Solution
Solution
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1.     Let n be a positive integer such that 1  n  1000. Let Mn be the number of integers in the set
       Xn  4n  1, 4n  2,...., 4n  1000 .                 Let     a    =    max     Mn : 1  n  1000      ,   and     b   =    min
       Mn : 1  n  1000 .     Find a – b
Ans.   22
Sol.   xn =    4n  1,   4n  2,.......,   4n  1000   
       for n = 1
         5, 6,....... 1004
       Number of perfect squares = 29 = a
       
       
       for n = 1000
         4001, 4002,......... 5000
       Number of perfect squares = 7 = b
       Because when gap is same b/w two number the number of perfect squares b/w two smaller
       number will always be greater then or equal to the number of perfect squares b/w two bigger
       number.
        a – b = 29 – 7
       a – b = 22
2.     Find the number of elements in the set               a, b  N : 2  a,b  2023,loga b  6 logb a  5
Ans.   54
Sol.   logab + 6logba = 5
                   6
        loga +         5
                 loga b
        (logab)2 – 5 (logab) + 6 = 0
        (loga b –3) (logab–2) = 0
        (loga b = 2) or logab = 3
        b = a2 or b = a3
       Now (a, b)  and 2  a, b  2023
        b = a2 = 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, ……..442
       Or b = a3 = 23, 33, 43, 53 , …….., 123
       So, number of elements in the set = 43 + 11 = 54
                                                               16   7
3.     Let  and  be positive integers such that                    .
                                                               37  16
       Find the smallest possible value of .]
Ans.   23
       16        7
Sol.        
       37  16
       16< 37            16 < 7
          37
                        7  16
          16
                                 16
                                  
                                  7
       16        37
            
        7          16
       For  = 1, 2, 3, ……,9 ,   I+
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       at = 10
       22.8571 < < 23.125
       = 23
4.                                                                 
       Let x, y be positive integers such that x 4  x  1 y3  23  1 .   
       Find the maximum possible value of x + y.
Ans.   07
Sol.   x4 – (x–1) (y3–23) – 1
       x4 – 1 =(x – 1) (y3–23) – 2
       (x – 1) [(x + 1) (x2 + 1) – (y3 –23)] = – 2
       = –1 × 2 = 1 x – 2
       If x – 1 = –1 x = 0 Rejected
       If x – 1 = 1       (x + 1) (x2 + 1) – (y3 – 23) = – 2
       x=–2               3× 5 – y3 + 23 = – 2
                          38 – y3 = – 2 y3 = 40 Rejected
       If x – 1 = 2  x = 3
                  4.10 – y3 + 23 = –1  y3 = 64
                                            y=4
       So maximum possible value of x + y = 3 + 4 = 7
5.     In a triangle ABC, let E be the midpoint of AC and F be the midpoint of AB The medians BE and
       CF intersect at G. Let Y and Z be the midpoints of BE and CF respectively. If the area of triangle
       ABC is 480, find the area of triangle GYZ.
Ans.   10
Sol.   By mid point theorem                                                            A
                         1
       F || BC & FE = BC  (1)
                         2
        F ECB is a parallelogram
                      1                                                                      E
       ar (BGC) = ar (ABC)                                                 F
                      3                                                               G
                    1                                                           Y        Z
