, broad, cl. for sails, mats, etc.
béras, rice (uncooked but not grow- biji, seed; cl. for small objects, (48)
ing) bijeh timah, tin, tin ore
bérbahaya, dangerous bikin, cf. Appendix D (7)
bérbual-bual, to have a chat bila, when
bérchakap, fo talk, to speak bilah, narrow strip; cl. for knives
bérchukor, to shave (oneself); to efc.
have a shave bilang, to count; cf. Appendix D (5)
230 SPEAK MALAY!

bilek, room, bedroom buah rambutan, rambutan

bilek ayer, bathroom buat, to make, to do
bilek makan, dining-room buboh, to put, to place
bilek mandi, bathroom budak, youngster; boy; girl
bilek tidor, bedroom budak laki-laki, boy
binatang, animal budak pérémpuan, girl
biru, blue buka, fo open
bodoh, stupid bukan, no, not (2)
bola, ball bukit, Aill
bola golf, golf-ball buku, book
bola sepak, football bulan, month; moon
boleh, can, to be able bulan-bulan, every month
buah, fruit; cl. for large objects (47) bulan dépan, next month
buah-buah, a/l kinds of fruit bulan lépas, /ast month
buah-buahan, all kinds of fruit bumbong, roof
buah durian, durian bunga, flower
buah limau, /ime burong, bird
buah manggis, mangosteen burong gagak, crow (n.)
buah pinang, areca nut, betel nut butir, (a.) grain; cl. for fruits, gems,
buah pisang, banana etc.

chabai, chillies chokélat, brown

chamcha, spoon chuba, fo try
chantek, pretty, beautiful chuchi, to clean
chari, to seek, to look for chuchi kain, to wash the clothes, to
chawan, cup do the washing
chénchada, mantis chuchi pinggan, to wash the dishes;
chépat, fast, quick, quickly to do the washing-up
cherek, kettle chuka, vinegar
chichak, house-lizard, gecko chukai, duty, tax; customs
China, China, Chinese chukor, to shave (transitive)
chinchin, ring chukup, enough, sufficient

dada, chest dalam, in, inside

daging, meat, flesh dan, and; time to (do)
daging babi, pork dan lagi, also, in addition, further-
daging kambing, mutton more
daging lémbu, beef dan sa-bagai-nya, and so on,
dahulu, previously, before, earlier, etcetera
ago, first dapat, to get, to obtain; to manage
dak, no (7); cf. tidak to; to receive
 SPEAK MALAY! 231
dapat lotéri, to win a lottery di-, in, at (14)
dapor, kitchen dia, he, she; him, her; his, her (17)
dari, from (35a) (92) dia séndiri, he himself; she herself
dari-mana, where ... from; from di-luar, outside
where; whence di-mana, where
daripada, from (35a) (92) dinding, (partition) wall
dari-sana, from there; thence di-rumah, at home
datang, to come (41) " di-sana, there; over there
datang sama, to come too Selaunt di-sini, here
daun, leaf Cvtorins doktor, doctor
daun teh, tea (dry leaves) d.s.b. (dan sa-bagaienya), etc.
da’wat, ink dua, two
délapan, eight dua-bélas, twelve
délapan-bélas, eighteen dua-puloh, twenty
délapan-puloh, eighty dudok, to sit; to stay, to live, to
démam, fever; to have a fever dwell (33)
dénda, fine (n.) duit, money
déngan, with dulu, previously, before, earlier, ago,
déngar, to hear; to listen to first
dépan, next; front (132) durian, cf. buah durian

ekor, fail; cl. for animals (46) énam, six

émak, mother énam-bélas, sixteen
émbun, dew énam-puloh, sixty
émpat, four énche’, you, your (17) (27)
émpat-bélas, fourteen esok, to-morrow
émpat-puloh, forty

gajah, elephant géreja, church

gaji, salary, wages, pay gétah, rubber
gambar, picture gi, fo go
gantong, fo hang gigi, tooth
garam, salt goreng, to fry
garfu, fork gula, sugar
gaun, (woman’s) dress gulai, curry
gélas, glass gunong, mountain
gélap, dark guru, teacher
gémok, fat guru bésar, headmaster, head-
gémuroh, thunder mistress
232) SPEAK MALAY!

habis, finish, finished hélai, cl. for cloth, clothes; cf.

harga, price Appendix A
harga-nya, cos? (56) héndak, fo be going to, to intend to,
hari, day will, shall (62)
hari ahad, Sunday hidong, nose
hari-hari, every day hidup, fo live, (to be) alive (33)
hari isnen, Monday hijau, green
hari ini, to-day Hindu, Hindu (adj.)
hari juma’at, Friday hitam, black
hari khamis, Thursday hujan, rain
harimau, tiger hukum, sentence (legal)
hari rabu, Wednesday hukum gantong, sentence of death
hari sabtu, Saturday (by hanging)
hari sélasa, Tuesday hutan, jungle, forest
hangat, hor (general term) (70) hutang, debt
hati, liver; “heart” (106)

ibu jari, thumb Inggéris, English (adj.)

ikan, fish ini, this, these
ilmu bum, geography isap, to smoke
ikut, to follow; according to isnen, cf. hari isnen
ikut ini, this way (direction) istéri, wife
ikut itu, thar way (direction) istiadat, ceremony
India, India, Indian (adj.) itek, duck
ingat, to think; to remember itu, that, those

