4 Pe giyent ve Beomidation oh » Petty Beit ane monty , oxtdtted 15 e oxidation . om te a 3 The fatty adds tp th bo 2 p-oxidation & dined 8 the oxidattion “ Be coabon alom- ' eae A p- ontclatlion of foty adds’ trvelves: ree. toy 1) Ackwvalioo © Led ro cers the cytexol. 4) Transport i fatty ols if we olhseds : wi), B- oniclecion proper iw the vib ris 1) Acttuation of Fest octal! : ; > Fatty adds arn actuabd “to “yl COP by “Webbs a ships Fmqpind ATP + meta Gon, 3 Readion OmmHrS tn= dn slip Aagjlade bat TH caplacthy late th eam A i hrotis Ore ktaf, ey phory ip i Ceneited FF pyeptap het cept), 2 EH,- a, Com Fatty add ee Pr Re cu,— cn E- AMP Acslondeny te CoksH [ine : Re cn, CH= nee ' Aeyl cof addy in to Mitochondlst a: B) Thanaport q Fatt wh tengethideondial menbrene © imparvetle tM au told canpttine carer ‘Sgdtin opuetn © Tronsport at Ped Prove cycol tort alive foto B raneied, +9 Carnttine fe cadalned! by darettine any harafevaue - ? 3b ayl- acti. & tanapertd atrors’ Ha’ enambrane Pot te mittockoadt ol robs by epee corti pee 4 é conveited tn 5 Ay toh tnatde tle rib ait iL carnitine fs Mal Dee by cnet Aryl ctanrfi nse 3A § Me win—_— paren agisee! x ptlockerdaol malty emby ons i canting $f carcttine, co oe f Ao pyle fees of: nat Qe S ‘a cons beating Jue enleo tt dls oR 2 of aH oben. , one 7 eof ep oabydegration yo wongne ‘Pl oo 5) vat Sar: ie tp ee ghee oh bod ta ard owt 5 foun Bo hy bigot riley cn segs ct s Act aayl oft tu) eases > A te Foal kee of B- Evie eb Re “Donel ede Sglan pineal te th Bes of tof cleaw o5 sen Ps a y | | on a een bi ety Be se0k ote) gptmayacyl con 5 Neon | 6 nino ay telat uno ob Ste [: Te =i [Bo betooad cof ras | ea ‘PesleoR : * wri sof Boortdatio: oxtdation! , beet Wh > Generally palmtta abd used “for te pees ot B- ortdatian ¥ | ‘ pay ald Loy potted’ 8 caer. donptind Hot cht seg ge oaldtin bofen ped cor ‘ + [palma cote : ays NADH . a re 8 Acetyl cof Me ‘ 31 Aedtyl CoP = iome’ 4 NADH + 2-SATP SPADA, FOS . 3 Nove, fo (B- ond” iM ann add, oe hewe -a Aeelyl co = lord = go mF HARD = AKAs + ao AVP erro, + pies we MP os slow « “Total IP = Bouts 10-6 —Y toe ATP weak amie voll be Jy acai? ave ublad to Te acttvalion pe Baer tos-a= 106DE Novo Symmesis, of AMY Acins Yq proud AE lorie, > penove Syuthésis is alte ob ‘badly B42 iver, Kid Bai pos, 2D cecans to Th Gjesed e Hva, TOmy RAS \ is rng yor dans aye qeast Yoh, Cyfasa (exer) Ta The pul OGd Wed TS aphid daseg Renee the ds polesic add De Thos, brosypthus Prctiy! Con — Sauree ab Cosbon Slams Nevrh pret thy nena cqptivabints erp = Suppl enogy . Sqr Se Dense Sytinds 2 prodidlion cbs Sab) Con ard Neots * Cenveson oe Achy Ga te fron) Ge * Reacions Oy baby oss Stpthac Compl © Petaain ob Got Ge g reer A Od) GO & prduad to the hithands igen pyssha Are CEE CH Ghat we Milecherdia a nat pormecble = capsats Pane AU Gardinser estth gaatootloh “te bpm A heb ay ‘uy eonspertigd “le Gace! Ghar cen AR Pay! GO. LIS aleastt, Converts Tale Fa mw Mab 2 Conald tele pps te presen, cb male erty Uehich gana NEPA &, Com pattochordst al cage. Sst 1 pes, > arss* ewm eel, coi toate pee cree reo al angen CentonConversion of Acetyl coh 10. Malongl CoA: a > Alelyl Of is Carboyglaled to Malny| eo by the onayme acetyl CoA carborylare J wrocen yeruides ATP, Biohin fox Co, Fixation a CHy — C- Sco Acedyl CoA ar Co | “Acelst