                 =    × 480
                    3
                = 160
                                                                       B                            C
       In trapezium FECB, since Y & Z are mid– point of diagonal
        YZ || BC +|| EF
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6.     Let X be the set of all even positive integers n such that the measure of the angle of some regular
       polygon is n degrees. Find the number of elements in X.
Ans.   16
           180P  2
Sol.   n=
               P
       Where P is number of sides of polygon P  3 {p  I+}
       Total number of factors of 180
       = (2 + 1) (2 + 1) (1 + 1)
       =3×3×2
       = 18
       Now
       For P  3
       Total number of factors of 180 = 18 – 2 = 16
7.     Unconventional dice are to be designed such that the six faces are marked with numbers from
       1 to 6 with 1 and 2 appearing on opposite faces. Further, each face is colored either red or yellow
       with opposite faces always of the same color. Two dice are considered to have the same design if
       one of them can be rotated to obtain a dice that has the same numbers and colors on the
       corresponding faces as the other one. Find the number of distinct dice that can be designed.
Ans.   96
Sol.   Arrangement of 3, 4, 5, 6 can be done in 3! ways = 6 (By circular permutation)
       Colouring can be done in 2 × 2× 2 = 8 ways
       Total design are = 8 × 6 × 2 = 96 ways
8.     Given a 2 × 2 tile and seven dominoes (2 × 1 tile), find the number of ways of tiling (that is, cover
       without leaving gaps and without overlapping of any two tiles) a 2 × 7 rectangle using some of
       these tiles.
Ans.   59
Sol.   Case-I:- If we use only dominoes
                For 2× n rectangle we get
                Recursion formula as f(n) = f(n–1) + f(n–2)
                Where f(1) = 1 , f(2) = 2, f(3) = 3, f(4) = 5 , f(5) = 8, f(6) = 13, f(7) = 21
       Case-II:- When 2×2 tile is used
                2×(f(5) + f(1) ×f(4) + f(2) × f(3))
                2×(8 + 1 × 5 +2 × 3)
                38
                Total = 21 + 38 = 59
       at n = 0         a0 = p + q = 1
                        p + q = 1 ……. (1)
       at n = 1         a1 = p(x1) + q(x2)
                              –4 = –2(p+q) +          3 i (p-q)
                                        2i
                              p–q =          …..(1)
                                         3
       From eqn (1) and (2)
                   1    i          1  i
              p=           and q = 
                   2     3         2   3
         2
       a 50               
             a 49 .a 51  px1 
                                  50
                                                – px   qx  px 
                                        qx 2 
                                               50 2
                                                               1
                                                                   49
                                                                             2
                                                                                 49
                                                                                      1
                                                                                          51
                                                                                                qx 2 
                                                                                                       51
                                                                                                            