jadi, to become; to be born jari kaki, toe

jahat wicked jarum, needle
jala, casting-net jémput, to ask, to invite
jalan, road, way Jépun, Japan, Japanese (adj.)
jam, hour; watch, clock Johor, Johore
jamban, toilet, W.C. Johor Baharu, Johore Bahru
jangan, don’r (146) jual, to sell
jangan sa-kali-kali, cf. (149) juga, all the same (121) (136) (137)
jangan tidak, cf. (148) (139)
jantan, male, masculine (13) juma’at, cf. hari juma’at
jantong, heart (106) juta, million
jari, finger
 SPEAK MALAY}! 233
K
ka-, to (34a) kéchil hati, Aurt (of feelings)
kabut, mist Kédah, Kedah
kachang, bean kédai, shop
kachang béndi, /ady’s fingers kédai buku-buku, bookshop
kachang bunchis, French beans kédai daging, butcher’s shop
kachang hijau, peas kédai kopi, coffee-shop; café
kachang Jépun, soya beans kédai makan, restaurant
-kah, question particle (118) keju, cheese
kail, fish-hook kélabu, grey
kain, cloth; sarong kélambu, mosquito-net
kain sarong, sarong Kélantan, Kelantan
kajang, palm frond; cadjan, attap kélip-kélip, firefly
kaki, foot, leg; cl. for flowers kélmarin, yesterday
kala, scorpion kélmarin dahulu, the day before
kalam, pen yesterday
kalau, if kéluar, fo go out, to come out
kali, time, occasion kémérdekaan, independence
ka-mana, where... to; whither kéna, to incur, to be affected by (120)
kambing, goat kéna chukai, (to be) duitable, (to be)
kampong, village; compound taxable
kapada, to (34a) kéna dénda, to be fined
kapal, ship kéna hukum, fo be sentenced (to)
kapal api, steam-ship kéna hukum gantong, to be sen-
kapal térbang, aeroplane tenced to death
karangan, essay, composition kéna langgar kéreta, to get run over
ka-sana, (to) there, thither kéna luka, to be wounded, to be
kaseh, love (n.) injured
kasehan, pity kéna tangkap, so be arrested, to get
kasehan dia!, poor fellow! caught
kasi, cf. Appendix D (4) kénduri, feast; party
ka-sini, (to) here, hither képala, head
kasut, shoe képing, piece, lump
kata, fo say kéra, monkey
kata kapada, to fell, inform kérajaan, government
kati, catty (one and one-third kérana, because
pounds avoirdupoids) kérbau, buffalo
katil, bed (European style) kéreta, vehicle; car; cart
kawan, friend kéreta api, railway train
kaya, rich kéreta bas, bus
kayu, wood, roll (of cloth) kéreta lémbu, bullock cart
kébangsaan, national kéreta sewa, taxi; hire-car
kébun, garden, estate kéring, dry
kébun gétah, rubber estate kérja, work (n.)
kéchil, /ittle, small kértas, paper
S.M.—8*
234 SPEAK MALAY!

kértas tulis, writing-paper kotor, dirty

kérusi, chair kuala, estuary, confluence
kétam, crab kuali, frying-pan
khabar, news kuat, strong
khabar baik, I’m fine (19) kuching, cat
khamis, cf. hari khamss kuda, horse
kilat, lightning kuil, (Hindu) temple
kita, we, us; our (17) kuki, cook (n.)
kobis, cabbage kuku, (finger-, toe-) nail
komyunis, communist (adj.) kumbang, beetle
kopi, coffee kuning, yellow
kosong, empty; nought, nil, zero kuntum, bud; cl. for flowers
kota, fort kunyit, saffron
Kota Baharu Kota Bharu kupang, ten cents (North Malaya)
kotak, (small) box kurang, Jess, minus (103)
kurus, thin

laba-laba, spider lébeh-kurang, approximately, more

lada, pepper or less
lagi, else, more, still, yet leher, neck
lagi... lagi..., the more... the lékas, immediately, at once; quickly
more... lektrik, electric
lagi suka, to prefer lémari, cupboard, wardrobe
-lah, emphatic particle (37) lémbu, ox, cow
lai, cl. for cloth, clothing, etc., cf. lengah, to idle, to hang about
Appendix A léngan, arm
lain, different lépas, after, beyond; last (preceding)
lain kali, next time, another time lépas itu, after that, afterwards
laki-laki, male, masculine (13) lewat, late, too late (100)
lalat, fly (n.) lilin, candle
lama, long (of time); old (of things) lima, five
(123) lima-bélas, fifteen
lambat, late; slow (100) lima-puloh, fifty
lambat-lambat, slowly limau, cf. buah limau
langgar, collision lipan, centipece
lantai, floor lipas, cockroach
lapan, eight lobang, hole
lapan-bélas, eighteen lombong, mine
lapan-puloh, eighty lombong bijeh timah, tin-mine
lari, fo run away lompat, to jump
laut, sea lotéri, lottery
lébah, bee lulus dalam, to pass (examinations)
lébeh, more, in excess lusa, the day after to-morrow
 SPEAK MALAY! 235

ma’afkan, to excuse, to forgive matahari, sun

macham, kind, sort; like, as, as if mata-mata, policeman
macham ini, like this, this way mati, fo die; to be dead; dead
macham itu, /ike that, that way meja, table
macham mana, how Mélaka, Malacca
mahal, dear, expensive Mélayu, Malay (adj.)
Mahamulia, cf. Yang Mahamulia ménéngah, secondary (education)
mahu, to want; cf. Appendix D (9) ménjawab, fo answer, to reply
makan, fo eat méntah, raw
makanan, food méntega, butter
makan pagi, breakfast; to have merah, red
breakfast mérdeka, independent (91)
malam, wight, evening (97) (124) mésjid, mosque
malam-malam, every night, every minggu, week
evening minggu dépan, next week
Malaya, Malaya minggu lépas, last week
mana, which minit, minute (n.)
mana-mana, any (adj.) (128) minta, to ask for, to demand
mandi, to have a bath; to bathe; to minum, to drink
wash miskin, poor
manggis, of. buah manggis muda, young
mangkok, bowl mujor, lucky, fortunate
manis, sweet mujor-lah!, that’s lucky!
marah, angry muka, face
mari, ro come (41) mula, to begin (96)
masa, time; while, when (105) mula-mula, at first; originally
masak, ripe; to cook mulut, mouth
masam, sour murah, cheap
masok, fo go in, to come in, to enter musang, civef-cat
mata, eye muzium, museum

naik, to go up, to ascend; to mount; négéri, State, country

to ride (in, on) (40) Négéri China, China
nak, to be going to, to intend to; will, Négéri Johor, Johore
shall (62) Négéri Kédah, Kedah
nak ka-, to be off to (64) Négéri Kélantan, Kelantan
nama, name Neégéri Mélaka, Malacca
nampak, to see, to catch sight of (42) Négéri Pahang, Pahang
nanti, to wait (108) Négéri Perak, Perak
nantikan, fo wait for (108) Négéri Pérlis, Perlis
nasi, rice (cooked) Négéri Pinang, Penang
236 SPEAK MALAY!

