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Guillain Barre Syndrome. 1

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, often following a recent infection. Diagnosis involves history taking, electromyography, and lumbar puncture, while management includes urgent referral, IVIG or plasmapheresis, and supportive care. Long-term follow-up with neurology and psychological support may be necessary for recovery and management of residual symptoms.

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7 views2 pages

Guillain Barre Syndrome. 1

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, often following a recent infection. Diagnosis involves history taking, electromyography, and lumbar puncture, while management includes urgent referral, IVIG or plasmapheresis, and supportive care. Long-term follow-up with neurology and psychological support may be necessary for recovery and management of residual symptoms.

Uploaded by

chinedu belusochi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

1. Data Gathering (History Taking)

- Presenting Complaint:

- Ask about progressive muscle weakness:

- Onset and progression (e.g., starts in legs, moves upwards).

- Associated symptoms: tingling, numbness, or pain.

- Any difficulty walking, standing, or using arms.

- Breathing difficulties, trouble swallowing, or facial weakness.

- Recent History:

- Recent infection:

- Respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms within 1-3 weeks.

- Specific infections like Campylobacter jejuni.

- Vaccinations or surgeries.

- Medical History:

- History of autoimmune diseases or neurological conditions.

- Medication use or allergies.

2. Diagnosis

Guillain-Barré Syndrome is a rare, acute autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks

peripheral nerves, often triggered by recent infections. Symptoms typically include progressive,

symmetrical muscle weakness starting in the lower limbs, tingling sensations, and potential

respiratory compromise.

3. Management Plan

- Immediate Actions:

- Urgent Referral:

- Immediate referral to the emergency department or neurology unit for assessment and
management.

- Red Flags:

- Weakness progressing rapidly or involving respiratory muscles.

- Autonomic dysfunction (e.g., abnormal heart rate, blood pressure changes).

- Hospital Management:

- Confirm diagnosis with:

- Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies.

- Lumbar puncture: elevated protein with normal cell count (albuminocytologic dissociation).

- Treatment:

- Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasmapheresis.

- Monitor respiratory function closely (may require mechanical ventilation in severe cases).

- Supportive Care:

- Physiotherapy for mobility and prevention of complications.

- Pain management (e.g., neuropathic pain treatments like gabapentin).

- Follow-Up:

- Long-term neurology follow-up for recovery and management of residual symptoms.

- Psychological support if needed.

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