                = 2pq (x1x2)50        – pq x .x   pqx .x
                                               49
                                               1
                                                      51
                                                      2
                                                                   51
                                                                   1
                                                                        49
                                                                        2
                                        x x  x  x 
                         7               7            49
                =2×         750               1 2
                                                           2
                                                           2
                                                                   2
                                                                   1
                        12              12
                    7 51 7
                =           749  2
                     6    12
                7 51  7 50
                             5 50
                     6
                Number of positive integer divisors = 51
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11.    A positive integer m has the property that m² is expressible in the form 4n2 – 5n +16 where n is an
       integer (of any sign). Find the maximum possible value of Im–n|.
Ans.   14
Sol.   m2 = 4n2 – 5n + 16
        16m2 = 64n2 – 80n + 256
        (4m)2 = (8n –5)2 + 231
        (4m)2 – (8n –5)2 = 231
        (4m –8n +5) (4m + 8n –5) = 231 = 3 × 7 × 11
                4m  8n  5  231
       I                            m  29    but n  I
                  4m  8n  5  1 
                4m  8n  5  1 
       II                         m  29 , n = 15               (m, n) (29, 15)
               4m  8n  5  231
               4m  8n  5  231
       III                         m  29 Rej
                4m  8n  5  1 
                4m  8n  5  1 
       IV                          m  29 Rej
               4m  8n  5  231
                4m  8n  5  3 
       V                          m  10 ; n  I
               4m  8n  5  77
               4m  8n  5  77
       VI                         m  10, n  4                (m, n)  (10, – 4)
                4m  8n  5  3 
                4m  8n  5  3 
       VII                         m  10, Re j
               4m  8n  5  77
               4m  8n  5  77
       VIII                        m  10, Re j
                4m  8n  5  3 
               4m  8n  5  7
       IX                        m  5, n  i
               4m  8n  5  3
               4m  8n  5  33
       X                          m  5, n  1                (m, n)  (5, – 1)
                4m  8n  5  7 
               4m  8n  5  33
       XI                          m  5, Re j
                4m  8n  5  7 
                4m  8n  5  7 
       XII                         m  5, Re j
               4m  8n  5  33
               4m  8n  5  11
       XIII                      m  4, n  I
               4m  8n  5  21
               4m  8n  5  21
       XIV                       m  4, n  0                  (m, n)  (4, 0)
               4m  8n  5  11
               4m  8n  5  21
       XV                          m  4, Re j
               4m  8n  5  11
               4m  8n  5  11
       XVI                        m  4, Re j
               4m  8n  5  21
               Hence maximum |m – n| = 14
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12.    Let P(x) =   x3   +   ax2   + bx + c be a polynomial where a, b, c are integers and c is odd. Let pi be the
       value of P(x) at x = i. Given that p13  p32  p33  3p1p2p3 , find the value of p 2  2p1  3p 0 .
Ans.   18
Sol.   P(x) = x3 + ax2 + 6x + c
       P(x1) = x13  ax12  bx1  c  p1
       P( x3 )  x32  ax22  bx2  c  p2
       P( x3 )  x33  ax32  bx3  c  p3
       Now given              p13  p32  p33  3p1 p2p3
                             p1 = p2 = p3     or       p1 + p2 + p3 = 0
       case-1                p1 = p2 = p3
                             3a + b + 7 = 0
                             1+ a +b + c = 8 + 4a + 2b + c = 27 + 9q+ 3b +c
                             3a+b+7= 0
                             a = – 6, b = 11
                             5a + b + 19 = 0
                           p(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 11x + c
                             = (x–1) (x–2) (x–3) + (c + 6)
       Hence                 p2 + 2p1 – 3p0 = (c+6)+ 2(c+6)– 3 (–6+ c+6)
                             = 3(c+6) + 18 – 3(c+6)= 18
       Case 2                If       p1+ p2+ p3= 0
                                      36+14a+6b+3c= 0
                             Which is not possible as c is odd
                             So Ans = 18
                                                  1
13.    The ex-radii of a triangle are 10            , 12 and 14. If the sides of the triangle are the roots of the cubic
                                                  2
       x3  px2  qx  r  0 , where p,q,r are integers, find the integer nearest to                       pqr .
Ans.   58
                                  