Négéri Sélangor, Selangor nombor satu, first-class, best

Négéri Sémbilan, Negri Sembilan quality
(125) -nya, his, her, its (56)
Négéri Téréngganu, Trengganu nyamok, mosquito
nombor, number nyior, coconut

ofis, office orang kédai, shopkeeper

orang, man, woman, person; cl. for orang laki-laki, man
human beings (45) orang Mélayu, a Malay
orang China, a Chinese orang pérémpuan, woman
orang gaji, servant, employee orang Portugis, a Portuguese
orang Hindu, a Hindu orang puteh, a European
orang India, an Indian orang sakit, sick person; patient (n.)
orang Jépun, a Japanese

pada, on, at (time) patah, broken, fractured; cl. for

padi, rice (growing) words and phrases
pagar, fence payah, cf. ta’ payah
pagi, morning payong, umbrella
pagi tadi, this morning (refers only pédang, sword
to the past) pédas, hot (of curry)
pahit, bitter pékan, town
pakai, to use; to wear, to put on pélajaran, lesson; education
pakaian, clothes, clothing pélajaran ulang-kaji, revision lesson
panas, hort (sun) (70) pélamin, bridal throne (109)
pandai, clever, good at pélandok, mousedeer
panggang, fo roast pendek, short
pangking, bed; wooden sleeping plat- péngantin, bride; bridegroom
form as used in servants’ quarters, péngantin laki-laki, bridegroom
etc, péngantin pérémpuan, bride
panjang, long péngganas, terrorist; bandit
pantai, beach, shore pénjahat, ferrorist; bandit
parit, ditch, drain pénjara, prison, gaol
pasal, concerning, about penshen, pension
pasal apa, why pénumpang, passenger
pasar, market, bazaar pénuris gétah, rubber-tapper
pasar buah-buah, fruit-market pényakit, disease, illness
pasar buah-buahan, fruit-market pényéngat, wasp
pasir, sand pépéreksaan, examination
 SPEAK MALAY! 237
pérémpuan, female, feminine (13) pisang, cf. buah pisang
pérgi, to go; cf Appendix D (6) pisau, knife
pérgi lékas, to go at once; to hurry pisau chukor, razor
pérgi sama, to go too poket, pocket
pérkataan, word pokok, tree
Pérlis, Perlis pokok gétah, rubber-tree
pérmata, jewel Portugis, Portuguese (adj.)
pérsékutuan, federation; federal posofis, post office
pértama, first (93a) potong, to cut off; slice, cf.
pérut, stomach Appendix A (17)
pétang, afternoon, evening (124) puchok, shoor, bud; cl. for letters,
pi, to go (especially in Kedah and needles and guns
the North generally) pula, cf. (137) (138)
pili, tap (n.) pulau, island
pinang, cf. buah pinang Pulau Pinang, Penang (Island) (82)
Pinang, Penang pukul, ro strike, to beat; o'clock (94)
pinggan, plate, dish pun, cf. (129) (130)
pinggan-mangkok, crockery ... pun... juga, also, too (150)
pinjam (kapada), to borrow (from) puntong, stub, butt-end, cf.
(142) Appendix A
pinjamkan, to lend (142) punya, cf. Appendix D (2)
pintu, door; cl. for terrace houses puteh, white
piring, saucer

rabu, cf. hari rabu ribu, thousand

raja, prince; rajan ribut, storm
rajin, diligent; hardworking rimau, tiger
rambut, hair rimba, jungle, forest
rambutan, cf. buah rambutan ringgit, dollar
ratus, hundred rokok, cigar, cigarette
rawan, cl. for fishing-nets, cf. roti, bread; loaf
Appendix A rumah, house, building
rébus, to boil rumah sakit, hospital
réndah, low; primary (education) rumput, grass
riang-riang, cicada

sa-, one; a, an (44) sa-bélas, eleven

sa’at, second (time) sa-bélum, before (time)
sa-bélah, beside, next-door to, next Sa-bérang Pérai, Province Wellesley
to (133) sabtu, cf. hari sabtu
238 SPEAK MALAY!

sabun, soap sélalu, always, usually, often

sagu, sago sélamat, peace; safety (26)
sahaja, only sélamat jalan, good-bye (26)
sa-juta, one million sélamat tinggal, good-bye (26)
sa-kali, once Sélangor, Selangor
sa-kali lagi, once more; again sélasa, cf. hari sélasa
sa-kéjap, a moment sélimpat, braided ribbon pattern in
sa-kéjap lagi, soon lace; cf. ular sélimpat
sakit, i/l, sick sélimut, sheet
sakit hati, angry sélimut bulu, blanket
sakit térok, seriously ill séluar dalam, panties (women’s);
salah, wrong, guilty underpants (men’s)
sama, together (with), along (with); séluar panjang, trousers
same; too; cf. Appendix D (3) séluar pendek, shorts
sa-macham, the same sémbahyang, to pray; prayer
sa-malam, last night sémbilan, nine
sama-sama, same to you; not at all, sémbilan-bélas, nineteen
don’t mention it (79) sémbilan-puloh, ninety
sampai, to reach, to arrive; until séménanjong, peninsula
sangat, very, very much (59) sémua, ail (144)
sa-orang, alone, by oneself s€mut, ant
sa-puloh, ten sen, cent
sapu tangan, handkerchief sénang, easy
sa-ratus, one hundred sénapang, gun
sa-ribu, one thousand séndiri, self
sarong, sheath sepak, to kick
sarong kaki panjang, stockings sérambi, verandah (Malay style)
sarong kaki pendek, socks sérangga, insect
sarong tangan, gloves sérban, turban
sa-téngah, a half; cf. Appendix D séteshen, station
(11) sewa, to hire
satu, one (44) siap, ready
sawah, rice-field, padi-field siapa, who, whom
saya, I, me; my (17) Slapa-siapa, anyone, anybody (128)
saya séndiri, J myself siaran, broadcast (n.); (radio) pro-
sébab, cause, motive; because gramme
sédap, tasty; good (of food) sihat, fit, well, healthy
ségan, lazy sikit, a little, a bit; rather (83)
séjuk, cold simpan, fo put away, to keep, to
sékarang, now store
sékolah, school simpan duit, to save money
sékolah ménéngah, secondary singa, lion
school Singapura, Singapore
sékolah réndah, primary school singgah, to call in, to stop off
sékolah tinggi, university songkok, hat (Malay style)
 SPEAK MALAY! 239
sudah, finished, completed (110) sungal, river
(111) sunggoh, real, really, very; true
sudah habis, al/ gone, over (adv.) surat, letter
suka, to like surat khabar, newspaper
suka hati, pleased, happy suroh, fo tell, 10 order, to command
suka-ta’-suka, willy-nilly (121) susah, difficult
suku, quarter susah hati, worried, anxious
sultan, sultan susu, milk

