Here are all major international issues and inter-state conflicts

from the past 5 years (2020–2025)

1. Russia–Ukraine War: A Challenge to Global Peace and Security

2. Israel–Palestine Conflict and the Gaza War (2023–2024): A
Humanitarian Crisis
3. India–Pakistan Tensions over Kashmir: A Nuclear Flashpoint in South
Asia
4. China–Taiwan Standoff: A Threat to Regional Stability in East Asia
5. China–India Border Disputes: Skirmishes in the Himalayas
6. US–China Strategic Rivalry: A New Cold War?
7. Iran–US-Israel Conflict: Nuclear Ambitions and Regional Tensions
8. Armenia–Azerbaijan Conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh (2020–2023)
9. North Korea’s Missile Program: A Persistent Security Threat
10. US–Iran Tensions after the Killing of Qasem Suleiman (2020)
11. Yemen Crisis: Proxy War between Iran and Saudi Arabia
12. Afghanistan’s Humanitarian Collapse Post-US Withdrawal
(2021)
13. Ethiopia–Tigray Conflict: Civil War and Human Rights Abuses
14. Sudan Civil War (2023–2025): A Forgotten Crisis
15. US–Russia Tensions over NATO Expansion and Ukraine
16. South China Sea Disputes: China vs ASEAN and the US
17. Turkey–Greece Maritime Disputes in the Eastern
Mediterranean
18. Cyber Warfare and Digital Espionage: US, China, Russia, and
Others
19. Global Refugee and Migration Crisis: Syria, Venezuela,
Ukraine, Rohingya
20. Global Energy Crisis and Oil Politics Post-Ukraine War
21. Climate Change as a Source of Geopolitical Conflict
22. Rise of Populism and Political Instability in Democratic States
23. Global Food Insecurity and Trade Wars after COVID-19 and
Ukraine War
24. Strategic Alliances and Military Groupings: AUKUS, QUAD,
NATO Expansion
25. Weaponization of Space: US, China, Russia Race for
Supremacy

Future issues (2026)

1. Escalation of the Russia–Ukraine War: Toward a Frozen Conflict or

Expansion?
 2. Renewed War in Gaza or West Bank: Israel–Palestine Conflict
Remains Unresolved
3. India–Pakistan Clash over Kashmir: A Risk of Armed Skirmishes or
Diplomatic Breakdown
4. Taiwan Strait Crisis: Growing Chances of a US–China Confrontation
5. South China Sea Conflict: ASEAN Nations vs. China over Maritime
Sovereignty
6. Potential North Korean Nuclear Test: Regional Stability in East Asia
under Threat
7. Iran’s Nuclear Program: Prospect of a New Middle East War
8. Afghanistan’s Political Vacuum: Resurgence of Militancy and
Humanitarian Collapse
9. China–India Strategic Competition in South Asia and the Indian
Ocean
10. US–Russia Cyber War and Global Espionage Tensions
11. Emergence of New Proxy Wars in Africa: Sahel, Sudan, and
Central African Regions
12. Risk of NATO–Russia Confrontation in Eastern Europe
13. Re-emergence of ISIS or Al-Qaeda: Threats in Africa and
Middle East
14. Climate Migration and Water Conflicts in South Asia and Africa
15. Global Economic Recession Risks: Impact of Debt, Inflation,
and War
16. Possible Collapse of Fragile States: Yemen, Lebanon, Sudan, or
Venezuel
17. Political Instability in the United States Ahead of Presidential
Transition (2024 aftermath)
18. AI and Cybersecurity Conflicts: Technological Arms Race
between Global Powers
19. Rise in Far-Right and Populist Movements in Europe and the US
20. Escalation of US–China Trade and Tech War
21. Disputes over Arctic Resources: Russia, US, Canada, and
Others
22. Tensions in Eastern Mediterranean: Turkey vs Greece and
Cyprus over Gas Reserves
23. Water Security Conflicts: Nile Basin (Egypt–Ethiopia), Indus
Basin (India–Pakistan)
24. Space Militarization: Strategic Rivalry among US, China, Russia
25. Israel–Lebanon–Hezbollah Confrontation: A Brewing Front in
the Middle East

🌐 Global & Regional Economic Issues with Country References

(2020–2026)
 1. Post-COVID-19 Economic Recovery Challenges – Impact on USA, EU,
China, India, and Pakistan
2. Rising Global Inflation and Cost of Living Crisis – Affecting USA, UK,
Turkey, Argentina, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
3. Supply Chain Disruptions After Pandemic and Ukraine War –
Impacting China, USA, Germany, India, Vietnam
4. Energy Crisis and Fuel Price Shocks – A Global Issue for EU, USA,
Russia, India, Pakistan, Gulf States
5. Food Security and Agricultural Disruptions – Impacting Ukraine,
Russia, African Nations, Pakistan, Egypt
6. Soaring National Debts and Risk of Defaults – Affecting Pakistan, Sri
Lanka, Lebanon, Ghana, Zambia
7. Currency Devaluation and Forex Reserve Crises – Facing Pakistan,
Egypt, Nigeria, Turkey, Argentina
8. US Federal Reserve Rate Hikes and Global Financial Tightening –
Affecting Developing Countries Worldwide
9. Banking Sector Instability and Market Volatility – Seen in USA (2023
Bank Failures), Switzerland (Credit Suisse)
10. Economic Inequality and Shrinking Middle Class – Notable in
USA, India, Brazil, South Africa
11. Technological Disruption and Automation – AI Impact in USA,
China, Japan, South Korea, and Europe
12. US–China Trade War and Technology Decoupling – Impacting
Global Trade and Emerging Markets
13. Sanctions and Economic Isolation – Imposed on Russia, Iran,
North Korea, Venezuela
14. The Push for De-Dollarization – Led by China, Russia, Iran,
Brazil (BRICS Initiative)
15. Economic Fallout of the Russia–Ukraine War – Affecting EU
(energy, inflation), Ukraine, Russia, Global South

🔮 Forecasted Economic Issues in 2026 with States Involved

16. Global Recession Threat – Involving USA, EU, China,

Developing Economies (Pakistan, Nigeria, etc.)
17. Food and Water Scarcity in Conflict Zones – Projected in
Yemen, Sudan, Afghanistan, Ethiopia
18. AI-Driven Job Displacement – Most Visible in USA, China,
Japan, and Emerging in India, Brazil, South Korea
19. China’s Economic Slowdown and Real Estate Crisis – Domestic
Impact with Global Supply Chain Repercussions
20. US Election Aftershocks on Global Economy – Affected Nations:
EU, China, Mexico, Canada, Global Markets
21. Escalating Debt Trap for Developing Countries – Pakistan, Sri
Lanka, Kenya, Egypt, Ghana at Risk
22. Climate-Induced Economic Crises – South Asia (Pakistan, India,
Bangladesh), Africa (Sahel Region)
23. Rise of Digital Currencies and Tax Conflicts – China (Digital
Yuan), USA (Crypto Regulation), EU, India
24. Trade Bloc Competition and Global Fragmentation – BRICS+,
RCEP, QUAD vs. Western Alliances
25. Decline in Globalization and Rise of Regionalism – Impacting
USA, EU, China, ASEAN, African Union

The major trade wars (2020–2026) as headings:

1. US–China Trade War (2020–2025)

2. US–Canada–Mexico Trade War (2025–Present)
3. Canada–China Trade War (2024–Present)
4. Australia–China Trade War (2020)
5. Boeing–Airbus Subsidy Dispute (2020 Peak)
6. Japan–South Korea Trade Dispute (2019–2023)