Sol.   ra        ,rb      , rc                             p,q, r are integer means
              sa       sb        sc
                                                              a+b+c, ab+ bc+ ca, abc are also integer
                                                                     a, b, cI
       1 1 1 1
          
       r r1 r2 r3
        1 2      1     1
                  
        r 21 12 14
        1 24  21  18 63          1
                              
        r       252         252 4
       r= 4
            
       r 4
            S
       = 4S
                     4S                   4S                             4S
       ra                , rb              ,                rc       
             Sa Sa               Sb Sa                             Sc Sc
        21    4S             4S            4S
                 , 12          , 14 
         2 Sa              Sb           Sc
       21(S–a)= 8S,               12S –12b = 4S,                         14S – 14C = 4S
       21S – 21a= 85 ,            8S= 12b,                               10S=14C
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                                          8S 2S                           5
       13S= 21a,                    b          ,                  C      S
                                          12   3                          7
            13s
       a=
             21
       a, b, c are integers
            13          2        5
       a      S, b  S, C  S
            21          3        7
       So S is multiple of LCM (2, 3, 7)so S is take S = 21
            13
       a       21  13
            21
            2     2
       b  S   21  14
            3     3
            5     5
       c  S   21  15
            7     7
       So a = 13, b = 14, c = 15
       Now,      pqr
                 a  b  c  ab  bc  ca  abc
                 (1  a)(1  b)(1  c )  1
                 14  15  16  1
                3359 = 57.96
               Nearest integers = 58
14.    Let ABC be a triangle in the xy plane, where B is at the origin (0,0). Let BC be produced to D such
       that BC : CD = 1 : 1, CA be produced to E such that CA: AE = 1: 2 and AB be produced to F such
       that AB : BF = 1 :3. Let G(32,24) be the centroid of the triangle ABC and K be the centroid of the
       triangle DEF. Find the length GK.
Ans.   40
Sol.
                                    E     (x, y)
                                              2
                                                  A (x2, y2)
                                                        1
                                                  G
                                      1           (32, 24)                1
                                                  1        C (x1,y1)                             D (2x1,2y1)
                                    B
                             3 (0, 0)
                     F (a, b)
                         (-3x2,-3y2)
       By section formula
       Coordinate of point D
       D (2x1 , 2y1)
       Let E (x , y)
            2 x1  x                                     2y1  y
       x2 =                                       y2 =
                3                                          3
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       3x2 – 2x1 = x                             y = 3y2 – 2y1
       E (3x2 – 2x1 , 3y2– 2y1)
       Let f(a, b)
       3x 2  a                                      3y 2  b
                 0                              0=
           4                                            4
       3x2 + a = 0                               0 = 3y2= + b
       a = –3x2                                  b = –3y2
15.    Let ABCD be a unit square. Suppose M and N are points on BC and CD respectively such that the
       perimeter of triangle MCN is 2. Let O be the circumcentre of triangle MAN, and P be the
                                                       2
                                         OP    m
       circumcentre of triangle MON. If         for some relatively prime positive integers m and n,
                                         OA    n
       find the value of m + n.
Ans.   03
Sol.   Since perimeter of MCN = 2
E a D b N 1–b C
                                                                         a+b
                                                                                           1 –a
                          x       y                                                        a
                                          x+y
                                             x
                                                                                           B
                           A
              1–b+1–a+MN = 2
              2 – a – b + MN = 2
              MN = a+b
       Extend CD to E
       Such that DE = BM = a
       ABM  ADE
       By SAS congruence criterion
       By CPCT
       AE = AM
        MAB =  EAD = x
       Now    EAN and MAN
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                          D             N          C
                                        x
                                                   M
                                        O
                               45°
                        A                          B
                EN = MN (a+b)
                AE = MA
                AN = AN
       By SSS
                EAN  MAN
       So
                 ABCD is a square
                 y + x + y + x = 90
                 2x+ 2y = 90
                 x + y = 45
         O is circumcentre so
                                    MON = 2x  MAN = 245 = 90°
                                    MON = 90°
       So        MON is a rigid 
               So P(Circumcentre of MON)
                 P is mid point of MN
                 OP = PM = PN = X
                   D        N          C
                                x
                                  p