ta’, no, not (7) tawar, fasteless

ta’ apa, it doesn’t matter (French: tébuan, hornet
¢a ne fait rien) (71) teh, tea (to drink)
ta’ bérapa, not very télinga, ear
tada, cf. Appendix D (8) télok, bay
ta’ dan, no time to (do) télor, egg
tadi, just now tembak, to shoot, to fire
tahan, to ho!d out, to stand, to tembok, (outside) wall
endure; to last témpat, place
tahan bélanja, to be able to afford témpat tidor, bed (general term)
tahu, to know (a fact); to know how téngah, middle (133)
to tengok, to look at, to see, to watch
tahun, year (42)
tahun dépan, next year téntu, certain, certainly
tahun lépas, /ast year tépi, edge, side (133)
tahun-tahun, every year tépong, flour
tak, no, not (7) térbakar, to be burned down; to
takut, to fear, to be afraid; catch fire
frightened térbang, to fly
tali, string, rope, cord térbit, ro rise (of the sun); to be
tali leher, necktie issued (of books)
tali pinggang, belt térbuka, open (adj.)
tanah, land, earth térima, to receive
Tanah Mélayu, Malaya térima kaseh, thank you (36)
tangan, hand, arm; sleeve térjatoh, to fall down
tangga, ladder; stairs, staircase, Cl. térjatoh tangga, to fall downstairs
for Malay style houses on stilts térlupa, fo forget
tanjong, headland, point térok, acute, severe, arduous
Tanjong, Georgetown; Penang (82) tétapi, but
tangkai, stalk, stem; cl. for flowers tiap-tiap, every, each
tangkap, fo catch, to arrest tiba, fo arrive
ta’ payah, there’s no need to; don't tiba-tiba, suddenly
bother to (147c) tidak, no, not (7)
tapi, bur tidor, to sleep; to go to sleep; to go
tauyu, soya-bean sauce to bed
240 SPEAK MALAY!
tiga, three tua, old (of people) (123); dark (of
tiga-bélas, thirteen colours)
tiga-puloh, thirty tuala, towel
tikit, ticket tuan, lord, master; boss; sir, Mr
tikus, rat, mouse (101)
tilam, mattress tuang, to pour out; to make (tea)
timba, bucket, pail; dipper (113)
tinggal, to stay, to remain (33) tuang teh, to make tea
tinggi, high, tall tujoh, seven
tingkat, storey tujoh-bélas, seventeen
tingkap, window tujoh-puloh, seventy
tokong, (Chinese) remple tukang kébun, gardener
tolong, to help tulis, to write
tongkat, walking-stick turun, to go down; to come down, to
toni, har (general term) descend; to set (of the sun)

ubi, potato ular, snake

ubi kayu, tapioca ular sélimpat, sea-snake
ubi kéntang, potato urat, strand; cl. for thread
udang, prawn utas, skein, string; cl. for things in
ulang-kaji, revision strings; cf. Appendix A

wah!, oh dear! wayang, theatrical performance

wak-wak, gibbon wayang gélap, cinema
warna, colour

yang, who, whom, which, that Yang di-Pértuan Bésar, the Ruler of
(156-159) Negri Sembilan
Yang di-Pértuan Agong, Paramount Yang Mahamulia, His Highness
Ruler (the King of Malaya) yang pértama, first (93a)

zaman, fime
 APPENDIX H

ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY

See the remarks at the beginning of Appendix G; they apply here also.
a, an, Sa-, satu, q.Vv. always, sélalu
able, to be, boleh among, antara (133)
about (concerning), pasal and, dan
according to, ikut angry, marah; sakit hati (106)
acute, térok animal, binatang
addition, in, dan lagi another time, lain kali
aeroplane, kapal térbang answer (vb.), ménjawab
affected by, to be, kéna (120) ant, sémut
afford, to be able to, tahan bélanja anxious, susah hati (106)
afraid, to be, takut any (adj.), mana-mana (128)
after, lépas anybody, siapa-siapa (128)
after that, \épas itu anyone, Siapa-siapa (128)
afterwards, \épas itu anything, apa-apa (128)
again, sa-kali lagi approximately, \ébeh-kurang
aged, to be, bérumor arduous, térok
ago, dahulu, dulu areca nut, buah pinang
agree, bérsétuju arm, tangan; léngan
alive, to be, hidup (33) arrive, sampai, tiba
all, sémua (144) as, macham
all gone, sudah habis ascend, naik (40)
allow, bagi (143) as if, macham
all right, baik-lah ask (inquire), bértanya
alone, sa-orang ask (invite), jémput
along (with), sama ask for, minta
Alor Star, Alor Sétar (36a) at, di- (14); pada (77)
a lot (of), banyak (25) at first, mula-mula
also, dan lagi (150) attap, kajang

back, bélakang (132) bathe (wash), mandi

ball, bola bathroom, bilek ayer, bilek mandi
banana, buah pisang bay, télok
bandit, péngganas, pénjahat bazaar, pasar
242 SPEAK MALAY!