con carboxylase Ave Bilin i Gor = cH, - C- scoh Malony! cof Reactions of Fatty acid synthae complexe. the Yemaining vaclions of falty acid s4rheris ave Calelysed by a multifunction? enayme Known as Faddy did synthase (Fas) -complex > The 9 ‘casbon Fragment of acelyl CoA is dransfewed to AcP Acyl carver” pwoletn) g@ ally acid Synthase SY enzyme acelyl con-acr 4vaniacslase the acedy! unit uv then shransterred From cP ty cyderie esilue oF dhe enzyme Thus VO Ade fall vacant. :@the enzyme md lonyl CoA ~ ACP Avansacy lase transferase tralonale fier, Malonyl CoA 4o bind fe Ace @ he Acylmatonyl ‘ehzyme convetled into g- Keloacyl “Ain the’ Dyesence! oF “P kebaacy! ACP SyMdhy with Removal of Coa. ® B- keleacyl ACP Yeduclare reduces Keloacy! soup fo hydvoxy acyl our -The seducing equivalents are Supplied by NADPH. © petiglrory acsl Aer undergoes. dehytion (vemsvl 4 of Hao) in the presence #F B- hydroxyacyl- ACP dchydvalae + The double bond Wo ~ tbe iabadeced ©-A decond nave. degendenl- reduclion calelysel bs enogl - Acr Yeduclae’ occurs 40° produce. Acyl-AC. the 4c gzour-atleched to AGP As Uubysy! sour: =) The” carbon chain. allached 4o cp ig drarsesd | do cysteine» Yeridue and the Yeaclions 2-6 ave | Yepeadedl , 9-6 move dimes | ach Mime the fatty acid chain 15 lengthened ty 2c unl (ablained ly malonyl cot) - Mh end of 7 Cycler ithe Faldy acid sgnbhesis Complede go 16¢ Tully faburaded Palmilade (addy acl) é ts prduced.ythe en?ymne felmiloy! -Thivesle sae, seperater Fale! ade fom tally acd canthae: This amp leler the synthests oF palmitade. | ont | cH ¢-Scoa Acelyl CoA J con Ace tan oa, Aan iad at ally aci g synthe Acp-s~c CH Heedyl -S-#CP crvanster oF Acetyl fo. cysteine v ° cys -s-¢ -¢tls ° i “oe — Cle —C-SCOA ACP — SH Malony! CoA Acetyl s- eneume Halong C04 ~ACP CoAsH | vaitiag We 9 yee S eencta ° Acpase ec Acyl malonyl erFegme NAOH +t Be betoacsl - ACP ssedlaue niapet < cys sly rg ep -s- bce -t- cts @- Keloacy! ACPcys: sll Acp-s-b ct-ckl CH pe Hydroxy acyl - ACP | 8 flydvory. ACP Hod dehydvadase Cys not ACD~S ACHE CHC Hy Wans- Cnoyt ACP ntapril sire ‘Cnoyt AcP nlaoet < J Yeducdase Oo Cys- SH ACP = =8 cy «CHa CH Acyl ACP (bubyty! Act) TYansfer of casbon chain From ACP bo CHL ° cys~s- Co cHle= cHe-cils _ ACP. SH ACH § @neyme Rens 2-6 vepeated more dimes Cussh Nera, cyssty cael ACP~5~E- (ely jg CHa hy APS gaelones ocelaee 2 : tre bedy DY RL Cowstid ty tain ord died \ a uss te Nice ortns pugs. re as Uhm toy He Sh Im cnfeitele Coston coms Se supetid by . oe Uae Db Sipuinel Jo Inve ond “bonspered Naw OF extn Fo usta * Uno Spits Sy a 5 sup cipte peas Um 5 datind RYY ate bee Verst two troy Gu presi lo rectacherd: was ae west on Jecalised to Giesel, ) Siptiats br coun phssptab Cotiny preg ag de pettachandato. coals she Gerdinsaltes es bint Tors Usth Coste oor Coston prashste ia Shp Consume Tues SIP BS Trowel. ob Cthulltas 2 -Cthulinn ts Se Content pepe Be rejnedhd 2 Poco ee ee Ost ord wid Fo wae Ye ‘Tagnesucdral Shaye succes 3 —“Erg oes 3B. Sypthuts obs = _ Ss duc Oxfrosues Condinass Gelling te, coyote REN Mtg, hp aguiae Tp Uhr Cheved Ae eae ond Pefaeaettel (, qine sucdiroic Chovey D Cmoge ok Seynsuctat er Crgfnesucctist te Ge Ogata: @ beroeit Sage ai Ammediak precan or tyr Uso ye Oecees ongf rire te yp Lue € orthiog aajnseles erty, Pritichordata: ge Th ama ty the