                               x     x
                                       M
                             O     2x
                       2x
                 A                    B
                Only one possibility for quad OMCN
                So = OM =      2x
                OM = OB = OA =          2x
                      2             2          2
                 OP     x        1    1 m
                                   = m + n = 1+2 = 3
                 OA      2x       2   2  n
16.    The six sides of a convex hexagon A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 are colored red. Each of the diagonals of the
       hexagon is colored either red or blue. If N is the number of colorings such that every triangle
        Ai Aj Ak where 1 i< j < k  6, has at least one red side, find the sum of the squares of the digits
       of N.
Ans.   18
                                 nn  3
Sol.   Number of diagonals =
                                    2
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A5 A4
        A6
                                                                            A3
                   A1                                             A2
                                 66  3
                                        =
                                    2
                              = 3× 3
                              =9
       Case-1:-      when 2 sides red, 1 blue
                     Number of ways selecting two consecutive red sides = 6
                     So number of triangles = 6
       Case-2:-      when 1 sides red, 2 blue
                     from side A1 A2  (1) A1 A4 A2
                                       (2) A1 A5 A2
                     From all sides = 6 × 2 = 12 triangles
                     Total triangle = 15
       M –2 6C3 – 2 [A1 A3 A5 and A2 A4 A6] =18
                               97
                                  r 1 r               r  1 r  2 .r C
                                                         97
               = 100  4     
                             r 3
                                    4
                                         C 3  20
                                                  r 3
                                                         4       5
                                                                            3
                        97                       97
               = 400    
                        r 3
                                r 1
                                    C 4  20  .
                                               r 3
                                                      r 2
                                                             C5
               = 400 99 C5  20  100C6
                                       100
                                             C6                         100         1000 200
       Average = 400 – 20 ×            99
                                                   400  20                400           66.6
                                            C5                           6            3   3
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18.    Let  be a convex polygon with 50 vertices. A set F of diagonals of  is said to be minimally
       friendly if any diagonal dF intersects at most one other diagonal in F at a point interior to  . Find
       the largest possible number of elements in a minimally friendly set F.
Ans.   71
Sol.   Group of nonintersecting diagonals inside polygon are A1A3, A1A4, A1A5,……. A1A49, and A2A4,
       A4A6, A6A8, …… A48A50, but diagonal of first group intersect only one diagonal of second group. So
       total number of element in set F is 47 + 24 = 71
                                   A1    A2
                             A50
                       A49                     A3
                 A48                                 A4
                                                     A5
A6
                                                     A7
                                                A8
                                          A9
19.    For nN, let P(n) denote the product of the digits in n and S(n) denote the sum of the digits in n.
       Consider the set
       A= {nN: P(n) is non-zero, square free and S(n) is a proper divisor of P(n)}.
       Find the maximum possible number of digits of the numbers in A.
Ans.   92
Sol.   A {n N ; p(n)  0 is square free and s(n) is proper divisor of p(n)} p(n) is square free so number
       n can containing digit 1, 2, 3,5 7 or, 1, 5, 7, 6 s(n) is proper divisor of p(n)
       So maxi possible value of s(n) = 3 × 5 × 7 = 105
       For making digit sum 105, n contain digit 2, 3,5 and 7 one time and digit 1, 88 times
       s(n) = 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 1 × 88 = 105
       p(n) = 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 1 …… 1 = 210
       Maximum number of digits in n = 88 + 4 = 92
20.    For any finite non empty set X of integers, let max(X) denote the largest element of X and |X|
       denote the number of elements in X. If N is the number of ordered pairs (A, B) of finite non-empty
       sets of positive integers, such that max(A)  |B| = 12; and |A|  max(B) = 11 and N can be written
       as 100a + b where a, b are positive integers less than 100, find a+ b.
Ans.   43
Sol.   max(A) × |B| = 12 = 1 × 12 = 3 × 4 = 2 × 6
       |A| × max(B) = 11 = 1 × 11                        |A| = 11 4 max (B) = 1
       |A| = 1 and max(B) = 11                           max (A) = 12 and |B| = 1
       Max(A) = 12         |B|   =1
                =6               =2
                =4               =3
                =3               =4
                =2               =6
21. For n N, consider non-negative integer-valued functions f on {1,2………., n } satisfying f(i)  f(j)
                                                                                         