be, ada (22) blouse, baju

be able, boleh blue, biru
heach, pantai body, badan
be alive, hidup boil (vb.) rébus
bean, kachang book, buku
beat (vb.), pukul bookshop, kédai buku-buku
beautiful, bagus; chantek (pretty) born, to be, jadi
be burned down, térbakar borrow (from), to, pinjam (kapada)
because, kérana, sébab (142)
become, jadi boss, tuan
bed, témpat tidor (general term); box (big), tong
katil (European style); pangking box (small), kotak
(sleeping platform as found in boy, budak; budak laki-laki
servants’ quarters) brassiére, baju dalam pendek
bedroom, bilek; bilek tidor bread, roti
bee, lébah breakfast (vb. and n.), makan pagi
beef, daging lémbu bridal throne, pélamin
beetle, kumbang bride, péngantin; péngantin
before (formerly), dahulu, dulu pérémpuan
before (place), dépan (132) bridegroom, péngantin; péngantin
before (time), sa-bélum laki-laki
begin, bérmula, mula (96) bring, bawa
behind, bélakang (132) broad (of shoulders), bidang, cf.
below, bawah (132) Appendix A
belt, tali pinggang broadcast (n.), siaran
be married, bérkahwin broken, patah
beneath, bawah (132) brown, chokélat
bersanding, bérsanding (109) bucket, timba
best quality, nombor satu bud, kuntum, puchok, cf. Appendix
beside, sa-bélah (133) A
betel nut, buah pinang buffalo, kérbau
better, had, baik (39) building, rumah
between, antara (133) bullock-cart, kéreta lémbu
beyond, \épas burned down, to be, térbakar
bicycle, béskal bus, bas; kéreta bas
big, bésar but, tétapi, tapi
bird, burong butcher’s shop, kédai daging
bit, a, sikit butt-end, puntong, cf. Appendix A
bitter, pahit butter, méntega
black, hitam buy, béli
blanket, sélimut bulu by oneself, sa-orang
 SPEAK MALAY! 243

cabbage, kobis civet-cat, musang

cadjan, kajang clean (vb.), chuchi
café, kédai kopi clever, pandai
call (vb.), panggil clock, jam
call at, singgah cloth, kain
call in, singgah clothes, pakaian
can (vb.), boleh clothing, pakaian
candle, lilin cloud, awan
car, kéreta coat, baju
carry, bawa cockroach, lipas
cart, kéreta coconut, nyior
casting-net, jala coffee, kopi
cat, kuching coffee-shop, kédai kopi
catch (vb.), tangkap cold, séjuk
catch fire, térbakar colour, warna
catty, kati come, datang, mari (41)
cause, sébab come back, balek
cent, sen come down, turun
ten cents, sa-puloh sen (S. come in, masok
Malaya) come out, kéluar
ten cents, sa-kupang (N. Malaya) come too, datang sama, mari sama
centivede, lipan (69)
ceremony, isti’adat come up, naik
certain, téntu command (vb.), suroh
certainly, téntu communist (adj.), komyunis
chair, kérusi communist (n.), orang komyunis
cheap, murah communist terrorist, pengganas
cheese, keju komyunis; pénjahat komyunis
chest, dada completed, sudah (110-111)
chick (window-blind), bidai composition (essay), karangan
chicken, ayam compound (of a house), kampong
child (offspring), anak concerning, pasal
child (youngster), budak confluence, kuala
chillies, chabai cook (n.), kuki
China, Négéri China cook (vb.), masak
Chinese (adj.), China cord, tali
Chinese (person), orang China cost, bélanja; harga-nya (56)
Chinese (language), bahasa China count (vb.), bilang
church, géreja country, négeéri
cicada, riang-riang cow, lémbu; lémbu bétina
cigar, rokok crab, kétam
cigarette, rokok crate, tong
cinema, wayang gélap crockery, pinggan-mangkok
244 SPEAK MALAY!

crow (n.), burong gagak curry, gulai

cup, chawan curve (n.), béntok, cf. Appendix A
cupboard, \émari cut off, potong

dangerous, bérbahaya dipper, timba

dark, gélap dirty, kotor
dark (of colours), tua dish, pinggan
daughter, anak; anak pérémpuan ditch, parit
day, hari do, buat
day after to-morrow, the, lusa doctor, doktor
day before yesterday, the, kélmarin dog, anjing
dahulu dollar, ringgit
dead (adj.), mati don’t, jangan (146)
dead, to be, mati don’t ever, jangan sa-kali-kali (149)
dear (expensive), mahal door, pintu
debt, hutang drain, parit
debt, to be in, bérhutang dress (woman’s frock), gaun
demand (vb.), minta drink (vb.), minum
descend, turun drive a car, bawa kéreta
dew, €mbun dry, kéring
die, mati duck, itek
different, lain durian, buah durian
difficult, susah dutiable, to be, kéna chukai
diligent, rajin duty (customs), chukai
dining-room bilek makan dwell, dudok (33)

each, tiap-tiap eleven, sa-bélas

ear, télinga else, lagi
earlier (formerly), dahulu, dulu employee, orang gaji
earth, tanah empty, kosong
easy, sénang end (finish), akhir
eat, makan endure, tahan
edge, tépi English (adj.), Inggéris
education, pélajaran English (language), bahasa
egg, télor Inggéris ;bahasa orang puteh (31)
eight, lapan, délapan (49) English (people), the, orang Inggéris
eighteen, lapan-bélas; délapan- enough, chukup
bélas (49) essay, karangan
eighty, lapan-puloh; délapan-puloh estuary, kuala
(49) etc., d.s.b.
electric, lektrik etcetera, dan sa-ba gainya
elephant, gajah European (adj.; n.), orang pute
 SPEAK MALAY! 245
even, pun (130) every year, tiap-tiap tahun; tahun-
evening, malam; pétang (97) (124) tahun
every, tiap-tiap examination, pépéreksaan
every day, tiap-tiap hari; hari-hari excellent, bagus
every evening, tiap-tiap malam; excess, in, lébeh
malam-malam excuse (vb.), ma’afkan
every month, tiap-tiap bulan; bulan- exist, ada (22)
bulan expense, bélanja
every night, tiap-tiap malam; expensive, mahal
malam-malam eye, mata

face, muka first, at, mula-mula

fall down, térjatoh first-class, nombor satu
fall downstairs, térjatoh tangga fish, ikan
fast, chépat fish-hook, kail
fat, gemok fit (well, healthy), sihat
father, bapa five, lima
fear (vb.), takut flesh, daging
feast, kénduri floods, ayer bah
federal, pérsékutuan floor, lantai
federation, pérsékutuan flour, tépong
Federation of Malaya, Pérsékutuan flower, bunga
Tanah Mélayu Sly (n.), lalat
fellow!, poor, kasehan dia! fly (vb.), térbang
female, pérémpuan, bétina (13) follow, ikut
feminine, pérémpuan, bétina (13) food, makanan
fence, pagar foot, kaki
fetch, ambil football, bola sepak
fever, démam foreign, asing
fever, to have a, démam forest, hutan, rimba
fifteen, lima-bélas forget, térlupa
fifty, lima-puloh forgive, ma’afkan
film (in the cinema), gambar fork, garfu
fine (good), bagus forty, émpat-puloh
fine (n.), dénda four, émpat
fined, to be, kéna dénda fourteen, émpat-bélas
finger, jati fractured, patah
finish, habis French beans, kachang bunchis
finished, sudah (110-111); habis Friday, hari juma’at
fire, api friend, kawan
fire, to catch, térbakar frightened, takut
firefly, kélip-kélip from, dari; daripada (35a) (92
first (adj.), yang pértama (93a) from there, dari-sana
first (ady.), dahulu, dulu from where, dari-mana
246 SPEAK MALAY!
front, dépan (132) fry, goreng
fruit, buah; buah-buah, buah- frying-pan, kuali
buahan (61) furthermore, dan lagi
fruit-market, pasar buah-buah;
pasar buah-buahan