ane Oyo “Errcae 3, ae taunt eregoose hy sh g ical EN thy Octvctid by Cor get * A Te tue Cyde Se Wrechersthl g Girisumas QOTP: A BETP Loy UE te The Sipthars ob Gaskomay) phase * ors AP Gy Connettid lo Amp G PPI te Produa Grains Skt tshich equala “to 2 ap i ' A Rec GOTP ou Consumedcosanme doonygy «|S ePR aspale sigteae Po o- \ eeseornag phsapiats : “ Sredthira “wore = “ ‘ we Naan ore pyre erageae . et — we he 1 os : bn ; tes \ : Coe u -qoes ea&' , ts aehinea as > Glycolysiz ' | of Reactions ConVeralitg Si Cer a are lackele wh whe P =) alycolysts dake: Place in alt body the eM@ymes oF this Palkway Prec in CYlesomal Féaclian oF dhe tt doker Places in bodh aembic and Gnessbic . Glucose conyerf inde 2 molecules oF Pyar Along with the enengy of the ATP and Navel =—-onker aesobic condidion Amolecule oF | ae under anetolic condition eyruvete: is further convest inds lacdate. — 7Glucose ‘ ar cpp sl Hoxokiiase Glucae -¢- Phost hate ' | thostho hero uomesare Tpactoce - 6- thos Phat af one 1 Phoths foude'kinase srtudlase 1, & Nithorthage | aldolase ; wv jose _PhosPhele pihyltory acedone a5 Glyceraldehs de 3- thos Phade phosphate 2 NADER Fr Z [ose dehydsogenase NADH v +13 -is Phos Phog lycesade 240? wed Phosthoahy cess kinase -PhosPhiog lyce vate Jf ploithoslucers mudase 2 PhosPhoaly cesate {, €nolase v ChosPhoens! Pysuvade 2ADe eat PUguvade Kinase pyvuvadeCobia Oe Awe an? O |, Hexskinase Vv H-¢—oll 1 Ho- GH ’ Hd =0u 4c on CMs -0--®. Glucose — 6- Phosphate L. Phosthsdenose isomerase “CoH Oe~ATP ul >I Phaspho {tuclo kinase are ay ; Lad? CH) ieee t |Ho~e-y | Lit H—c -oH 1 ' Woo -o0 ; | CHro -@ Futtse ve gi | |__thuphate J ( AWelase 7 tart | cHh-o-® 1 a eiethe Asie women H- C=0 ; Hc ~oll cHyo dt, Dihydeox yacetone Po eneee ts Phosthade (DtAP) 1 ae amon d q 0-0 He Coal acta mo [co aol cih-0 -O 3 host hes fucemd3+ thosphogly cemle thopheglycovate mulase + Yruvage [tele Taciate dehydrogenaseSheps: | Glucose iv converled inde Glucose ¢- Pha phate inthe Presence OF Hexokinwe thed treaks the aD? ints ADP w)Gilucore C-PhasPhate isomeriesed indo F fu close 1,6 VPhdsPhale in dhe Presence oF phasths F6uctokinase © Trace 16 tiehosthale further divided int 2 tomrounds each having carton atoms 5) alyceraldeh yee 2- PheaPhate (@ae) ii) dikydeary acetone Phasthode (pHAL © Glyderatdehyde ia-Phosthade is converied 1/2 BiPhosPhag tycerade “th dhe — Paesence oF glyce evalde hyde 2-PhosPha de dehydiog erase 3 haa GiphosPhoglyceinte is converted inks 3 Phosth 7 gy the endyme Phorhagly cota te ints alycerabe Kinase. =) 3 phesPhoglucerade Womerized de aPhsrh “lycevate® by the” emegme rhasPhos ua mutase > a phosPhaalycertdé Ls -eanverled. inde thosrha enol ‘puyuvede SY Ahe heme ety lasehe: a) therPhoenal pyurale firallg Converted “inde 'spyyuvale | th the pyruvate Kits =) Outing anevobic édndition - pytuvade Further cenverled inde laclale [7 dhe presente oF Lactate dehydrogenase - Glycolyss signifi cance > oth is dhe only Pathway Ahab “taker Place in all the cett * body. =) F¥0m . alycolysts pathway, energy 15 obdaine 4 in the fom of ATP uch ‘is Further wed’ for various métabole rathoay. aa iv the oly Source ‘oF eneray in RBCs During ext¥eme exercise when “muscle bie ‘lacks, rough oXygen Aneasbic alycalye oceuyy +thed foom, major Jource oF venergy. FOF fnuscles. =) rb also helPr. an. dhe -synthesu .0€: none ewential.. ating acids. —1 Gly cerqldehiyde a! Phos hate sailed in Anglycericdes g @hoPhotpids synthesisCresgetics of Gilycolyins Palhuny @ Molecules of At? aaia (cynthe sed) & Glyceraldehyde - 3 thosthese —> 1,4 tathosthoylyer ale. ¢ 24) 43 Biphasthoglytendte — 3 phorthaalyresale >> > thoithoeno! pyruvate —y pusuvale =9 2 @ Mlcculer of ATP Used luli lired) =I Glucose —s Glucoce 6 Phosrhale —) 4 > Fouclore ~ 6 Phoirhale —» Flucare~ IC 6iPhoithade ~4 =) Nowe ATP synthesized = 10 =) No-oF ATP used = 2 Net Arp synthesized — & citvic acid cycle: soln acid ‘eytle qlis known ay keels Cycle Sth is the mosk impostant metabolic pathway Soc dhe energy cuprly do the body. tide acid Cycle oecuss inside Mitochoedre and genevales a high amound: of chemical energy.imal athe’ cidree acid cycle the For war d t8oceduse oF Acsobic dycolysis Padhway. = The end pooduct oF Aerobic alycol ysts Pathway. Pysuvale is converted Mdo ‘Acedyl Coa’ which shards cidvie atid ele = cilyic acid Cycle eventually involves He oxidadion oF Acelul coA to Cm & Heo. Significance: ~) ah is the major source oF energy for body, OTL w the final common oxidalive Pashwny ouring citric acid cycle complete oXicladian oF Aceldyl CoA oCcurr =) Axcess oF carbohy drader conveded irs fal HL atte here in the synthesis of Von-essential Carte actd =) High amount 96 Ate is generated. Yate ambibeilic tn modere. =) fab % bummed on the wick of ‘adlahgl ralesIeTABOLISM OF CARBOHYORATES 432M@ the aetlulcod veacds with exaloaclate ’ Cer compnund) de form cidade (¢ compound Bam the ersishal the cidade undergoes Jiomerisalon fe form isocidvale in presence # Acchilee DAM the st step a oy gout Vs veleared trom Trociluate and Wow converled indo x. kedogtula edake in dhe Pyeence oF reocibeete A chyde agers —@m she Mh sdep one mone Coe sour ¥eleared fiom Xakedoglulemse & Saceinyl CoA iy Poured int the Preence oF x ~ kedegludarede d hyd Serve @® suceinty! co is converted inde suctinabe W dhe | peesence ef succiny! CoA Synthase and 4 Molecule of GOP Comeried into ATP. : @ sucdinale 1s converkd Mito fumevade by * onidate in the Presence oF Juccinale dchydeoaenere and alo @ Molecule oF FADH, is formel trom FAHD! | @ Famesale 6 converled indo Malade An dhe Present of Fumerque ® Malad ‘ts aan Converlec! in to oxaloace dade tn the. @hescnce oF Malale dehy ds ogenare, and -kyeti cycle-Cneegedics of keel's Cycle tolal ATP a! _ rsocifeade —9 &~ kedoalulasle =) 3 (NADA) _ a. kedoglularde —) succinyl 6A —) 3 (na dHS ~ succynt oA 9 succinake =) v Carp) = sucinale ~—9 Fumesale 9 2CFADHs) — nialyle —> oXaloacelak = 3 (NADA) Net ATP 15 (From | Pysumale) uince , hese 2 molecules of Pututtate” oF Acelulee ate involved hence ‘Tolat ATP formed in kéebs ceycle opts xq = 30 =) Hence; dal ATP Form from 1 Glucose = ATP From glycalysu + kets ty cle = 9t30 = 38 ATP FAD — Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide ¥ NAD — Alicodinamide adenine dinuel eolide ¥% Ge - Guyanosine JiphosPhase ANADH = 3ATPGlucose v » Pytuvate : v Acedyl’ co A + Maloacefade hat ee Malate cleksdirse NABH : [Malale] whan — a L + AA ty Tiocidvale dle hydvosenase aoe NADH (= kelea ulasade wey = Keesler dehy sogerae Succing Con - . Syndiae Scucciny| de kydeegenare Aletyl + 3NAD 4F4AD+ @pP +,Poyt ItHo,—? CoA OC, + INADH & PADUA GrTP & CO