                                                                                             n
       for i > j and ni 1(i  f (i))  2023 . Choose n such that                                  f (i)   is the least. How many such
                                                                                             i 1
       functions exist in that case?
Ans.   15
        n
Sol.    i  f i  2023
       i1
        n             n
        i   f i  2023
       i1            i 1
       nn  1                  
                              n
          2
               
                             f i  2023
                            i1   
                             nn  1 
            n
                      
        
         f i
              
                      2023             7
         i1 least             2 least
       for n = 63
                n
       So     f i = 7
                i1
       So number of such functions = 15 f(i)  0, f(i)  f(i)
       (6, 1), (5, 2) (4, 3)
       (1, 2, 5), (1, 2, 4), (1, 3, 3), (2, 2, 3)
       (1, 1, 1, 4), (1, 1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 2, 2)
       (1, 1, 1, 1, 3), (1, 1, 1, 2, 2)
       (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
22.    In an equilateral triangle of side length 6, pegs are placed at the vertices and also evenly along
       each side at a distance of 1 from each other. Four distinct pegs are chosen from the 15 interior
       pegs on the sides (that is, the chosen ones are not vertices of the triangle) and each peg is joined
       to the respective opposite vertex by a line segment. If N denotes the number of ways we can
       choose the pegs such that the drawn line segments divide the interior of the triangle into exactly
       nine regions, find the sum of the squares of the digits of N.
Ans.   77
Sol.   Case-I
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                                    A
                            P11          P10
                       P12                  P9
                      P13                        P8
                   P14                                P7
                P15                                    P6
                B P 1 P2 P3 P4               P5            C
       As per given condition we need to divide triangle into exactly I region, and for flu's to happen 3 line
       must be concurrent as shown in the above figure.
       (i.e. in a way we are choosing 3 points on those sides, such that three lines from those points are
       concurrent)
       So basically this is ideal solution of ova's theorem in which product of three different ratio leads to
       1.
                                                                    m n
       Possible ration on side AB, BC and CA will be of the form       , and 1.
                                                                     n m
            m n
       i.e      1  1
            n m
       Now, we can choose the ration 1:1 in 3 ways for all three sides and other ration can be choose in 4
       ways other two sides.
       i.e three are a 3 × 4 + 1 = 13 ways
       Now, fourth point can be choose in 12C ways
        Total such possibilities = 12× 13 = 156 ways
       Case-II:-
                                    A
                            P11          P10
                       P12                  P9
                      P13                        P8
                   P14                                P7
                P15                                    P6
                B P 1 P2 P3 P4               P5            C
       Seating any two points on any two sides, no of ways: = 3 × 5C2 × 5C2 = 300
       Total case possible = 300 + 156 = 456
       Some of square of digit = 42+ 52 + 62 = 16 + 25 + 36 = 77
23.    In the coordinate plane, a point is called a lattice point if both of its coordinates are integers. Let A
       be the point (12,84). Find the number of right angled triangles ABC in the coordinate plane where
       B and C are lattice points, having a right angle at the vertex A and whose in center is at the origin
       (0,0).
Ans.   18
Sol.
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                                 45°
                                  -45°
           m = 3/4                         m1 = –4/3
                       I
            B
           (3t1,4t1)                                      C
                                                       (-4t2,3t2)
                                                                              84
       Using concept of shifting co-ordinate slope of AI =                       7
                                                                              12
                                               7 1 3
       Slope of BC = tan(– 45) =                 
                                               1 7 4
                                    AI         122  84 2
       Radius of in circle is                                      60
                                     2                 2
       r = 60
             AB  AC  BC
       Now                 r
                   2
       (BC)2 = (AC)2 + (AB)2
       (BC)2 = (AC + AB – 2r)2
                                               