garden, kébun go to bed, tidor

gardener, tukang kébun go to sleep, tidor
gecko, chichak go up, naik
general (adj.), agong goat, kambing
geography, ilmu bumi going to, to be, héndak, nak (62)
Georgetown, Tanjong (82) golf ball, bola golf
get (fetch), ambil good, baik
get (obtain), dapat good (of food), sédap
get married, bérkahwin good at, pandai
get up, bangun goods, barang
gibbon, wak-wak goose, angsa
girl, budak; budak pérémpuan gone, all, sudah habis
gloves, sarong tangan government, kérajaan
go, pérgi grain, a, butir, cf. Appendix A
go at once, pérgi lékas grass, Tumput
go back, balek great, bésar
go down, turun green, hijau
go in, masok grey, kélabu
go on foot, bérjalan kaki guilty, salah
go shopping, pérgi béli barang gun, sénapang

had better, baik (39) have a holiday, bérchuti

hair, rambut have breakfast, makan pagi
half, sa-téngah he, dia
hand, tangan head, képala
handkerchief, sapu tangan headland, tanjong
hang, to, gantong headmaster, guru bésar
hang about, lengah headmistress, guru bésar
hanged, to be, kena gantong healthy, sihat
hard (of work), kuat hear, déngar
hardworking, rajin heart, jantong; hati (106)
hat (general term), topi he himself, dia séndiri
hat (Malay style), songkok help (vb.), tolong
have, ada (22) her (obj.), dia
have a bath, mandi her (possessive), dia; -nya (17)
 SPEAK MALAY! 247
here, di-sini hole, lobang
here (hither), ka-sini hornet, tébuan
hide (intrans.), bérsémbunyi horse, kuda
high, tinggi hot (general term), hangat (70)
Highness, His, Yang Mahamulia hot (of pepper, etc.), pédas (70)
hill, bukit hot (of the sun), panas (70)
him, dia how, macham mana
Hindu (adj.), Hindu how long, bérapa lama
Hindu (n.), orang Hindu how many, bérapa
hire, sewa how much, bérapa
hire-car, kéreta sewa hundred, ratus
his, dia; -nya (17) a hundred, sa-ratus
His Highness, Yang Mahamulia one hundred, sa-ratus
hither, ka-sini hurry (to leave quickly), pérgi lékas
hold out (endure), tahan hurt (of feelings), kéchil hati

I, saya. inform, kata kapada

idle (vb.), iengah ink, da’wat
if, kalau inquire, bértanya
in, di-, (14); dalam (132) insect, sérangga
indebted. bérhutang inside, dalam (132)
independence, kémérdekaan intend to, héndak, nak (62)
independent, mérdeka invite, jémput
India, Négéri India island, pulau
Indian (adj.), India issued, to be (of books), térbit
Indian (n.), orang India

jacket, baju Johore, Négéri Johor

Japanese (adj.), Jépun Johore Bahru, Johor Baharu
Japanese (n.), orang Jépun jump, lompat
Japanese (language), bahasa Jépun jungle, hutan, rimba
Jewel, pérmata just now, tadi

Kedah, Négéri Kédah kind (sort), macham

keep (store), simpan kitchen, dapor
Kelantan, Négéri Kélantan know (a fact), tahu
kettle, cherek know how to, tahu
kick, sepak Kota Bharu, Kota Baharu
248 SPEAK MALAY!

ladder, tangga like (vb.), suka

lady’s fingers, kachang béndi like (prep.), macham
land, tanah like that, macham itu
language, bahasa like this, macham ini
large, bésar lime (fruit), buah limau
last (vb.), tahan lion, singa
last (preceding), lépas listen, déngar
last month, bulan lépas listen to, déngar
last night, sa-malam little, kéchil
last week, minggu lépas little, a, sikit
last year, tahun lépas live (be alive), hidup (33)
late, lambat, lewat (100) live (dwell), dudok (33)
lazy, ségan liver, hati (106)
lead (vb.), bawa loaf of bread, a, sa-biji roti
leaf, daun look, tengok
learn, bélajar look at, tengok
leave (vb.), bértolak look for, chari
leave, to be on, bérchuti long, panjang
leave, to go on, bérchuti long (of time), lama
leg, kaki lord, tuan
lend, pinjamkan, bagi pinjam lot (of), a banyak (25)
(142-143) lottery, lotéri
lesson, pélajaran low, réndah
let (allow), bagi (143) lucky, mujor
letter, surat that’s lucky!, mujor-lah!
light (of colours), muda luggage, barang
lightning, kilat lump (piece), képing

maidservant, amah Malaya, Malaya; Tanah Mélayu

make, buat male, laki-laki, jantan (13)
make (cause to), bagi (143) man, orang; orang laki-laki
make coffee, banchoh kopi, buat manage to, dapat
kopi (113) mangosteen, buah manggis
make tea, tuang teh, buat teh (113) mantis, chénchada
Malacca (state), Négéri Mélaka many, banyak (25)
Malacca (town), Mélaka market, pasar
Malay (adj.), Mélayu married (adj.), berkahwin
Malay (language), bahasa Mélayu masculine, laki-laki, jantan (13)
Malay (person), orang Mélayu mason-bee, angkut-angkut
 SPEAK MALAY! 249
master, tuan more or less, \ébeh-kurang
matter, it doesn’t, ta’ apa (71) morning, pagi
mattress, tilam morning, in the, pagi
me, saya morning, this, pagi ini
meat, daging morning, this (past only), pagi tadi
mention it, don’t, sama-sama (79) mosque, mésjid
middle, teéngah (133) mosquito, nyamok
milk, susu mosquito-net, kélambu
million, juta mother, émak
a million, sa-juta motive, sébab
one million, sa-juta mount (vb.), naik (40)
minute (60 seconds), minit mountain, gunong
mist, kabut mouse, tikus
mix, banchoh mousedeer, pélandok
moment, a, sa-kéjap mouth, mulut
Monday, hari isnen move (house), bérpindah
money, duit move (trans.), aleh
monkey, kéra move off, bértolak
month, bulan Mr, Che’, Enche’; Tuan
moon, bulan much, banyak (25)
more, lagi museum, muzium
the more ...the more, lagi... mutton, daging kambing
lagi my, saya (17) (20)
more (in excess), lébeh