       (5t1 + 5t2 – 2 × 5 × 12)2 = 25 t12  t 22           
       t1  t 2  2  122  t12  t 22
       Put t1 = x + 12
       t2 = y + 12
       Equation become
       (x – 12) (y– 12) = 2 × 122
       0       0
       Total number of triangle is equal to pair of (x, y)
                (x – 12) (y – 12) = 25 × 32
       number of pair (x, y) = 6 × 3 = 18
24.    A trapezium in the plane is a quadrilateral in which a pair of opposite sides are parallel.
       A trapezium is said to be non-degenerate if it has positive area. Find the number of mutually
       non-congruent, non-degenerate trapeziums whose sides are four distinct integers from the set
       (5,6,7,8,9,10).
Ans.   31
Sol.
D b C
                 c                                                   d
                                                   c
                                                               h
             A               b                     E                      B
                                           a
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                       Total = 10 solutions
       Case–V:
               a–b=5                    0<c–d<5
               c–d=1            c–d=2            c–d=3                        c–d=4
               c=d+1            c=d+2            c=d+3                        c=d+4
               (a, b) = (10, 5)         d = 6, c = 7, 8, 9
                                        d = 7, c = 8, 9
                                        d = 8, c = 9
                       Total = 6 solutions
       Total = 0 + 6 + 9 +10 + 6= 31 trapezium
25.    Find the least positive integer n such that there are at least 1000 unordered pairs of diagonals in a
       regular polygon with n vertices that intersect at a right angle in the interior of the polygon.
Ans.   30
Sol.
                            A1
                    A4k                 A2
       Case-I
       Let n= 4k
       [1 + 3 + 5 + …… + (2k–1)+…… + 3 +1]k
       [k2 + (k–1)2k] 1000
       k (k2 + (k–1)2] 1000
       k  9 n  36
       Case-II
       n= 4k + 2
       (1 + 3 + 5 + …… + (2k–1) × 2 × (2k + 1)
       2k2 (2k + 1) 1000
       k2 (2k + 1) 500
       k2  7
       n  30
       Final Answer = 30
26.    In the land of Binary, the unit of currency is called Ben and currency notes are available in
       denominations 1, 2, 22, 23.... Bens. The rules of the Government of Binary stipulate that one can
       not use more than two notes of any one denomination in any transaction. For example, one can
       give a change for 2 Bens in two ways: 2 one Ben notes or 1 two Ben note. For 5 Ben one can give
       1 one Ben note and 1 four Ben note or 1 one Ben note and 2 two Ben notes. Using 5 one Ben
       notes or 3 one Ben notes and 1 two Ben notes for a 5 Ben transaction is prohibited. Find the
       number of ways in which one can give change for 100 Bens, following the rules of the
       Government.
Ans.   19
Sol.   20(1), 21, 22, 23 , …... = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64
       64 + 32 + 4
       64 + 32 + 2 + 2
       64 + 32 + 2 + 1 + 1
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       64 + 16 + 16 + 4                    = 32 + 32 + 16 + 16 + 4
       64 + 16+ 16 + 2 + 2                 = 32 + 32 + 16+ 16 + 2 + 2
       64 + 16 + 16 + 2 + 1 + 1            = 32 + 32 + 16 + 16 + 2 + 1 + 1
       64 + 16 + 8 + 8 + 4                 = 32 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 8 + 4
       64 + 16 + 8 + 8 + 2 + 2             = 32 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 8 + 2 + 2
       64 + 16 + 8 + 8 + 2 + 1 + 1         = 32 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 8 + 2 + 1 + 1
       64 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 2         = 32 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 2
       64 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 1 + 1     = 32 +32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 1 + 1
Sol.   (Incomplete)
       20(1), 21, 22, 23
       100B
       100 = 26 + 25 + 22 (64 + 32+ 4)                64 + 16 + 8 + 8 + 4
       = 26 + 25 + 21 + 21                            26 + 24 + 2 × 23 + 22
       = 26 + 25 + 21 + 20 + 20                       26 + 24 + 2 × 23 + 2. 21
       = 26 + 2 × 24 + 2.21                           2 × 25 + 24 + 2 × 23 + 2 × 22
       = 2 × 25 + 2 × 24 + 22                         2 × 25 + 24 + 2 × 23 + 2 × 21
       = 2 × 25 + 2.24 × 2.21                         64 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 2
       = 26 + 25 + 2 + 2.20                           26 + 24 + 23 + 2 × 22 + 2 × 21
       = 26 + 2.24 + 21 +2.20                         2 × 25 + 24 + 23 + 2 × 22 + 221
       = 2 × 25 + 2 × 24 + 21 + 2 × 20
                                                      Total cases = 15
27.    A quadruple (a, b, c, d) of distinct integers is said to be balanced if a + c = b + d. Let S be any set
       of quadruples (a, b, c, d) where 1  a < b < d < c  20 and where the cardinality of S is 4411. Find
       the least number of balanced quadruples in S.
Ans.   91
Sol.   At first find maximum cardinality of quadruple (a, b, c, d) ignoring the balanced one, the that is
       simply 20C4 = 4845
       But cardinality of s {(a, b, c, d)} is given to be 4411.
       So leaving out maximum possible balanced quadruple in set S = {(a, b, c, d)} with 1 a < b < d < c
        20
       Now, counting balanced quadruples is s, we have
       a + c = b + d = 5  (1, 4), (2, 3)  2C2
       a + c = b + d = 6  (1, 5), (2, 4)  2C2
       a + c = b + d = 7  (1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4)  3C2
       a + c = b + d = 8  (1, 7), (2, 6), (3, 5)  3C2
       a + c = b + d = 9  (1, 8), (2, 8), (3, 7), (4, 5)  4C2
       a + c = b + d = 10  (1, 9), (2, 8), (3, 7), (4, 6)  4C2
       
       
       a + c = b + d = 36  (16, 20), (17, 19),  2C2
       a + c = b + d = 37  (17, 20), (18, 19),  2C2
       Total such case are = 4(2C2 + 3C2 + ……. + 9C2) + 10C2
        = 480 + 45
       = 525 balanced quadruples
       Remaining will be 525 – 434 = 91
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28.    On each side of an equilateral triangle with side length n units, where n is an integer, 1  n  100,
       consider n –1 points that divide the side into n equal segments. Through these points, draw lines
       parallel to the sides of the triangle, obtaining a net of equilateral triangles of side length one unit.
       On each of the vertices of these small triangles, place a coin head up. Two coins are said to be
       adjacent if the distance between them is 1 unit. A move consists of flipping over any three mutually
       adjacent coins. Find the number of values of n for which it is possible to turn all coins tail up after a
       finite number of moves.
Ans.   67
Sol.   This can be done for n  0 , 2 mod 3. below by a triangle , we will mean three coins which are
       mutually adjacent for n = 2, clearly it can be done.
                   H
                                                          T
        H                    H
                                          T                       T    and
       for n = 3 , flip each of the four triangle
H T T T T
H H T T H T T T H H
       H     H H        H      H H            T        T     H     T      T    TT    H     T
        Original         (I) steps                (II) steps        (III) steps (IV) steps
       for n  0 , 2 mod 3
       and n > 3 flip every triangle. Then the coins at the corners are flipped one. The coins on the sides
       (not comers) are flipped three times each. So all these coins will have tails up. The interior coins
       flipped six times each and have heads up. Since the interior coins have side length n – 3 by the
       induction step all of them (an be flipped so to have tails up.
       n  0 mat 3
                                       Black
                                           Red
n=4
n=6
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       different colour and any three coins is a raw have different colours. then the coins in the corner
       have the same colour sag red [ n = 3 k +1] A simple count shown that three are one more red
       coins then white or blue coins, so the (odd or even) parities of the red and white coins increase by
       1 or (b) both by 1 or (c) one increases by 1 and other decreases by 1. So the particles of the red
       and white coins stay different. In the case all coins are fails up the number of red and white coins
       could be zero and the parities would be the same so this cannot happens n  1 mod 3 case
       number of coins
       R         W              step
       4         3              original
       3         2              (I) – 1
       2         3              (II) ± 1
       1         2              (III) – 1
                                                        T                                                                T
                                                                                          T
                R                                                                                                   W         T
                                                 T             T                      W           T
            W           B                       B           R W                               T                    B              W
                                                                                  T                   W
           B        R                                                                                          T
                            W               R                                 R                                      T         R
                                                      W B          R                    W B           R                    B
       R                    R
            W B                                     Ist step                          IInd step                     IIIrd step
                                 R
                          W          B
                         B               W
                     R                    R
                 W                              B
                B                                    W
            R                                         R
                    W B          R    W B
       so it is possible for r = 33
       n = 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, ……, 98, 99
       for n = 67
       possible value it can be done
29.    A positive integer n > 1 is called beautiful if n can be written in one and only one way as
       n = a1 + a2 + ……..+ ak = a1. a2 …..ak for some positive integers a1,a2,……ak , where k > 1 and
       a1  a2  ak. (For example 6 is beautiful since 6 = 3. 2. 1 = 3 + 2 + 1, and this is unique. But
       8 is not beautiful since 8 = 4 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 4. 2. 1.1 as well as 8 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 2.2.2.1.1,
       so uniqueness is lost.) Find the largest beautiful number less than 100.
Ans.   95
Sol.   95 = 19 × 5 × (1 × 1 × 1 ……. 71 times)
       95 = 19 + 5 + (1 + 1 + 1 …… 71 times)
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30.    Let d(m) denote the number of positive integer divisors of a positive integer m. If r is the number of
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RESULT HIGHLIGHTS
             20                                                                9228                                                                                          19 3 3
                                                                                                                                                                                           Subject Wise 100%ile
AIRs (Category) in Top - 100 Students Qualified for JEE (Advanced) 2023 Physics Chemistry Maths
RAMKRISHNA GENA ABHISHEK GUPTA KAVYA AGRAWAL APOORV SHARMA KRITIN GUPTA ARHAN M. VORA ARJUN KRISHNASWAMY SANYAM AGRAWAL ARYA SAMEER JOSHI KEYAAN K. RAJESH SUJIT ADIGA AYUSH GUPTA
AIR 641 AIR 642 AIR 657 AIR 668 AIR 716 AIR 757 AIR 765 AIR 768 AIR 853 AIR 854 AIR 860 AIR 867
UTKARSH GUPTA CEZAN V. DAMANIA ANUSHKA SINGHAL DEVANSH JAIN HARSH AGRAWAL DARSHIT MITTAL PRAJJWAL YADAV PRATYUSH DASH MOHIT AGARWAL SHAURYA SINGHAL ANIRUDH BHARDWAJ PARTH GUPTA