nail (finger, toe, etc.), kuku next year, tahun dépan

name, nama night, malam
national, kébangsaan nightdress, baju tidor
National Language, Bahasa nine, sémbilan
Kébangsaan nineteen, sémbilan-bélas
neck, leher ninety, sémbilan-puloh
needle, jarum no, bukan (2); tidak (7); bélum
need to, no, ta’ payah (147c) (110-111); dak, ta’, tak
Negri Sembilan, Négéri Sémbilan no need to, ta’ payah (147c)
new, baharu nose, hidong
news, khabar not, bukan (2); tidak (7); bélum
newspaper, surat khabar (110-111); dak, ta’, tak
next (following), dépan not at all, sama-sama (79)
next-door to, sa-bélah (133) not very, ta’ bérapa
next month, bulan dépan not yet, bélum, tidak lagi (110-111)
next time, lain kali nought, kosong
next to, sa-bélah (133) now, sekarang
next week, minggu dépan number, nombor
250 SPEAK MALAY!

obtain, dapat once, sa-kali

o'clock, pukul (94) one, satu, sa- (44)
off, dari-atas (132) onion, bawang
office, ofis only, sahaja
offspring, anak on to, ka-atas (132)
off to, to be, héndak ka-, nak ka- open (adj.), térbuka
(64) open (vb.), buka
oh dear!, wah! order (vb.), suroh
O.K., baik-lah originally, mula-mula
old (of people), tua our, kita (17)
old (of things), lama outside, di-luar
old, to be (so many (years)), berumor over (finished), sudah habis
on, pada (77); di-atas (132) ox, lémbu

Pahang, Négéri Pahang person, orang

palm-frond, kajang picture, gambar
panties (women’s) séluar dalam piece, képing
paper, kértas pig, babi
Paramount Ruler, Yang di-Pértuan pillow, bantal
Agong pity (n.), kasehan
part, bahagian place (n.), tempat
party (social), kénduri plate, pinggan
pass (examinations), lulus dalam play (vb.) bérmain
(pépéreksaan) pleased, suka hati
passenger, penumpang pocket, pokit
patient (n.), orang sakit point (headland), tanjong
pay (n.), gaji policeman, mata-mata
pay (vb.), bayar poor (not rich), miskin
peace, sélamat (26) poor fellow!, kasehan dia!
peas, kachang hijau pork, daging babi
pen, kalam Portuguese (adj.), Portugis
Penang (island), Pulau Pinang, Portuguese (people), orang Portugis
Tanjong (82) post office, posofis
Penang (state), Négéri Pinang potato, ubi; ubi kéntang
peninsula, séménanjong pour out, tuang (113)
pension, penshen pour out tea, banchoh teh (113)
people, orang prawn, udang
pepper, lada pray, sembahyang
Perak, Négéri Perak prayer, sembahyang
performance, theatrical, wayang prefer, lagi suka
perhaps, barangkali pretty, chantek
Perlis, Négéri Pérlis previously, dahulu, dulu
 SPEAK MALAY! 251
price, harga Province Wellesley, Sa-bérang
primary (education), réndah Pérai
primary school, sékolah réndah put, buboh
prince, raja put away, simpan
Programme (radio), siaran put on (clothes), pakai
proud (in a good sense), bésar hati pyjamas, baju tidor
(106)

quality, best, nombor satu quick, chépat

quarter, suku quickly, chépat

rain, hujan rich, kaya

rajah, raja rickshaw, becha
rambutan, buah rambutan ride (in, on), naik (40)
rat, tikus ring (n.), chinchin
rather, sikit (83) ripe, masak
raw, méntah rise (get up), bangun
razor, pisau chukor rise (sum), térbit
reach, sampai river, sungai
read, bacha road, jalan
ready, siap roast (vb.), panggang
real, sunggoh ro 1 (of cloth), kayu, cf. Appendix A
really, sunggon roof, bumbong
receive, térima, dapat room, bilek
red, merah rope, tali
remain, tinggal rubber, gétah
remember, ingat rubber estate, kébun gétah
restaurant, kédai makan rubber-tapper, pénuris gétah
return, balek rubber-tree, pokok gétah
revision, ulang-kaji Ruler (of Negri Sembilan), Yang di-
rice (cooked), nasi Pértuan Bésar
rice (growing), padi run, bérlai
rice (uncooked), béras run away, lari
rice-field, bendang, sawah

safety, sélamat (26) salary, gaji

saffron, kunyit salt, garam
Sago, sagu same, sama
sail, to set, bértolak same, the, sa-macham
Zan SPEAK MALAY!

same to you, Sama-sama short, pendek

sand, pasir shorts, séluar pendek
sarong, kain; kain sarong side, tépi (133)
Saturday, hari sabtu sir, tuan
saucer, piring sit, dudok
save money, simpan duit sit in state side by side, bérsanding
say, kata, bérkata (109)
school, sékolah six, €nam
scorpion, kala sixteen, €nam-bélas
sea, laut sixty, €nam-puloh
sea-snake, ular sélimpat skein, utas, cf. Appendix A
second (1/60 of a minute), sa’at sleep, tidor
secondary (education), ménéngah sleeve, tangan
secondary school, sékolah ménéngah slice, potong, cf. Appendix A
see, nampak; tengok (42) slip (woman’s), baju dalam panjang
seed, biji slow, lambat
seek, chari slowly, lambat-lambat
Selangor, Négéri Sélangor small, kéchil
self, séndiri smoke (vb.), isap
sell, jual snake, ular
separate (adj.), asing snake, sea-, ular sélimpat
seriously ill, sakit térok soap, sabun
servant, orang gaji socks, sarong kaki pendek
set (of the sun), turun soon, sa-kéjap lagi
set sail, bértolak son, anak, anak laki-laki
seven, tujoh sort (kind), macham
seventeen, tujoh-bélas sour, masam
seventy, tujoh-puloh soya beans, kachang Jépun
severe (serious), térok Soya sauce, tauyu
shall, héndak, nak (62) speak, bérchakap
shave (intrans.), bérchukor splendid, bagus
shave (trans.), chukor spoon, chamcha
she, dia Staircase, tangga
sheath, sarong Stairs, tangga
sheet, sélimut stalk, tangkai, cf. Appendix A
ship, kapal stand (vb.), bérdiri
shirt, baju kémeja stand (endure), tahan
shoes, kasut Stand up, bérdiri
shoot (n.), puchok, cf. Appendix A Start (vb.), bértolak
shoot (vb.), tembak State (n.), négéri
shop, kédai Station, séteshen
shopkeeper, orang kédai stay (behind), tinggal (33)
shopping, to do some, béli barang stay (in a hotel, etc.), dudok (33)
shopping, to go, pérgi béli barang steamship, kapal api
shore, pantai stem, tangkai, cf. Appendix A
 SPEAK MALAY! 253
still (adv.), lagi stub, puntong, cf. Appendix A
stockings, sarong kaki panjang stupid, bodoh
stomach, pérut suddenly, tiba-tiba
stop (vb.), bérhénti sufficient, chukup
stop off, singgah sugar, gula
store (vb.), simpan sultan, sultan
Storey, tingkat sun, matahari
storm, ribut Sunday, hari ahad
strand, urat, cf. Appendix A sweet, manis
strike (vb.), pukul swim, bérénang
string, tali; utas, cf. Appendix A sword, pédang
strong, kuat

table, meja the more ...the more...,lagi...

tail, ekor lagi
take (a thing), ambil thence, dari-sana
take (a person), bawa there, di-sana
tall, tinggi there (thither), ka-sana
Tamil (adj.), Tamil these, ini
Tamil (language), bahasa Tamil thin, kurus
Tamil (person), orang Tamil thing, barang
tap (n.), pili think (opine), ingat
tapioca, ubi kayu thirteen, tiga-bélas
tap rubber, to, turis gétah thirty, tiga-puloh
tasteless, tawar this, ini
tasty, sédap this way (direction), ikut ini
tax (n.), chukai this way (thus), macham ini
taxable, to be, kéna chukai thither, ka-sana
taxi, kéreta sewa those, itu
tea (dry leaves), daun teh thousand, ribu
tea (liquid), teh a thousand, sa-ribu
teacher, guru one thousand, sa-ribu
tell (command), suroh thread (n.), bénang
tell (inform), kata kapada three, tiga
temple (Chinese), tokong throne, bridal, pélamin
temple (Hindu), kuil thumb, ibu jari
ten, sa-puloh thunder, gémuroh
terrorist, pengganas, pénjahat Thursday, hari khamis
thank you, térima kaseh (36) thus, macham ini, macham itu
that, itu tie (n.), tali leher
that (rel.), yang (156-159) tiger, harimau, rimau
that way (direction), ikut itu time (occasion), kali
that way (thus), macham itu time (period), masa, Zaman
theatrical performance, wayang time to, enough, dan
254 SPEAK MALAY!
time to, no, ta’ dan train (railway), kéreta api
tin (ore), bijeh timah travel (by, in, on), naik (40)
tin-mine, lombong bijeh timah tree, pokok
to, ka-, kapada (34a) Trengganu, Négéri Téréngganu
to-day, hari ini trishaw, becha
toe, jari kaki trousers, séluar panjang
toilet (W.C.), jamban true, sunggoh
to-morrow, besok, esok try, chuba
to-morrow, the day after, lusa Tuesday, hari sélasa
too (also), sama; cf. (150) turban, sérban
too lare, lewat (100) turkey, ayam Bélanda
tooth, gigi twelve, dua-bélas
top, atas (132) twenty, dua-puloh
top of, on, di-atas (132) twice, dua kali
towel, tuala two, dua
town, péekan

umbrella, payong until, sampai

under, bawah (132) us, kita
underneath, bawah (132) use (vb.), pakai
underpants, séluar dalam useful, bérguna
undervest, baju dalam usually, sélalu; biasa-nya
university, Sekolah tingg!

vehicle, kéreta very much, sangat (591

verandah (European), béranda very, not, ta’ bérapa
verandah (Malay), sérambi village, kampong
very, sangat (59); sunggoh vinegar, chuka

wages, gajl wall (partition), dinding

waist, pinggang want, mahu
wait, nanti wardrobe, lémari
wait for, nantikan wash, mandi
walk, bérjalan, bérjalan kaki (141) wash the clothes, chuchi kain
walk about, bérjalan-jalan wash up the dishes, chuchi pinggan
walking-stick, tongkat wasp, pényéngat
wall (outside), tembok watch (n.), jam
 SPEAK MALAY! 255
watch (vb.), tengok who, slapa
water, ayer who (rel.), yang (156-159)
way, jalan whom, siapa
W.C., jamban whom (rel.), yang (156-159)
we, kita why, pasal apa
wear, pakal wicked, jahat
Wednesday, hari rabu wife, 1stéri
week, minggu will (vb.), héndak, nak (62)
well (healthy), sihat win a lottery, dapat lotéri
wet, basah window, tingkap
what, apa with, déngan
when, bila; masa (105) woman, orang; Orang pérémpuan
whence, dari-mana wood, kayu
where, di-mana word, pérkataan
where .. . from, dari-mana work (n.), kérja
where ... to, Ka-mana work (vb.), békérja
which, mana work hard, to, békérja kuat
which (rel.), yang (156-159) worried, susah hati
while, masa (105) write, tulis
white, puteh writing-paper, kértas tulis
whither, ka-mana wrong (guilty), salah

year, tahun yet, not, bélum (110-111); tidak

yellow, kuning lagi
yesterday, kélmarin you, énche’
yesterday, the day before, kélmarin young, muda
dahulu youngster, budak
yet, lagi your, énche’ (17)
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